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KETENTUAN TUGAS

1. Buatlah kelompok dengan jumlah maksimal orang/kelompok 5 orang. (Boleh kurang dari 5)
2. Kerjakan seluruh soal (= 50 soal)
3. Soal dikerjakan dengan memilih satu jawaban (A, B, C, atau D).
4. Print soal, dan jawaban langsung dipilih dengan memberi tanda (X) pada huruf/jawaban
yang benar. Pada awal Kumpulan jawaban yang dikumpulkan, buatlah cover yang berisikan
nama-nama anggota kelompok, dan nama Kelas.
5. Dikumpulkan paling telat hari Selasa, 23 Oktober 2012.
6. Selamat mengerjakan.... 

Good Luck!!!

M. Rayhan Bustam, S.S.

READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1 – 11
Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles along with
breakthroughs in satellite technology and computer equipment have overcome some of the
limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle, divers often became sluggish and
their mental concentration was limited. Because of undersea pressure that affected their speech
organs, communication among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers
make direct observations by means of instruments that are lowered into the ocean, from samples
taken from the water, or from photographs made by orbiting satellites. Direct observations of the
ocean floor are made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines and aerial photography.
Some of the submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen
thousand feet. In addition, radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to
transmit information back to land-based laboratories, often via satellite. Particularly important are
data about water temperature, currents, and weather. Satellite photographs can show the distribution
of sea ice, oil slicks, and cloud formations over the ocean. Maps created from satellite picture can
represent the temperature and the color of the ocean’s surface, enabling researchers to study the
ocean currents. Furthermore, computers help oceanographers to collect and analyze data from
submarines and satellites. By creating a model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics,
scientists can predict the patterns and possible effects of the ocean on the environment.
Recently, many oceanographers have been relying more on satellites and computers than on
research ships or even submarine vehicles because they can supply a greater range of information
more quickly and more efficiently. Some of mankind’s most serious problems, especially those
concerning energy and food, may be solved with the help of observations made possible by this new
technology.

1. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?


a. Technological advances in oceanography
b. Communication among divers
c. Direct observation of the ocean floor
d. Undersea vehicles
2. The word “sluggish” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

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a. Nervous c. Slow moving
b. Confused d. Very weak
3. What does the word “their” in line 3 refer to?
a. Mental c. Vehicle
b. Divers d. Technology
4. Divers have had problems in communicating underwater because
a. The pressure affected their speech organs
b. The vehicles they used have not been perfected
c. They did not pronounce clearly
d. The water destroyed their speech organs
5. This passage suggests that the successful exploration of the ocean depends upon
a. Vehicles as well as divers
b. Radios that divers use to communicate
c. Controlling currents and the weather
d. The limitations of diving equipment

6. Undersea vehicles
a. Are too small for a man to fit inside
b. Are slow to respond
c. Have the same limitations that divers have
d. Make direct observations of the ocean floor
7. The word “cruise” in line 10 could best be replaced by
a. Travel at a constant speed
b. Function without problems
c. Stay in communication
d. Remain still
8. How is a radio-equipped buoy operated?
a. By operators inside the vehicle in part underwater
b. By operators outside the vehicle on a ship
c. By operators outside the vehicle on a diving platform
d. By operators outside the vehicle in laboratory on shore
9. Which of the following are not shown in satellite photographs?
a. The temperature of the ocean’s surface
b. Cloud formations over the ocean
c. A model of the ocean’s movements
d. The location of sea ice
10. The word “those” in line 22 refers to
a. energy and food c. observations
b. problems d. Vehicles
11. According to the author, what are some of the problems the underwater studies may
eventually resolve?
a. Weather and temperature control
b. Food and energy shortages
c. Transportation and communication problems
d. Overcrowding and housing problems.

Questions 12 - 20

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While many nineteenth-century reformers hoped to bring about reform through education or
by eliminating specific social evils, some thinkers wanted to start over and remake society of
founding ideal, cooperative communities. The United States seemed to them a spacious and
unencumbered country where models of a perfect society could succeed. These communitarian
thinkers hoped their success would lead to imitation, until communities free of crime, poverty, and
other social ills would cover the land. A number of religious groups, notably Shakers, practiced
communal living, but the main impetus to found model communities came from nonreligious,
rationalistic thinkers.
Among the communitarian philosophers, three of the most influential were Robert Owen.
Charles Fourier, and John Humphrey Noyes. Owen, famous for his humanitarian policies as owner
of several thriving textile mills in Scotland, believed that faulty environment was to blame for
human problems and that these problems could be eliminated in a rationally planned society. In
1825, he put his principles into practice at New Harmony, Indiana. The community failed
economically after a few years but not before achieving a number of social successes. Forier, a
commercial employee in French, never visited the United States. However, his theories of
cooperative living influenced many Americans through the writings of Albert Brisbane, whose
Social Destiny of Man explained fourierism and its self-sufficient associations or “phalanxes.” One
or more of these phalanxes was organized in every Northern state. The most famous were Red
Bank. New Jersey, and Brook Farm, Massachusetts. An early member of the latter was the author
Nathaniel Hawthorne. Noyes founded the most enduring and probably the oddest of the utopian
communities, the Oneida Community of upstate New York. Needless to say, none of these
experiments had any lasting effect on the patterns of American Society.

