Sebm025608

SEBM025608
MACHINE MODEL SERIAL No.

D31EX-21 50001 and up
D31PX-21 50001 and up
D37EX-21 5001 and up
D37PX-21 5001 and up
• This shop manual may contain attachments and optional equipment that are not available
in your area. Please consult your local Komatsu distributor for those items you may
require. Materials and specifications are subject to change without notice.
• D31, D37EX, PX-21 mount the SAA4D102E-2 engine.

For details of the engine, see the 102-2 Series Engine Shop Manual.
© 2007
All Rights Reserved
Printed in Japan 11-07 (01)
00-1
(8)
GENERAL
CONTENTS
No. of page
01 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 01-1
10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,

MAINTENANCE STANDARD............................................ 10-1
20 TESTING AND ADJUSTING ........................................................................ 20-1
30 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ..................................................... 30-1
90 OTHERS ................................................................................................................................ 90-1
00-2 D31/37EX,PX-21
LIST OF REVISED PAGES
The affected pages are indicated by the use of the

following marks. It is requested that necessary
actions be taken to these pages according to the Mark Indication Action required
table below.
Q Page to be newly added Add
q Page to be replaced Replace
( ) Page to be deleted Discard
Pages having no marks are those previously revised

or made additions.

Time of Time of Time of Time of Time of
Mark Page Mark Page Mark Page Mark Page Mark Page
revision revision revision revision revision
q 00-1 (8) Q 00-26 (8) 10-9 (5) 10-36 10-62
00-2 (1) Q 00-27 (8) 10-9-1 (5) 10-37 10-63
q 00-2-1 (8) Q 00-28 (8) 10-9-2 (5) 10-38 10-64
q 00-2-2 (8) Q 00-29 (8) 10-10 (5) 10-39 10-65
q 00-2-3 (8) 10-11 10-40 10-66
q 00-3 (8) 10-12 10-41 10-67
q 00-4 (8) 01-1 10-13 10-42 10-68
q 00-5 (8) 01-2 10-14 10-43 10-69
q 00-6 (8) 01-3 10-15 10-44 10-70 (4)
q 00-7 (8) 01-4 (7) 10-17 10-45 10-71
q 00-8 (8) 01-5 (5) 10-18 10-46 (5) 10-72
q 00-9 (8) 01-5-1 (7) 10-19 10-47 10-73
q 00-10 (8) 01-5-2 (5) 10-20 10-48 10-74
q 00-11 (8) 01-6 (7) 10-21 10-49 10-75
q 00-12 (8) 01-7 (7) 10-22 10-50 10-76
q 00-13 (8) 01-8 10-23 10-51 10-77 (5)
q 00-14 (8) 01-9 10-24 10-51-1 (5) 10-78
q 00-15 (8) 01-10 10-25 10-51-2 (5) 10-79
q 00-16 (8) 01-11 10-26 10-51-3 (5) 10-80
q 00-17 (8) 01-12 (7) 10-27 10-52 10-81
q 00-18 (8) 10-28 10-53 10-82
q 00-19 (8) 10-1 10-29 10-54 10-83
q 00-20 (8) 10-2 (7) 10-30 10-55 10-84
q 00-21 (8) 10-3 10-31 10-56 10-85
q 00-22 (8) 10-5 10-32 10-57 10-86
Q 00-23 (8) 10-6 10-33 10-58 10-87
Q 00-24 (8) 10-7 10-34 10-60 10-88
Q 00-25 (8) 10-8 (5) 10-35 10-61 10-89
D31/37EX,PX-21 00-2-1
(8)

10-90 20-7 (1) 20-134 (1) q 20-231 (8) 20-314 (1)

10-91 20-8 (1) 20-135 (1) q 20-232 (8) 20-315 (1)
10-92 20-9 (1) 20-136 (1) q 20-233 (8) 20-316 (1)
10-93 20-10 (1) 20-137 (1) q 20-234 (8) 20-317 (1)
10-94 20-138 (1) q 20-235 (8) 20-318 (1)
10-95 q 20-101 (8) 20-139 (1) q 20-236 (8) 20-319 (1)
10-96 q 20-102 (8) 20-140 (1) q 20-237 (8) 20-320 (1)
10-97 Q 20-102-1 (8) 20-141 (1) q 20-238 (8) 20-321 (1)
10-98 20-103 (1) q 20-239 (8) 20-322 (1)
10-99 20-104 (1) q 20-201 (8) Q 20-240 (8) 20-323 (1)
10-100 20-105 (1) 20-202 (1) Q 20-241 (8) 20-324 (1)
10-101 20-106 (1) 20-203 (1) Q 20-242 (8) 20-325 (1)
10-102 20-107 (1) q 20-204 (8) Q 20-243 (8) 20-326 (1)
10-103 20-108 (1) q 20-205 (8) Q 20-244 (8) 20-327 (1)
10-104 20-109 (1) q 20-206 (8) Q 20-245 (8) 20-328 (1)
10-105 20-110 (1) q 20-207 (8) Q 20-246 (8) 20-329 (1)
10-106 q 20-111 (8) q 20-208 (8) Q 20-247 (8)
10-107 q 20-112 (8) q 20-209 (8) Q 20-248 (8) 20-401 (1)
10-108 q 20-113 (8) q 20-210 (8) Q 20-249 (8) 20-402 (1)
10-109 Q 20-113-1 (8) q 20-211 (8) Q 20-250 (8) 20-303 (1)
10-110 (5) 20-114 (1) Q 20-211-1 (8) Q 20-251 (8) 20-404 (1)
10-111 q 20-115 (8) 20-212 (1) Q 20-252 (8) 20-405 (1)
10-112 (5) q 20-116 (8) 20-213 (1) Q 20-253 (8) 20-406 (1)
10-113 q 20-117 (8) 20-214 (1) Q 20-254 (8) 20-407 (1)
10-114 20-118 (1) 20-215 (1) Q 20-255 (8) 20-408 (1)
10-115 20-119 (1) 20-216 (1) Q 20-256 (8) 20-409 (1)
10-116 20-120 (6) 20-217 (1) 20-410 (1)
10-117 (7) q 20-121 (8) q 20-218 (8) 20-301 (1) 20-411 (1)
10-118 q 20-122 (8) q 20-219 (8) 20-302 (1) 20-412 (1)
10-119 20-123 (3) q 20-220 (8) 20-303 (1) 20-413 (1)
10-120 q 20-124 (8) q 20-221 (8) 20-304 (1) 20-414 (1)
10-121 20-125 (1) q 20-222 (8) 20-305 (1) 20-415 (1)
q 20-126 (8) q 20-223 (8) 20-306 (1) 20-416 (1)
20-127 (1) q 20-224 (8) 20-307 (1) 20-417 (1)
20-1 (1) 20-128 (1) q 20-225 (8) 20-308 (1)
20-2 (1) 20-129 (1) q 20-226 (8) 20-309 (1) 20-501 (1)
20-3 (4) 20-130 (1) q 20-227 (8) 20-310 (1) 20-502 (1)
20-4 (2) 20-131 (1) q 20-228 (8) 20-311 (1) 20-504 (1)
q 20-5 (8) 20-132 (1) q 20-229 (8) 20-312 (1) 20-505 (1)
q 20-6 (8) 20-133 (1) q 20-230 (8) 20-313 (1) 20-506 (1)
00-2-2 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)

20-507 (1) q 30-1 (8) 30-39 (1) 30-79 (1)

20-508 (1) q 30-2 (8) q 30-40 (8) 30-80 (1)
20-509 (1) q 30-3 (8) q 30-41 (8) 30-81 (1)
20-510 (1) q 30-4 (8) q 30-42 (8) 30-82 (1)
20-511 (1) Q 30-4-1 (8) q 30-43 (8) 30-83 (1)
20-512 (1) Q 30-4-2 (8) q 30-44 (8)
20-513 (1) 30-5 (1) 30-45 (1)
20-514 (1) 30-6 (1) 30-46 (1) 90-1 (7)
20-515 (1) 30-7 (1) 30-47 (1) 90-3 (5)
20-516 (1) 30-8 (1) 30-48 (1) 90-3-2 (5)
20-517 (1) 30-9 (1) 30-49 (1) 90-5
20-518 (1) 30-10 (1) 30-50 (1) 90-5-2 (5)
20-519 (1) 30-11 (1) 30-51 (1) 90-7 (7)
30-12 (1) 30-52 (1) 90-9 (7)
Q 20-601 (8) 30-13 (1) 30-53 (1) 90-11 (7)
Q 20-602 (8) 30-14 (1) 30-54 (1)
Q 20-603 (8) 30-15 (1) 30-55 (1)
Q 20-604 (8) 30-16 (1) 30-56 (1)
Q 20-605 (8) 30-17 (1) 30-57 (1)
Q 20-606 (8) 30-18 (1) 30-58 (1)
Q 20-607 (8) 30-19 (1) 30-59 (1)
Q 20-608 (8) 30-20 (1) 30-60 (1)
Q 20-609 (8) 30-21 (1) 30-61 (1)
Q 20-610 (8) 30-22 (1) 30-62 (1)
Q 20-611 (8) 30-23 (1) 30-63 (1)
Q 20-612 (8) 30-24 (1) 30-64 (1)
Q 20-613 (8) 30-25 (1) 30-65 (1)
Q 20-614 (8) 30-26 (1) 30-66 (1)
Q 20-615 (8) 30-27 (1) 30-67 (1)
Q 20-616 (8) 30-28 (1) 30-68 (1)
Q 20-617 (8) 30-29 (1) 30-69 (1)
Q 20-618 (8) 30-30 (1) 30-70 (1)
Q 20-619 (8) 30-31 (1) 30-71 (1)
Q 20-620 (8) 30-32 (1) 30-72 (1)
Q 20-621 (8) 30-33 (1) 30-73 (1)
Q 20-622 (8) 30-34 (1) 30-74 (1)
Q 20-623 (8) 30-35 (1) 30-75 (1)
30-36 (1) 30-76 (1)
30-37 (1) 30-77 (1)
30-38 (1) 30-78 (1)
D31/37EX,PX-21 00-2-3
(8)
FOREWORD SAFETY NOTICE
SAFETY NOTICE (Rev. 2007/03)

