Jofkfl/s >[+vnfsf]

nflu af}l4s ;DklQ c+s M !

lrGx lgdf{0f
;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu
Jofkf/ lrGx -6]«8dfs{_
sf] kl/ro

ljZj af}l4s
;DklQ ;+u7g
 Jofkf/sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQ >[+vnfsf k|sfzgx¿M—
!= lrGx lgdf{0f M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu Jofkf/ lrGx 6]«8dfs{sf] kl/ro . ljkf]
(WIPO) sf] k|sfzg gDa/ ())
@= pko'Qm b]lvg' M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] kl/ro . ljkf]
(WIPO) sf] k|sfzg gDa/ $(* .
#= eljiosf] cfljisf/ M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu k]6G] 6 . ljkf] (WIPO) sf] k|sfzg
gDa/ (!& .
$= /rgfTds cleJolQm M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/sf]
kl/ro . ljkf] (WIPO) sf] k|sfzg gDa/ (!* -cfufdL k|sfzg_

pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ k|sfzgx¿ WIPO ljB'tLo k':ts k;nsf] www.wipo.int/ebookshop df

k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

o; lgb]l{ zsfdf ;+nUg ;"rgfx¿ Jofj;flos sfg"gL k/fdz{sf] nflu geO{ ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

dfly cfwf/e"t ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' xf] .

k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/

sfg"gn] cg'dlt lbPsf]df afx]s o; k|sfzgsf] s'g} klg efu ;jf{lwsf/ wgLsf] lnlvt
cg'dltlagf s'g} klg tl/sfn] rfx] ljB'tLo xf];\ jf ofGqLs tj/n] k'g?Tkfbg jf ;+rf/0f
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
e"ldsf

of] lgb]l{ zsf æJofkf/sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQÆ >[v+ nfsf] klxnf]
k|sfzg xf] . of] lgb]l{ zsf Jofkf/ lrGx -6]«8dfs{_ df ;dlk{t
5 h'g s'g} klg sDkgLsf] ahf/Ls/0f / Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf]
s]Gb|Lo tTj xf] .

of] lgb]l{ zsfn] Jofkfl/s cjwf/0ffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] Jofkf/ lrGx

-6]8« dfs{_ sf] af/]df JofVof ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] kx'rF
Jofjxfl/s 5 / kf7sx¿sf] a'emfO{nfO{ ;xh agfpg o;df
lbOPsf] JofVofnfO{ pbfx/0f / lrqfTds z}nLdf k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u ;+rfnsnfO{ of] lgb]l{ zsf
k|of]u ug{ pT;flxt ul/Psf] 5 lsgeg] o;sf] ;xfotfn]
pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ lrGx /0fgLltx¿nfO{ PsLs[t u/L
;Dk"0f{ Jofkf/ /0fgLltnfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;S5g\ . ljZjJofkL ?kd}
;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usdL{x¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;xL 9+un]
kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg] p2]Zon] WIPO n] kf7sx¿af6
k|fKt ;'emfj / k[i7kf]if0fnfO{ :jfut ub{5 .

of] lgb]l{ zsf /fli6«o ;+:yf tyf :yfgLo ;fem]bf/sf] ;/–;Nnfx

/ ;xof]udf cem ljsl;t ug{ ;lsG5 . o;y{ WIPO df
;Dks{ /fVg cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

sldn Ob|L;
dxflgb]{zs -WIPO_

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 ljifo;"rL
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@= Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;+/If0f ^

#= Jofkf/ lrGxsf k|sf/x¿ !%

$= Jofkf/ lrGxsf] k|of]u !&

%= Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{Gjog @!

w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

@
!= Jofkf/ lrGx -6]«8dfs{_
Jofkf/ lrGx -6]«8dfs{_ eg]sf] s] xf] < nf]uf] 6fOkM
Jofkf/ lrGx o:tf] lrGx xf] h;n] Pp6f k|lti7fgn]
pTkfbg u/]sf] j:t' jf ;]jfnfO{ csf]{ k|lti7fgn]
pTkfbg u/]sf] j:t' jf ;]jfaf6 cnUofpFb5 .
68\sf/f] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] leGg zAbx¿, cIf/x¿,
;+VofTds gDa/x¿, lrqx¿, t:jL/x¿, cfsf/, k]gu'Og k':ts lnld6]8sf] :jLs[ltdf
cfs[lt, 9fFrf, /+u, lrGx ljz]if, n]jn tyf k'gM k|sfzg ul/Psf]
;lDd>0fx¿nfO{ Jofkf/ lrGx eGg ;lsG5 . s]xL
b]zx¿df lj1fkgsf gf/fx¿nfO{ klg Jofkf/
lrGxsf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 tyf o;nfO{ /fli6«o
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] h:t} sfof{nodf btf{ klg ug]{ cIf/;lxtsf] nf]uf]6fOksf] ;lDd>0f
ul/G5 . w]/} b]zx¿n] Jofkf/ lrGxsf Go"g k/Dk/fut
9fFrfx¿ Pp6} dfq /+u, lq—cfolds lrGxx¿
-KoflsË / pTkfbgsf cfs[ltx¿_, ;'Gg ;lsg]
lrGxx¿ -cfjfh_ cyjf ;'£g ;lsg] -uGw_ x¿nfO{
klg btf{ ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . tyflk w]/} b]zx¿n]
s]nfO{ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ?kdf btf{ ug{ ;lsG5
© 1986 WWF: World Wide Fund for Nature
eGg] ;Ldf tyf dfkb08 to u/]sf 5g\ . :ki6;Fu (Formerly World Wildlife Fund)
a'em\g tyf b]Vg ;lsg] / lrqfTds lrGxx¿ ®WWF Registered Trademark Owner
h;nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;lsG5, To;nfO{ Jofkf/
lrGxsf ?kdf btf{ ug]{ ub{5g\ .
lq–cfoflds lrGx -pTkfbgsf] cfs[lt_
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#
 Jofkf/ lrGx s]–sf nflu <
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] dxTj
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] d'Vo sfd eg]sf] pke]fQmfx¿nfO{ ;fjwfgLk"js{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] / x'sf{OPsf] Jofkf/
s'g} vf; sDkgLåf/f pTkfbg ul/Psf] -rfx] Tof]
lrGx w]/} h;f] sDkgLsf] nflu d"Nojfg\ Jofkfl/s
j:t' xf];\ jf ;]jf_ sf] klxrfg u/fpg ;Sg' xf]
;DklQ dflgG5 . s]xLsf nflu Tof] cfkm"l;t ePsf]
tfls ltgLx¿n] cGo sDkgLåf/f To:t} k|sf/sf
cyjf x'ax' pTkflbt j:t' jf ;]jfnfO{ 5'§\ofpg ;DklQ dWo] ;a}eGbf d"Nojfg\ ;DklQ x'g
;lsof];\ . pkef]Qmf s'g} j:t'af6 ;Gt'i6 ePdf ;Sb5 . ljZj k|l;4 Jofkf/ lrGx h:t} sf]sfsf]nf
eljiodf klg ToxL j:t' jf ;]jfsf] k|of]u ug{ jf cfOjLPdsf] cg'dflgt d"No %) c/a 8n/eGbf
;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] x'gfn] Pp6} k|sl[ tsf] j:t'nfO{ a9L /x]sf] kfOG5 . pkef]Qmfx¿n] Jofkf/ lrGxsf]
5'§\ofpg ;Sg] ;Ifdtf x'g' h?/L 5 . ;fv, 5lj / To;sf] u'0f:t/nfO{ a9fjf lbg'sf]
;fy} cfkm\gf] ck]IffnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu To:tf]
k|lt:kwf{af6 cfk"m / cfkm\gf] pTkfbgnfO{ ldq pTkfbgsf] nflu a9L d"No ltg]{ u/]sf] x'gfn]
t'Nofpgsf] nflu Jofkf/ lrGxn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf To:tf] ePsf] xf] . To; sf/0f /fd|f] 5lj / ;fv
lgjf{x ub{5 . Jofkf/ lrGxn] sDkgLsf] ahf/ tyf ePsf Jofkf/ lrGx dflysf] :jfldTjn] sDkgLnfO{
Jofkfl/s /0fgLltdf ;xof]u ug's{ f] ;fy} pkef]Qmfsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds agfpg d2t ub{5 .
gh/df sDkgLåf/f pTkfbg u/]sf] j:t'sf] ;fv
/ 5ljnfO{ klg :yflkt ub{5 . sDkgLsf] ;fv
/ 5ljn] ljZjf; ;[hgf ub{5 . h;n] sDkgLsf]
ljZjf; dfq geO{ u|fxs;Ddsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;d[4
agfpF5 . pkef]Qmfx¿n] s'g} lglZrt Jofkf/
lrGxk|lt efjgfTds nufj /fVb5g\ . h'g lglZrt
;f}hGo M
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

u'0f:t/ jf cfsif{0fx¿df cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . IBM Deutschland GmbH

tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] Jofkf/ lrGxsf]

