1.

Empirical characteristics of legal and illegal immigrants in the USA

Caponi, Vincenzo, and Miana Plesca. "Empirical Characteristics of Legal and Illegal Immigrants
in the USA." Journal of Population Economics, vol. 27, no. 4, 2014, pp. 923-960.
ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/154838
4124?accountid=10163, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-014-0524- x.
In this article I will use it to write about empirical characteristics of legal and illegal immigrants
in the United States. This article will “combine the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), which
contains information on US legal immigrants, with the American Community Survey (ACS),
which contains information on legal and illegal immigrants to the USA.” Another thing in this
article that will be used is “to use information on legal and illegal migrants from Mexico using
data available from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), whose aim is to collect information
on the legal and illegal Mexican migration to the USA.” Here is another thing in the article
“while illegal immigrants suffer a large wage penalty compared to legal immigrants at all
education levels, the penalty decreases with education. We also find that the total fertility rate
among illegal immigrant women is significantly higher than that among legal ones, in particular
for middle and higher educated women.”
2. Unauthorized immigration to the United States
Espenshade, Thomas J. "Unauthorized Immigration to the United States." Annual Review of
Sociology, vol. 21, 1995, pp. 195. ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/199
732593?accountid=10163.
“Illegal immigration to the United States is in the public eye once again.” is how this article
started out which is good. “Because the volume of illegal US immigration is not directly
observed, studies of the gross flow of undocumented migration across the Mexico-United States
border have typically invoked Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) data on the number
of border apprehensions of unauthorized aliens as a proxy for the size of the illegal migrant
flow.” Another thing is “the gross flow of authorized aliens is not the same as the net flow,
because many illegal aliens depart the United States each year. Researchers at the US Bureau of
the Census estimate that the size of the US undocumented alien population grew by an average
annual amount somewhere between 100,000 and 300,000 during the period from 1980 to 1983.”
3. Growing Divide on Immigration and America’s Moral Leadership.
Growing Divide on Immigration and America’s Moral Leadership. Public Religion Research
Institute, Washington, 2018. ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/206233
1639?accountid=10163.
In this little article it tells the percentage of how many people want the want different things to
happen in the United States. And how fewer than half of the public believes that the U.S. sets a
good moral example for the rest of the world. And how “Americans largely reject the policy
whereby families entering the country without permission are treated as criminals and children
are separated from their parents.” In this article it will show how the people of the United States
have very different opinion. A lot of people argue that the U.S. should provide refuge and
protection for people who come to the U.S. when they are facing serious danger in their home
country. It's like house divided when it comes to parties, “Americans are divided over who they
trust to handle the immigration issue. Thirty-eight percent of the public say they most trust the
Democrats in Congress to deal with immigration issues while a nearly equal number say they
trust the Republicans in Congress.
4. "Border Enforcement, Organized Crime, and Deaths of Smuggled Migrants on the United
States - Mexico Border."
Guerette, Rob T., and Ronald V. Clarke. "Border Enforcement, Organized Crime, and Deaths of
Smuggled Migrants on the United States - Mexico Border."European Journal on
Criminal Policy and Research, vol. 11, no. 2, 2005, pp. 159-174. ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/222824
164?accountid=10163, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10609-005-6716-z.
In this source I will be able to talk about illegal immigrants entering the United States from
Mexico. “Prior to the early 1990s, the problem of illegal immigration along the U.S. and Mexico
border was relatively uncontrolled.” Also, before 1990 “immigrates from throughout Central and
South America and Mexico could travel to border towns and simply walk or run into the United
States. Once there, they would quickly disappear into U.S. towns and cities.” But in this article,
it will also show how in 1990 we did several things like increasing the number of Border Patrol
agents directly on the border, the erection of walls at heavy traffic areas, and insertion of
electronic surveillance systems. But that still isn’t enough, it also resulted in an increased
reliance on human smugglers. Still in deporting them it still didn’t work, because a good
percentage of the immigrates just come back across the border when they get dropped off. Also,
implications for future border policing strategy and research are discussed.