Important safety notice
Proper service and repair are extremely important for safe machine operation. The service and repair
techniques recommended by Komatsu and described in this manual are both effective and safe. Some
of these techniques require the use of tools specially designed by Komatsu for the specific purpose.
To prevent injury to workers, the symbol k is used to mark safety precautions in this manual. The cau-
tions accompanying these symbols should always be followed carefully. If any dangerous situation
arises or may possibly arise, first consider safety, and take the necessary actions to deal with the situa-
tion.
1. General precautions 8) Before starting work, warm up your body

k Mistakes in operation are extremely dan- thoroughly to start work under good condi-
gerous. Read the Operation and Mainte- tion.
nance Manual carefully before operating
the machine. Safety points
1) Before carrying out any greasing or repairs,
1 Good arrangement
read all the safety plates stuck to the
machine. For the locations of the safety 2 Correct work clothes
plates and detailed explanation of precau- 3 Following work standard
tions, see the Operation and Maintenance
4 Making and checking signs
Manual.
2) Decide a place in the repair workshop to Prohibition of operation and handling by
5
keep tools and removed parts. Always keep unlicensed workers
the tools and parts in their correct places. 6 Safety check before starting work
Always keep the work area clean and make Wearing protective goggles
sure that there is no dirt, water, or oil on the 7
(for cleaning or grinding work)
floor. Smoke only in the areas provided for
smoking. Never smoke while working. Wearing shielding goggles and protectors
8
(for welding work)
3) When carrying out any operation, always
wear safety shoes and helmet. Do not wear 9 Good physical condition and preparation
loose work clothes, or clothes with buttons Precautions against work which you are
missing. 10
not used to or you are used to too much
• Always wear safety glasses when hitting
parts with a hammer.
• Always wear safety glasses when grind- 2. Preparations for work
ing parts with a grinder, etc. 1) Before adding oil or making any repairs,
4) When carrying out any operation with 2 or park the machine on hard and level ground,
more workers, always agree on the operat- and apply the parking brake and block the
ing procedure before starting. Always inform wheels or tracks to prevent the machine
your fellow workers before starting any step from moving.
of the operation. Before starting work, hang 2) Before starting work, lower the work equip-
UNDER REPAIR warning signs in the oper- ment (blade, ripper, bucket, etc.) to the
ator's compartment. ground. If this is not possible, insert the lock
5) Only qualified workers must carry out work pin or use blocks to prevent the work equip-
and operation which require license or quali- ment from falling. In addition, be sure to lock
fication. all the control levers and hang warning
6) Keep all tools in good condition, learn the signs on them.
correct way to use them, and use the proper 3) When disassembling or assembling, support
ones of them. Before starting work, thor- the machine with blocks, jacks, or stands
oughly check the tools, machine, forklift, before starting work.
service car, etc. 4) Remove all mud and oil from the steps or
7) If welding repairs are needed, always have other places used to get on and off the
a trained and experienced welder carry out machine. Always use the handrails, ladders
the work. When carrying out welding work, or steps when getting on or off the machine.
always wear welding gloves, apron, shield- Never jump on or off the machine. If it is
ing goggles, cap and other clothes suited for impossible to use the handrails, ladders or
welding work. steps, use a stand to provide safe footing.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-3

(8)
3. Precautions during work 11) When installing high pressure hoses, make
1) Before disconnecting or removing compo- sure that they are not twisted. Damaged
nents of the oil, water, or air circuits, first tubes are dangerous, so be extremely care-
release the pressure completely from the ful when installing tubes for high pressure
circuit. When removing the oil filler cap, a circuits. In addition, check that connecting
drain plug, or an oil pressure pickup plug, parts are correctly installed.
loosen it slowly to prevent the oil from spurt- 12) When assembling or installing parts, always
ing out. tighten them to the specified torques. When
2) The coolant and oil in the circuits are hot installing protective parts such as guards, or
when the engine is stopped, so be careful parts which vibrate violently or rotate at high
not to get scalded. Wait for the oil and cool- speed, be particularly careful to check that
ant to cool before carrying out any work on they are installed correctly.
the oil or water circuits. 13) When aligning 2 holes, never insert your fin-
3) Before starting work, stop the engine. When gers or hand. Be careful not to get your fin-
working on or around a rotating part, in par- gers caught in a hole.
ticular, stop the engine. When checking the 14) When measuring hydraulic pressure, check
machine without stopping the engine (meas- that the measuring tools are correctly
uring oil pressure, revolving speed, temper- assembled.
ature, etc.), take extreme care not to get 15) Take care when removing or installing the
rolled or caught in rotating parts or moving tracks of track-type machines. When remov-
parts. ing the track, the track separates suddenly,
4) Before starting work, remove the leads from so never let anyone stand at either end of
the battery. Always remove the lead from the track.
the negative (–) terminal first. 16) If the engine is operated for a long time in a
5) When raising a heavy component (heavier place which is not ventilated well, you may
than 25 kg), use a hoist or crane. Before suffer from gas poisoning. Accordingly, open
starting work, check that the slings (wire the windows and doors to ventilate well.
ropes, chains, and hooks) are free from
damage. Always use slings which have
ample capacity and install them to proper
places. Operate the hoist or crane slowly to
prevent the component from hitting any
other part. Do not work with any part still
raised by the hoist or crane.
6) When removing a cover which is under
internal pressure or under pressure from a
spring, always leave 2 bolts in diagonal
positions. Loosen those bolts gradually and
alternately to release the pressure, and then
remove the cover.
7) When removing components, be careful not
to break or damage the electrical wiring.
Damaged wiring may cause electrical fires.
8) When removing piping, stop the fuel or oil
from spilling out. If any fuel or oil drips onto
the floor, wipe it up immediately. Fuel or oil
on the floor can cause you to slip and can
even start fires.
9) As a general rule, do not use gasoline to
wash parts. Do not use it to clean electrical
parts, in particular.
10) Be sure to assemble all parts again in their
original places. Replace any damaged parts
and parts which must not be reused with
new parts. When installing hoses and wires,
be sure that they will not be damaged by
contact with other parts when the machine is
operated.
00-4 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
4. Precautions for sling work and making signs

1) Only one appointed worker must make
signs and co-workers must communicate
with each other frequently. The appointed
sign maker must make specified signs
clearly at a place where he is seen well from
the operator's seat and where he can see
the working condition easily. The sign maker
must always stand in front of the load and
guide the operator safely.
• Do not stand under the load.
• Do not step on the load.
2) Check the slings before starting sling work.
3) Keep putting on gloves during sling work.
(Put on leather gloves, if available.)
8) When installing wire ropes to an angular
4) Measure the weight of the load by the eye
load, apply pads to protect the wire ropes. If
and check its center of gravity.
the load is slippery, apply proper material to
5) Use proper sling according to the weight of
prevent the wire rope from slipping.
the load and method of slinging. If too thick
9) Use the specified eyebolts and fix wire
wire ropes are used to sling a light load, the
ropes, chains, etc. to them with shackles,
load may slip and fall.
etc.
6) Do not sling a load with 1 wire rope alone. If
10) Apply wire ropes to the middle portion of the
it is slung so, it may rotate and may slip out
hook.
of the rope. Install 2 or more wire ropes
• Slinging near the tip of the hook may
symmetrically.
k Slinging with 1 rope may cause turn-
cause the rope to slip off the hook during
hoisting. The hook has the maximum
ing of the load during hoisting, un-
strength at the middle portion.
twisting of the rope, or slipping of
the rope from its original winding po-
sition on the load, which can result
in a dangerous accident.
7) Limit the hanging angle to 60°, as a rule.
Do not sling a heavy load with ropes forming
a wide hanging angle from the hook.
When hoisting a load with 2 or more ropes,
the force subjected to each rope will
increase with the hanging angle. The table
below shows the variation of allowable load
in kN {kg} when hoisting is made with 2
ropes, each of which is allowed to sling up
to 9.8 kN {1,000 kg} vertically, at various
hanging angles. When the 2 ropes sling a
load vertically, up to 19.6 kN {2,000 kg} of 11) Do not use twisted or kinked wire ropes.
total weight can be suspended. This weight 12) When lifting up a load, observe the follow-
is reduced to 9.8 kN {1,000 kg} when the 2 ing.
ropes make a hanging angle of 120°. If the 2 • Wind in the crane slowly until wire ropes
ropes sling a 19.6 kN {2,000 kg} load at a are stretched. When settling the wire
lifting angle of 150°, each of them is sub- ropes with the hand, do not grasp them
jected to a force as large as 39.2 kN {4,000 but press them from above. If you grasp
kg}. them, your fingers may be caught.
• After the wire ropes are stretched, stop
the crane and check the condition of the
slung load, wire ropes, and pads.
• If the load is unstable or the wire rope or
chains are twisted, lower the load and lift
it up again.
• Do not lift up the load slantingly.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-5

