Interview Questions and Answers

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NET Interview Questions And Answers
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Nitin Pandit Oct 30 2015 Article
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Question 1: What is ASP.NET?
Answer: ASP.NET was developed in direct response to the problems that developers had with classic ASP.
Since ASP is in such wide use, however, Microsoft ensured that ASP scripts execute without modi cation on a
machine with the .NET Framework (the ASP engine, ASP.DLL, is not modi ed when installing the .NET
Framework). Thus, IIS can house both ASP and ASP.NET scripts on the same machine.
Advantages of ASP.NET
1. Separation of Code from HTML:
To make a clean sweep, with ASP.NET you have the ability to completely separate layout and business
logic. This makes it much easier for teams of programmers and designers to collaborate e ciently.
2. Support for compiled languages:
Developer can use VB.NET and access features such as strong typing and object-oriented
programming. Using compiled languages also means that ASP.NET pages do not su er the
performance penalties associated with interpreted code. ASP.NET pages are precompiled to byte-code
and Just In Time (JIT) compiled when rst requested. Subsequent requests are directed to the fully
compiled code, which is cached until the source changes.
3. Use services provided by the .NET Framework:
The .NET Framework provides class libraries that can be used by your application. Some of the key
classes help you with input/output, access to operating system services, data access, or even
debugging. We will go into more detail on some of them in this module.
4. Graphical Development Environment:
Visual Studio .NET provides a very rich development environment for web developers. You can drag
and drop controls and set properties the way you do in Visual Basic 6. And you have full IntelliSense
support, not only for your code, but also for HTML and XML.
5. State management:
https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/8ef97c/Asp-Net-interview-questions-and-answers/ 1/45
8/31/2018 ASP.NET Interview Questions And Answers
In FocusTo refer to the problems mentioned before, ASP.NET provides solutions for session and application
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can be shared across web farms, and state information can be recovered, even if the server fails or the
connection breaks down. Ask a Question Contribute
6. Update les while the server is running:
Components of your application can be updated while the server is online and clients are connected.
The framework will use the new les as soon as they are copied to the application. Removed or old
les that are still in use are kept in memory until the clients have nished.
7. XML-Based Con guration Files:
Con guration settings in ASP.NET are stored in XML les that you can easily read and edit. You can
also easily copy these to another server, along with the other les that comprise your application.
ASP.NET Overview
Here are some points that give the quick overview of ASP.NET.
ASP.NET provides services to allow the creation, deployment, and execution of Web Applications and
Web Services.
Like ASP, ASP.NET is a server-side technology.
Web Applications are built using Web Forms. ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms controls, which
are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML widgets like text boxes or
buttons. If these controls do not t your needs, you are free to create your own user controls.
Web Forms are designed to make building web-based applications as easy as building Visual Basic
applications.
For further information click on the link:
Introduction to ASP.NET
Question 2: What are the di erent validators in ASP.NET?
Answer: ASP.NET validation controls de ne an important role in validating the user input data. Whenever
the user gives the input, it must always be validated before sending it across to various layers of an
application. If we get the user input with validation, then chances are that we are sending the wrong data. So,
validation is a good idea to do whenever we are taking input from the user.
There are the following two types of validation in ASP.NET:
Client-Side Validation
Server-Side Validation
Client-Side Validation:
InWhen
Focusvalidation is done on the client browser, then it is known as Client-Side Validation. We use JavaScript to

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Server-Side Validation:
When validation occurs on the server, then it is known as Server-Side Validation. Server-Side Validation is a
secure form of validation. The main advantage of Server-Side Validation is if the user somehow bypasses the
Client-Side Validation, we can still catch the problem on server-side.
The following are the Validation Controls in ASP.NET:
RequiredFieldValidator Control
CompareValidator Control
RangeValidator Control
RegularExpressionValidator Control
CustomFieldValidator Control
ValidationSummary
Validation Controls in ASP.Net
Question 3: What is View State?
Answer: View State is the method to preserve the Value of the Page and Controls between round trips. It is a
Page-Level State Management technique. View State is turned on by default and normally serializes the data
in every control on the page regardless of whether it is actually used during a post-back.
A web application is stateless. That means that a new instance of a page is created every time when we make
a request to the server to get the page and after the round trip our page has been lost immediately
Features of View State
These are the main features of view state:
1. Retains the value of the Control after post-back without using a session.
2. Stores the value of Pages and Control Properties de ned in the page.
3. Creates a custom View State Provider that lets you store View State Information in a SQL Server
Database or in another data store.
Advantages of View State
1. Easy to Implement.
2. No server resources are required: The View State is contained in a structure within the page load.
3. Enhanced security features: It can be encoded and compressed or Unicode implementation.
What is View State and How it Works in ASP.NET
InQuestion 4:
Focus What are the di erent Session state management options
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available in ASP.NET?
Answer: State Management in ASP.NET
A new instance of the Web page class is created each time the page is posted to the server.
In traditional Web programming, all information that is associated with the page, along with the
controls on the page, would be lost with each roundtrip.
The Microsoft ASP.NET framework includes several options to help you preserve data on both a per-
page basis and an application-wide basis.
These options can be broadly divided into the following two categories:
Client-Side State Management Options

Server-Side State Management Options
Client-Side State Management
Client-based options involve storing information either in the page or on the client computer.
Some client-based state management options are:
Hidden elds
View state
Cookies
Query strings
Server-Side State Management
There are situations where you need to store the state information on the server side.
Server-side state management enables you to manage application-related and session-related

