GROUP 1

Amiscosa
Belisario
Devera
Guanzon
Obena
Redondo
Villaflores
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Industrial Hygiene
 Is the science of protecting the health and safety of workers
through: anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of
those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from
the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health
and well-being, or significant discomfort among workers or
among the citizens of the community.
Steps to Protect Employees
 Anticipate potential hazards

 Recognize potential hazards

 Evaluate exposure and risk

 Control exposure and risk

 HOW ARE OSHA AND
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
RELATED?
 Under the Act, OSHA develops and sets mandatory occupational safety and
health requirements applicable to the more than 6 million workplaces in the
U.S. OSHA relies on, among many others, industrial hygienists to evaluate
jobs for potential health hazards.

 Industrial hygienists also play a major role in developing and issuing OSHA
standards to protect workers from health hazards associated with toxic
chemicals, biological hazards, and harmful physical agents.

 Industrial hygienists analyze, identify, and measure workplace hazards or

stressors that can cause sickness, impaired health, or significant discomfort
in workers through chemical, physical, ergonomic, or biological exposures.
Worksite Analysis
 A worksite analysis is an essential first step that helps an
industrial hygienist determine what jobs and work stations
are the sources of potential problems.
Recognizing and Controlling Hazards
 Industrial hygienists recognize that engineering, work
practice, and administrative controls are the primary means
of reducing employee exposure to occupational hazards
Engineering controls
 Engineering controls minimize employee exposure by either
reducing or removing the hazard at the source or isolating
the worker from the hazard. Engineering controls include
eliminating toxic chemicals and substituting non-toxic
chemicals, enclosing work processes or confining work
operations, and the installation of general and local
ventilation systems.
Work practice controls
 Work practice controls alter the manner in which a task is performed. Some
fundamental and easily implemented work practice controls include
 changing existing work practices to follow proper procedures that
minimize exposures while operating production and control equipment
 inspecting and maintaining process and control equipment on a regular
basis;
 implementing good housekeeping procedures;
 providing good supervision
 mandating that eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco or gum, and
applying cosmetics in regulated areas be prohibited.
Administrative controls
 Administrative controls include controlling employees' exposure by scheduling
production and tasks, or both, in ways that minimize exposure levels.

 For example, the employer might schedule operations with the highest exposure
potential during periods when the fewest employees are present. When effective
work practices or engineering controls are not feasible or while such controls are
being instituted, appropriate personal protective equipment must be used.

 Examples of personal protective equipment are gloves, safety goggles, helmets,

safety shoes, protective clothing, and respirators. To be effective, personal protective
equipment must be individually selected, properly fitted and periodically refitted;
conscientiously and properly worn; regularly maintained; and replaced, as
necessary.
Hazard Communication Standard
 In order to ensure chemical safety in the workplace,
information about the identities and hazards of the
chemicals must be available and understandable to
workers.
Hazard Communication Standard
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires the
development and dissemination of such information:
 Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to evaluate
the hazards of the chemicals they produce or import, and prepare
labels and safety data sheets to convey the hazard information to
their downstream customers;
 All employers with hazardous chemicals in their workplaces must
have labels and safety data sheets for their exposed workers, and
train them to handle the chemicals appropriately.
Major changes to the Hazard Communication
Standard
■ Hazard classification: Provides specific criteria for classification of health and
physical hazards, as well as classification of mixtures.
■ Labels: Chemical manufacturers and importers will be required to provide a label
that includes a harmonized signal word, pictogram, and hazard statement for each
hazard class and category. Precautionary statements must also be provided.
■ Safety Data Sheets: SDSs are documents created by the chemical manufacturer
that describe the substance. Some information found on an SDS includes:
hazardous and physical characteristics, handling requirements, storage and
disposal information, and signs and symptoms of exposure
■ Information and training: The EH&S Office provides several OSHA and EPA
mandated trainings, including: hazard communication, hazardous waste generator
training, and general safety awareness. Hazard communication training covers all
aspects of this guideline
 Chemical Safety

■ Chemical safety is the application of the best practices for

handling chemicals and chemistry processes to minimize risk,
whether to a person, facility, or community. It involves
understanding the physical, chemical, and toxicological hazards
of chemicals.
■ Chemical health is a subset of chemical safety that focuses on
toxicology and health risks.
 Routes of entry