(8)
13) When lifting down a load, observe the fol- 15) After finishing the work, stop the hoist at the
lowing. specified position and raise the hook to at
• When lifting down a load, stop it tempo- least 2 m above the floor. Do not leave the
rarily at 30 cm above the floor, and then sling installed to the hook.
lower it slowly.
• Check that the load is stable, and then 7. Selecting wire ropes
remove the sling. 1) Select adequate ropes depending on the
• Remove kinks and dirt from the wire weight of parts to be hoisted, referring to the
ropes and chains used for the sling work, table below.
and put them in the specified place.
Wire ropes
5. Precautions for using mobile crane (Standard “Z” twist ropes without galvanizing)
★ Read the Operation and Maintenance Manu- (JIS G3525, No. 6, Type 6X37-A)
al of the crane carefully in advance and op- Nominal
Allowable load
erate the crane safely. diameter of rope
mm kN ton
6. Precautions for using overhead hoist crane 10 8.8 0.9
k When raising a heavy part (heavier than 12 12.7 1.3
25 kg), use a hoist, etc. In Disassembly 14 17.3 1.7
and assembly, the weight of a part heav-
16 22.6 2.3
ier than 25 kg is indicated after the mark
18 28.6 2.9
of 4.
20 35.3 3.6
1) Before starting work, inspect the wire ropes,
brake, clutch, controller, rails, over wind stop 25 55.3 5.6
device, electric shock prevention earth leak- 30 79.6 8.1
age breaker, crane collision prevention 40 141.6 14.4
device, and power application warning 50 221.6 22.6
lamp, and check safety. 60 318.3 32.4
2) Observe the signs for sling work.
3) Operate the hoist at a safe place. ★ The allowable load is one-sixth of the
4) Check the direction indicator plates (east, breaking strength of the rope used
west, south, and north) and the directions of (Safety coefficient: 6).
the control buttons without fail.
5) Do not sling a load slantingly. Do not move
the crane while the slung load is swinging.
6) Do not raise or lower a load while the crane
is moving longitudinally or laterally.
7) Do not drag a sling.
8) When lifting up a load, stop it just after it
leaves the ground and check safety, and
then lift it up.
9) Consider the travel route in advance and lift
up a load to a safe height.
10) Place the control switch on a position where
it will not be an obstacle to work and pas-
sage.
11) After operating the hoist, do not swing the
control switch.
12) Remember the position of the main switch
so that you can turn off the power immedi-
ately in an emergency.
13) If the hoist stops because of a power failure,
turn the power switch OFF. When turning on
a switch which was turned OFF by the elec-
tric shock prevention earth leakage breaker,
check that the devices related to that switch
are not in operation state.
14) If you find an obstacle around the hoist, stop
the operation.
00-6 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
8. Precautions for disconnecting and connect-

ing hoses and tubes in air conditioner circuit
1) Disconnection
k Collect the air conditioner refrigerant
(R134a) from the air conditioner cir-
cuit in advance.
★ Ask professional traders for collecting
and filling operation of refrigerant
(R134a).
★ Never release the refrigerant (R134a) to
the atmosphere.
k If the refrigerant gas (R134a) gets in
your eyes, you may lose your sight.
Accordingly, when collecting or fill-
ing it, you must be qualified for han-
dling the refrigerant and put on
protective goggles.
2) Connection
1] When installing the air conditioner cir-
cuit hoses and tubes, take care that
dirt, dust, water, etc. will not enter
them.
2] When connecting the air conditioner
hoses and tubes, check that O-rings (1)
are fitted to their joints.
3] Check that each O-ring is not dam-
aged or deteriorated.
4] When connecting the refrigerant pip-
ing, apply compressor oil for refrigerant
(R134a) (DENSO: ND-OIL8, ZEXEL:
ZXL100PG (equivalent to PAG46)) to
its O-rings.
★ Example of O-ring (Fitted to every joint of hoses

and tubes)
★ For tightening torque, see the precautions for in-

stallation in each section of “Disassembly and
assembly”.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-7

(8)
FOREWORD HOW TO READ THE SHOP MANUAL
HOW TO READ THE SHOP MANUAL

• Some attachments and optional parts in this shop manual may not be delivered to certain areas. If one
of them is required, consult KOMATSU distributors.
• Materials and specifications are subject to change without notice.
• Shop manuals are divided into the “Chassis volume” and “Engine volume”. For the engine unit, see the
engine volume of the engine model mounted on the machine.
1. Composition of shop manual

This shop manual contains the necessary technical information for services performed in a workshop. For
ease of understanding, the manual is divided into the following sections.
00. FOREWORD
This section explains the safety and basic information.
01. GENERAL
This section explains the specifications of the machine.
10. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD

This section explains the structure, function, and maintenance standard values of each component.
The structure and function sub-section explains the structure and function of each component. It
serves not only to give an understanding of the structure, but also serves as reference material for
troubleshooting. The maintenance standard sub-section explains the criteria and remedies for disas-
sembly and service.
20. TESTING AND ADJUSTING

Standard value table
This section explains the standard values for new machine and judgement criteria for testing, adjust-
ing, and troubleshooting. This standard value table is used to check the standard values in testing and
adjusting and to judge parts in troubleshooting.
Testing and adjusting

This section explains measuring instruments and measuring methods for testing and adjusting, and
method of adjusting each part. The standard values and judgement criteria for testing and adjusting
are explained in Testing and adjusting.
Troubleshooting
This section explains how to find out failed parts and how to repair them. The troubleshooting is divided
by failure modes. The “S mode” of the troubleshooting related to the engine may be also explained in
the Chassis volume and Engine volume. In this case, see the Chassis volume.
30. DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

This section explains the special tools and procedures for removing, installing, disassembling, and
assembling each component, as well as precautions for them. In addition, tightening torque and quan-
tity and weight of coating material, oil, grease, and coolant necessary for the work are also explained.
90. OTHERS (chassis volume)/Repair and replacement of parts (engine volume)

• Chassis volume
This section gives hydraulic circuit diagrams and electrical circuit diagrams.
• Engine volume
This section explains the method of reproducing, repairing, and replacing parts.
2. Revision and distribution

Any additions, revisions, or other change of notices will be sent to KOMATSU distributors. Get the most up-
to-date information before you start any work.
00-8 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
FOREWORD HOW TO READ THE SHOP MANUAL
3. Filing method
• See the page number on the bottom of the page. File the pages in correct order.
• Following examples show how to read the page number.
Example 1 (Chassis volume):
10 - 3
Item number (10. Structure and Function, Maintenance Standard)

Consecutive page number for each item.
Example 2 (Engine volume):
12 - 5
Unit number (1. Engine)

Item number (2. Testing and Adjusting)
Consecutive page number for each item.
• Additional pages: Additional pages are indicated by a hyphen (-) and number after the page number.
File as in the example.
Example:
10-4 12-203
10-4-1 12-203-1
Added pages
10-4-2 12-203-2
10-5 12-204
• Revised edition mark

When a manual is revised, an edition mark ((1) (2) (3)....) is recorded on the bottom of the pages.
• Revisions
Revised pages are shown in the LIST OF REVISED PAGES next to the CONTENTS page.
4. Symbols
Important safety and quality portions are marked with the following symbols so that the shop manual will be
used practically.
Symbol Item Remarks
k Safety Special safety precautions are necessary when performing work.
Special technical precautions or other precautions for preserving stan-

a Caution
dards are necessary when performing work.
4
Weight of parts of component or parts. Caution necessary when
Weight
selecting hoisting wire, or when working posture is important, etc.
3
Tightening Places that require special attention for tightening torque during
torque assembly.
2 Coat Places to be coated with adhesives, etc. during assembly.
5
Oil, coolant Places where oil, etc. must be added, and capacity.
6
Drain Places where oil, etc. must be drained, and quantity to be drained.
5. Units
In this shop manual, the units are indicated with International System of units (SI). For reference, conven-
tionally used Gravitational System of units is indicated in parentheses { }.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-9

(8)
FOREWORD EXPLANATION OF TERMS FOR MAINTENANCE STANDARD
EXPLANATION OF TERMS FOR MAINTENANCE STANDARD

The maintenance standard values necessary for judgment of products and parts are described by the following
terms.
1. Standard size and tolerance

• To be accurate, the finishing size of parts is
a little different from one to another.
• To specify a finishing size of a part, a tempo-
rary standard size is set and an allowable dif-
ference from that size is indicated.
• The above size set temporarily is called the
“standard size” and the range of difference
from the standard size is called the “toler-
ance”.
• The tolerance with the symbols of + or – is in-
dicated on the right side of the standard size.
Example:
Standard size Tolerance
–0.022
120
–0.126
★ The tolerance may be indicated in the text

and a table as [standard size (upper limit of
tolerance/lower limit of tolerance)].
Example) 120 (–0.022/–0.126)
• Usually, the size of a hole and the size of the

shaft to be fitted to that hole are indicated by
the same standard size and different toler-
ances of the hole and shaft. The tightness of
fit is decided by the tolerance.
• Indication of size of rotating shaft and hole
and relationship drawing of them
Example:
Tolerance
Standard size
Shaft Hole
–0.030 +0.046
60
–0.076 +0
00-10 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
FOREWORD EXPLANATION OF TERMS FOR MAINTENANCE STANDARD
2. Standard clearance and standard value 5. Clearance limit