Jofkf/ lrGxn] sDkgLnfO{ cfkm\gf] u'0f:t/ sfod
;'/Iff lsg ug'{ k5{ <
/fVg jf To;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5
k|foM w]/} h;f] Jofkf/Lx¿n] cfkm\gf] k|lt:kwL{x¿n]
tfls To; sDkgLåf/f pTkflbt j:t' / ;f] j:t'df
pTkfbg u/]sf] j:t'af6 leGg b]vfpg Jofkf/
k|of]u ul/Psf] Jofkf/ lrGxn] ;sf/fTds
lrGxsf] k|of]usf] dxTj a'em]sf eP tfklg btf{åf/f
c;/ ldnf];\ .
To;sf] ;'/Iff ug{ ;lsg] dxTjsf] af/]df hfgsf/
5}gg\ .
$
k|rlnt Jofkf/ lrGx P]g cGtu{t ljlwjt\ btf{ slxn]sflxF pkef]Qmfx¿aLr Pp6f Voflt k|fKt
ePdf tkfO{sf] sDkgLnfO{ To:tf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ Jofkf/ lrGxn] cfly{s ;+:yfx¿af6 sf]if k|fKt
k|fKt x'G5 . h; cg';f/ tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] tkfO{sf] klg ug{ ;Sb5 lsgeg] o:tf] ;+:yfx¿n] Jofkfl/s
sDkgLåf/f pTkflbt j:t'l;t x'ax' ldNg] jf To:t} ;kmntfsf] nflu To:tf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] dxTj
lrGx k|of]u x'g] j:t'sf] laqmL ljt/0fdf /f]s a'em]sf x'G5g\ .
nufpg ;Sb5 .

Jofkf/ lrGxsf] btf{ lagf tkfO{n] ahf/df nufgL Jofkf/ lrGxx¿

ug{ vf]Hg' ePsf] s'g} j:t' v]/ hfg ;S5 . · pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] klxrfg
lsgls tkfO{sf] k|ltåGåL sDkgLn] x'ax' jf em'Sofpg] ug{ ;'lglZrt ub{5 .
vfnsf Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5 . olb s'g} · sDkgLx¿nfO{ cfkm'åf/f pTkflbt j:t'
Ps k|lt:kwL{n] To:t} jf x'ax' Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u 5'§\ofpg ;Ifd agfpF5 .
u/]df, pkef]Qmf em'Sofgdf k/L tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf] · ahf/Ls/0fsf dfWod÷;fwg x'g / sDkgLsf]
;fdfg egL k|lt:kwL{n] pTkfbg u/]sf] ;fdfg
Voflt / 5ljsf] nflu cfwf/e" :tDe x'g
vl/b u/]df o;n] tkfO{sf] sDkgLnfO{ x'g] gfkmfdf
;S5 .
x|f; dfq NofpFbg} , o;n] tkfO{sf] u|fxsnfO{ klg
· cGonfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbO{ /f]oN6Lsf] dfWodåf/f
låljwfdf kfb{5 / olb tkfO{sf] k|ltåGåL sDkgLsf]
pTkflbt j:t' lgDg k|sl[ tsf] 5 eg] o;n] tkfO{sf] k|ToIf ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;S5 . dxTjk"0f{
sDkgLsf] k|lti7f / ;fvdf klg cfFr cfpg Jofkfl/s ;DklQ xg' ;Sb5 .
;Sb5 . · d"Nojfg\ Jofj;flos ;DKlQ x'g ;Sb5 .
· pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ sfod /fVg jf j[l4
Jofkf/ lrGx olt dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls o;n] ahf/df ug{ k|f];flxt ub{5 .
tkfO{sf] sDkgLåf/f pTkflbg j:t'sf] ;kmntfnfO{ · cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 .
lgwf{/0f ub{5 . To; sf/0f Jofkf/ lrGx ;DalGwt
lgsfodf btf{ x'g h?/L 5 .

o;sf] cnfjf btf{ ePsf] Jofkf/ lrGx c?

sDkgLnfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbg ;lhnf] x'G5 h;n]
tkfO{sf] sDkgLnfO{ cfDbfgLsf] cltl/Qm ;|f]t
pknAw u/fpFb5 jf o;}sf] cfwf/df Jofkfl/s
;Demf}tf klg x'g ;Sb5 .
%
 @= Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;+/If0f Jofkfl/s gfd tkfO{+sf] Jofkf/sf] k"/f gfd xf]
pbfx/0ffy{ æJofNsdfs{ OG6/g]zgn lnld6]8Æ
tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;+/If0f s;/L gfdn] tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf] klxrfg u/fpFb5 . of]
ug{ ;Sb5 < k|fo ln=, OGs jf c? To:t} zAbdf 6'+luG5 .
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;+/If0f btf{åf/f jf s'g} b]zdf h;n] sDkgLsf] sfg"gL rl/qnfO{ lrgfpFb5 .
To;sf] k|of]uåf/f ug{ ;lsG5 . Jofkf/ lrGx
Jofkf/ lrGx rflxF Pp6f o:tf] lrGx xf] h;n]
To;sf] k|of]uåf/f ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsPtf klg Jofkf/
tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf] pTkfbgx¿nfO{ k[ys ljlzi6tf
lrGxnfO{ /fli6«o Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{nodf uO{ b]vfpF5 . Pp6f sDkgLsf] ljleGg Jofkf/ lrGx
ljlwjt\ ?kdf btf{ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 -s'g} Jofkf/ x'g ;Sb5 . pbfx/0ffy{ AofNsdfs{ OG6/g]zgn
lrGxsf sfof{nox¿df ljB'tLo btf{ kmf/fdx¿ lnld6]8n] cfkm\gf] Pp6f pTkfbg AofNsdfs{ /
pknAw 5g\_ . Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ u/]df cem a9L csf]{ /]8dfs{ eg]/ laqmL ug{ ;Sb5 . sDkgLx¿n]
;+/If0f k|fKt x'G5 . vf; u/]/ s'g} x'ax' jf cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ pTkfbg jf s'g–} s'g} vf; lsl;dsf]
låljwfo'Qm Jofkf/ lrGx ePsf] cj:yfdf o;/L pTkfbgnfO{ lrgfpg s'g} vf; lsl;dsf] Jofkf/
/x]sf] Jofkf/ lrGxn] cem a9L ;+/If0f k|bfg lrGx k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . s'g} sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf]
ub{5 . Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug]{ sfo{df To:tf] ;]jf Jofkfl/s gfd jf To;sf] s]xL c+z Jofkf/ lrGxsf]
-sltko cj:yfdf afWofTds klg x'G5_ k|bfg ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ . To; cj:yfdf
ug]{ Ph]G6x¿sf] ;]jf lnPdf ltgLx¿n] To;nfO{ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ?kdf btf{
u/fpg' kb{5 .
pkof]uL x'G5 .
Jofkf/ lrGx btf{sf nflu cfj]bg lbg sf]
s] Jofkfl/s gfd btf{ ub}{df tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf] cflwsfl/s x'G5<
nflu kof{Kt x'G5 < ;fdfGotof Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u ug{ rfxg] s'g}
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