information on the server.
ASP.NET provides the following options to manage state at the server side:
Application state
Session state
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State Management in ASP.Net
Question 5: What is caching in ASP.NET?
Answer: Caching is one of the most interesting concept and operation in ASP.NET. If you can handle it, you
can run any web application by applying the caching concept depending on the requirements.
Caching is for providing solutions or the results to the users depending on their request, admin needs to
recreate the pages often depending on user requests…STOP!!! "A cache simply stores the output generated
by a page in the memory and this saved output (cache) will serve us (users) in the future.".
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Caching in ASP.Net Ask a Question Contribute
Question 6: How can we apply themes in ASP.NET application?
Answer: A theme is a collection of settings that de ne the look of controls and web pages. These themes are
applied across all the pages in a web application to maintain a consistent appearance. Themes are included
images and skin les; the skin les set the visual properties of ASP.NET controls. Themes are of two types:
Page Theme
A Page theme contains the control skins, style sheets, graphic les, and other resources inside the subfolder
of the App_Theme folder in the Solution Explorer window. A page theme is applied to a single page of the
web site.
Global Theme
A Global theme is a theme that is applied to all the web sites on a web server and includes property settings,
and graphics. This theme allows us to maintain all the websites on the same web server and de ne the same
style for all the web pages of the web sites.
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Creating Web Application Using Themes in ASP.NET
Question 7: What is MVC?
Answer: Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a pattern to separate an application into the following three main
components:
1. Model
2. View
3. Controller
The ASP.NET MVC framework provides an alternative to the ASP.NET Web Forms pattern for creating web
applications. The ASP.NET MVC Framework is a lightweight, highly testable presentation framework that (as
with Web Forms-based applications) is integrated with existing ASP.NET features, such as master pages and
membership-based authentications. The MVC framework is de ned in the System.Web.Mvc assembly. It
Inprovides
Focus full control over HTML, JavaScript and CSS. It's the better as well as a recommended approach for
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The ASP.NET MVC framework o ers the following advantages:
It makes it very easy to manage complexity by dividing an application into the Model, View and
Controller.
It does not use view state or server-based forms.
Full control over HTML, JavaScript and CSS.
It provides better support for Test-Driven Development (TDD).
It works well for Web applications that are supported by large teams of developers and for web
designers who need a high degree of control over the application behaviour.
By default support of Facebook and Google Authentication.
It easy to manage a large application to divide in multiple areas.
Getting Started With ASP.Net MVC
Question 8: What are Cookies in ASP.NET?
Answer: Cookies are a State Management Technique that can store the values of control after a post-back.
Cookies can store user-speci c Information on the client's machine like when the user last visited your site.
Cookies are also known by many names, such as HTTP Cookies, Browser Cookies, Web Cookies, Session
Cookies and so on. Basically cookies are a small text le sent by the web server and saved by the Web
Browser on the client's machine.
List of properties containing the HttpCookies Class:
1. Domain: Using these properties we can set the domain of the cookie.
2. Expires: This property sets the Expiration time of the cookies.
3. HasKeys: If the cookies have a subkey then it returns True.
4. Name: Contains the name of the Key.
5. Path: Contains the Virtual Path to be submitted with the Cookies.
6. Secured: If the cookies are to be passed in a secure connection then it only returns True.
7. Value: Contains the value of the cookies.
InLimitation
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1. The size of cookies is limited to 4096 bytes.
2. A total of 20 cookies can be used in a single website. Ask a Question Contribute
For further info click on the link:
Introduction To Cookies in ASP.Net
Question 9: What is Ajax in ASP.NET?
Answer. Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML; in other words Ajax is the combination of various
technologies such as a JavaScript, CSS, XHTML, DOM, etc.
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server
behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the entire
page.
We can also de ne Ajax is a combination of client side technologies that provides asynchronous
communication between the user interface and the web server so that partial page rendering occurs instead
of complete page post back.
Ajax is platform-independent; in other words AJAX is a cross-platform technology that can be used on any
Operating System since it is based on XML & JavaScript. It also supports open source implementation of
other technology. It partially renders the page to the server instead of complete page post back. We use AJAX
for developing faster, better and more interactive web applications. AJAX uses a HTTP request between web
server & browser.
With AJAX, when a user clicks a button, you can use JavaScript and DHTML to immediately update the
UI, and spawn an asynchronous request to the server to fetch results.
When the response is generated, you can then use JavaScript and CSS to update your UI accordingly
without refreshing the entire page. While this is happening, the form on the users screen doesn't ash,
blink, disappear, or stall.
The power of AJAX lies in its ability to communicate with the server asynchronously, using a
XMLHttpRequest object without requiring a browser refresh.
Ajax essentially puts JavaScript technology and the XMLHttpRequest object between your Web form
and the server.
Introduction to Ajax and Ajax Control Toolkit
Question 10: What are Web Services in ASP.NET?
Answer: A Web Service is a software program that uses XML to exchange information with other software
via common internet protocols. In a simple sense, Web Services are a way for interacting with objects over
the Internet.
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Language Independent. Ask a Question Contribute

Protocol Independent.
Platform Independent.
It assumes a stateless service architecture.
Scalable (e.g. multiplying two numbers together to an entire customer-relationship management
system).
Programmable (encapsulates a task).
Based on XML (open, text-based standard).
Self-describing (metadata for access and use).
Discoverable (search and locate in registries)- ability of applications and developers to search for and
locate desired Web services through registries. This is based on UDDI.
Key Web Service Technologies:
XML- Describes only data. So, any application that understands XML-regardless of the application's
programming language or platform-has the ability to format XML in a variety of ways (well-formed or
valid).
SOAP- Provides a communication mechanism between services and applications.
WSDL- O ers a uniform method of describing web services to other programs.
UDDI- Enables the creation of searchable Web services registries.
ASP.NET Web Service Basics
Question 11: What are the Advantages of ASP.NET?
Answer: ASP.NET provides services to allow the creation, deployment, and execution of Web Applications
and Web Services like ASP, ASP.NET is a server-side technology. Web Applications are built using Web Forms.
ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Form controls, which are responsible for generating the user interface.
They mirror typical HTML widgets such as text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not t your needs, you
are free to create your own user controls.
Advantages of ASP.NET:
In FocusSeparation of Code from HTML

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Use services provided by the .NET Framework
Graphical Development Environment Ask a Question Contribute
Update les while the server is running
XML-Based Con guration Files
Introduction to ASP.NET
Question 12: What is the concepts of Globalization and Localization in .NET?
Answer: Localization means "process of translating resources for a speci c culture", and Globalization
means "process of designing applications that can adapt to di erent cultures".
Proper Globalization: Your application should be able to Accept, Verify, and Display all global kind of
data. It should well also be able to operate over this data, accordingly. We will discuss more about this
"Accordingly operations over di . culture data".
Localizability and Localization: Localizability stands for clearly separating the components of culture
based operations regarding the user interface, and other operations from the executable code.
.NET framework has greatly simpli ed the task of creating the applications targeting the clients of multiple
cultures. The namespaces involved in creation of globalize, localizing applications are:
System.Globalization
System.Resources
System.Text
Globalization and Localization in .NET: Part I
Question 13: What is the Web.con g le in ASP?
Answer: Con guration le is used to manage various settings that de ne a website. The settings are stored
in XML les that are separate from your application code. In this way you can con gure settings
independently from your code. Generally a website contains a single Web.con g le stored inside the
application root directory. However there can be many con guration les that manage settings at various
Inlevels
Focuswithin an application.
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Usage of con guration le
ASP.NET Con guration system is used to describe the properties and behaviors of various aspects of
ASP.NET applications. Con guration les help you to manage the settings related to your website. Each le is
an XML le (with the extension .con g) that contains a set of con guration elements. Con guration
information is stored in XML-based text les.
Bene ts of XML-based Con guration les:
ASP.NET Con guration system is extensible and application speci c information can be stored and
retrieved easily. It is human readable.
You need not restart the web server when the settings are changed in con guration le. ASP.NET
automatically detects the changes and applies them to the running ASP.NET application.
You can use any standard text editor or XML parser to create and edit ASP.NET con guration les.
ASP.NET Web Con guration File
Question 14: What is the App Domain Concept in ASP.NET?
Answer: ASP.NET introduces the concept of an Application Domain which is shortly known as AppDomain. It
can be considered as a Lightweight process which is both a container and boundary. The .NET runtime uses
an AppDomain as a container for code and data, just like the operating system uses a process as a container
for code and data. As the operating system uses a process to isolate misbehaving code, the .NET runtime
uses an AppDomain to isolate code inside a secure boundary.
The CLR can allow the multiple .NET applications to run in a single AppDomain. Mulitple Appdomains can
exist in Win32 process.
How to create AppDomain: AppDomains are created using the CreateDomain method. AppDomain
instances are used to load and execute assemblies (Assembly). When an AppDomain is no longer in use, it
can be unloaded.
01. public class MyAppDomain: MarshalByRefObject

02. {
03. public string GetInfo()
04. {
05. return AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName;
06. }
07. }
08. public class MyApp
09. {
10. public static void Main()
11. {
12. AppDomain apd = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Rajendrs Domain");
13. MyAppDomain apdinfo = (MyAppDomain) apd.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(Assembly.GetCallingAssembl
14. .GetName()
15. .Name, "MyAppDomain");
16. Console.WriteLine("Application Name = " + apdinfo.GetInfo());
17. }
18. }
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AppDomain concept in ASP.Net
Question 15: What is Query String in ASP?
Answer: A QueryString is a collection of characters input to a computer or web browser. A Query String is
helpful when we want to transfer a value from one page to another. When we need to pass content between
the HTML pages or aspx Web Forms in the context of ASP.NET, a Query String is Easy to use and the Query
String follows a separating character, usually a Question Mark (?). It is basically used for identifying data
appearing after this separating symbol. A Query String Collection is used to retrieve the variable values in the
HTTP query string. If we want to transfer a large amount of data then we can't use the Request.QueryString.
Query Strings are also generated by form submission or can be used by a user typing a query into the
address bar of the browsers.
Syntax of Query String
Request.QueryString(variable)[(index).count]
Advantages:
Simple to Implement
Easy to get information from Query string.
Used to send or read cross domain (from di erent domain).
Disadvantages:
Human Readable
Client browser limit on URL length
Cross paging functionality makes it redundant
Easily modi ed by end user
Query Strings in ASP.Net
InQuestion 16:
Focus What is master page in ASP.NET?
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Answer: The extension of MasterPage is '.master'. MasterPage