12. The main topic of the passage is


a. Nineteenth-century schools
b. American reformers
c. The philosophy of Fourierism
d. Model communities in the nineteenth century
13. Which of the following is NOT given in the passage as one of the general goals of
communitarian philosophers?
a. To remake society
b. To spread their ideas throughout the United States
c. To establish ideal communities
d. To create opportunities through education
14. The Shakers are mentioned in line 6 as an example of
a. A communal religious group
b. Radical reformers
c. Rationalistic thinkers
d. An influential group of writers
15. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “impetus” in line 7?
a. Stimulus c. Drawback
b. Commitment d. Foundation
16. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “thriving” in line 10?
a. Prosperous c. Failing
b. Famous d. Pioneering
17. The “phalanxes” described in the second paragraph were an idea originally conceived by
a. Albert Brisbane c. Charles Fourier
b. Robert Owen d. John Humphrey Noyes

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18. Why does the Author mention Nathaniel Hawthorne in line 18?
a. He founded Brook Farm in Massachusetts
b. He was a critic of Charles Fourier
c. He wrote a book that led to the establishment of model communities
d. He was at one time a member of the Brook Farm community
19. Which of the following communities lasted longest?
a. New Harmony
b. The Oneida Community
c. Red Bank
d. Brook Farm
20. The author implies that, for readers, the conclusion of the passage is
a. Obvious
b. Surprising
c. Absurd
d. Practical

Questions 21 - 32
Although stage plays have been set to music since the era of the ancient Greeks, when the
dramas of Sophocles and Aeschylus were accompanied by lyre and flutes, the usually accepted date
for the beginning of opera as we know it is 1600. As part of the celebration of the marriage of the
King Henry IV of France to the Italian aristocrat Maria de Medici, the Florentine composer Jacopo
Peri produced his famous Euridice, generally considered to be the first opera. Following his
example, a group of Italian musicians, poets, noblemen called the Camerata began to revive the
style of musical story that had been used in Greek tragedy. The Camerata took most of the plots for
their operas from Greek and Roman history and mythology, writing librettos or dramas for music.
They called their compositions opera in musica or musical works. It is from this phrase that the
word “opera” is borrowed.
For several years, the center of opera was Florence, but gradually, during the baroque
period, it spread throughout Italy. By late 1600s, operas were being written and performed in
Europe, especially in England, France, and Germany. But, for many years, the Italian opera was
considered the ideal, and many non-Italian composers continued to use Italian Librettos. The
European form de-emphasized the dramatic aspect. New orchestral effects and even ballet were
introduced under the guise of opera. Composers gave in to the demands of singers, writing many
operas that were nothing more than a succession of brilliant trick for the voice. Complicated arias,
recitatives, and duets evolved. The aria, which is a long solo, may be compared to a song in which
the characters express their thoughts and feelings. The recitative, which is also a solo, is a recitation
set to music whose purpose is to continue the story line. The duet is a musical piece for two voices
which may serve the function of either an aria or a recitative.

21. This passage is a summary of


a. Opera in Italy c. The development of opera
b. The Camerata d. Euridice
22. According to this passage, when did modern opera begin?
a. In the time of the ancient Greeks
b. In the fifteenth century
c. At the beginning of the sixteenth century
d. At the beginning of the seventeenth century
23. The word “it” in line 3 refers to
a. Opera c. Era

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b. Date d. Music
24. What does the word “his” in line 5 refer to?
a. King Henry IV c. Jaccopo Peri
b. Maria de Medici d. Greek
25. According to the author, what did Jacopo Peri write?
a. Greek tragedy c. The opera Maria de Medici
b. The first opera d. The opera The Camerata
26. The Author suggests that Euridice was produced
a. In France
b. Originally by Sophocles and Aechyllus
c. Without much success
d. For the wedding of King Henry IV

27. What was the Camerata?


a. A group of Greek musicians
b. Musicians who developed a new musical drama based upon Greek drama
c. A style of music not known in Italy
d. The name given to the court of King Henry IV
28. The word “revive” in line 6 could best be replaced by
a. Appreciate c. Modify
b. Resume d. Investigate
29. The word “plot” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
a. Locations c. Stories
b. Instruments d. Inspiration
30. What does “which” in line 18 refer to?
a. The aria c. Feeling
b. Thought d. Voice
31. From what did the term “opera” derive?
a. Greek and Roman history and mythology
b. Non-Italian composers
c. The Italian phrase the means “musical works”
d. The ideas of composer Jacopo Peri
32. Which of the following is an example of a solo?
a. A recitative c. An opera
b. A duet d. A lyre