w]/} h:tf] JolQmx¿n] cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ / Jofkfl/s klg JolQm jf s'g} t];|f] kIfaf6 k|of]udf Nofpg
gfd btf{ ub}d{ f cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ lrGx :jtM ;'/lIft rfxg]n] btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sb5 . of]
x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ ub{5g\ . of] Pp6f ;fdfGo JolQm jf sfg"gL lgsfo hf] klg x'g ;Sb5 .
e|d xf] . Jofkfl/s gfd / Jofkf/ lrGx aLrsf]
leGgtf a'em\g' h?/L 5 . sDkgLsf] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ u/fpg' s]
clgjfo{ 5<
of] clgjfo{ geP tfklg Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cglws[t
k|of]unfO{ /f]Sgsf] lglDt btf{ u/fpg' clt pko'Qm
b]lvG5 .
^
cfj]bg c:jLs[t x'gs ' f d'Vo sf/0f s]–s] x'g\ < · e|dfTds Jofkf/ lrGxM oL o:tf Jofkf/
Jofkf/ lrGx 5gf}6 ubf{ s:tf vfnsf lrGxx¿ lrGxx¿ x'g\ h;n] pkef]QmfnfO{ pTkflbt
btf{sf] nflu :jLsfo{ x'bF g} g\ eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L j:t'sf] k|sl[ t, u'0f:t/ jf ef}uf]lns pTklQsf]
/x]df Tof] ;xof]uL x'G5 . Jofkf/ lrGxsf] nflu af/]df u'd/fx kfl//x]sf x'G5g\ . pbfx/0ffy{
btf{ ePsf cfj]bgx¿ k|foMh;f] kof{Kt cfwf/df ufO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGx nufO{ ahf/Ls/0f ug{
c:jLs[t x'g] ub{5g\ . h:t} M vf]h] Tof] ;fob c:jLs[t x'g ;Sb5 .
lsgsL o;n] pkef]QmfnfO{ u'd/fxdf kfg{
· ;fwf/0f zAbfjnL M pbfx/0ffy{ olb
;Sb5 .
tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] s';L{ a]Rg] p2]Zon] s';L{
eGg] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug{ rfx]df Tof] · ;fdflhs dof{bf jf g}ltstf lj?4sf]
c:jLs[t x'g]5 lsgsL s';L{ pTkfbgsf] lrGxx¿M o:tf zAb tyf lrGxx¿ h;n]
;fwf/0f zAbfjnL xf] . g}ltstfsf] d"No / dfGotf / wd{nfO{ pNn+3g
ug]{ vfnsf 5g\ eg] To:tf] lrGxx¿
· ljj/0ffTds zAbfjnL M oL zAbfjnLx¿
;fdfGotof btf{ ul/+b}g .
k|foMh;f] Jofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} pTkflbt
j:t'sf] ljj/0f ug'{ kbf{ k|of]u ul/g] zAbfjnLx¿ · /fHo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?sf em08f,
x'g\ . pbfx/0ffy{ rsn]6sf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] c:q c+lst klxrfg, 5fk / k|lts lrGxx?,
nflu u'lnof] eGg] lrGx ljj/0ffTds ePsf] h'g WIPO sf] cGt/f{li6«o sfof{nodf
sf/0fn] c:jLs[t x'g ;Sb5 . jf:tjdf, s'g} ;';"lrt ePsf 5g\ To:tf] lrGxx¿ btf{
klg rsn]6 pTkfbsstf{nfO{ cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] x'b}gg\ .
ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu u'lnof] eGg] zAbfjnL
dfly Psflwsf/ lbg' cGofok"0f{ x'g hfG5 .
To;}u/L u'0f:t/Lo jf pQfpnf] zAbfjnL
h:t} b|t' , pQd, k/Dk/fut tyf gljgtf olb
s'g} cGo ljlzi6 lrGx h:tf zAbfjnLn]
lj/f]w ;[hgf ug{ ;Sb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
To:tf] lrGxsf] s'g} klg c+z dfly Psflwsf/
sfod ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5}g eGg] Pp6f
clgR5fkq /fVg' h?/L 5 .

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 olb s'g} Jofkf/ lrGx k"j{ :jLs[t Jofkf/ lrGxsf] tkfO{nfO{ Jofkf/ lrGx 5gf}6 ug{sf]
clwsf/l;t lj/f]wfef;L /xG5 eg] ;f]xL cfwf/df nflu kfFr a'Fb] r]slni6
To:tf] cfj]bgx¿ c:jLs[t x'g] ub{5g\ . Pp6} · tkfO{n] 5gf}6 u/]sf] Jofkf/ lrGxn] btf{sf]
k|sf/sf] pTkfbgsf] nflu x'ax' jf To;l;t nflu ;a} sfg"gL cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ub{5
ldNbf]hN' bf] Jofkf/ lrGx 5 eg] To;n] pkef]QmfnfO{ ls ub}g{ x]gx{' f];\ -cfj]bg /2 x'g] sf/0fx¿
låljwfdf kfg{ ;S5 . s]xL Jofkf/ lrGx k|bfg ug]{ k[i7 &_
sfof{nox¿n] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug]{ k|lqmofdf · ljBdfg Jofkf/ lrGx;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] jf
eO/x]sf] lrGx ;fy} btf{ gePsf k|ltli7t em'Sofpg] vfnsf] gxf];\ eGgfsf nflu Jofkf/
lrGxx¿nfO{ ;fydf /fvL btf{ k|lqmofdf g} btf{ lrGxsf] vf]hL ug'{xf];\ -k[i7 !!_
kZrft s'g} k|sf/sf] lj/f]w gcfcf];\ egL k/LIf0f · tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGx ;lhn}l;t k9\g, n]Vg,
ug]{ ub{5g\ eg] s]xLn] t];f| ] kIfaf6 To:tf] Jofkf/ pRrf/0f ug{ / ;Demg ;Sg] / ;a} vfn]
lrGxsf] k|sfzg kZrft\ bfaL lj/f]w lbPsf] cj:yfdf cfd ;+rf/ dfWoddf lj1fkg ug{ of]Uo 5
dfq k/LIf0f ug]{ ub{5g\ . olb s'g} Jofkf/ lrGx eGg] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g'xf];\ .
s'g} ljBdfg Jofkf/ lrGx jf j:t'l;t d]n vfG5 · tkfO{sf] lrGxdf tkfO{s} efiffdf jf cGo
jf em'Sofpg] k|sf/sf] 5 eg] To:tf] lrGx /2 jf efiff hxfF lgof{tsf] ;Defjgf a9L /x]sf] 5
c:jLs[t x'G5 . låljwfo'Qm jf x'ax' lsl;dsf] To;df cGoyf cy{ nfUg] efiffsf] k|of]u
Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u gug'{ g} a'l4dQfk"0f{ x'G5 . ePsf] 5 ls 5}g Wofg lbg'xf];\ .
· btf{sf] nflu OG6/g]6 7]ufgf pknAw 5 ls
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ jf lgdf{0f ubf{ s] 5}g Wofg lbg'xf];\ . -Jofkf/ lrGx tyf
s'/fdf ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 < OG6/g]6 7]ufgfsf] gfdsf] ;DaGwdf
Jofkf/ lrGx tkfO{sf] Joj;fosf] ahf/Ls/0f k[i7 !(_
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

/0fgLltsf] dxTjk"0f{ tTj ePsf] x'gfn] Jofkf/

lrGxsf] 5gf}6 jf lgdf{0f Pp6f ;+jb] gzLn v'8l\ snf] Ps jf ;f] eGbf a9L zAbsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ o;n]
xf] . tkfO{+sf] pTkflbt j:t'sf] nflu s'g rflxF s:tf] lsl;dsf] k|efj kfb{5 eGg] ljifotkm{ klg
Jofkf/ lrGx pko'Qm x'G5 < o;sf nflu To:tf] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
s'g} afWofTds lgod geP tfklg tn lbPsf] kfFr
a'Fbf tkfO{+sf] nflu pkof]uL x'g ;Sb5 .

*
· agfj6L jf æe8\lsnfÆ zAbx¿ . oL
zAbx¿ agfOPsf x'G5g\, h;sf] s'g} tflTjs jf · ;'emfjd'ns lrGxM oL o:tf lrGx x'g h;n]
jf:tljs cy{ x'b}gg\ . agfj6L zAbx¿ g};lu{s s'g} pTkfbgsf] Ps jf s]xL u'0fsf] af/]df ;'emfj
?kdf 5'§} klxrfg x'g ;Sg] x'gfn] of] ;lhn} ub{5 . ;'emfjd"ns lrGx lj1fkgsf] :j?kdf
l;t ;'/lIft x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf /xg ;Sb5 . sfd ub{5 . tyflk s]xL b]zx¿n] ;'emfjd"ns
tyflk o;sf] gsf/fTds kIfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] lrGxnfO{ s'g} pTkfbgsf] ljj/0ffTds lrGxsf]
pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ oL zAbx¿ ;lDem/xg sl7g kb{5 ?kdf u|x0f ub{5g\ .
h:n] ubf{ o:tf pTkfbgsf] lj1fkg ubf{ 7"nf]
k|of; vlr{g' kb{5 . pbfx/0ffy{ M ljB'tLo lx6/sf] ahf/Ls/0fsf]
nflu NofPsf] Jofkf/ lrGx ;gLn] To; pTkfbgn]
pbfx/0fsf] nflu 3/ tftf] tyf Gofgf] agfpg] tkm{ O+lut ub{5 .
tyfkL Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug]{ s]xL sfof{non]
sf]8fs Oi6d]g sDkgLsf] j}wflgs
o;nfO{ a9L ljj/0ffTds ;DemL btf{ gug{ klg
Jofkf/ lrGx xf]
;Sb5 .