The main routes of entry of the chemicals into the human

body are:
■ Inhalation into lungs.
■ Absorption through skin membrane/cuts in the skin.
■ Ingestion via mouth into the gastrointestinal system.
 Ordering of chemicals

■ Always order the smallest possible quantity of chemical. This

reduces hazards and chemical waste.
■ Understand the hazardous properties of the chemical that is to
be purchased.
 Receipt of chemicals

■ Received packages must be checked to ensure that the

containers are in good condition.
■ Details of new chemicals must be entered in the laboratory
inventory and stored in a designated area.
■ The date of receipt and date of first usage must be recorded on
the bottles of peroxide forming chemicals.
■ Ensure that the for reference. Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
is obtained with the chemical and is readily available
 Storage of chemicals

■ Bulk stocks must be stored in a separate building.

■ A spill or fire involving bulk containers will be difficult to tackle
when compared with that involving smaller bottles.
■ Chemicals must not be placed indiscriminately in the storage
shelf. They must be grouped based on their compatibility.
■ The following chemical groups must be separated by storing them in
different cabinets/shelves or by providing secondary containment
(trays).
– Oxidisers, including peroxides
– Acids
– Bases
– Flammable materials
– Reproductive toxins
– Carcinogens
■ Any incompatibles within the above group must be stored separately.
■ To prevent accidents caused by overreaching do not store chemicals
on shelves higher than 1.5 meter (from floor level).
■ Store heavier or larger bottles on lower racks.
■ • Store flammable chemicals in approved safety cabinets.
■ Toxic or odoriferous chemicals must be stored in a ventilated
cabinet.
■ Chemicals must not be exposed to heat or direct sunlight. Heat
and sunlight can degrade chemicals, deteriorate storage
containers and labels.
■ Chemicals must not be stored at locations where they can be
knocked over.
■ Rim guards must be fixed on the edge of shelves to prevent
bottles from falling.
 Handling of chemicals

■ All chemical bottles must be tightly closed after use and must not
be placed on edge of the bench or shelf from which they can fall.
■ Chemical formulae or short forms must not be used for labelling
chemical bottles. Labels must include the full name of the
chemical, hazard pictogram and a brief description of the
hazards and precautions to be taken.
■ It will not be possible to identify the chemical in case of a spill or
body contact due to inadequate labelling.
 Transporting chemicals
■ Use secondary containment when transporting chemicals.
■ When transporting several containers, use carts with attached
side rails and trays with provision for spill containment.
■ Bottle carriers must be used while moving single container.
 Chemical inventory

■ The inventory of stored chemicals must be examined at least

annually.
Annual inventory checks helps in many ways:
– It ensures that chemicals are segregated according to their
compatibility.
– Discarding expired chemicals and help to save space.
– Help to quickly locate the chemicals.
– The expiration date of peroxides can be monitored.
– Help to identify bottles with worn out labels or those which
are leaking.
 Chemical spills

■ The following equipment must be maintained in laboratories for

dealing with chemical spills:
– Chemical spill kits
– Personal protective equipment, e.g., chemical cartridge
respirators.
– Scoops and dustpans
– Dry sand
 Safety precautions
■ Do not work alone in the laboratories particularly when
performing hazardous procedures.
■ Do not perform unauthorized experiments.
■ Plan appropriate procedures and the positioning of all equipment
before beginning any experiment.
■ Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, a laboratory
apron or coat, safety glasses and toe covered footwear at all
times in the laboratory.
■ Wear suitable gloves when handling chemicals. Inspect all
gloves for defects before usage.
■ Know the location of emergency equipment.
■ Be aware of the hazards posed by the work of others in the
laboratory.
■ Make others in the laboratory aware of any specific hazards
associated with your work.
■ Laboratory equipment must be regularly inspected and serviced
as per manufacturer’s recommendations.
■ Store coats, bags and other personal items in a designated area,
not on bench tops.
■ Keep drawers and cabinets closed when not in use.
 Emergency measures

■ All chemical splashes on the skin must be immediately flushed

under running water.
■ Contaminated clothing must be removed while flushing the body.
Flushing must be continued for at least 15 minutes.
■ Eyes must be immediately flushed with copious amount of water
for at least 15 minutes.
 Disposal of chemicals

■ Laboratories must maintain labelled carboys/cans for collecting

spent chemicals.
■ Care must be taken to prevent mixing of incompatible chemicals
while transferring spent chemicals.
■ There should be at least 2 inch head space above the liquid
surface in the chemical container.
TAPOS NA PO