Questions 33 - 42
During the nineteenth century, women in the United States organized and participated in a
large number of reform movements, including movements to reorganize the prison system, improve
education, ban the sale of alcohol, and most importantly, to free the slaves. Some women saw
similarities in the social status of women and slaves. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy
Stone were feminists and abolitionists who supported the rights of both women and blacks. A
number of male abolitionist, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Philips, also
supported the rights of women to speak and participate equally with men in antislavery activities.
Probably more than any other movement, abolitionism offered women a previously denied entry

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into politics. They became involved primarily in order to better their living conditions and the
conditions of others.
When the Civil War ended in 1865, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the
Constitution adopted in 1868 and 1870 granted citizenship and suffrage to blacks but not to
women. Discouraged but resolved, feminists influenced more and more women to demand the right
to vote. In 1869 the Wyoming Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but eastern states
resisted more stubbornly than before. A women’s suffrage bill had been presented to every Congress
since 1878 but it continually failed to pass until 1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment granted
women the right to vote.
33. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
a. The Wyoming Territory
b. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
c. Abolitionists
d. Women’s suffrage

34. The word “ban” in line 3 most nearly means to


a. Encourage
b. Published
c. Prohibit
d. Limit
35. The word “supported” in line 6 could best be replaced by
a. Disregarded
b. Acknowledge
c. Contested
d. Promoted
36. According to the passage, why did women become active in politics?
a. To improve the conditions of life that existed at the time
b. To support Elizabeth Cady Stanton for president
c. To be elected to public office
d. To amend the declaration of Independence
37. The word “primarily” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
a. Above all
b. Somewhat
c. Finally
d. Always
38. What had occurred shortly after the Civil War?
a. The Wyoming Territory was admitted to the Union
b. A women’s suffrage bill was introduced in Congress
c. The eastern states resisted the end of the war
d. Black people were granted the right to vote
39. The word “suffrage” in line 11 could best be replaced by which of the following?
a. Pain
b. Citizenship
c. Freedom from bondage
d. The right to vote
40. What does the Nineteenth Amendment guarantee?

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a. Voting rights for blacks
b. Citizenship for blacks
c. Voting rights for women
d. Citizenship for women
41. The word “it” in line 15 refers to
a. Bill
b. Congress
c. Nineteenth Amendment
d. Vote
42. When were women allowed to vote throughout the United States?
a. After 1866
b. After 1870
c. After 1878
d. After 1920

Questions 43 - 50
The biological community changes again as one moves from the city to the suburbs. Around
all cities is a biome called the “suburban forest.” The trees of this forest are species that are favored
by man, and most of them have been deliberately planted. Mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and
opossums have moved in from the surrounding countryside. Raccoons have become experts at
opening garbage cans, and in some places even deer wander suburban thoroughfares. Several
species of squirrel get along nicely in suburbia, but usually only one species is predominant in any
given suburb-fox squirrels in one place, red squirrels in another, gray squirrels in a third-for
reasons that are little understood. The diversity of birds in the suburbs is great, and in the South,
lizards thrive in gardens and even houses. Of course, insects are always present.
There is an odd biological sameness in these suburban communities. True palms of Los
Angeles are missing from the suburbs of Boston, and there are species of insects in Miami not
found in Seattle. But over wide stretches of the United States, ecological conditions in suburban
biomes vary much less than do those of natural biomes. And unlike the natural biomes, the urban
and suburban communities exist in spite of, not because of, the climate

43. If there was a preceding paragraph to this passage it would most likely be concerned with
which of the following topics?
a. The migration from cities to suburbs
b. The biological community in urban areas
c. The mammals of the American countryside
d. The history of American suburbs
44. The author implies that the mammals of the “suburban forest” differ from species of trees
there in which of the following ways?
a. They were not deliberately introduced
b. They are considered undesirable by humans
c. They are represented by a greater number of species
d. They have not fully adapted to suburban conditions
45. The word “thoroughfares” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
a. Neighborhoods c. Open spaces
b. Lawns d. Streets
46. Which of the following conclusions about squirrels is supported by information in the
passage?

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a. The competition among the three species is intense
b. Fox squirrels are more common than gray or red squirrels
c. Two species of squirrels seldom inhabit the same suburb
d. The reasons why squirrels do well in the suburb are unknown
47. The word “thrive” in line 8 is closest in
a. Remain c. Reproduce
b. Flourish d. Survive
48. The word “odd” in line 10 is closest in meaning to
a. Unusual
b. Appropriate
c. Unforgettable
d. Expected

49. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph of the passage?
a. Biological communities in East Coast suburbs differ greatly from those on the West
Coast
b. The suburban forest occupies an increasingly large segment of the American
landscape
c. Suburbs in the United States have remarkably similar biological communities.
d. Natural biomes have been studied more than suburban biomes
50. What does the author imply about the effect of climate on the suburban biome?
a. It is noticeable than the effect of climate on the urban biome.
b. It is not as important as it once was.
c. It is depends on the location of the biome.
d. It is not as dramatic as the effect of climate on natural biomes.

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