• The clearance made when new parts are as- • Parts can be used until the clearance be-
sembled is called the “standard clearance“, tween them is increased to a certain limit.
which is indicated by the range from the min- The limit at which those parts cannot be used
imum clearance to the maximum clearance. is called the “clearance limit”.
• When some parts are repaired, the clear- • If the clearance between the parts exceeds
ance is generally adjusted to the standard the clearance limit, they must be replaced or
clearance. repaired.
• A value of performance and function of new
products or equivalent is called the “standard 6. Interference limit
value“, which is indicated by a range or a tar- • The allowable maximum interference be-
get value. tween the hole of a part and the shaft of an-
• When some parts are repaired, the value of other part to be assembled is called the
performance/function is set to the standard “interference limit”.
value. • The interference limit shows the repair limit
of the part of smaller tolerance.
3. Standard interference • If the interference between the parts ex-
• When the diameter of a hole of a part shown ceeds the interference limit, they must be re-
in the given standard size and tolerance ta- placed or repaired.
ble is smaller than that of the mating shaft,
the difference between those diameters is
called the “interference”.
• The range (A – B) from the difference (A) be-
tween the minimum size of the shaft and the
maximum size of the hole to the difference
(B) between the maximum size of the shaft
and the minimum size of the hole is the
“standard interference”.
• After repairing or replacing some parts,
measure the size of their hole and shaft and
check that the interference is in the standard
range.
4. Repair limit and allowable value

• The size of a part changes because of wear
and deformation while it is used. The limit of
changed size is called the “repair limit”.
• If a part is worn to the repair limit must be re-
placed or repaired.
• The performance and function of a product
lowers while it is used. A value below which
the product can be used without causing a
problem is called the “allowable value”.
• If a product is worn to the allowable value, it
must be checked or repaired. Since the per-
missible value is estimated from various
tests or experiences in most cases, howev-
er, it must be judged after considering the
operating condition and customer's require-
ment.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-11

(8)
FOREWORD HOW TO READ ELECTRIC WIRE CODE
HOW TO READ ELECTRIC WIRE CODE

★ The information about the wires unique to each machine model is described in Troubleshooting section, Re-
lational information of troubleshooting.
In the electric circuit diagram, the material, thickness, and color of each electric wire are indicated by symbols.
The electric wire code is helpful in understanding the electric circuit diagram.
Example: AEX 0.85 L - - - Indicates blue, heat-resistant, low-voltage wire for automobile, having nomi-
nal No. of 0.85
Indicates color of wire by color code.
Color codes are shown in Table 3.
Indicates size of wire by nominal No.

Size (Nominal No.) is shown in Table 2.
Indicates type of wire by symbol.

Type, symbol, and material of wire are shown in Table 1.
(Since AV and AVS are classified by size (nominal No.), they are not indi-
cated.)
1. Type, symbol, and material

AV and AVS are different in only thickness and outside diameter of the cover. AEX is similar to AV in thick-
ness and outside diameter of AEX and different from AV and AVS in material of the cover.
(Table 1)
Using
Sym-
Type Material temperature Example of use
bol
range (°C)
Low-voltage Conduc- Annealed copper for elec-
General wiring
wire for AV tor tric appliance
(Nominal No. 5 and above)
automobile Insulator Soft polyvinyl chloride
Thin-cover Conduc- Annealed copper for elec- –30 to +60
low-voltage tor tric appliance General wiring
AVS
wire for (Nominal No. 3 and below)
Insulator Soft polyvinyl chloride
automobile
Heat-resis- Conduc- Annealed copper for elec-
General wiring in extremely
tant low-volt- tor tric appliance
AEX –50 to +110 cold district, wiring at high-tem-
age wire for Heat-resistant crosslinked
Insulator perature place
automobile polyethylene
00-12 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
2. Dimensions
(Table 2)
Nominal No. 0.5f (0.5) 0.75f (0.85) 1.25f (1.25) 2f 2 3f 3 5
Number of
strands/Diam- 20/0.18 7/0.32 30/0.18 11/0.32 50/0.18 16/0.32 37/0.26 26/0.32 58/0.26 41/0.32 65/0.32
eter of strand
Conductor
Sectional
0.51 0.56 0.76 0.88 1.27 1.29 1.96 2.09 3.08 3.30 5.23
area (mm2)
d (approx.) 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.4 3.0
AVS Standard 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.6 –
Cov-
AV Standard – – – – – – – 4.6
er D
AEX Standard 2.0 2.2 2.7 3.0 3.1 – 3.8 4.6
Nominal No. 8 15 20 30 40 50 60 85 100

Number of
strands/Diam- 50/0.45 84/0.45 41/0.80 70/0.80 85/0.80 108/0.80 127/0.80 169/0.80 217/0.80
eter of strand
Conductor
Sectional
7.95 13.36 20.61 35.19 42.73 54.29 63.84 84.96 109.1
area (mm2)
d (approx.) 3.7 4.8 6.0 8.0 8.6 9.8 10.4 12.0 13.6
AVS Standard – – – – – – – – –
Cov-
AV Standard 5.5 7.0 8.2 10.8 11.4 13.0 13.6 16.0 17.6
er D
AEX Standard 5.3 7.0 8.2 10.8 11.4 13.0 13.6 16.0 17.6
“f” of nominal No. denotes flexible”.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-13

(8)
3. Color codes table
(Table 3)
Color Code Color of wire Color Code Color of wire
B Black LgW Light green & White
Br Brown LgY Light green & Yellow
BrB Brown & Black LR Blue & Red
BrR Brown & Red LW Blue & White
BrW Brown & White LY Blue & Yellow
BrY Brown & Yellow O Orange
Ch Charcoal P Pink
Dg Dark green R Red
G Green RB Red & Black
GB Green & Black RG Red & Green
GL Green & Blue RL Red & Blue
Gr Gray RW Red & White
GR Green & Red RY Red & Yellow
GW Green & White Sb Sky Blue
GY Green & Yellow Y Yellow
L Blue YB Yellow & Black
LB Blue & Black YG Yellow &Green
Lg Light green YL Yellow & Blue
LgB Light green & Black YR Yellow & Red
LgR Light green & Red YW Yellow & White
Remarks: In a color code consisting of 2 colors, the first color is the color of the background and the
second color is the color of the marking.
Example: “GW” means that the background is Green and marking is White.
4. Types of circuits and color codes
(Table 4)
Type of wire AVS or AV AEX
Charge R WG – – – – R –
Ground B – – – – – B –
Start R – – – – – R –
Light RW RB RY RG RL – D –
Instrument Y YR YB YG YL YW Y Gr
Signal G GW GR GY GB GL G Br
L LW LR LY LB – L –
Type of
Br BrW BrR BrY BrB – – –
circuit
Lg LgR LgY LgB LgW – – –
O – – – – – – –
Others Gr – – – – – – –
P – – – – – – –
Sb – – – – – – –
Dg – – – – – – –
Ch – – – – – – –
00-14 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
FOREWORD PRECAUTIONS WHEN CARRYING OUT OPERATION
PRECAUTIONS WHEN CARRYING OUT OPERATION

[When carrying out removal or installation (disassembly or assembly) of units, be sure to follow the general pre-
cautions given below when carrying out the operation.]
1.Precautions when carrying out removal work

• If the coolant contains antifreeze, dispose of it correctly.
• After disconnecting hoses or tubes, cover them or fit plugs to prevent dirt or dust from entering.
• When draining oil, prepare a container of adequate size to catch the oil.
• Confirm the match marks showing the installation position, and make match marks in the necessary places
before removal to prevent any mistake when assembling.
• To prevent any excessive force from being applied to the wiring, always hold the connectors when discon-
necting the connectors. Do not pull the wires.
• Fit wires and hoses with tags to show their installation position to prevent any mistake when installing.
• Check the number and thickness of the shims, and keep in a safe place.
• When raising components, be sure to use lifting equipment of ample strength.
• When using forcing screws to remove any components, tighten the forcing screws uniformly in turn.
• Before removing any unit, clean the surrounding area and fit a cover to prevent any dust or dirt from enter-
ing after removal.
★ Precautions when handling piping during disassembly
Fit the following plugs into the piping after disconnecting it during disassembly operations.
1) Face seal type hoses and tubes
Nominal
Plug (nut end) Sleeve nut (elbow end)
number
02 07376-70210 02789-20210
03 07376-70315 02789-20315
04 07376-70422 02789-20422
05 07376-70522 02789-20522
06 07376-70628 02789-20628
10 07376-71034 07221-21034
12 07376-71234 07221-21234
2) Split flange type hoses and tubes

Nominal
Flange (hose end) Sleeve head (tube end) Split flange
number
04 07379-00400 07378-10400 07371-30400
05 07379-00500 07378-10500 07371-30500
3) If the part is not under hydraulic pressure, the following corks can be used.
Nominal Dimensions
Part Number
number D d L
06 07049-00608 6 5 8
08 07049-00811 8 6.5 11
10 07049-01012 10 8.5 12
12 07049-01215 12 10 15
14 07049-01418 14 11.5 18
16 07049-01620 16 13.5 20
18 07049-01822 18 15 22
20 07049-02025 20 17 25
22 07049-02228 22 18.5 28
24 07049-02430 24 20 30
27 07049-02734 27 22.5 34
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-15

