NSF Wireless Cities Workshop

February 2-3, 2016

5G fundamentals and
systems design

Vincent D. Park
Senior Director, Engineering

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 Mobile has made a leap every ~10 years

D-AMPS, GSM, WCDMA/HSPA+,

LTE,
AMPS, NMT, TACS IS-95 (CDMA) CDMA2000/EV-DO
LTE Advanced

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 5G will enhance existing and expand to new use cases
Smart homes/
buildings/cities

New form factors, Autonomous vehicles,

e.g. wearables and sensors object tracking

Mobile broadband, Infrastructure monitoring &

e.g. UHD virtual reality control, e.g. Smart Grid

Demanding indoor/outdoor Remote control & process

conditions, e.g. venues automation, e.g. aviation, robotics

Enhanced Mobile Broadband Wide Area Internet of Things Higher-Reliability Control

Faster, more uniform user experiences More efficient, lower cost communications Lower latency and higher reliability
with deeper coverage

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 Proposed 5G standardization for 2020 launch

5G study items

3GPP RAN workshop R15 5G R16 5G R17+

work items work Items 5G evolution

First 5G 5G
launch1 phase 2

4G evolution—LTE will evolve in parallel with 5G

Note: Estimated commercial dates; 1 Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond 4
 Enhanced mobile broadband
Ushering in the next era of immersive experiences and hyper-connectivity

3D/UHD video telepresence Tactile Internet UHD video streaming

Demanding conditions, e.g. venues Broadband ‘fiber’ to the home Virtual reality

Higher throughput Lower latency Uniform experience

multi-gigabits per second Significantly reduced e2e latency with much more capacity
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 Wide area Internet of Things
Optimizing toward the goal to connect anything, anywhere

Smart cities Smart homes Utility metering

Wearables / Fitness Remote sensors / Actuators Object tracking

Power efficient Lower complexity Longer range

Multi-year battery life Lower device and network cost Deeper coverage
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 Higher reliability control
Enabling new services with more reliable, lower latency communication links

Autonomous vehicles Robotics Energy / Smart grid

Industrial automation Aviation Medical

Higher reliability Lower latency Higher availability

Significantly reduced packet loss rate Significantly reduced e2e latency Multiple links for failure tolerance and mobility
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 Scalable across a broad variation of requirements
Deeper coverage
To reach challenging locations
Lower energy Stronger security
10+ years of battery life e.g. Health / government / financial trusted

Higher reliability
Lower complexity
Wide area <1 out of 100 million packets lost

10s of bits per second Internet of Things

Higher-reliability
Lower latency
Higher density control As low as 1 millisecond
1 million nodes per Km 2

Enhanced
Enhanced capacity
10 Tbps per Km
mobile broadband
2

Frequent user mobility

Or no mobility at all

Enhanced data rates Better awareness

Multi-Gigabits per second Discovery and optimization
Based on target requirements for the envisioned 5G use cases 8
 Natively incorporate advanced wireless technologies
Many technology enablers to meet 5G requirements and services

Hyper dense deployments

Full Self-
Configuration Low latency & more-
Massive reliable communication
Integrated access
and backhaul MIMO
Beamforming
mmWave
Advanced
Receivers V2X
Coordinated
Spatial Techniques More energy
efficient, lower
cost IoT
Across diverse Multicast communications
spectrum bands Multi-hop & D2D
and types communications
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 Natively incorporate advanced wireless technologies
Key 5G design elements across services
• Scalable to wider bandwidths
• Designed for diverse spectrum types
• Massive MIMO
Enhanced Mobile Broadband • More robust mmWave design
Faster, more uniform user experiences
• Improved network/signaling efficiency
• Native HetNets & multicast support
• Opportunistic carrier/link aggregation

Wide-Area Internet of Things Higher-Reliability Control

More efficient, lower cost communications Lower latency and more reliable links

• Lower complexity, narrower bandwidth • Lower latency bounded delay

• Lower energy waveform • Optimized PHY/pilot/HARQ
• Optimized link budget Unified Air • Multiplexing with nominal
• Decreased overheads Interface • Simultaneous, redundant links
• Managed multi-hop mesh • Grant-free transmissions

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 A new 5G unified air interface is the foundation
Diverse spectrum Diverse services and devices
Licensed, shared licensed, From wideband multi-Gbps to
and unlicensed spectrum narrowband 10s of bits per second

Spectrum bands below 1 GHz, Efficient multiplexing of higher-

1 GHz to 6 GHz, & above 6 GHz reliability and nominal traffic
(incl. mmWave)

From high user mobility

FDD, TDD, half duplex Unified air interface to no mobility at all

Device-to-device, mesh, From wide area macro to

relay network topologies indoor / outdoor hotspots

Diverse deployments

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 Diverse spectrum types and bands
From narrowband to ultra-wideband, TDD & FDD

Licensed Spectrum Shared Licensed Spectrum Unlicensed Spectrum

Cleared spectrum Complementary licensing Multiple technologies
EXCLUSIVE USE SHARED EXCLUSIVE USE SHARED USE