Ask acannot be directly accessed
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because it just acts as a template for the other Content Pages. In a MasterPage we can have content either
inside ContentPlaceHolder or outside it. Only content inside the ContentPlaceHolder can be customized in
the Content Page. We can have multiple masters in one web application.A MasterPage can have another
MasterPage as Master to it. The MasterPageFile property of a webform can be set dynamically and it should
be done either in or before the Page_PreInit event of the WebForm. Page.MasterPageFile =
"MasterPage.master". The dynamically set Master Page must have the ContentPlaceHolder whose content
has been customized in the WebForm.
A master page is de ned using the following code:
<%@ master language="C#" %>
Adding a MasterPage to the Project
1. Add a new MasterPage le (MainMaster.master) to the Web Application.

2. Change the Id of ContentPlaceHolder in <Head> to "cphHead" and the Id "ContentPlaceHolder1" to
"cphFirst".
3. Add one more ContentPlaceHolder (cphSecond) to Master page.
4. To the master page add some header, footer and some default content for both the content place
holders.
01. <form id="form1" runat="server"> Header...

02. <br />
03. <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="cphFirst" runat="server"> This is First Content Place Holder
04. <br />
05. <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="cphSecond" runat="server">
This is Second Content Place Holder (Default).
01. </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
02. <br /> Footer...
03. </form>
Master Page in ASP.NET
Question 17: What is tracing in .NET?
Answer: Tracing helps to see the information of issues at the runtime of the application. By default Tracing is
disabled.
Tracing has the following important features:
1. We can see the execution path of the page and application using the debug statement.
In Focus
2. We can access and manipulate trace messages programmatically.

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Tracing can be done with the following 2 types. Ask a Question Contribute
1. Page Level: When the trace output is displayed on the page and for the page-level tracing we need to
set the property of tracing at the page level.
<%@ Page Trace="true" Language="C#"
2. Application: Level: In Application-Level tracing the information is stored for each request of the
application. The default number of requests to store is 10. But if you want to increase the number of
requests and discard the older request and display a recent request then you need to set the property
in the web.con g le.
<trace enabled="true"/>
Introduction to Tracing in .Net
Question 18: What are the data controls available in ASP.NET?
Answer: The Controls having DataSource Property are called Data Controls in ASP.NET. ASP.NET allows
powerful feature of data binding, you can bind any server control to simple properties, collections,
expressions and/or methods. When you use data binding, you have more exibility when you use data from
a database or other means.
Data Bind controls are container controls.
Controls -> Child Control
Data Binding is binding controls to data from databases. With data binding we can bind a control to a
particular column in a table from the database or we can bind the whole table to the data grid.
Data binding provides simple, convenient, and powerful way to create a read/write link between the controls
on a form and the data in their application.
Data binding allows you to take the results of properties, collection, method calls, and database queries and
integrate them with your ASP.NET code. You can combine data binding with Web control rendering to relieve
much of the programming burden surrounding Web control creation. You can also use data binding with
ADO.NET and Web controls to populate control contents from SQL select statements or stored procedures.
Data binding uses a special syntax:
<%# %>
The <%#, which instructs ASP.NET to evaluate the expression. The di erence between a data binding tags
and a regular code insertion tags <% and %> becomes apparent when the expression is evaluated.
InExpressions
Focus within the data binding tags are evaluated only when the DataBind method in the Page objects
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or Web control is called.

Data Bind Control can display data in connected and disconnected model.
Following are data bind controls in ASP.NET:
Repeater Control
DataGrid Control
DataList Control
GridView Control
DetailsView
FormView
DropDownList
ListBox
RadioButtonList
CheckBoxList
BulletList etc.
Data Bind Controls in ASP.NET
Question 19: What are the major events in global.aspx?
Answer: The Global.asax le, which is derived from the HttpApplication class, maintains a pool of
HttpApplication objects, and assigns them to applications as needed. The Global.asax le contains the
following events:
Application_Init
Application_Disposed
Application_Error
Application_Start
Application_End
Application_BeginReques
Major Events in GLOBAL.ASAX le
Question 20: Use of CheckBox in .NET?
Answer: The CheckBox control is a very common control of HTML, unlike radio buttons it can select multiple
items on a webpage. The CheckBox control in ASP.NET has many properties and some of them are listed
below.
Property Description
Specifies whether the form should be posted immediately after the Checked property has changed or
AutoPostBack
not. The default is false.
CausesValidation Specifies if a page is validated when a Button control is clicked.
Checked Specifies whether the check box is checked or not.
InInputAttributes
Focus Attribute names and values used for the Input element for the CheckBox control.
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LabelAttributes Attribute from
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and values used for the Label element for the CheckBox control.
runat Specifies that the control is a server control. Must be set to "server".
Text The text next to the check box.
TextAlign On which side of the check box the text should appear (right or left).
ValidationGroup Group of controls for which the Checkbox control causes validation when it posts back to the server.
OnCheckedChanged The name of the function to be executed when the Checked property has changed.
Use CheckBox inside Gridview in ASP.NET
Question 21: What is the authentication and authorization in ASP.NET?
Answer
Authentication: Prove genuineness

Authorization: process of granting approval or permission on resources.
In ASP.NET authentication means to identify the user or in other words its nothing but to validate that he
exists in your database and he is the proper user.
Authorization means does he have access to a particular resource on the IIS website. A resource can be an
ASP.NET web page, media les (MP4, GIF, JPEG etc), compressed le (ZIP, RAR) etc.
Types of authentication and authorization in ASP.NET
There are three ways of doing authentication and authorization in ASP.NET:
Windows authentication: In this methodology ASP.NET web pages will use local windows users and
groups to authenticate and authorize resources.
Forms Authentication: This is a cookie based authentication where username and password are
stored on client machines as cookie les or they are sent through URL for every request. Form-based
authentication presents the user with an HTML-based Web page that prompts the user for credentials.
In FocusPassport authentication: Passport authentication is based on the passport website provided by the
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hotmail,devhood,windows live etc) where authentication will happen. If Authentication is successful it
will return a token to your website. Ask a Question Contribute
Anonymous access: If you do not want any kind of authentication then you will go for Anonymous
access.
In 'web.con g' le set the authentication mode to 'Windows' as shown in the below code snippets.
01. <authentication mode="Windows"/>
We also need to ensure that all users are denied except authorized users. The below code snippet inside the
authorization tag that all users are denied. '?' indicates any unknown user.
01. <authorization>
02. <deny users="?"/>
03. </authorization>
ASP.NET Authentication and Authorization
Question 22: What are the HTML server control in ASP.NET?
Answer: The Microsoft.NET Framework provides a rich set of server-side controls for developing Web
applications. You can add these controls to WebForms pages just as you add Windows controls to a form.
Server-side controls are often called server controls or Web Forms controls. There are four types of Server
controls: HTML server controls. Web server controls, validation control, and user controls.
HTML Server controls
HTML developers must be familiar with old HTML controls, which they use to write GUI applications in
HTML. These controls are the same HTML controls; you can run these controls on the server by
de ning the runat ="server" attribute. These control names start with Html.
Controls Description
HtmlForm Create an HTML form control, used as a place holder of other controls.
HtmlInputText Creates an input text box control used to get input from user.
HtmltextArea Creates multiline text box control.
HtmlAnchor Creates a Web navigation.
HtmlButton Creates a button control.
HtmlImage Creates an image control, which is used to display an image.
HtmlInputCheckBox Creates a check box control.
HtmlInputRadioButton Creates a radio button control.
HtmlTable Creates a table control.
HtmlTableRow Creates a row within a table.
HtmlTableCell Creates a cell with in a row.
Web Server Controls
Validation Controls
User Controls
InFor
Focus
further info click on the link:
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ASP .NET Server-Side controls
Question 23: What are the authentication modes in ASP.NET for security?
Answer: When you begin a program for a customer using ASP.NET, you should consider about security.
Security is one of the most important components of any application. Security is even more important when
you are making a web application which is exposed to million of users. ASP.NET provides classes and
methods that ensure that the application is secure from outside attacks. In this article we will investigate the
di erent types of authentication provided by ASP.NET. In web.con g le you can set authentication mode
value 'windows' or 'forms'. What's about di erence and how to you use them? (Authentication have some
other values to, this article does not consider them.).
How to use mode "Windows"?
Windows Authentication mode provides the developer to authenticate a user based on Windows user
accounts. This is the default authentication mode provider by ASP.NET. This will return the computer name
along with the user name.
01. <authentication mode="Windows">