(8)
2. Precautions when carrying out installation work

• Tighten all bolts and nuts (sleeve nuts) to the specified (KES) torque.
• Install the hoses without twisting or interference and fix them with intermediate clamps, if there are any.
• Replace all gaskets, O-rings, cotter pins, and lock plates with new parts.
• Bend the cotter pins and lock plates securely.
• When coating with adhesive, clean the part and remove all oil and grease, then coat the threaded portion
with 2 – 3 drops of adhesive.
• When coating with gasket sealant, clean the surface and remove all oil and grease, check that there is no
dirt or damage, then coat uniformly with gasket sealant.
• Clean all parts, and correct any damage, dents, burrs, or rust.
• Coat rotating parts and sliding parts with engine oil.
• When press fitting parts, coat the surface with anti-friction compound (LM-P).
• After fitting snap rings, check that the snap ring is fitted securely in the ring groove.
• When connecting wiring connectors, clean the connector to remove all oil, dirt, or water, then connect
securely.
• When using eyebolts, check that there is no deformation or deterioration, screw them in fully, and align the
direction of the hook.
• When tightening split flanges, tighten uniformly in turn to prevent excessive tightening on one side.
★ When operating the hydraulic cylinders for the first time after reassembling cylinders, pumps and other hy-
draulic equipment removed for repair, always bleed the air as follows:
1) Start the engine and run at low idle.
2) Operate the work equipment control lever to operate the hydraulic cylinder 4 – 5 times, stopping the cyl-
inder 100 mm from the end of its stroke.
3) Next, operate the hydraulic cylinder 3 – 4 times to the end of its stroke.
4) After doing this, run the engine at normal speed.
★ When using the machine for the first time after repair or long storage, follow the same procedure.
3. Precautions when completing the operation

1) Refilling with coolant, oil and grease
• If the coolant has been drained, tighten the drain valve, and add coolant to the specified level. Run
the engine to circulate the coolant through the system. Then check the coolant level again.
• If the hydraulic equipment has been removed and installed again, add engine oil to the specified lev-
el. Run the engine to circulate the oil through the system. Then check the oil level again.
• If the piping or hydraulic equipment have been removed, always bleed the air from the system after
reassembling the parts.
★ For details, see Testing and adjusting, “Bleeding air”.
• Add the specified amount of grease (molybdenum disulphide grease) to the work equipment parts.
2) Checking cylinder head and manifolds for looseness
Check the cylinder head and intake and exhaust manifold for looseness.
If any part is loosened, retighten it.
• For the tightening torque, see “Disassembly and assembly”.
3) Checking engine piping for damage and looseness
Intake and exhaust system
Check the piping for damage, the mounting bolts and nuts for looseness, and the joints for air suc-
tion and exhaust gas leakage.
If any part is loosened or damaged, retighten or repair it.
Cooling system
Check the piping for damage, the mounting bolts and nuts for looseness, and the joints for coolant
leakage.
Fuel system
Check the piping for damage, the mounting bolts and nuts for looseness, and the joints for fuel
leakage.
00-16 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
4) Checking muffler and exhaust pipe for damage and looseness

1] Visually check the muffler, exhaust pipe and their mounting parts for a crack and damage.
If any part is damaged, replace it.
2] Check the mounting bolts and nuts of the muffler, exhaust pipe and their mounting parts for loose-
ness.
If any bolt or nut is loosened, retighten it.
5) Checking muffler function
Check the muffler for abnormal sound and sound different from that of a new muffler.
If any abnormal sound is heard, repair the muffler, referring to “Troubleshooting” and “Disassembly and
assembly”.
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-17

(8)
FOREWORD METHOD OF DISASSEMBLING AND CONNECTING PUSH-PULL TYPE COUPLER
METHOD OF DISASSEMBLING AND CONNECTING PUSH-PULL

TYPE COUPLER
k Before carrying out the following work, loosen the oil filler cap of the hydraulic tank gradually to re-
lease the residual pressure from the hydraulic tank.
k Even if the residual pressure is released from the hydraulic tank, some hydraulic oil flows out when
the hose is disconnected. Accordingly, prepare an oil receiving container.
Type 1
1. Disconnection
1) Hold adapter (1) and push hose joint (2) into
mating adapter (3). (Fig. 1)
★ The adapter can be pushed in about 3.5
mm.
★ Do not hold rubber cap portion (4).
2) After hose joint (2) is pushed into adapter
(3), press rubber cap portion (4) against
adapter (3) until it clicks. (Fig. 2)
3) Hold hose adapter (1) or hose (5) and pull it
out. (Fig. 3)
★ Since some hydraulic oil flows out, pre-
pare an oil receiving container.
2. Connection
1) Hold hose adapter (1) or hose (5) and insert
it in mating adapter (3), aligning them with
each other. (Fig. 4)
★ Do not hold rubber cap portion (4).
2) After inserting the hose in the mating
adapter perfectly, pull it back to check its
connecting condition. (Fig. 5)
★ When the hose is pulled back, the rubber
cap portion moves toward the hose
about 3.5 mm. This does not indicate ab-
normality, however.
00-18 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
Type 2
1. Disconnection
1) Hold the tightening portion and push body
(7) straight until sliding prevention ring (6)
contacts contact surface (a) of the hexago-
nal portion at the male end. (Fig. 6)
2) While holding the condition of Step 1), turn
lever (8) to the right (clockwise). (Fig. 7)
3) While holding the condition of Steps 1) and
2), pull out whole body (7) to disconnect it.
(Fig. 8)
2. Connection
• Hold the tightening portion and push body
contacts contact surface (a) of the hexago-
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-19

(8)
Type 3
1. Disconnection
1) Hold the tightening portion and push body
contacts contact surface (b) of the hexago-
2) While holding the condition of Step 1), push
cover (10) straight until it contacts contact
surface (b) of the hexagonal portion at the
male end. (Fig. 11)
3) While holding the condition of Steps 1) and
2), pull out whole body (9) to disconnect it.
(Fig. 12)
2. Connection
• Hold the tightening portion and push body
(9) straight until the sliding prevention ring
contacts contact surface (b) of the hexago-
00-20 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
FOREWORD STANDARD TIGHTENING TORQUE TABLE
STANDARD TIGHTENING TORQUE TABLE

1. Table of tightening torques for bolts and nuts
★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten metric nuts and bolts to the torque below. (When using
torque wrench)
★ The following table corresponds to the bolts in Fig. A.
Thread diameter of bolt Width across flats Tightening torque

mm mm Nm kgm
6 10 11.8 – 14.7 1.2 – 1.5
8 13 27 – 34 2.8 – 3.5
10 17 59 – 74 6.0 – 7.5
12 19 98 – 123 10.0 – 12.5
14 22 153 – 190 15.5 – 19.5
16 24 235 – 285 23.5 – 29.5
18 27 320 – 400 33.0 – 41.0
20 30 455 – 565 46.5 – 58.0
22 32 610 – 765 62.5 – 78.0
24 36 785 – 980 80.0 – 100.0
27 41 1,150 – 1,440 118 – 147
30 46 1,520 – 1,910 155 – 195
33 50 1,960 – 2,450 200 – 250
36 55 2,450 – 3,040 250 – 310
39 60 2,890 – 3,630 295 – 370
★ The following table corresponds to the bolts in Fig. B.

mm mm Nm kgm
6 10 5.9 – 9.8 0.6 – 1.0
8 13 13.7 – 23.5 1.4 – 2.4
10 14 34.3 – 46.1 3.5 – 4.7
12 27 74.5 – 90.2 7.6 – 9.2
a Fig. A a Fig. B
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-21

(8)
2. Table of tightening torques for split flange bolts

★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten split flange bolts to the torque below.

mm mm Nm kgm
10 14 59 – 74 6.0 – 7.5
12 17 98 – 123 10.0 – 12.5
16 22 235 – 285 23.5 – 29.5
3. Table of tightening torques for O-ring boss piping joints

★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten O-ring boss piping joints to the torque below.
Thread diameter Width across flats Tightening torque Nm {kgm}

Nominal No.
mm mm Range Target
02 14 35 – 63 { 3.5 – 6.5} 44 { 4.5}
03,04 20 Varies depending 84 – 132 { 8.5 – 13.5} 103 {10.5}
05,06 24 on type of connec- 128 – 186 {13.0 – 19.0} 157 {16.0}
10,12 33 tor. 363 – 480 {37.0 – 49.0} 422 {43.0}
14 42 746 – 1,010 {76.0 – 103} 883 {90.0}
4. Table of tightening torques for O-ring boss plugs

★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten O-ring boss plugs to the torque below.
Nominal Thread diameter Width across flats Tightening torque Nm {kgm}

No. mm mm Range Target
08 8 14 5.88 – 8.82 {0.6 – 0.9} 7.35 {0.75}
10 10 17 9.81 – 12.74 {1.0 – 1.3} 11.27 {1.15}
12 12 19 14.7 – 19.6 {1.5 – 2.0} 17.64 {1.8}
14 14 22 19.6 – 24.5 {2.0 – 2.5} 22.54 {2.3}
16 16 24 24.5 – 34.3 {2.5 – 3.5} 29.4 {3.0}
18 18 27 34.3 – 44.1 {3.5 – 4.5} 39.2 {4.0}
20 20 30 44.1 – 53.9 {4.5 – 5.5} 49.0 {5.0}
24 24 32 58.8 – 78.4 {6.0 – 8.0} 68.6 {7.0}
30 30 32 93.1 – 122.5 { 9.5 – 12.5} 107.8 {11.0}
33 33 – 107.8 – 147.0 {11.0 – 15.0} 127.4 {13.0}
36 36 36 127.4 – 176.4 {13.0 – 18.0} 151.9 {15.5}
42 42 – 181.3 – 240.1 {18.5 – 24.5} 210.7 {21.5}
52 52 – 274.4 – 367.5 {28.0 – 37.5} 323.4 {33.0}
00-22 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
5. Table of tightening torques for hoses (taper seal type and face seal type)
★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten the hoses (taper seal type and face seal type) to the torque
below.
★ Apply the following torque when the threads are coated (wet) with engine oil.
Tightening torque Nm {kgm} Taper seal Face seal