Below 1 GHz: longer range, massive number of things

Below 6 GHz: mobile broadband, higher reliability services

Above 6 GHz including mmWave: for both access and backhaul, shorter range

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Realizing the mmWave opportunity for mobile broadband
The enhanced mobile broadband opportunity The challenge—‘mobilizing’ mmWave
• Large bandwidths, e.g. 100s of MHz • Robustness results from high path loss and
susceptibility to blockage
• Multi-Gbps data rates
• Device cost/power and RF challenges
• Flex deployments (integrated access/backhaul) at mmWave frequencies
• Higher capacity with dense spatial reuse

mmWave

sub6Ghz

Solutions Smart beamforming & Tighter interworking Phase noise mitigation

beam tracking with sub 6 GHz in RF components
Increase coverage and Increase robustness and For lower cost, lower
minimize interference faster system acquisition power devices

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 Delivering a flexible 5G network architecture

Multi-access core network Dynamic control and user planes

Continue to evolve 4G LTE and Wi-Fi access Diverse services Such as mobility on demand and functions at edge
& devices

Flexible subscription models Modular, specialized functions

Such as one subscription for multiple devices Not to burden other network services

New business & Wide to local

subscription models area deployments

Dynamic creation of services Configurable end-to-end connectivity

Such as dynamic MVNO or tailored verticals With network and service slicing1

1 Leveraging Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) 14
 Multi-connectivity across bands & technologies
4G+5G multi-connectivity improves coverage and mobility

Urban area

5G carrier aggregation with

integrated MAC across Macro
sub-6GHz & above 6GHz

4G+5G
multimode
device 4G+5G
Small Sub-urban area
cell
4G & 5G Rural area
small cell coverage Simultaneous connectivity
across 5G, 4G and Wi-Fi

4G & 5G macro coverage

Leverage 4G investments to enable phased 5G rollout

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 Expanding multi-connectivity across devices, relays
Devices much more than end-points—integral parts of network

Multi-hop to
extend coverage Vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure
communications Device-to-device discovery
and communications

Integrated access and

backhaul, relays

Utilizing and expanding upon today’s technologies, e..g. LTE Direct, LTE Relays 16
 Support for multi-hop mesh with WAN management

Direct access
on licensed
spectrum

Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned

with uplink licensed spectrum1

Problem: uplink coverage Due to low power devices and challenging placements, e.g. in basement
Solution: managed uplink mesh Uplink data relayed via nearby devices—uplink mesh but direct downlink.
1 Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals . Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency 17
5G Architecture – U-plane requirements and architecture
Support both session (IP address) continuity and local connectivity without continuity
H-GW
− Continuity on demand depending on active services/applications and context
Support access to operator services in home PLMN or when roaming
Support offload of traffic not requiring operator services or session continuity at the L-GW V-GW
− Many applications already do not require session continuity or access to operator services S-GW
Support multi-connectivity to the 4G RAN and Wi-Fi
− Including bearer aggregation
L-GW
− Based on a multi-access core network and a single “RRM framework” within the operator network
AN
Consider a more IP-oriented approach and cloud technologies to reduce deployment costs
Incorporate Content Delivery Networks (CDN) to provide better user experience and new
services
Device

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5G Architecture – C-Plane requirements and architecture
Support same or better level of security than EPS HSS SF
− Cater for different strata ownership models
Support idle mode, i.e., an MME, to enable efficient connection establishment signaling SFSF
SKMF
− Stateful and stateless connection management
Support a more flexible C-plane deployment at the core or the edge
MME
− Session Key Management Function (SKMF) to enable a less trusted MME closer to edge
Support a wide variety of devices and applications, i.e., expansion into new verticals
− Based on separate (virtual) MME instances, optimized for different types of services L-MME
AN
Support separate credentials to enable each service (e.g., Facebook, Google, Netflix)
− Based on ability to support multiple separate credentials simultaneously
New QoE model instead of dedicated bearer management functionality
− Enable per application QoE management Device

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5G Architecture – C-plane and U-plane separation
Openflow
S11’

MME GW-C GW-U

4G U-plane and C-plane are separated only from the UE perspective

− NAS C-plane terminates in MME
− IP U-plane terminates in PGW via SGW
EPC U-plane elements include significant C-plane signaling
− E.g., PGW and SGW support GTP-C to manage the PDN connection
5G supports further separation between C-plane and U-plane
− Split of GW into separate C-plane and U-plane elements
− Interface to U-plane based on Software Defined Networking (SDN)
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 5G Architecture – Support across multiple RATs

5G will support multi-connectivity to the 4G RAN and Wi-Fi

MME S-GW
5G multi-access CN platform
− Single CN to support multiple simultaneous RATs and services
− Leverage legacy operator RAN networks for capacity and coverage
− End-to-end improved performance of 5G CN for 4G RAN
Multi-RAT access nodes (MR-AN) L-MME L-GW
− Presents a single interface towards 5G core
− Includes one or more cells for each RAT (LTE, 5G, WiFi) LTE eNB 5G AN WLAN AP

− Common OAM across RATs

− Includes interfaces for legacy UEs to connect to 4G core (not shown)

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 5G Architecture – Network and service slicing
Service provider 1 eMBB VSN MTC VSN
Service
HSS/AAA1 Manager MME P/S-GW

SME P/S-GW MNO

HSS/AAA1

SME P/S-GW
Service provider 2
Service Other VSN
HSS/AAA1 Manager
MNO MME P/S-GW
SME P/S-GW
H-MME

Service slices: L-MME L-GW

Network slices:
Common EMM Separate Virtual
Separate ESM Serving Networks
LTE eNB 5G AN WLAN AP

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