02. <forms name=" AuthenticationDemo" loginUrl="logon.aspx" protection="All" path="/"timeout="30" /
03. </authentication>
How to use mode "Forms"?
Insert the <Forms> tag, and ll the appropriate attributes.
01. <authentication mode="Forms">

02. <forms name=" AuthenticationDemo" loginUrl="logon.aspx" protection="All" path="/"timeout="30" /
03. </authentication>
Authentication Modes in ASP.Net for Security
Question 24: What is the web API in ASP.NET?
Answer: It is a framework provided by Microsoft for writing HTTP services. There are many frameworks
available to build HTTP based services. They follow a common guideline of international standardization but
with di erent avors.
For example, all framework must adhere to these status codes-
1xx - Informational Message

2xx - Successful
3xx - Redirection
4xx - Client Error
In Focus5xx - Server Error

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Features:
It is light weight and thus good for small devices also like tablets, smart phones.
No tedious & extensive con guration like WCF REST is required.
MediaTypeFormatter makes easy to con gure your APIs response type in single line (JSON, XML and so
on).
IIS Hosting dependency is no more and it can be hosted in application too.
Easy and simple control with HTTP features such as Caching, Versioning, request/response headers
and its various content formats.
It support content-negotiation (deciding the best response data format that client can accept).
Basic Understanding On ASP.NET Web API
Question 25: Describe application state management in ASP.NET?
Answer: Application Level State Management is used to maintain the state of all the users accessing the web
forms present within the website.
The value assigned for an application is considered as an object.
Application object will not have any default expiration period.
Whenever the webserver has been restarted or stopped then the information maintained by the application
object will be lost.
If any data is stored on the application object then that information will be shared upon all the users
accessing the webserver.
Since the information is shared among all the users, it is advisable to lock and unlock the application object
as per requirement.
Global Application Class(Global.asax):
It is a Class which consists of event handlers which executes the code implicitly whenever a relevant task has
been performed on the web server.Design:
01. <%@ Application Language="C#" %>

02. <script runat="server">
03. void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
04. {
05. // Code that runs on application startup
06. }
07. void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e)
08. {
09. // Code that runs on application shutdown
10. }
11. void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)
12. {
13. // Code that runs when an unhandled error occurs
14 }
14. }
In Focus
15. void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
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How {
17. // Code that runs when a new session is started
18. }
19. void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e) Ask a Question Contribute
20. {
21. // Code that runs when a session ends.
22. }
23. </script>
Application Level State Management in ASP.NET
Question 26: What is the code behind and Inline Code?
Answer:
Code Behind
Code Behind refers to the code for an ASP.NET Web page that is written in a separate class le that can have
the extension of .aspx.cs or .aspx.vb depending on the language used. Here the code is compiled into a
separate class from which the .aspx le derives. You can write the code in a separate .cs or .vb code le for
each .aspx page. One major point of Code Behind is that the code for all the Web pages is compiled into a
DLL le that allows the web pages to be hosted free from any Inline Server Code.
Inline Code
Inline Code refers to the code that is written inside an ASP.NET Web Page that has an extension of .aspx. It
allows the code to be written along with the HTML source code using a <Script> tag. It's major point is that
since it's physically in the .aspx le it's deployed with the Web Form page whenever the Web Page is
deployed.
Code Behind and Inline Code in ASP.NET
Question 27: What is the ASP.NET page life Cycle?
Answer: When a page is requested by the user from the browser, the request goes through a series of steps
and many things happen in the background to produce the output or send the response back to the client.
The periods between the request and response of a page is called the "Page Life Cycle".
Request: Start of the life cycle (sent by the user).

Response: End of the life cycle (sent by the server).
There are four stages that occur during the Page Life Cycle before the HTML Response is returned to the
client. Later in this article we"ll study all these stages and their sub events.
1. Initialization
2. Loading
3. Rendering
In Focus
4. Unloading
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During this stage the IsPostback property is set. The page determines whether the request is a Postback (old
Initialization
Ask a Question
request) or if this is the first time the page is being processed (new request). Controls onContribute
the page are
available and each control's UniqueID property is set. Now if the current request is a postback then the data
has not been loaded and the value of the controls have not yet been restored from the view state.
Loading At this stage if the request is a Postback then it loads the data from the view state.
Before rendering, the View State is saved for the page and its controls. During this phase, the page calls the
Rendering render method for each control, providing a text writer that writes its output to the OutputStream of the
page's Response property.
Unload is called after the page has been fully rendered, sent to the client and is ready to be discarded. At this
Unloading
point also the page properties such as Response and Request are unloaded.
ASP.Net Page Life Cycle
Question 28: What is the ASP.NET page life cycle events?
Answer: We have many events in ASP.NET page life cycle let’s see some most important events:
Page request
When ASP.NET gets a page request, it decides whether to parse and compile the page or there would
be a cached version of the page; accordingly the response is sent,
Starting of page life cycle
At this stage, the Request and Response objects are set. If the request is an old request or post back,
the IsPostBack property of the page is set to true. The UICulture property of the page is also set.
Page initialization
At this stage, the controls on the page are assigned unique ID by setting the UniqueID property and
themes are applied. For a new request postback data is loaded and the control properties are restored
to the view-state values.
Page load
At this stage, control properties are set using the view state and control state values.
Validation
Validate method of the validation control is called and if it runs successfully, the IsValid property of the
page is set to true.
Postback event handling
If the request is a postback (old request), the related event handler is called.
Page rendering
In FocusAt this stage, view state for the page and all controls are saved. The page calls the Render method for
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property.
Unload
The rendered page is sent to the client and page properties, such as Response and Request are
unloaded and all cleanup done.
ASP.NET Page Life Cycle Events
Following are the page life cycle events:
PreInit
PreInit is the rst event in page life cycle. It checks the IsPostBack property and determines whether
the page is a postback. It sets the themes and master pages, creates dynamic controls and gets and
sets pro le property values. This event can be handled by overloading the OnPreInit method or
creating a Page_PreInit handler.
Init
Init event initializes the control property and the control tree is built. This event can be handled by
overloading the OnInit method or creating a Page_Init handler.
InitComplete
InitComplete event allows tracking of view state. All the controls turn on view-state tracking.
LoadViewState
LoadViewState event allows loading view state information into the controls.
LoadPostData
During this phase, the contents of all the input elds de ned with the <form> tag are processed.
PreLoad
PreLoad occurs before the post back data is loaded in the controls. This event can be handled by
overloading the OnPreLoad method or creating a Page_PreLoad handler.
Load
The Load event is raised for the page rst and then recursively for all child controls. The controls in the
control tree are created. This event can be handled by overloading the OnLoad method or creating a
Page_Load handler.
LoadComplete
The loading process is completed, control event handlers are run and page validation takes place. This
In Focusevent can be handled by overloading the OnLoadComplete method or creating a Page_LoadComplete