Nominal Width Nominal No. -
Thread diame-
No. of across Thread size Number of
Range Target ter (mm) (Ref-
hose flats (mm) threads, type of
erence)
thread
34 – 54 { 3.5 – 5.5} – 9/16-18UN 14.3
02 19 44 { 4.5}
34 – 63 { 3.5 – 6.5} 14 – –
22 54 – 93 { 5.5 – 9.5} 74 { 7.5} – 11/16-16UN 17.5
03
24 59 – 98 { 6.0 – 10.0} 78 { 8.0} 18 – –
04 27 84 – 132 { 8.5 – 13.5} 103 {10.5} 22 13/16-16UN 20.6
05 32 128 – 186 {13.0 – 19.0} 157 {16.0} 24 1-14UNS 25.4
06 36 177 – 245 {18.0 – 25.0} 216 {22.0} 30 1-3/16-12UN 30.2
(10) 41 177 – 245 {18.0 – 25.0} 216 {22.0} 33 – –
(12) 46 197 – 294 {20.0 – 30.0} 245 {25.0} 36 – –
(14) 55 246 – 343 {25.0 – 35.0} 294 {30.0} 42 – –
6. Table of tightening torques for 102, 107 and 114 engine series (Bolts and nuts)
★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten the metric bolts and nuts of the 102, 107 and 114 engine
series to the torque below.
Tightening torque
Thread size
Bolts and nuts
mm Nm kgm
6 10 ± 2 1.02 ± 0.20
8 24 ± 4 2.45 ± 0.41
10 43 ± 6 4.38 ± 0.61
12 77 ± 12 7.85 ± 1.22
14 — —
7. Table of tightening torques for 102, 107 and 114 engine series (Eye joints)
★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten the metric eye joints of the 102, 107 and 114 engine series
to the torque below.
Thread size Tightening torque

mm Nm kgm
6 8±2 0.81 ± 0.20
8 10 ± 2 1.02 ± 0.20
10 12 ± 2 1.22 ± 0.20
12 24 ± 4 2.45 ± 0.41
14 36 ± 5 3.67 ± 0.51
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-23

(8)
8. Table of tightening torques for 102, 107 and 114 engine series (Taper screws)
★ Unless there are special instructions, tighten the taper screws (unit: inch) of the 102, 107 and 114 engine
series to the torque below.
Thread size Tightening torque

inch Nm kgm
1/16 3±1 0.31 ± 0.10
1/8 8±2 0.81 ± 0.20
1/4 12 ± 2 1.22 ± 0.20
3/8 15 ± 2 1.53 ± 0.20
1/2 24 ± 4 2.45 ± 0.41
3/4 36 ± 5 3.67 ± 0.51
1 60 ± 9 6.12 ± 0.92
00-24 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
FOREWORD CONVERSION TABLE
CONVERSION TABLE
Method of using the conversion table
The conversion table in this section is provided to enable simple conversion of figures. For details of the method
of using the conversion table, see the example given below.
Example: Method of using the conversion table to convert from millimeters to inches
1. Convert 55 mm into inches.

1) Locate the number 50 in the vertical column at the left side, take this as (A), and then draw a horizontal
line from (A).
2) Locate the number 5 in the row across the top, take this as (B), then draw a perpendicular line down
from (B).
3) Take the point where the 2 lines cross as (C). This point (C) gives the value when converting from mil-
limeters to inches. Therefore, 55 mm = 2.165 inches.
2. Convert 550 mm into inches.

1) The number 550 does not appear in the table, so divide it by 10 (move the decimal point one place to
the left) to convert it to 55 mm.
2) Carry out the same procedure as above to convert 55 mm to 2.165 inches.
3) The original value (550 mm) was divided by 10, so multiply 2.165 inches by 10 (move the decimal point
one place to the right) to return to the original value. This gives 550 mm = 21.65 inches.
Millimeters to inches (B)

1 mm = 0.03937 in
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0.039 0.079 0.118 0.157 0.197 0.236 0.276 0.315 0.354
10 0.394 0.433 0.472 0.512 0.551 0.591 0.630 0.669 0.709 0.748
20 0.787 0.827 0.866 0.906 0.945 0.984 1.024 1.063 1.102 1.142
30 1.181 1.220 1.260 1.299 1.339 1.378 1.417 1.457 1.496 1.536
40 1.575 1.614 1.654 1.693 1.732 1.772 1.811 1.850 1.890 1.929
(C)
50 1.969 2.008 2.047 2.087 2.126 2.165 2.205 2.244 2.283 2.323
(A)
60 2.362 2.402 2.441 2.480 2.520 2.559 2.598 2.638 2.677 2.717
70 2.756 2.795 2.835 2.874 2.913 2.953 2.992 3.032 3.071 3.110
80 3.150 3.189 3.228 3.268 3.307 3.346 3.386 3.425 3.465 3.504
90 3.543 3.583 3.622 3.661 3.701 3.740 3.780 3.819 3.858 3.898
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-25

(8)
Millimeters to inches
1 mm = 0.03937 in
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0.039 0.079 0.118 0.157 0.197 0.236 0.276 0.315 0.354
10 0.394 0.433 0.472 0.512 0.551 0.591 0.630 0.669 0.709 0.748
20 0.787 0.827 0.866 0.906 0.945 0.984 1.024 1.063 1.102 1.142
30 1.181 1.220 1.260 1.299 1.339 1.378 1.417 1.457 1.496 1.536
40 1.575 1.614 1.654 1.693 1.732 1.772 1.811 1.850 1.890 1.929
50 1.969 2.008 2.047 2.087 2.126 2.165 2.205 2.244 2.283 2.323
60 2.362 2.402 2.441 2.480 2.520 2.559 2.598 2.638 2.677 2.717
70 2.756 2.795 2.835 2.874 2.913 2.953 2.992 3.032 3.071 3.110
80 3.150 3.189 3.228 3.268 3.307 3.346 3.386 3.425 3.465 3.504
90 3.543 3.583 3.622 3.661 3.701 3.740 3.780 3.819 3.858 3.898
Kilogram to pound
1 kg = 2.2046 lb
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 2.20 4.41 6.61 8.82 11.02 13.23 15.43 17.64 19.84
10 22.05 24.25 26.46 28.66 30.86 33.07 35.27 37.48 39.68 41.89
20 44.09 46.30 48.50 50.71 51.91 55.12 57.32 59.53 61.73 63.93
30 66.14 68.34 70.55 72.75 74.96 77.16 79.37 81.57 83.78 85.98
40 88.18 90.39 92.59 94.80 97.00 99.21 101.41 103.62 105.82 108.03
50 110.23 112.44 114.64 116.85 119.05 121.25 123.46 125.66 127.87 130.07
60 132.28 134.48 136.69 138.89 141.10 143.30 145.51 147.71 149.91 152.12
70 154.32 156.53 158.73 160.94 163.14 165.35 167.55 169.76 171.96 174.17
80 176.37 178.57 180.78 182.98 185.19 187.39 189.60 191.80 194.01 196.21
90 198.42 200.62 202.83 205.03 207.24 209.44 211.64 213.85 216.05 218.26
Liters to U.S. Gallons

1 l = 0.2642 U.S.Gal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0.264 0.528 0.793 1.057 1.321 1.585 1.849 2.113 2.378
10 2.642 2.906 3.170 3.434 3.698 3.963 4.227 4.491 4.755 5.019
20 5.283 5.548 5.812 6.076 6.340 6.604 6.869 7.133 7.397 7.661
30 7.925 8.189 8.454 8.718 8.982 9.246 9.510 9.774 10.039 10.303
40 10.567 10.831 11.095 11.359 11.624 11.888 12.152 12.416 12.680 12.944
50 13.209 13.473 13.737 14.001 14.265 14.529 14.795 15.058 15.322 15.586
60 15.850 16.115 16.379 16.643 16.907 17.171 17.435 17.700 17.964 18.228
70 18.492 18.756 19.020 19.285 19.549 19.813 20.077 20.341 20.605 20.870
80 21.134 21.398 21.662 21.926 22.190 22.455 22.719 22.983 23.247 23.511
90 23.775 24.040 24.304 24.568 24.832 25.096 25.361 25.625 25.889 26.153
00-26 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
Liters to U.K. Gallons