tkfO{n] h:tf] ;'s} Jofkf/ lrGx 5gf}6 u/]tf klg

ljBdfg rng rNtLdf /x]sf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf]
gSsn gug'{ g} /fd|f] x'G5 . s'g} k|lt:kwL{n] k|of]u
;f}hGo M Oi6d]g sf]8fs sDkgL u/]sf] Jofkf/ lrGxnfO{ ;fdfGo kl/jt{g u/]df jf
k|l;4 lrGxnfO{ unt lsl;dn] pNn]v u/]df
· :j]R5frf/L lrGxM oL o:tf zAbx¿ x'g\ To:tf] lrGx btf{ gx'g ;S5 .
h;sf] lj1fkg ul/Psf j:t'l;t s'g} ;DaGw
/fVb}g . o:tf lrGxx¿ ;+/If0f ug{ ;lhnf] eP pbfx/0ffy{ M EASY WEAR o'jfx¿n] klx/g
tfklg pkef]Qmfsf] dfg;k6ndf of] lrGx / ug]{ n'ufsf] k+lhs[t Jofkf/ lrGx xf] . olb tkfO{
pTkfbgsf] ;DaGw ;[hgf ug{sf] nflu k|r/" dfqfdf o:t} jf o; klx/g;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] klx/g
lj1fkg cfjZostf kb{5 . EEZYWARE sf] gfdaf6 laqmL ug{ rfxg' x'G5
eg] Tof] a'l4dtfk"0f{ sfo{ x'bg} . o:tf] gfd ljBdfg
pbfx/0ffy{M df]jfOn kmf]gsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu rngrNtLdf /x]sf] gfd ldNbf]hN' bf] / låljwfo'Qm
xfQL c+lst Jofkf/ lrGx x'g] x'gfn] of] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ gx'g ;Sb5 .

(
 Jofkf/ lrGxsf] r/0fa4 btf{ ;f/e"t hfFrM s]xL b]zx¿sf Jofkf/ lrGx btf{
lgj]bs ug]{ sfof{nox¿n] tkfO{sf] cfj]bgn] ;f/jfg
klxnf] r/0fdf tkfO{n] ljlwjt\ ?kdf Jofkf/ lrGx cfjZostf -cyf{t Jofkf/ lrGx s'g} To:tf] ju{df
btf{sf] cfj]bg kmd{ e/L a'emfpg' kg]{ 5 . To; kb{5 h'g Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfg"gåf/f lgif]lwt
cfj]bg kmd{df tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf] ljj/0f, ;Dks{ ul/Psf] 5 / To:tf] Jofkf/ lrGx ljBdfg rng
7]ufgf, lrGxsf] lrqfTds k|:t'lt -o;sf] nflu rNtLdf /x]sf] csf]{ s'g} Jofkf/ lrGx;Fu
s'g} lglZrt gd"gf rflxg klg ;Sb5_ / s'g lj/f]wfef;o'Qm 5 ls 5}g_ hfFr ub{5 .
rflxF Jofkf/sf] nflu Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug{ rfx]sf]
xf] To:tf] ;fdfg / ;]jf jf ju{x¿sf] ljj/0f / k|sfzg / lj/f]wM w]/}h;f] b]zx?df t];|f]
tf]lsPsf] btf{ z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
kIfnfO{ bfaL lj/f]wsf] lglZrt ;do;Ldf ;lxt
Jofkf/ lrGxnfO{ a'n]l6g jf klqsfdf k|sfzg
:d/0f /xf];\ ls s]xL Jofkf/ lrGxsf sfof{nox¿
-h:t} cd]l/sf / Sofgf8f_ n] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ul/G5 . c? s]xL b]zx?df eg] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{
k|of]usf] k|df0f jf To:tf] Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u eP kl5 dfq k|sflzt ug]{ ul/G5 . o;/L k|sfzg
ug]{ dgzfosf] 3f]if0ffsf] k|df0f klg dfUg ubf{ s]xL kof{Kt ;dofjlw tf]lsPsf] x'G5 h;
;Sb5 . ;DalGwt Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{non] cGt{ut btf{pk/ bfjL lj/f]wsf nflu lgj]bg lbg
btf{ k|lqmof af/] cem a9L 7f]; ;"rgf ;lsG5 .
pknAw u/fpg ;Sb5 .
btf{ M c:jLs[t x'g' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f geP kl5
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{no Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ul/G5 . o;/L Jofkf/ lrGx btf{
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{non] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ubf{sf] eO{ ;s]kl5 btf{sf] k|df0f–kq pknAw u/fOG5
cj:yfdf ckgfOg] k|lqmofx¿ b]zl} kR5] km/s x'g
h'g ;fdfGot !) jif{sf] nflu j}w x'G5 .
;Sb5 . tyflk ;du| ?kdf x]bf{ btf{ k|lqmof
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

k|foM ;dfg k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ .

gjLs/0f M cfjZos gjLs/0f btf{ z'Ns a'emfP
cf}krfl/s hfFrM Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{non] kZrft\ lrGx ;w}s+ f] nflu gjLs/0f x'G5 . tyflk
tkfO{sf] cfj]bgn] k|zf;lgs cfjZostfx¿ jf olb s'g} Jofkf/ lrGx k|rlnt Jofkf/ lrGxsf]
cf}krfl/stf k"/f u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g egL hfFr sfg"g cGtu{t s]xL lglZrt ;do ;Ldfleq s'g}
ub{5 . -cyf{t\ cfj]bg b:t'/ a'emfOPsf] 5 ls j:t' jf ;]jfdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5}g eg] To:tf]
5}g / cfj]bg ;xL 9+un] ePsf] 5 ls 5}g To;sf] cj:yfdf Jofkf/ lrGxsf] btf{ k"0f{ ?kdf vf/]hL
hfFr ub{5_ x'g ;Sb5 .

!)
Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug{ slt ;do nfUb5 < § sDkgLn] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug]{ k|lqmofdf
Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug{sf] nflu b]z} lkR5] km/s Jofj;flos Jofkf/ lrGxsf Ph]G6x¿sf]
;do nfUg ;Sb5 . olb Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ug]{ k|of]u u/]df yk vr{ nfUg ;Sb5 . o;f]
sfof{nosf] uDeL/ k/LIf0fkl5 Jofkf/ lrGxsf] btf{ eP tfklg o;n] btf{ k|lqmofdf ;do /
;fwf/0ftof # dlxgfb]lv @ jif{;Dd nfUg] phf{sf] art x'g] ub{5 .
ub{5 . tkfO{sf] j:t'sf] lj1fkg / ;DalGwt tkfO{n] 5gf}6 u/]sf] Jofkf/ lrGx cGo
pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{sf] nflu Jofkf/ k+hLs[t Jofkf/ lrGxl;t lj/f]wfef; 5 ls 5}g
lrGxsf] btf{sf] cfj]bg clu|d ?kdf g} u/L eg]/ s;/L kQf nufpg] < Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]h
btf{nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg' pko'Qm x'g]5 . eg]sf] s] xf] <
Jofkf/ lrGx btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg a'emfpg' cl3
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] lgdf{0f, To;sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]udf Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]h ul/;s]sf] x'gk' b{5 . tkfO{n]
s] slt vr{ nfUb5 < k|of]udf Nofpg rfxg' ePsf] Jofkf/ lrGx jf
To:t};Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] Jofkf/ lrGx c? s'g}
§ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] lgdf{0f / To;sf] btf{sf]
sDkgLåf/f x'ax' jf To:t} pTkflbt j:t'df k|of]u
nflu s] slt vr{ nfUb5 eGg] s'/f Wofgdf ug{sf] nflu btf{ eO;s]sf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] p2]Zon]
/fvL ;f]xL cg';f/ cfkmgf] ah]6 to Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]h ug]{ ul/G5 .
ug'{k5{ .
§ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] nf]uf]sf] lgdf{0f jf Jofkf/ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]h tkfO{ cfkm}+n] jf Jofkf/
lrGxsf] ?kdf k|oQ' m x'g] zAbsf] lgdf{0fsf] lrGxsf] sfo{df sfo{/t Ph]G6x¿sf] ;]jf lng
;Sg' x'G5 . To:tf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]h tkfO{dWo]
nflu w]/} h;f] sDkgLn] o:tf] sfdsf] nflu
s;}n] tkfO{sf] /fli6«o Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{no
aflx/L ;xof]u lng] x'gfn] o;df vr{ nfUg -h'g lgMz'Ns jf s]xL b:t'/ lt/]/_ jf Jofj;flos
;Sb5 . ?kdf Jofkf/ lrGxsf] tYofª\s ;~rfng ug]{
§ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]hL sfo{ ;+rfng ubf{ sfof{noaf6 pknAw x'g ;Sb5 . h'g;'s} tl/sfn]
vr{ nfUg ;Sb5 -tn x]g'{xf];\_ vf]h u/] klg To:tf] vf]h k|f/lDes dfq} xf] eGg]
§ btf{ k|lqmofdf vr{ nfUg ;Sb5, h'g b]z s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kb{5 . tkfO{n] 5gf}6 ug'e{ Psf]
/ pTkflbt j:t'sf] ju{ -jf Jofkf/ lrGx Jofkf/ lrGx ljBdfg cj:yfdf j}wflgs /x]sf]
>]0fL k[i7 !! x]g'{xf];\_ cg';f/ km/s x'g k~hLs[t Jofkf/ lrGxl;t ldNbf]hN' bf] 5 ls 5}g
;Sb5 . tkfO{sf] b]zsf] /fli6«o Jofkf/ egL lgSof}{n ug'{ ufx|f] x'G5 . To;}n] oxfFlg/
lrGxsf] sfof{non] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ ubf{ cg'ejL Jofkf/ lrGxsf Ph]G6 hf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf]
nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{sf] nfut pknAw u/fpg sof{nosf] sfdl;t / cbfntsf] lg0f{ox¿l;t
hflgkmsf/ / kl/lrt /xG5g\ ltgLx¿sf] ;/;Nnfx
;Sb5 .
lng' Hofb} g} pkof]uL x'G5 .
!!
 Ph]G6sf] ;dIf hfg' cl3 tkfO{sf] /fli6«o Jofkf/ Jofkf/ lrGx j:t' jf ;]jfsf] cfwf/df juL{s[t
lrGxsf] sfof{no -jf Jofj;flos 8f6fj]z sDkgL_n] ul/Psf] x'G5 . -o;sf] nflu cg';r" L III df /x]sf]
k|f/lDes vf]h ug{sf] nflu tkfO{nfO{ lgMz'Ns cGt/f{li6«o juL{s/0f k|0ffnL x]g'{xf];\_ tkfO{n]
ljB'tLo -cgnfO{g_ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] tYofª\s vf]hsf] $% j6f Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ju{l;tsf]
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 ls 5}g Tof] x]g'{ h?/L kl/roaf6 k|f/De ug'{xf];\ .
x'G5 . Jofkf/ lrGxsf] tYofª\ssf] ;"rL WIPO
sf] j]e;fO{{6 df pknAw 5 .