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handler.
PreRender Ask a Question Contribute
The PreRender event occurs just before the output is rendered. By handling this event, pages and
controls can perform any updates before the output is rendered.
PreRenderComplete
as the PreRender event is recursively red for all child controls, this event ensures the completion of
the pre-rendering phase.
SaveStateComplete
State of control on the page is saved. Personalization, control state and view state information is
saved. The HTML markup is generated. This stage can be handled by overriding the Render method or
creating a Page_Render handler.
UnLoad
The UnLoad phase is the last phase of the page life cycle. It raises the UnLoad event for all controls
recursively and lastly for the page itself. Final cleanup is done and all resources and references, such
as database connections, are freed. This event can be handled by modifying the OnUnLoad method or
creating a Page_UnLoad handler.
Page Life Cycle in ASP.Net and its Events
Question 29: Describe login Controls in ASP?
Answer: The Login control provides the user interface to log a user into a web site. The Login control uses
the Membership service to authenticate the user in your membership system. The default Membership
service from your con guration le will be used automatically, however you can also set the Membership
provider that you would like used as a property on the control.
The Login Control consists of:
Username Label and Textbox: Collects the string used to identify the user in the membership
system.
Password Label and Textbox: Collects the password for the speci ed user. The textbox text is always
obscured.
LoginButton: The button to submit the users request for authentication.
RememberMe: Con gurable to display a checkbox giving the user the option to store a persistent
cookie on the user's machine.
Title and Instruction: Text to orient and guide the user through the process.
Links: Con gurable links to help, password recovery and user registration information.
Validators: Required eld Validators for the username and password textboxes.
For Example:
In Focus
01. <asp:Login ID="Login1" runat="server" BackColor="#FFE0C0" BorderColor="Red" ></asp:Login>

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How to use Login Control in Visual Studio 2008
Question 30: How to use repeater control in ASP.NET?
Answer: A Repeater is a Data-bound control. Data-bound controls are container controls. It creates a link
between the Data Source and the presentation UI to display the data. The repeater control is used to display
a repeated list of items.
The main use of Repeater Control is for displaying a repeated list of items bound to the control. A Repeater
Control is faster and lightweight for displaying data compared to a GridView or DataGrid. With the Repeater
control we can display data in a custom format. The main drawback of a Repeater Control is that it doesn't
support paging and sorting.
The Repeater Control has the following types of template elds:
Item Template
AlternatingItem Template
Header Template
Footer Template
Separator Template
Write connection code and select command in code bihaind le like:
01. protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

02. {
03. SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Data Source=MCNDESKTOP34;Initial Catalog=yatendra;Persi
04. Password = Password$2 ");
05. SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from Student_Details1", con); DataTable
06. }
Now use Repeater control object in .aspx le like:
01. <asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">

02. <ItemTemplate>
03. <div>
04. <table>
05. <tr>
06. <th>Student
07. <%#Eval("S_ID")%>
08. </th>
09. </tr>
10. <tr>
11. <td>Student Name</td>
12. <td>
13. <%#Eval("Student_Name")%>
14. </td>
15. </tr>
16. <tr>
17. <td>Registration Number</td>
18. <td>
19. <%#Eval("Register_No")%>
20. </td>
21. </tr>
In Focus
22. <tr>

23.C# Corner <td>Date Of Birth</td>
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How to protect yourself from
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25. <%#Eval("D_O_B")%>
26. </td> Ask a Question Contribute
27. </tr>
28. <tr>
29. <td>Date Of Examination</td>
30. <td>
31. <%#Eval("D_O_E")%>
32. </td>
33. </tr>
34. <tr>
35. <td>Department</td>
36. <td>
37. <%#Eval("Department")%>
38. </td>
39. </tr>
40. </table>
41. </div>
42. </ItemTemplate>
43. </asp:Repeater>
When you run this page so output will look like as:
In Focus
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ASP.Net Repeater Control Using C#
Question 31: What are di erent methods of session maintenance in

ASP.NET?
Answer: Session is a State Management Technique. A Session can store the value on the Server. It can
support any type of object to be stored along with our own custom objects. A session is one of the best
techniques for State Management because it stores the data as client-based, in other words the data is
stored for every user separately and the data is secured also because it is on the server.
We can set the session on one of the following 2 types of con guration les:
In Focus
1. Machine Con guration le: Machine Con guration is applied for all application.
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2. Application Con guration le: It's applied for only application by application basis.
Session Mode
In ASP.NET there are 4 types of Session Mode.
O : We can disable the session mode for the entire application using the o mode.
According to performance and durability the di erence between InProc,State Server and SQL Server is:
Session mode Performance Durability

InProc More(1 processor and 1 server) less.
InState
FocusServer Medium(n processor and 1 server) Medium
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Less More
For further info click on the link: Ask a Question Contribute
ntroduction To ASP.NET Sessions
Question 32: What is the Di erence between session and caching?
Answer: The rst main di erence between session and caching is: a session is per-user based but caching is
not per-user based, So what does that mean? Session data is stored at the user level but caching data is
stored at the application level and shared by all the users. It means that it is simply session data that will be
di erent for the various users for all the various users, session memory will be allocated di erently on the
server but for the caching only one memory will be allocated on the server and if one user modi es the data
of the cache for all, the user data will be modi ed.
Di erence Between Session and Caching
Question 33: What is the di erence between HttpContext.Current.Items

and HttpContext.Current.Session in ASP.NET?
Answer: Session state is one of the popular state management techniques in ASP.NET environment. We
developer people play with session storage every now and then. It’s pretty simple to manage session if you
understand the basic concept. Here is the syntax to do that.
01. Session[“KEY”] =”Value”;
Or
01. Session[index] = ”Value”;

02. Let’ s a have an example: using System;
03. using System.Collections.Generic;
04. using System.Linq;
05. using System.Web;
06. using System.Web.UI;
07. using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
08. namespace WebApp
09. {
10. public partial class WebForm1: System.Web.UI.Page
11. {
13. {
14. if(!IsPostBack)
15. {
16. HttpContext.Current.Items["Value"] = "Sourav Kayal in ITEM";
17. HttpContext.Current.Session["Value"] = "Sourav Kayal in SESSION";
18. Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Items["Value"]) + "<br>");
19. Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Session["Value"]));
20. }
21. }
22. protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23. {
24. Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Items["Value"]) + "<br>");
25. Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Session["Value"]));
26. }
27.
In Focus }
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Di erence Between HttpContext.Current.Items and HttpContext.Current.Session in ASP.Net
Question 34: What is the di erence between Server.Transfer and

Response.redirect?
Answer: Both Response.Redirect and Server.Transfer methods are used to transfer a user from one web
page to another web page. Both methods are used for the same purpose but still there are some di erences
as follows.
The Response.Redirect method redirects a request to a new URL and speci es the new URL while the
Server.Transfer method for the current request, terminates execution of the current page and starts
execution of a new page using the speci ed URL path of the page.
Both Response.Redirect and Server.Transfer has same syntax like:
01. Response.Redirect("UserDetail.aspx");
02. Server.Transfer("UserDetail.aspx");
Before touching on more points I want to explain some HTTP status codes, these are important for the
understanding of the basic di erences between these two. The HTTP status codes are the codes that the
Web server uses to communicate with the Web browser or user agent.
Di erence Between Response.Redirect() and Server.Transfer() Methods in ASP.Net
Question 35: What is page directives in ASP.NET?
InAnswer:
Focus Basically Page Directives are commands. These commands are used by the compiler when the page

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is compiled.