1 l = 0.21997 U.K.Gal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0.220 0.440 0.660 0.880 1.100 1.320 1.540 1.760 1.980
10 2.200 2.420 2.640 2.860 3.080 3.300 3.520 3.740 3.950 4.179
20 4.399 4.619 4.839 5.059 5.279 5.499 5.719 5.939 6.159 6.379
30 6.599 6.819 7.039 7.259 7.479 7.699 7.919 8.139 8.359 8.579
40 8.799 9.019 9.239 9.459 9.679 9.899 10.119 10.339 10.559 10.778
50 10.998 11.281 11.438 11.658 11.878 12.098 12.318 12.528 12.758 12.978
60 13.198 13.418 13.638 13.858 14.078 14.298 14.518 14.738 14.958 15.178
70 15.398 15.618 15.838 16.058 16.278 16.498 16.718 16.938 17.158 17.378
80 17.598 17.818 18.037 18.257 18.477 18.697 18.917 19.137 19.357 19.577
90 19.797 20.017 20.237 20.457 20.677 20.897 21.117 21.337 21.557 21.777
kgm to ft.lb
1 kgm = 7.233 ft.lb
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 7.2 14.5 21.7 28.9 36.2 43.4 50.6 57.9 65.1
10 72.3 79.6 86.8 94.0 101.3 108.5 115.7 123.0 130.2 137.4
20 144.7 151.9 159.1 166.4 173.6 180.8 188.1 195.3 202.5 209.8
30 217.0 224.2 231.5 238.7 245.9 253.2 260.4 267.6 274.9 282.1
40 289.3 296.6 303.8 311.0 318.3 325.5 332.7 340.0 347.2 354.4
50 361.7 368.9 376.1 383.4 390.6 397.8 405.1 412.3 419.5 426.8
60 434.0 441.2 448.5 455.7 462.9 470.2 477.4 484.6 491.8 499.1
70 506.3 513.5 520.8 528.0 535.2 542.5 549.7 556.9 564.2 571.4
80 578.6 585.9 593.1 600.3 607.6 614.8 622.0 629.3 636.5 643.7
90 651.0 658.2 665.4 672.7 679.9 687.1 694.4 701.6 708.8 716.1
100 723.3 730.5 737.8 745.0 752.2 759.5 766.7 773.9 781.2 788.4
110 795.6 802.9 810.1 817.3 824.6 831.8 839.0 846.3 853.5 860.7
120 868.0 875.2 882.4 889.7 896.9 904.1 911.4 918.6 925.8 933.1
130 940.3 947.5 954.8 962.0 969.2 976.5 983.7 990.9 998.2 1005.4
140 1012.6 1019.9 1027.1 1034.3 1041.5 1048.8 1056.0 1063.2 1070.5 1077.7
150 1084.9 1092.2 1099.4 1106.6 1113.9 1121.1 1128.3 1135.6 1142.8 1150.0
160 1157.3 1164.5 1171.7 1179.0 1186.2 1193.4 1200.7 1207.9 1215.1 1222.4
170 1129.6 1236.8 1244.1 1251.3 1258.5 1265.8 1273.0 1280.1 1287.5 1294.7
180 1301.9 1309.2 1316.4 1323.6 1330.9 1338.1 1345.3 1352.6 1359.8 1367.0
190 1374.3 1381.5 1388.7 1396.0 1403.2 1410.4 1417.7 1424.9 1432.1 1439.4
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-27

(8)
kg/cm2 to lb/in2
1 kg/cm2 = 14.2233 lb/in2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 14.2 28.4 42.7 56.9 71.1 85.3 99.6 113.8 128.0
10 142.2 156.5 170.7 184.9 199.1 213.4 227.6 241.8 256.0 270.2
20 284.5 298.7 312.9 327.1 341.4 355.6 369.8 384.0 398.3 412.5
30 426.7 440.9 455.1 469.4 483.6 497.8 512.0 526.3 540.5 554.7
40 568.9 583.2 597.4 611.6 625.8 640.1 654.3 668.5 682.7 696.9
50 711.2 725.4 739.6 753.8 768.1 782.3 796.5 810.7 825.0 839.2
60 853.4 867.6 881.8 896.1 910.3 924.5 938.7 953.0 967.2 981.4
70 995.6 1,010 1,024 1,038 1,053 1,067 1,081 1,095 1,109 1,124
80 1,138 1,152 1,166 1,181 1,195 1,209 1,223 1,237 1,252 1,266
90 1,280 1,294 1,309 1,323 1,337 1,351 1,365 1,380 1,394 1,408
100 1,422 1,437 1,451 1,465 1,479 1,493 1,508 1,522 1,536 1,550
110 1,565 1,579 1,593 1,607 1,621 1,636 1,650 1,664 1,678 1,693
120 1,707 1,721 1,735 1,749 1,764 1,778 1,792 1,806 1,821 1,835
130 1,849 1,863 1,877 1,892 1,906 1,920 1,934 1,949 1,963 1,977
140 1,991 2,005 2,020 2,034 2,048 2,062 2,077 2,091 2,105 2,119
150 2,134 2,148 2,162 2,176 2,190 2,205 2,219 2,233 2,247 2,262
160 2,276 2,290 2,304 2,318 2,333 2,347 2,361 2,375 2,389 2,404
170 2,418 2,432 2,446 2,460 2,475 2,489 2,503 2,518 2,532 2,546
180 2,560 2,574 2,589 2,603 2,617 2,631 2,646 2,660 2,674 2,688
190 2,702 2,717 2,731 2,745 2,759 2,773 2,788 2,802 2,816 2,830
200 2,845 2,859 2,873 2,887 2,901 2,916 2,930 2,944 2,958 2,973
210 2,987 3,001 3,015 3,030 3,044 3,058 3,072 3,086 3,101 3,115
220 3,129 3,143 3,158 3,172 3,186 3,200 3,214 3,229 3,243 3,257
230 3,271 3,286 3,300 3,314 3,328 3,343 3,357 3,371 3,385 3,399
240 3,414 3,428 3,442 3,456 3,470 3,485 3,499 3,513 3,527 3,542
00-28 D31/37EX, PX-21

(8)
Temperature
Fahrenheit-Centigrade conversion: A simple way to convert a Fahrenheit temperature reading into a Centigrade
temperature reading or vice versa is to enter the accompanying table in the center (boldface column) of figures.
These figures refer to the temperature in either Fahrenheit or Centigrade degrees.
When convert from Fahrenheit to Centigrade degrees, consider the center column to be a table of Fahrenheit
temperatures and read the corresponding Centigrade temperature in the column at the left.
When convert from Centigrade to Fahrenheit degrees, consider the center column to be a table of Centigrade
values, and read the corresponding Fahrenheit temperature on the right.
1°C = 33.8°F
°C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F
–40.4 –40 –40.0 –11.7 11 51.8 7.8 46 114.8 27.2 81 177.8
–37.2 –35 –31.0 –11.1 12 53.6 8.3 47 116.6 27.8 82 179.6
–34.4 –30 –22.0 –10.6 13 55.4 8.9 48 118.4 28.3 83 181.4
–31.7 –25 –13.0 –10.0 14 57.2 9.4 49 120.2 28.9 84 183.2
–28.9 –20 –4.0 –9.4 15 59.0 10.0 50 122.0 29.4 85 185.0
–28.3 –19 –2.2 –8.9 16 60.8 10.6 51 123.8 30.0 86 186.8

–27.8 –18 –0.4 –8.3 17 62.6 11.1 52 125.6 30.6 87 188.6
–27.2 –17 1.4 –7.8 18 64.4 11.7 53 127.4 31.1 88 190.4
–26.7 –16 3.2 –7.2 19 66.2 12.2 54 129.2 31.7 89 192.2
–26.1 –15 5.0 –6.7 20 68.0 12.8 55 131.0 32.2 90 194.0
–25.6 –14 6.8 –6.1 21 69.8 13.3 56 132.8 32.8 91 195.8

–25.0 –13 8.6 –5.6 22 71.6 13.9 57 134.6 33.3 92 197.6
–24.4 –12 10.4 –5.0 23 73.4 14.4 58 136.4 33.9 93 199.4
–23.9 –11 12.2 –4.4 24 75.2 15.0 59 138.2 34.4 94 201.2
–23.3 –10 14.0 –3.9 25 77.0 15.6 60 140.0 35.0 95 203.0
–22.8 –9 15.8 –3.3 26 78.8 16.1 61 141.8 35.6 96 204.8

–22.2 –8 17.6 –2.8 27 80.6 16.7 62 143.6 36.1 97 206.6
–21.7 –7 19.4 –2.2 28 82.4 17.2 63 145.4 36.7 98 208.4
–21.1 –6 21.2 –1.7 29 84.2 17.8 64 147.2 37.2 99 210.2
–20.6 –5 23.0 –1.1 30 86.0 18.3 65 149.0 37.8 100 212.0
–20.0 –4 24.8 –0.6 31 87.8 18.9 66 150.8 40.6 105 221.0

–19.4 –3 26.6 0 32 89.6 19.4 67 152.6 43.3 110 230.0
–18.9 –2 28.4 0.6 33 91.4 20.0 68 154.4 46.1 115 239.0
–18.3 –1 30.2 1.1 34 93.2 20.6 69 156.2 48.9 120 248.0
–17.8 0 32.0 1.7 35 95.0 21.1 70 158.0 51.7 125 257.0
–17.2 1 33.8 2.2 36 96.8 21.7 71 159.8 54.4 130 266.0

–16.7 2 35.6 2.8 37 98.6 22.2 72 161.6 57.2 135 275.0
–16.1 3 37.4 3.3 38 100.4 22.8 73 163.4 60.0 140 284.0
–15.6 4 39.2 3.9 39 102.2 23.3 74 165.2 62.7 145 293.0
–15.0 5 41.0 4.4 40 104.0 23.9 75 167.0 65.6 150 302.0
–14.4 6 42.8 5.0 41 105.8 24.4 76 168.8 68.3 155 311.0

–13.9 7 44.6 5.6 42 107.6 25.0 77 170.6 71.1 160 320.0
–13.3 8 46.4 6.1 43 109.4 25.6 78 172.4 73.9 165 329.0
–12.8 9 48.2 6.7 44 111.2 26.1 79 174.2 76.7 170 338.0
–12.2 10 50.0 7.2 45 113.0 26.7 80 176.0 79.4 175 347.0
D31/37EX, PX-21 00-29

(8)
01 GENERAL
SPECIFICATION DRAWING ........................................................................................................................ 01- 2

SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 01- 4
WEIGHT TABLE ........................................................................................................................................... 01- 10
TABLE OF FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS....................................................................................... 01- 12
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-1