Jojl:yt juL{s[t k|0ffnL pbfx/0ffy{ M

w]/} h;f] b]zx¿df Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cfj]bg kmf/fd pTkflbt j:t'x¿ s;/L juL{s[t x'G5g\ < o;sf]
ebf{ s'g j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] nflu Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ nflu Pp6f pbfx/0f x]/f}+ . olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn]
ug{ rfx]sf] xf] ;f] ;d]t v'nfO{ ;f]xL cg'?k rSs' tyf sfF6f pTkfbg ub{5 eg] tkfO{sf] Jofkf/
To;sf] juL{s/0f ;d]t ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . o;n] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cfj]bg ju{ * df /x]sf] j:t';Fu
lrGxsf] juL{s/0f k|0ffnL cGtu{tsf] ju{nfO{ Olª\ut x'g'kb{5 . tyflk, tkfO{ oL ;fdfgsf] cnfjf
ub{5 Jofkf/ lrGxsf] juL{s/0f k|0ffnLn] k~hLs[t efG;fdf k|of]u x'g] efF8f at{g -h:t}M 8]SrL, s/fO{,
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] tYofª\s / ;f] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] tfKs]_ klg ;f]xL Jofkf/ lrGx cGtu{t g} k|of]u
s'g} j:t' jf ;]jfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ Jojl:yt ?kn] ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg] Tof] lrGx ju{ @! cGtu{t d]n
;'/lIft ug]{ ub{5 . o;n] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] 8f6fj]z vfg] ;fdfg cGtu{t btf{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . sltko
jf ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;lhnf] agfpFb5 . s'g p2]Zosf] b]zx¿df k|To]s pTkfbgsf] nflu km/s–km/s
nflu tkfO{ cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u ug{ rfxg'xG' 5 cfj]bg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 eg] cGo b]zx¿df Pp6}
o;sf] nflu ;a} ju{df tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGx btf{ cfj]bgn] klg w]/} ju{nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sb5 .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

ug{ h?/L 5 . Jofks ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] o:tf]

juL{s/0f k|0ffnL cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ lrGx juL{s/0f
k|0ffnL xf] . h; cGtu{t j:t'x¿sf] nflu #$ j6f
ju{ / ;]jfx¿sf] nflu !! j6f ju{x¿ juL{s[t
5g\ . Nice Classification k|0ffnLsf] af/]df a9L
hfgsf/L lng rfx]df k|l/lzi6f+s III af6 lng
;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu x]g'{xf];\M www.wipo.int/
classifications/en/nice/about/

!@
Jofkf/ lrGx cfj]bg btf{ ug{sf] nflu Jofkf/ lrGxsf
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] /rgfdf aflx/L ;xof]u
sfd ug]{ Ph]G6sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 <
;fdfGo lgodfg';f/ w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df Jofkf/ Jofkf/ lrGx /rgf ug'{ Pp6f l;h{gzLn sfo{
lrGxsf] cfj]bg btf{ ug{sf] nflu To:tf] Ph]G6sf] xf] . w]/} h;f] b]zdf /rgfsf/n] cfkm"n] l;h{gf
cfjZostf kb}g{ . cfj]bg tkfO{ cfkm}n] btf{ ug{ u/]sf] s'g} l;hg{zLn jf snfTds sfo{ dflysf]
;Sg'x'G5 . tyflk To:tf] Ph]G6sf] ;]jf lnPdf ;jf{lwsf/ :jtM p;} dfly /xG5 . To;}n] olb
tkfO{sf] ;do art x'g ;Sb5 lsgeg] oL s'g} Jofkf/ lrGxsf] /rgf ubf{ aflx/L ;xof]u
Ph]G6x¿ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] vf]hL ug]{ sfo{df bIf lnPsf] 5 eg] To:tf /rgfsf/l;t ;Demf}tf ubf{
x'gs
' f] ;fy} Jofkf/ lrGx btf{sf] lj:t[t sfo{ljlwsf] ;jf{lwsf/sf] :jfldTjsf] ;jfnnfO{ :ki6;Fu
af/]df hflgkmsf/ x'G5g\ . logLx¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;Demf}tfdf Jojl:yt ug'{kb{5 jf Jofkf/ lrGxsf]
tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGx pko'Qm Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;jf{lwsf/ tkfO{sf] sDkgLdf lglxt /x]sf] s'/fnfO{
ju{x¿df btf{ eO{ ;'/lIft x'g'sf] ;fy} cfj]bg lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
c:jLs[t x'gaf6 klg aRb5 . olb ljb]zdf Jofkf/
lrGx btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg rfxg' x'G5 eg] s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] b]zdf btf{ ug'{ePsf] Jofkf/
To; cj:yfdf ;DalGwt b]zsf] Jofkf/ lrGxdf lrGx cGt/f{li6«o :t/df klg j}w x'G5 <
sfd ug]{ Ph]G6sf] cfjZostf kg{ ;Sb5 .
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] btf{ kZrft\ k|fKt x'g] sfg"gL
olb o:tf] Ph]G6sf] cfjZostf k5{ eg] ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|foM btf{ ePs} /fi6«df ;Lldt /xG5 .
af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{no -kl/lzi6f+s II x]gx{' f];_\ olb tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGx k|ltli7t 5}g eg]
n] tkfO{nfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx / cflwsfl/s ?kdf tkfO{sf] b]zdf btf{ ePsf] Jofkf/ lrGxn] tkfO{s}
;"lrs[t To:tf bfnfx¿sf] ;"lr pknAw ug{
b]zdf dfq To; ;DaGwL clwsf/ k|bfg ub{5 .
;Sb5 .
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s'g} sDkgL jf JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ /x]sf] Jofkf/ s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ lrGx c? sDkgLnfO{
lrGxnfO{ Psflwsf/ gfdsf] ?kdf Jojxf/ u/L cg'1fkg (Licenced) ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cltqmd0f egL Jojxf/ ug]{ Jofkf/ lrGx cGo sDkgLx¿nfO{ cg'1fkg ug{
ub{5g\ . olb of] eof] eg] tkfO{sf] Joj;fon] ;lsG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf Jofkf/ lrGxsf] wgLn]
Psflwsf/ gfd x:tfGt/0f jf /2 ug's { f] ;fy} 7"nf] :jfldTj ;'/lIft /fVb} cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] Ps
Iflt jf hl/jfgf ltg'k{ g]{ x'G5 . To;}n] Psflwsf/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L sDkgLnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;xdlt lbg
gfd 5gf}6 ubf{ cGo sDkgLsf] Jofkf/ lrGx / ;Sb5 . o:tf] sfo{ /f]oN6Lsf] e'QmfgLsf] ;DaGwdf
vf; u/L k|ltli7t Jofkf/ lrGx gk/f];\ eGg] ul/G5 / o;df Jofkf/ lrGxsf] dflnssf] ;+nUgtf
s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbg' k5{ . /xG5 . h'g cf}krfl/s cg'1fkgsf] ;Demf}tfdf
lglb{i6 x'G5 .