How to use the directives in an ASP.NET page
It is not di cult to add a directive to an ASP.NET page. It is simple to add directives to an ASP.NET page. You
can write directives in the following format:
<%@[Directive][Attributes]%>
See the directive format, it starts with "<%@" and ends with "%>". The best way is to put the directive at the
top of your page. But you can put a directive anywhere in a page. One more thing, you can put more than
one attribute in a single directive.
Here is the full list of directives:
@Page
@Master
@Control
@Import
@Implements
@Register
@Assembly
@MasterType
@Output Cache
@PreviousPageType
@Reference
ASP.Net Page Directives
Question 36: What is HTTP Handler?
Answer: Every request into an ASP.NET application is handled by a specialized component known as an
HTTP handler. The HTTP handler is the most important ingredient while handling ASP.NET requests.
Examples: ASP.NET uses di erent HTTP handlers to serve di erent le types. For example, the handler for
web Page creates the page and control objects, runs your code, and renders the nal HTML.
ASP.NET default handlers:
1. Page Handler (.aspx) - Handles Web pages.

2. User Control Handler (.ascx) - Handles Web user control pages.
3. Web Service Handler (.asmx) - Handles Web service pages.
4. Trace Handler (trace.axd) - Handles trace functionality.
Why we need to create our own HTTP Handler: Sometime we need to avoid ASP.NET full page processing
model, which saves lot of overheads, as ASP.NET web form model has to go through many steps such as
Increating
Focus web page objects, persisting view state etc. What we are interested into is to develop some low level

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like Request and Response but doesn't use the full control based
web form model discussed above.
Examples:
1. Dynamic image creator - Use the System.Drawing classes to draw and size your own images.
2. RSS - Create a handler that responds with RSS-formatted XML. This would allow you to add RSS feed
capabilities to your sites.
3. Render a custom image,
4. Perform an ad hoc database query,
5. Return some binary data.
All HTTP handlers are de ned in the <httpHandlers> section of a con guration le which is nested in the
<system.web> element.
01. <httpHandlers>
02. <add verb="*" path="trace.axd" validate="true" type="System.Web.Handlers.TraceHandler" />
03. <add verb="*" path="*.config" validate="true" type="System.Web.HttpForbiddenHandler" />
04. <add verb="*" path="*.cs" validate="true" type="System.Web.HttpForbiddenHandler" />
05. <add verb="*" path="*.aspx" validate="true" type="System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory" /> </httpH
Create your rst HTTP Handler in ASP.NET 3.5
Question 37: What are Di erences between ASP.NET HttpHandler and

HttpModule?
Answer: The user requests for a resource on web server. The web server examines the le name extension
of the requested le, and determines which ISAPI extension should handle the request. Then the request is
passed to the appropriate ISAPI extension. For example when an .aspx page is requested it is passed to
ASP.NET page handler. Then Application domain is created and after that di erent ASP.NET objects like
Httpcontext, HttpRequest, HttpResponse are created. Then instance of HttpApplication is created and also
instance of any con gured modules. One can register di erent events of HttpApplication class like
BeginRequest, AuthenticateRequest, AuthorizeRequest, ProcessRequest etc.
HTTP Handler
HTTP Handler is the process which runs in response to a HTTP request. So whenever user requests a le it is
processed by the handler based on the extension. So, custom http handlers are created when you need to
special handling based on the le name extension. Let's consider an example to create RSS for a site. So,
create a handler that generates RSS-formatted XML. Now bind the .rss extension to the custom handler.
HTTP Modules
HTTP Modules are plugged into the life cycle of a request. So when a request is processed it is passed
through all the modules in the pipeline of the request. So generally http modules are used for:
In FocusSecurity: For authenticating a request before the request is handled.

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Custom header: Since response can be modi ed, one Askcan
a Question Contribute
add custom header information to the
response.
Di erence between ASP.NET HttpHandler and HttpModule
Question 38: Explain the AdRotator Control?
Answer: AdRotator control are used to create a dynamic ads. The AdRotator Control presents ad images
each time a user enters or refreshes a webpage. When the ads are clicked, it will navigate to a new Web
location. The AdRotator control is used to display a sequence of ad images.The AdRotator control to work we
need an Advertisement le (XML le) and some sample images.
Adding the AdRotator web server control to your web application. rst, select the AdRotator and drag and
drop the control to your web form. Map the XML le which contains the details about each and every ad.
The advertisement le is an XML le. The following are some of the elements of this XML le.
1. <imageUrl>: Optional. The path to the image le.

2. <NavigateUrl>: Optional. The URL to link to if the user clicks the ad.
3. <AlternateText>: Optional. An alternate text for the image.
4. <Impressions>: Optional. The display rates in percent of the hits.
XML code that has the details about the ads. The le Ads.xml looks like the code below:
01. <Advertisements>
02. <Ad>
03. <ImageUrl>adimages/2.jpg</ImageUrl>
04. <NavigateUrl>http://cat2.com</NavigateUrl>
05. <AlternateText>Cat 2</AlternateText>
06. <Impressions>30</Impressions>
07. </Ad>
08. <Ad>
13. </Ad>
14. <Ad>
19. </Ad>
20. </Advertisements>
AdRotator control in ASP.NET
Question 39: What is cross-page posting in ASP.NET?
InAnswer:
Focus ASP.NET 1.1 provides for web forms posting back only to themselves. In many situations, the
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erent web page. The traditional workaround alternatives were to use
Response.Redirect and/or Server.Transfer to move to a di erent page and simulate cross page post-back
behavior.
ASP.NET 2.0 provides a feature known as Cross Page PostBack for a web form to post-back to a di erent web
form (other than itself)
How to post to a di erent page
To set a web form to post back to a di erent web form, in the source web form, set the PostBackURL
property of a control that implements IButtonControl (eg. Button, ImageButton, LinkButton) to the target
web form. When the user clicks on this button control, the web form is cross-posted to the target web form.
No other settings or code is required in the source web form.
Access source page info within the posted page: FindControl Method
The target web form resulting from the cross-page postback provides a non-null PreviousPage property. This
property represents the source page and provides reference to the source web form and its controls.
The controls on the source page can be accessed via the FindControl method on the object returned by the
PreviousPage property of the target page.

02. {
03. ...
04. TextBox txtStartDate = (TextBox) PreviousPage.FindControl("txtStartDate ");
05. ...
06. }
At this point the target page does not have any knowledge of the source page. The PreviousPage property is
of the type Page. For accessing controls using FindControl, the developer has to presume a certain structure
in the source web form. This approach using FindControl has a few limitations. FindControl is dependent on
the developer to provide the ids of the controls to access. The code will stop working if the control id is
changed in the source web form. The FindControl method can retrieve controls only within the current
container. If you need to access a control within another control, you need to rst get a reference to the
parent control.
Access source page info within the posted page: @PreviousPageType Directive
There is another more direct option to get access to the source page controls if the source page is pre-
determined. The @PreviousPageType directive can be used in the target page to strongly type the source
page. The directive speci es the source page using either the VirtualPath attribute or the TypeName
attribute. The PreviousPage property then returns a strongly typed reference to the source page. It allows
access to the public properties of the source page.
SourcePage.aspx:
01. <form runat="server"> ...