5. Moving Beyond Comprehensive Immigration Reform and Trump: Principles, Interests,
and Policies to Guide Long-Term Reform of the US Immigration System
Kerwin, Donald. "Moving Beyond Comprehensive Immigration Reform and Trump:
Principles, Interests, and Policies to Guide Long-Term Reform of the US Immigration
System." Journal on Migration and Human Security, vol. 5, no. 3, 2017. ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/192
8165340?accountid=10163.
“This paper introduces a special collection of 15 papers that chart a course for long-term
reform of the US immigration system. The papers look beyond recent legislative debates and
the current era of rising nationalism and restrictions to outline the elements of a forward-
looking immigration policy that would serve the nation’s interests, honor its liberal
democratic ideals, promote the full participation of immigrants in the nation’s life, and
exploit the opportunities offered by the increasingly interdependent world.” This basically
said what I was thinking but another thing in this article is that “Seventy percent of US crop
 workers were born in Mexico and 70 percent of foreign-born crop workers lack immigration
status” “Yet, not all of these considerations align with the profile of Trump supporters. One
pre-election analysis, for example, found “no clear picture between social and economic
hardship and support for Trump” and “no link whatsoever between greater exposure to trade
competition or competition from immigrant workers and support for nationalist policies in
America”
6. Election of Donald Trump and migration
Martin, Philip L. "Election of Donald Trump and Migration." Migration Letters, vol. 14, no.
1, 2017, pp. 161-171. ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/202
8852923?accountid=10163.
This source right here will tell you about what Donald Trump wanted to build the wall and
the take on how people take it. “Donald Trump campaigned on seven major issues, two of
which involved migration, viz, have the US build and Mexico pay for a wall on the 2,000-
mile Mexico-US border and deport the 11 million unauthorized foreigners in the US (Martin
1).”
7. Do state work eligibility verification laws reduce unauthorized immigration?
Orrenius, Pia M., and Madeline Zavodny. "Do State Work Eligibility Verification Laws Reduce
Unauthorized Immigration?" IZA Journal of Migration, vol. 5, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1-17.
ProQuest,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/181305
9333?accountid=10163, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40176-016-0053-3.
This source will help me expand my look on how state work eligibility verification laws will
help cut down on illegal immigration. Back in the 2000s, several states acquired laws forcing
employers to verify new employees' eligibility to work legally in the United States of
America. “This study uses data from the2005-2014 American Community Survey to examine
how such laws affect unauthorized immigrants' locational choices. The results indicate that
having an E-Verify law reduces the number of less-educated prime-age immigrants from
Mexico and Central America--immigrants who are likely to be unauthorized--living in a state
(Orrenius 1).” In the late 2000’s, multiple of these laws were aimed at cutting down the
unpermitted immigrant population. With state lawmakers claiming they were responding to
stagnation by the federal government. “In 2007, before the Great Recession, it totaled about
12.2 million and 30 % of all immigrants living in the USA (Orrenius 1).”
8. Undocumented workers in the labor market: An analysis of the earnings of legal and
illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States
Rivera-Batiz, Francisco. "Undocumented Workers in the Labor Market: An Analysis of the
Earnings of Legal and Illegal Mexican Immigrants in the United States."Journal of
Population Economics, vol. 12, no. 1, 1999, pp. 91-116. ProQuest,
 https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/230
438334?accountid=10163.
This article shows in earnings between Mexican legal and illegal immigrants in the United
States. “The analysis includes a cross-sectional examination of the wage differences between
legal and undocumented workers as well as a longitudinal analysis examining the impact of
legalization on the earnings of previously-undocumented workers. It is shown that the average
hourly wage rate of male Mexican legal immigrants in the United States was 41.8% higher than
that of undocumented workers while female legal immigrants earned 40.8% more.” Another
thing that I see that’s interesting One of the key issues surrounding undocumented workers is the
extent to which they are exploited, or discriminated against, in host country labor markets by
being paid wages that are substantially below those paid to legal workers with identical
characteristics.” The article also states that illegal immigrants get paid less than your normal and
average legal person working a job.