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 ;xdltsf] cfwf/df cg'1fkg k|bfg ug]{ JolQmn] h;n] NANDO's xf]6nsf] ;kmntfnfO{ ;xof]u
lglZrt u'0f:t/ sfod /x]f;\ eGg] k|Tofe"ltsf] nflu ul//x]sf] x'G5 h;df ;'Vvf vfgf ksfpg] ljlw,
cg'1fkg k|fKt ug]{ JolQm pk/ s]xL xb;Dd cfkm\gf] sd{rf/Lsf] kf]zfssf] 9fFrf, Kofs]lhËsf] 9fFrf,
lgoGq0f /fVb5 . Joj:yfkg / n]vf k|0ffnL ;dfj]z x'G5 . NANDO's
n] cfkm\gf] Jofkfl/s lgodnfO{ cfkm\gf] 1fg /
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cg'1fkg a[xt cg'1fkgsf] ;Demf}tfdf cg'ej k|bfg u/L :yfgLo Jofkfl/s l6ddfly
k|bfg ug]{ k|rng 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu Jofkfl/s ;'k/Lj]If0f / lgoGq0fsf] clwsf/ /fVb5 . Jofkfl/s
;Demf}tf jf cGo af}l4s ;DklQ h:t}M k]6]G6 / ;Demf}tfsf] ckl/xfo{ tTjsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ tL
s'g} j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] nflu k|bfg ul/g] k|fljlws Jofkfl/s lgudx¿n] NANDO's sf] Jofkf/ lrGx
;xfotf . k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt ub{5g\ .

Jofkf/ lrGx ;Demf}tfn] Jofkf/ lrGxl;t s]

ug'{kb{5 <
Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cg'1fkg Jofkfl/s ;Demf}tfsf]
s]Gb|ljGb' xf] . Jofkfl/s ;Dem}ftfpk/ Jofkf/
lrGxsf] dflnssf] lgoGq0f ;fdfGo tyf :t/Lo
Jofkf/ lrGx cg'1fkgsf] ;Demf}tf eGbf a9L
x'G5 . Jofkf/Ls/0f ubf{ Jofkf/Ln] Pp6f lgwf{l/t
ljlw / Ifltk"lt{ jf /f]oN6Lsf] abnfdf s'g} csf]{
Nando's Group Holdpings Ltd.sf] ;f}hGo
JolQmnfO{ p;sf] cfkm\g} tl/sfn] -Jofkf/ lrGx
pkef]Qmfsf] ;]jf ;km\jo] / k;nsf] ;hfj6 cflb s] tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf] Jofkf/ lrGx csf]{
;lxt_ Jofkf/ ug{ cg'dlt lbG5 . sDkgLnfO{ laqmL ug{ jf cg'alGwt ug{ s'g} k|sf/sf]
aGb]h 5 <
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

pbfx/0ffy{ M s'g} Pp6f xf]6nn] NANDO'S Jofkf/sf] :jfldTj Jofkf/ lrGxdf /x]sf] x'G5 eg]
gfds Jofkf/ lrGxsf] clwgdf /xL s'v'/fsf] To:tf] Jofkf/ lrGxnfO{ :jtGqtfk"j{s laqmL jf
df;'hGo kl/sf/ a]Rg] ub{5 . o;n] ubf{ of] cg'alGwt ug{ ;lsG5 . olb Jofkf/ lrGx laqmL
pTkfbgsf] tof/L / laqmL ug{ Pp6f k4ltsf] jf cg'alGwt ul/G5 eg] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk jf
ljsf; u/L pTkfbg 7"nf] dfqfdf / Ps ?ktfdf To;sf] s]xL c+z Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{nodf
laqmL eO/xG5 . h'g k4ltnfO{ xf]6nn] c+lusf/ bflvnf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
u/]sf] 5, To;df w]/} lgof]uL ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\

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s] Jofkf/ lrGxdf ul/g] ;fgfltgf ;+zf]wgnfO{ $= Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{Gjog
btf{ ug'{ h?/L 5 < tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGx cGo sf]xLn] cglws[t
w]/} Jofkf/ lrGx tyf k|l;4 Jofkf/ lrGxx¿ ta/af6 k|of]u u/L /x]sf 5g\ eg] tkfO{sf]
cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf] lrqnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{sf] Joj;fon] s] ug{'kb{5<
nflu jf lj1fkgsf] gofF k4ltdf cfkm"nfO{ 9fNgsf] Jofkf/ lrGx sfof{Gjog gu/fpg] ef/ Jofkf/
lglDt s]xL ;do otf cfP/ xNsf ?kdf kl/jt{g lrGxsf] wgLdf lglxt /xG5 . tkfO{sf] sDkgLnfO{
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . lrGxnfO{ kl/jt{g jf cEo:t ug{ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] :jfldTj ePsf] x'gfn] tkfO{sf]
;lsG5 t/ o; ;DaGwdf tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cltqmd0fsf] klxrfg u/L cfkm\gf]
;fjwfgLk"js{ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] sfof{nox¿ jf ;Ifd Jofkf/ lrGxsf] clwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpgsf]
Jofkf/ lrGxsf Ph]G6l;t ;Dks{ u/L To:tf] nflu s] s:tf] pkfo ckgfpg' kg]{ xf] ;f] sDkgLn]
;+zf]wg ubf{ gofF cfj]bg / tT;DaGwL b:t'/ lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
nfUg] jf gnfUg] egL k/fdz{ ug'{k5{ .
olb tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGxnfO{ s;}n] cltqmd0f
ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 eg] To; cj:yfdf
ljz]if1sf] ;Nnfx lng' pko'Qm x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdf
af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ sfg"g Joj;foLn]
tkfO{sf] b]zdf / l5d]sL b]zdf /x]sf] ljBdfg
1900 1904 1909 1930 j}slNks pkfosf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbG5g\ . ;fy}
o:tf] cltqmd0fsf/L / hfn;fhL ug]{ JolQm lj?4
s:tf] sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] ;d]tsf]
1948 1955 1961 1971
hfgsf/L lbO{ tkfO{sf] clwsf/nfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog
ug]{ eGg] af/]df klg ;Nnfx lbg ;S5g\ .

olb tkfO{nfO{ tkfO{sf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cltqmd0f

1995 1999
eO/x]sf] 5 eg] tkfO{n] To:tf] tyfslyt
cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{ Jofkf/ lrGxsf] cltqmd0f ePsf]
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lrGxdf sfo{/t sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ;xof]u lng'
;xof]uL / pko'Qm /xG5 .
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5 egL 7fGb5 / To:tf] cltqmd0f ePsf] :yfg ;xhLs/0faf6 klg k|efjsf/L ?kaf6 ug{
yfxf 5 eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] sfg"g ;lsG5 . dWo:ytf a9L cf}krfl/s geO{ 5f]6f]
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s'g} k"j{ ;"rgf ljgf 5fkf dfg{ ;Sg' x'G5 . sfof{Gjog ug{ klg ;lhnf] x'G5 . ;xhLs/0fsf]
Pp6f kmfObf s] xf] eg] ljjfb lg/f]k0f k|lqmofdf
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sf]–sf] JolQmx¿ ;+nUg 5g\ / ltgLx¿sf] ljt/0fsf]
/ ;xhLs/0fsf] af/]df cem a9L ;"rgf rfx]df
dfWod s] lyof] egL To:tf JolQm / dfWodsf]
wipo dWo:ytf tyf ;xhLs/0f s]Gb|sf] j]e;fO{6
klxrfg u/fpg cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{ Goflos
ww.arbiter.wipo.int x]g'{xf];\ .
clwsf/Lx¿n] afWo kfg{ ;Sb5g\ . Goflos
clwsf/Ln] tkfO{sf] cg'/f]wdf To:tf] ;fdfg /
j:t'x¿ s'g} Ifltk"lt{ ljgf gi6 ug{ jf Jofkf/sf]
kl/lweGbf aflx/ nuL kmfNg cfb]z lbg ;S5 .
gSsnL Jofkf/ lrGx ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] cfoftnfO{
/f]Sg Jofkf/ lrGxsf wgLx¿sf nflu w]/} h;f]
b]zx¿df ltgLx¿sf] /fli6«o eG;f/ clwsf/Lx¿af6
/f]syfdsf pkfox¿ pknAw ug{ ;lsG5 . Jofkf/
lrGxsf] wgLsf] x}l;otn] tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] To:tf
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

gSsnL ;fdfgx¿ ;DalGwt b]zdf ljt/0f x'g'

k"j{ eG;f/ clwsf/Lx¿sf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg'
x'G5 . eG;f/sf] ;xof]u lnFbf tkfO{n] tf]lsPsf]
z'Ns a'emfpg'kg]{ x'G5 / o;sf] nflu tkfO{n]
;DalGwt eG;f/ clwsf/Lx¿l;t ;Dks{ /fVg'
kg]{ x'G5 .