02. <asp:textbox runat="server" id="txtFirstName" />
03. <asp:textbox runat="server" id="txtLastName" />
04.
In Focus <asp:button runat="server" id="btnViewReport" Text="View Report" PostbackURL="~/targetpage.asp
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TargetPage.aspx Ask a Question Contribute
01. <%@ PreviousPageType VirtualPath="sourcepage.aspx" %>

02. string strFirstName;
03. strFirstName = PreviousPage.FirstName //Strongly Typed PreviousPage allows direct access to the pu
Cross Page Postback in ASP.Net 2.0
Question 40: Explain GridView control in ASP.NET?
Answer: The GridView control displays the values of a data source in a table. Each column represents a eld,
while each row represents a record. The GridView control supports the following features:
Binding to data source controls, such as SqlDataSource.

Built-in sort capabilities.
Built-in update and delete capabilities.
Built-in paging capabilities.
Built-in row selection capabilities.
Programmatic access to the GridView object model to dynamically set properties, handle events, and
so on.
Multiple key elds.
Multiple data elds for the hyperlink columns.
Customizable appearance through themes and styles.
Creating a GridView
01. <asp:GridView ID="gridService" runat="server">

02. </asp:GridView>
GridView Control in ASP.Net
Question 41: What is the di erence between ASP.NET Web API and WCF?
Answer: The ASP. NET Web API is a framework that uses the HTTP services and makes it easy to provide the
response to the client request. The response depends on the request of the clients. The Web API builds the
HTTP services, and handles the request using the HTTP protocols. The request may be GET, POST, DELETE,
PUT. We can also say that the ASP. NET Web API:
Is an HTTP service.
Is designed for reaching the broad range of clients.
Uses the HTTP application.
InWe
Focus
use the ASP. NET Web API for creating the REST ful (Representational State Transfer) services.
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The following are some important points of the ASP. NET Web API:
The ASP. NET Web API supports the MVC application features that are controller, media formatters,
routing etcetera.
It is a platform for creating the REST services.
It is a framework for creating the HTTP services.
Responses can be formatted by the APIs MediaTypeFormatter into the Java Script Object Notation
(JSON) and Extencible Markup Language (XML) formats.
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/2b481f/di erence-between-Asp-Net-web-api-and-wc
Question 42: What is the PostBack property in ASP.NET?
Answer: If we create a web Page, which consists of one or more Web Controls that are con gured to use
AutoPostBack (Every Web controls will have their own AutoPostBack property), the ASP.NET adds a special
JavaScipt function to the rendered HTML Page. This function is named _doPostBack() . When Called, it
triggers a PostBack, sending data back to the web Server.
ASP.NET also adds two additional hidden input elds that are used to pass information back to the server.
This information consists of ID of the Control that raised the event and any additional information if needed.
These elds will empty initially as shown below,
01. <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" />

02. <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" />
The following actions will be taken place when a user changes a control that has the AutoPostBack property
set to true:
1. On the client side, the JavaScript _doPostBack function is invoked, and the page is resubmitted to the
server.
2. ASP.NET re-creates the Page object using the .aspx le.
3. ASP.NET retrieves state information from the hidden view state eld and updates the controls
accordingly.
4. The Page.Load event is red.
5. The appropriate change event is red for the control. (If more than one control has been changed, the
order of change events is undetermined.)
6. The Page.PreRender event res, and the page is rendered (transformed from a set of objects to an
HTML page).
7. Finally, the Page.Unload event is red.
8. The new page is sent to the client.
What is PostBack in ASP.NET
InQuestion 43:
Focus Explain Cookie-less Session in ASP.NET.
C#toCorner
Answer: By default a session uses a cookie in the background.

Ask aToQuestion
enable a cookie-less session, we need to
Contribute
change some con guration in the Web.Con g le. Follow these steps:
1. Open Web.Con g le.

2. Add a <sessionState> tag under <system.web> tag.
3. Add an attribute "cookieless" in the <sessionState> tag and set its value to "AutoDetect" like below:
01. <sessionState cookieless="AutoDetect" regenerateExpiredSessionId="true"/>
The possible values for "cookieless" attribute are:
AutoDetect: Session uses background cookie if cookies are enabled. If cookies are disabled, then the
URL is used to store session information.
UseCookie: Session always use background cookie. This is default.
UseDevicePro le: Session uses background cookie if browser supports cookies else URL is used.
UseUri: Session always use URL.
"regenerateExpiredSessionId" is used to ensure that if a cookieless url is expired a new new url is created
with a new session. And if the same cookieless url is being used by multiple users an the same time, they all
get a new regenerated session url.
Using Cookie-less Session in ASP.NET
Question 44: What is Themes in ASP.NET?
Answer: A theme decides the look and feel of the website. It is a collection of les that de ne the looks of a
page. It can include skin les, CSS les & images.
We de ne themes in a special App_Themes folder. Inside this folder is one or more subfolders named
Theme1, Theme2 etc. that de ne the actual themes. The theme property is applied late in the page's life
cycle, e ectively overriding any customization you may have for individual controls on your page.
How to apply themes
There are 3 di erent options to apply themes to our website:
1. Setting the theme at the page level: the Theme attribute is added to the page directive of the page.
01. <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs"Inherits="Default" T
2. Setting the theme at the site level: to set the theme for the entire website you can set the theme in the
web.con g of the website. Open the web.con g le and locate the <pages> element and add the
In Focustheme attribute to it:

C#toCorner
01. <pages theme="Theme1">
02. .... Ask a Question Contribute
03. ....
04. </pages>
3. Setting the theme programmatically at runtime: here the theme is set at runtime through coding. It
should be applied earlier in the page's life cycle ie. Page_PreInit event should be handled for setting
the theme. The better option is to apply this to the Base page class of the site as every page in the site
inherits from this class.
01. Page.Theme = Theme1;
Uses of Themes
1. Since themes can contain CSS les, images and skins, you can change colors, fonts, positioning and
images simply by applying the desired themes.
2. You can have as many themes as you want and you can switch between them by setting a single
attribute in the web.con g le or an individual aspx page. Also you can switch between themes
programmatically.
3. Setting the themes programmatically, you are o ering your users a quick and easy way to change the
page to their likings.
4. Themes allow you to improve the usability of your site by giving users with vision problems the option
to select a high contrast theme with a large font size.
Themes in ASP.NET
Question 45: What are the Navigations technique in ASP.NET?
Answer: Navigation can cause data loss if it not properly handled. We do have many techniques to transfer
data from one page to another but every technique has its own importance and bene ts.
We will discuss the following techniques in this article.
Response.Redirect
Server.Transfer
Server.Exceute
Cross page posting
Navigation Techniques in ASP.Net
Question 46: What is WebParts in ASP.NET?
Answer: ASP.NET 2.0 incorporates the concept of WEB PARTS in itself and we can code and explore that as
easily as we have done with the other controls in the previous sessions.
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"web parts", which can be web controls, user controls.