@@
kl/lzi6f+s I pkof]uL j]e;fO6x?

lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM

• intellectual property issues from a business perspective

www.wipo.int/sme

• trademarks in general

wwwwipoint/about-ip

www.inta.org (International Trademark Association)

• the practical aspects relating to the registration of trademarks see Annex II or

wwwwipoin t/directory/en/urls.jsp

• Madrid system for the International Registration of Marks

wwwwipo.int/madrid

• International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration
of Marks under the Nice Agreement

www.wipo.int/dassifications (under Nice Agreement)

• International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks under the Vienna

Agreement

www.wipo.int/classifications (under Vienna Agreement)

• the conflict between trademarks and domain names and on alternative dispute resolution
procedures for domain names

www.arbiter.wipo.int/domains www.icann.org.

A list of the online trademark databases maintained by industrial property offices throughout
the world is available at www.arbiter.wipo.int/trademark

@#
 kl/lzi6f+s II OG6/g]6 7]ufgfx?
National and Regional Intellectual Property Offices

African Intellectual Property Organization www.oapi.wipo.net

Algeria www.inapi.org
Albania www.alpto.gov.al
Andorra www.ompa.ad
Argentina www.inpi.gov.ar
Armenia www.armpatent.org
Australia www.ipaustralia.gov.au
Austria www.patent.bmvit.gv.at
Bahrain www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa/bahrainframe.htm
Barbados www.caipo.org
Belarus www.belgospatent.org/english/about/history.html
Belgium www.mineco.fgov.be
Belize www.belipo.bz
Benelux www.boip.int
Benin www.oapi.wipo.net
Bolivia www.senapi.gov.bo
Botswana www.aripo.org
Brazil www.inpi.gov.br
Bulgaria www.bpo.bg
Burkina Faso www.oapi.wipo.net
Burundi www.oapi.wipo.net
Cambodia www.moc.gov.kh
Cameroon www.oapi.wipo.net
Canada www.opic.gc.ca
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

Central African Republic www.oapi.wipo.net

Chad www.oapi.wipo.net
Chile www.dpi.cl
China www.sipo.gov.cn
China (Hong Kong -SAR) www.ipd.gov.hk
China (Macao) www.economia.gov.mo
China (Marks) www.saic.gov.cn
Colombia www.sic.gov.co
Congo www.oapi.wipo.net
Costa Rica www.registronadonal.go.cr

@$
Cote d'lvoire www.oapi.wipo.net
Croatia www.dziv.hr
Cuba www.ocpi.cu
Cyprus www.mdt.gov.cy/mcit/drcor/drcor.nsf
Czech Republic www.upv.cz
Democratic Republic of the Congo www.oapi.wipo.net
Denmark www.dkpto.dk
Dominican Republic www.seic.gov.do/onapi
Egypt www.egypo.gov.eg
El Salvador www.cnr.gobs.sv
Estonia www.epa.ee
Eurasian Patent Office www.eapo.org
European Union (Office for Harmonization
in the Internal Market -OHIM) www.oami.eu.int
Finland www.prh.fi
France www.inpi.fr
Gabon www.oapi.wipo.net
Gambia www.aripo.org
Georgia www.sakpatenti.org.ge
Germany www.dpma.de
Ghana www.aripo.org
Greece www.obi.gr
Honduras www.sic.gob.hn/pintelec/indice.htm
Hungary www.mszh.hu/english/index.html
Iceland www.patent.is/focal/webguard.nsf/key2/indexeng.html
India www.ipindia.nic.in
Indonesia www.dgip.go.id
Ireland www.patentsoffice.ie
Israel www.justice.gov.il
Italy www.uibm.gov.it
Jamaica www.jipo.gov.jm
Japan www.jpo.go.jp
Jordan www.mit.gov.jo
Kazakhstan www.kazpatent.org/eng/ish
Kenya www.aripo.org
Kuwait www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
Lao People's Democratic Republic www.stea.la.wipo.net

@%
 Latvia www.lrpv.lv
Lebanon www.economy.gov.Ib
Lesotho www.aripo.org
Liechtenstein www.european-patent-office.org
Lithuania www.vpb.lt
Luxembourg www.etat.lu/ec
Malawi www.aripo.org
Malaysia www.mipc.gov.my
Mali www.oapi.wipo.net
Mexico www.impi.gob.mx
Monaco www.european-patent-office.org/patlib/country/monaco
Montenegro www.yupat.sv.gov.yu
Morocco www.ompic.org.ma
Mozambique www.aripo.org
Namibia www.aripo.org
Nepal www.ip.np.wipo.net
Netherlands www.octrooicentrum.nl
New Zealand www.iponz.govt.nz
Niger www.oapi.wipo.net
Norway www.patentstyret.no
Oman www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
Panama www.digerpi.gob.pa
Peru www.indecopi.gob.pe
Philippines www.ipophil.gov.ph
Poland www.business.gov.pl/lntellectual,property,protection,90.html
Portugal www.inpi.pt
Qatar www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
Republic of Korea www.kipo.go.kr
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

Republic of Moldova www.agepi.md

Romania www.osim.ro
Russian Federation www.rupto.ru
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 196.7.161.62/govt/dpo/index.asp
Saudi Arabia www.gulf-patent-office,org.sa
Senegal www.oapi.wipo.net
Serbia www.yupat.sv.gov.yu
Sierra Leone www.aripo.org
Singapore www.ipos.gov.sg

@^
Slovak Republic www.indprop.gov.sk
Slovenia www.uil-sipo.si/Default.htm
Somalia www.aripo.org
South Africa www.cipro.gov.za
Spain www.oepm.es
Sudan www.aripo.org
Swaziland www.aripo.org
Sweden www.prv.se
Switzerland www.ige.ch
Syrian Arab Republic www.himaya.net
Tajikistan www.tipat.org
Thailand www.ipthailand.org
The Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia www.ippo.gov.mk
Togo www.oapi.wipo.net
Trinidad and Tobago www.ipo.gov.tt/home.asp
Tunisia www.inorpi.ind.tn
Turkey www.turkpatent.gov.tr
Turkmenistan www.eapo.org
Uganda www.aripo.org
Ukraine www.sdip.gov.ua
United Arab Emirates www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
United Kingdom www.patent.gov.uk
United Republic of Tanzania www.aripo.org
United States www.uspto.gov
Uruguay www.dnpi.gub.uy
Uzbekistan www.patent.uz
Venezuela www.sapi.gov.ve
Yemen www.most.org.ye
Zambia www.aripo.org
Zimbabwe www.aripo.org

Note:
For up-to-date information visit website at the following urls: www.wipo.int/member/en/ and
www.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp

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;]jfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o juL{s/0f j:t'x?

j:t'x?
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Knfli6s, uf]7d] n, clUg lgoGqs aGbf]a:tL, tfkqmd tyf tgfO{ ;DalGwt t}of/L, vfB ;fdfu|L
;+/If0f ug{sf nflu /f;folgs kbfy{x?, ;"o{sf] tTjn] x'g] sfnf]kgf ljleGg 6fFl;g] j:t'df
k|of]u ul/Psf /;fogx? /+u/f]ug, clg{;,
@= sf7 ;+/If0f ug{ k|of]u ul/g] ljleGg /+u ;DaGwL kbfy{x?, s8f lsl;dsf j:t'x?, k|fs[lts
tyf sRrf /]lhg, /+u/f]ugaf6 lgl:sPsf ljsf/o'Qm j:t'x?, ;hfj6stf{, 5fkfjfnf /
cfl6{i6x?,
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/u8fO{ ;DaGwL t}of/Lx?, ;fa'gx?, ;'ulGwt ;]G6x?, cTofjZos t}nLo j:t'x?, ;f}Gbo{
k|zf]wgsf j:t'x?, skfn;DaGwL nf];g tyf t]nx? .
$= cf}Bf]lus /;fog tyf lu|h, lrKnf kbfy{x?, w'nf] l6Kg] cf}hf/x?, lehfpg] tyf afFWg]
;+ld>0fx?, OGwg -uf8Ldf k|of]u ul/g]_ / zlQmzfnL lah'nLx?, d}gaQL tyf k|sfz;DaGwL
j:t'x? .
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nflu rflxg] ;fdu|L, bfFt lau|gaf6 aRg] ;fdu|L, bfFt eg]{ j:t'x?, ;+qmd0faf6 ;'/Iff, 3fts
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w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

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s8f tyf ;fgf ;fdfgx?, wft'sf 6\o'a tyf kfOkx?, ;]kmx?, ljz]if wft'sf geO{ ;fdfGo
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tf}ng', hf]Vg' ;+s]t lg/LIf0f -;j]{If0f_ hLjg /Iff tyf lzIf0f tyf pks/0fx?, ;~rfng
hLjgofkg, ?kfGt/0f ;+of]hg, lgoGq0f tyf lgolGqt ljBt', Wjlg tyf 5ljsf] k'gM pTkfbg

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 tyf ;+qmd0f, l/sl8{ªsf cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fx?, d'b|f tyf l;Ssfaf6 ;~rflnt d]l;gx?,
gub btf{, u0fgLo d]l;gx?, 8f6f k|lqmof pks/0f tyf sDKo'6/x?, clUg;fds ;+oGqx? .
!)= ;lh{sn, d]l8sn, 8]G6n tyf kz'lrlsT;f ;DaGwL pks/0fx?, s[lqd c+ux?, cfFvf tyf
bfFtx?, cyf]{kf]l8s cf}hf/x?, 5fnfsf ;fdfg lgdf{0f ug]{ ;fdu|L,
!!= k|sfz Joj:yfsf nflu ;fdu|Lx?, ttfpg] j:t', jfikLs/0f, vfgf ksfpg', t/f] tfhf kfg'{,
;'sfpg', xfjfåf/f lgdf{0f, hn cfk"lt{ / ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk .
!@= uf8Lx?, hn, hdLg / jfo'sf nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;fdu|Lx? .
!#= clUg lgoGqs pks/0f, aGb'ssf uf]nLx?, xftxltof/x? / clt;afhLsf ;fdu|Lx?
!$= cd"No wft' tyf To;sf ;/;fdfgx?, u/uxgfx?, cd"No 9'+ufx?, k|:t/;DaGwL pks/0fx?
!%= ;f+uLlts pks/0fx?
!^= sfuh sf8{af]8{sf ;fdfgx?, clnlvt wft'af6 ag]sf ;fdfgx?, 5kfO{;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?,
lstfasf lhNbfsf ;fdu|Lx?, kmf]6f]u|fkm\;x?, lstfa, sfkL, snd, k]lG;nx?, 3/sf] sfd
/ lstfa o:df sfd ug]{ n]l;nf udx? snfsfl/tfsf ;fdfgx?, /+ufpg] a|;x?, kmlg{r/
afx]ssf 6fOk/fO6/ clkm;df k|of]u ul/g] j:t'x?, lgb]z { gfTds tyf z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx?, Koflsª
ug{sf nflu Knfli6ssf ;fdfgx?, lk|G6;{ 6fOk, 5fKg] ;fFrf]x? .
!&= /a/, ud, u§f, k]r, lr:ofpg] kbfy{x?, ;gdfOsf tyf o;;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfgx?, Kofs
ug{, aGb ug{, vf]k;DaGwL ;fduLx?, nlrnf] kfOkx? / wft'af6 gag]sf cGo ;fdu|Lx?
!*= 5fnf tyf 5fnfh:t} nfUg] /]lShg / oL;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lx?, hgfj/sf 5fnfx?, v'/,
gª, gª\u|fx?, xfQL cyjf cGo hgfj/sf ;'F9x? e|d0f ug]{ emf]nfx?, 5ftfx?, 3fdaf6
arfpg] /+uLg tyf xNsf 5ftfx? / lxF8\g] 58L, sf]/f{, 3f]8fsf] unfdf nufpg] k§f / 3f]8fsf]
9f8df laR5fpg] u2f cflb .
!(= lgdf{0f ;fdu|L -wft'sf] afx]s_ wft'af6 gag]sf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu alnof kfOkx?, af6f]sf]
dfly kf]Tg], 6fFl;g] sfnf] kbfy{, vfN6f] tyf af6f]sf] dfly kf]Tg] cs}{ vfnsf] sfnf] kbfy{, cwft'
j:t'af6 ag]sf otfptf nfg ;lsg] j:t'x?, 7"nf7"nf rf}tf/f tyf ;flnsx?
@)= ;hfj6sf ;fdfgx?, P]gfx?, lrqsf nflu k|md] x?, sf7sf ;fdfgx?, ss{, /Lª a]g, ljs/,
l;+u, x8\8L, vfu, kz'sf] gfs, Xj]n df5fsf] x8\8L, df5f cflbsf] z/L/sf] 5fnf, uxgf agfpg]
wft', df]tLhgs, Pssf] ;f6f] csf]{ j:t'x? Knfli6s / o;af6 ag]sf j:t'x?
@!= 3/af/ tyf efG5f3/sf efF8fs'8F fx? sG6]g/x?, sfOFof], :kGhx?, a|;x? -/+Uofpg] a|; xf]Og_
a|; agfpg] ;fdu|Lx?, ;kmfOsf ;fdfgx?, l:6n pmg, sfd nfUg] cyjf gnfUg] Unf; -l;;f_
Unf;j]o/, kl;{n]g / cy{j]o/x? .

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lqkfnx?, gf}sfsf ;fdfgx?, af]/f tyf emf]nfx?, /a/ tyf Knfli6saf6 ag]sf cfsf/ j[l4
ug]{ / bfu x6fpg] j:t'x?, ;l6{ª, ;'l6ªsf nflu sRrf kbfy{x? .
@#= sk8f pBf]usf nflu rflxg] wfuf] tyf afSnf ;'tfx? .
@$= sk8f pBf]u tyf o;nfO{ rflxg] ;fdu|Lx?, cf]5\ofpg] tyf 6]ansf se/ tyf tGgfx? .
@%= n'ufkmf6f, rKkn, 6f]kL tyf Xof6x? .
@^= n]; tyf sk8fdf gSsf;L ug]{ ;fdu|L, l/jg tyf r'N7f afFWg] wfufx?, 6fFsx?, c8\sfpg]
x's / cfFvfx?, lkg tyf l;of] s[ltd km"nx? .
@&= sfk]{6, 3':;f, r6fO{, e'FOdf cf]5\ofpg] se/ tyf tGgfx?, leQfdf em'08\ofpg] s'f/x? .
@*= v]n tyf v]ns"bsf ;fdfgx?, lhDGofli6s tyf zf/Ll/s :jf:Yosf nflu ;fdu|Lx?, o;};Fu
o:t} vfn] j:t'x?, lqm;d;sf] ?v ;hfpg] j:t'x? .
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h]nL, hfd, lrgLdf ksfPsf vfB kbfy{x?, c08f, b"waf6 ag]sf kbfy{x?, vfgnfos t]n
tyf af];f]x? .
#)= skmL, lrof, sf]sf, lrgL, rfdn, g;fn' kbfy{x?, s[lqd slkm, cfF6f tyf tof/L j:t'x?,
;]/n] s
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kfp8/, g'g, tf]/L, cb'jf, clhgf]df]6f], ;;]hx?, d;nf cflb .
#!= s[lif, kz'kfng, jGohGo pTkfbg tyf cGgkftx?, ;hLj hgfj/x?, tfhf kmnkm"n tyf ;fu,
;AhLx?, aLpm aLhgx?, k|fs[lts af]6lj?jf tyf km"nx?, ufO{j:t'sf nflu vfg]s/' fx?, /S;L
agfpg] drf[ .
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/ k]o kbfy{ agfpgsf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lx?
##= dfbs k]o kbfy{ -ljo/ jfx]s_
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

#$= ;'tL{, w"d|kfgsf dfWod, ;nfO{sf a§fx?

;]jfx?
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#^= ladf, ljQLo sf/f]af/, df}lb|s sf/f]af/, 3/ 38]/Lsf] sf/f]af/
#&= ejg lgdf{0f, dd{t, ls:tfaGbL;DaGwL ;]jfx?
#*= ;+rf/ tyf b"/;+rf/ sfo{qmd
#(= oftfoft, ;fdfg KoflsË tyf e08f/0f ug]{, ofqf k|aGw

#)
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$@= j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws ;]jf tyf To; ;DaGwL cg';Gwfgg / 9fFrf cf}Bf]lus ljZn]if0f / zf]w
;]jf÷sfo{, sDKo'6/ xf8{j]o/ / ;km\6j]o/sf] l8hfOg tyf ljsf;, sfg'gL ;]jf
$#= vfgf tyf k]o kbfy{ pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf, c:yfoL a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf
$$= :jf:Yo ;]jf, kz' lrlsT;f ;]jf, dfgj tyf kz'sf nflu :jf:Yo tyf ;f}Gbo{, x]/rfx, s[lif,
kz'kfng / jGohGo ;]jf
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;DklQsf] /Iff .

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Urls: www.wipo.int/classification/fulltext/nice8/enmain.htm./www.wipo.int/Madrid/en/contact.htm/

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ljZj af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g (World Intellectual Property Organization)
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P.O. Box 18
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