Component of Web Parts:
The web parts consist of di erent components like:
Web Part Manager

Web Part Zone
CatLog Part
CatLog Zone
Connections Zone
Editor Part
Editor Zone
Web Part Zone
Web Part Zone can contain one or more Web Part controls.
This provides the layout for the Controls it contains. A single ASPX page can contain one or more Web
Part Zones.
A Web Part Control can be any of the controls in the toolbox or even the customized user controls.
Understanding WEBPARTS in ASP.NET 2.0: Part I
Question 47: What are master pages?
Answer: Some points about Master Pages:
1. The extension of MasterPage is '.master'.
2. MasterPage cannot be directly accessed from the client because it just acts as a template for the other
Content Pages.
3. In a MasterPage we can have content either inside ContentPlaceHolder or outside it. Only content
inside the ContentPlaceHolder can be customized in the Content Page.
4. We can have multiple masters in one web application.
5. A MasterPage can have another MasterPage as Master to it.
6. The content page content can be placed only inside the content tag.
7. Controls of MasterPage can be programmed in the MasterPage and content page but a content page
control will never be programmed in MasterPage.
8. A master page of one web application cannot be used in another web application.
9. The MasterPageFile property of a webform can be set dynamically and it should be done either in or
before the Page_PreInit event of the WebForm. Page.MasterPageFile = "MasterPage.master". The
In Focusdynamically set Master Page must have the ContentPlaceHolder whose content has been customized
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10. The order in which events are raised: Load (Page) a Load Questiona LoadComplete (Page)
Contribute
i.e. if we
want to overwrite something already done in Load event handler of Master then it should be coded in
the LoadComplete event of the page.
11. Page_Load is the name of method for event handler for Load event of Master. (it's not Master_Load).
Master Page in ASP.NET
Question 48: What is Data Cache in ASP.NET and how to use?
Answer: Data Cache is used to store frequently used data in the Cache memory. It's much e cient to
retrieve data from the data cache instead of database or other sources. We need to use System.Web.Caching
namespace. The scope of the data caching is within the application domain unlike "session". Every user is
able to access this object.
When client request to the server, server execute the stored procedure or function or select statements on
the Sql Server database then it returns the response to the browser. If we run again same process will
happen on the web server with sql server.
How to create data cache?
Cache ["Employee"] = "DataSet Name"
We can create data caching use Cache Keyword. It's located in the System.Web.Caching namespace. It's just
like assigning value to the variable.
How to remove a Data Cache?
We can remove Data Cache manually.
01. //We need to specify the cache name

02. Cache.Remove(String key);
Data Cache in ASP.NET
Question 49: Enterprise Library in ASP.NET?
Answer: Enterprise Library: It is a collection of application blocks and core infrastructure. Enterprise library
is the reusable software component designed for assisting the software developers.
We use the Enterprise Library when we want to build application blocks intended for the use of developers
who create complex enterprise level application.
In Focus
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How
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Application Blockshacking
1. Security Application Block Ask a Question Contribute
Security Application Block provide developers to incorporate security functionality in the application.
This application can use various blocks such as authenticating and authorizing users against the
database.
2. Exception Handling Application Block
This block provides the developers to create consistency for processing the error that occur
throughout the layers of Enterprise Application.
3. Cryptography Application Block
Cryptography application blocks provides developers to add encryption and hashing functionality in
the applications.
4. Caching Application Block
Caching Application Block allows developers to incorporate local cache in the applications.
Enterprise Library In ASP.NET
Question 50: How can we improve the Performance of an ASP.NET Web

Page?
Answer: This is the most common question from ASP.NET forum to any interview. In this post I’m going to
point out some of the important points that may help to improve the performance.
Here I used the word “improve performance” in the sense to decrease the loading time of the page. There
are various reasons behind. Some of them we look into from the “backend side” (Database side) and rest of
them we need to take care in “front-end” ((UI) side.
For illustrative purpose, you have an ASP.NET Web site, one of the aspx page take much time to load.
Throughout this article, we are going to see how to decrease the loading time.
Back End (DB)
1. Try to check the Query performance that is how much time the query will take to execute and pull the
records from DB. Then use SQL Server Pro ler and Execution plan for that query so that you can come
to a conclusion in which part it took much time.
2. Check in every table (who are all part of the query) Index is created properly.
3. If your query involves a complex stored procedure, which in turn use lot of joins, then you should
focus on every table. In some cases, sub-query perform better than the joins.
In Focus

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If your
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online concepts,
hacking try to move the paging concepts to SQL Server. I meant that
based on the page count the SP will return the records, instead of bringing the records as a whole.
Improve The Performance Of An ASP.NET Web Page
You can enhance your knowledge more, by reading the following articles.

ASP.NET MVC Series For Beginners: Part 1

CRUD Operations in NancyFx Using ASP.Net and FluentNHibernate by Repository Pattern
ASP.NET 2.0 FileUpload Control
ASP.NET MVC Series For Beginners: Part 2
Gridview Edit Delete and Update in ASP.NET
Working with DropDownList and ListBox Controls in ASP.NET
ASP.Net 2.0: Export GridView to Excel
Implementing MVC Design Pattern in .NET
Building a 3-Tier Application Using ASP.Net
Top 10 Features In ASP.NET 4.5
ASP.NET ASP.NET Interview Questions Learn ASP.NET Questions Answers of ASP.NET
Nitin Pandit
With over 6 years of vast development experience on di erent technologies, Nitin Pandit is
Microsoft certi ed Most Valued Professional (Microsoft MVP) as well as a C# Corner MVP.
His rich skill set includes developing ... Read more
http://www.tutorialslink.com/
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Thanks for sharing ASP.NET interview questions and answers, as I am currently going for the
interview as an ASP.net developer at DivBox.in and this article is very useful.
Gage Poon Aug 09, 2018
1687 2 0 1 0 Reply
Could you please elaborate more on "Update les while the server is running" in Advantages of
ASP.NET section ?
Sachin Kumar Dec 18, 2017
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In Focus Thank you.. very detailed

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Padmaja Vudathafrom online hacking Oct 13, 2017
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I am currently looking for jobs and this article has been very useful.
Deepsona Das Sep 07, 2017
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Guru G very nice article...

Manoj Pathak Sep 01, 2017
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Http://keranservices.blogspot.com/2017/03/aspnet-interview-questions-and-answers.html
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It is very nice thank you

Ismail M. Bakr Dec 15, 2016
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Nice Explanation
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nice artical
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What are the advantages of ASP.NET?

What are the advantages of ASP.NET?

What are some of the key classes provided by the .NET framework?

What are some of the key classes provided by the .NET framework?

8/31/2018 ASP.

NET Interview Questions And Answers

Nitin Pandit Oct 30 2015 Article

Download Free O ce API

Question 1: What is ASP.NET?

1. Separation of Code from HTML:

2. Support for compiled languages:

3. Use services provided by the .NET Framework:

4. Graphical Development Environment:

6. Update les while the server is running:

7. XML-Based Con guration Files:

Like ASP, ASP.NET is a server-side technology.

For further information click on the link:

Question 2: What are the di erent validators in ASP.NET?

There are the following two types of validation in ASP.NET:

Ask a Question Contribute

The following are the Validation Controls in ASP.NET:

For further information click on the link:

Validation Controls in ASP.Net

Question 3: What is View State?

Features of View State

These are the main features of view state:

Advantages of View State

For further information click on the link:

What is View State and How it Works in ASP.NET

Client-Side State Management Options

Client-Side State Management

Some client-based state management options are:

Server-Side State Management

Server-side state management enables you to manage application-related and session-related

Ask a Question Contribute

For further information click on the link:

State Management in ASP.Net

Question 5: What is caching in ASP.NET?

Caching in ASP.Net Ask a Question Contribute

Question 6: How can we apply themes in ASP.NET application?

Ask a Question Contribute

For further information click on the link:

Creating Web Application Using Themes in ASP.NET

Question 7: What is MVC?

Ask a Question Contribute

The ASP.NET MVC framework o ers the following advantages:

For further information click on the link:

Getting Started With ASP.Net MVC

Question 8: What are Cookies in ASP.NET?

List of properties containing the HttpCookies Class:

Introduction To Cookies in ASP.Net

Question 9: What is Ajax in ASP.NET?

For further info click on the link:

Introduction to Ajax and Ajax Control Toolkit

Question 10: What are Web Services in ASP.NET?

Language Independent. Ask a Question Contribute

Key Web Service Technologies:

For further info click on the link:

ASP.NET Web Service Basics