GENERAL SPECIFICATION DRAWING
SPECIFICATION DRAWING
D31EX-21 Power angle, power tiltdozer with ROPS canopy
D31PX-21 Power angle, power tiltdozer with ROPS canopy
D31EX-21 D31PX-21
Item Unit 400 mm 600 mm 600 mm
Single shoe Single shoe Swamp shoe
Operating weight kg 7,130 7,650 7,630
Engine name — Komatsu SAA4D102E-2-B diesel engine
Engine rated horsepower kW {HP} /rpm 56 {75} /2,000
A Overall length mm 4,015 3,995 3,975
B Overall height (not including antenna) mm 2,700 2,720
C Overall width mm 2,435 3,200
Travel speed FORWARD km/h 4.3/6.5/8.5

(1st/2nd/3rd) REVERSE km/h 4.3/6.5/8.5
01-2 D31/37EX, PX-21

GENERAL SPECIFICATION DRAWING
D37EX-21 Power angle, power tiltdozer with ROPS canopy

D37PX-21 Power angle, power tiltdozer with ROPS canopy
D37EX-21 D37PX-21
Item Unit 400 mm 600 mm 600 mm
Operating weight kg 7,410 7,770 7,750
Engine name — Komatsu SAA4D102E-2-B diesel engine
Engine rated horsepower kW {HP} /rpm 63 {85} /2,000
A Overall length mm 4,015 3,995 3,975
B Overall height (not including antenna) mm 2,700 2,720
C Overall width mm 2,720 3,250
Travel speed FORWARD km/h 4.3/6.5/8.5

(1st/2nd/3rd) REVERSE km/h 4.3/6.5/8.5
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-3

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
D31EX-21 D31PX-21
Machine model 400 mm 600 mm 600 mm
Serial No. 50001 – 50097 50001 – 50181
Operating weight
• Bare tractor kg 5,800 6,250 6,230
Weight
• With power angle tiltdozer +

kg 7,130 7,650 7,630
ROPS cab
kg 7,470 7,990 7,970
ROPS canopy
Min. turning radius m 2.3 2.6 2.6
Gradeability deg 30 30 30
Stability (front, rear, left, right) deg 35 35 35
Forward 1st km/h 4.3 4.3 4.3
Forward 2nd km/h 6.5 6.5 6.5
Travel speed
Forward 3rd km/h 8.5 8.5 8.5

Performance
Reverse 1st km/h 4.3 4.3 4.3

Reverse 2nd km/h 6.5 6.5 6.5
Reverse 3rd km/h 8.5 8.5 8.5
kPa 35.3 23.5 23.5
Ground pressure
Bare tractor
{kg/cm2} {0.36} {0.24} {0.24}
With power angle tiltdozer + kPa 43.2 28.4 28.4
ROPS canopy {kg/cm2} {0.44} {0.29} {0.29}
ROPS cab {kg/cm2} {0.46} {0.30} {0.30}
Bare tractor mm 3,055 3,090 3,110
Overall
With power angle tiltdozer +

length
mm 4,015 3,995 3,975

ROPS canopy
mm 4,085 4,065 4,045
ROPS cab
Bare tractor mm 1,850 2,250 2,250
Overall
width
Power angle tiltdozer mm 2,435 3,200 3,200

Dimensions
To tip of exhaust pipe mm 2,700 2,700 2,720

To top of operator's
Overall height
mm 2,015 2,015 2,035

compartment
With ROPS cab installed
mm 2,700 2,700 2,720
(not including antenna)
With ROPS canopy
mm 2,700 2,700 2,720
installed
Track gauge mm 1,450 1,650 1,650
Length of track on ground mm 2,010 2,185 2,185
Width of track
mm 400 600 600
(standard track shoe)
Min. ground clearance mm 315 315 385
01-4 D31/37EX, PX-21

(7)
D37EX-21 D37PX-21
400 mm 600 mm 600 mm
5001 – 5104 5001 – 5090
6,030 6,330 6,310
7,410 7,770 7,750
7,750 8,110 8,090
2.4 2.6 2.6

30 30 30
35 35 35
4.3 4.3 4.3
6.5 6.5 6.5
8.5 8.5 8.5
4.3 4.3 4.3
6.5 6.5 6.5
8.5 8.5 8.5
33.3 23.5 22.5
{0.34} {0.24} {0.23}
40.2 28.4 28.4
{0.41} {0.29} {0.29}
42.1 29.4 29.4
{0.43} {0.30} {0.30}
3,055 3,055 3,060
4,015 3,995 3,975
4,085 4,065 4,045
1,850 2,250 2,250
2,720 3,250 3,250

2,700 2,700 2,720
2,015 2,015 2,035
2,700 2,700 2,720
2,700 2,700 2,720
1,450 1,650 1,650

2,240 2,240 2,240
400 600 600
315 315 385
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-5

(5)
D31EX-21 D31PX-21
Serial No. 50098 and up 50182 and up
Operating weight
• Bare tractor kg 5,800 6,250 6,230
Weight

kg 7,130 7,650 7,630
ROPS cab
kg 7,470 7,990 7,970
ROPS canopy
Min. turning radius m – (Pivot turn) – (Pivot turn) – (Pivot turn)
Gradeability deg 30 30 30
Stability (front, rear, left, right) deg 35 35 35
Forward 1st km/h 4.3 4.3 4.3
Forward 2nd km/h 6.5 6.5 6.5
Travel speed
Forward 3rd km/h 8.5 8.5 8.5

Performance
Reverse 1st km/h 4.3 4.3 4.3

Reverse 2nd km/h 6.5 6.5 6.5
Reverse 3rd km/h 8.5 8.5 8.5
kPa 35.3 23.5 23.5
Ground pressure
Bare tractor
{kg/cm2} {0.36} {0.24} {0.24}
ROPS canopy {kg/cm2} {0.44} {0.29} {0.29}
ROPS cab {kg/cm2} {0.46} {0.30} {0.30}
Bare tractor mm 3,055 3,090 3,110
Overall

length
mm 4,015 3,995 3,975

ROPS canopy
mm 4,085 4,065 4,045
ROPS cab
Bare tractor mm 1,850 2,250 2,250
Overall
width
Power angle tiltdozer mm 2,435 3,200 3,200

Dimensions
To tip of exhaust pipe mm 2,700 2,700 2,720

To top of operator's
Overall height
mm 2,015 2,015 2,035

compartment
With ROPS cab installed
mm 2,700 2,700 2,720
(not including antenna)
With ROPS canopy
mm 2,700 2,700 2,720
installed
Track gauge mm 1,450 1,650 1,650
Length of track on ground mm 2,010 2,185 2,185
Width of track
mm 400 600 600
(standard track shoe)
Min. ground clearance mm 315 315 385
01-5-1 D31/37EX, PX-21

(7)
D37EX-21 D37PX-21
400 mm 600 mm 600 mm
5105 and up 5091 and up
6,030 6,330 6,310
7,410 7,770 7,750
7,750 8,110 8,090
– (Pivot turn) – (Pivot turn) – (Pivot turn)

30 30 30
35 35 35
4.3 4.3 4.3
6.5 6.5 6.5
8.5 8.5 8.5
4.3 4.3 4.3
6.5 6.5 6.5
8.5 8.5 8.5
33.3 23.5 22.5
{0.34} {0.24} {0.23}
40.2 28.4 28.4
{0.41} {0.29} {0.29}
42.1 29.4 29.4
{0.43} {0.30} {0.30}
3,055 3,055 3,060
4,015 3,995 3,975
4,085 4,065 4,045
1,850 2,250 2,250
2,720 3,250 3,250

2,700 2,700 2,720
2,015 2,015 2,035
2,700 2,700 2,720
2,700 2,700 2,720
1,450 1,650 1,650

2,240 2,240 2,240
400 600 600
315 315 385
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-5-2

(5)
D31EX-21 D31PX-21
Machine model
400 mm Single shoe 600 mm Single shoe 600 mm Swamp shoe
Serial No. 50001 and up
Name — SAA4D102E-2-B
4-cycle, water-cooled, in-line vertical type, 4 cylinders, direct injection,
Type —
with turbocharger, air-cooled after cooler
No. of cylinders –
mm 4 – 102 x 120
bore x stroke
Piston displacement ¬ {cc} 3.92 {3,920}
Rated kW {HP}
56 {75}/2,000
horsepower /rpm
Performance
Nm {kgm}
Engine
Max. torque 384 {39.2}/1,300

/rpm
High idling rpm 2,200
Low idling rpm 800
Min. fuel g/kWh
211 {157}
consumption ratio {g/HPh}
Starting motor — 24 V, 5.5 kW
Alternator — 24 V, 25 A
Battery — 12 V, 60 Ah x 2 (75D31R)
Radiator core type — D-5
Type, number — Variable displacement piston pump x 2, Gear pump x 1
Discharge amount
HST pump
(variable pump) cm3/rev 63

(charge pump) 40
Set pressure
Power train system
MPa
(variable pump) 41.2 {420}
{kg/cm2}
(charge pump) 2.75 {28}
Variable displacement piston motor
Type, number —
(3-stage selection, with parking brake) x 2
HST motor
Discharge amount
(Max.) 93
cm3/rev
(Medium) 61
(Min.) 46
Planetary gear, 2-stage reduction type,
Final drive —
splash type lubrication
Suspension — Rigid
Carrier roller — 1 on each side
Track roller — 5 on each side 6 on each side
Track shoe
• 400 mm Assembly type, single
Undercarriage
Single shoe grouser, 38 on each — —

side, pitch: 154.3 mm
• 600 mm Assembly type, single
Single shoe — grouser, 40 on each —
• 600 mm Assembly type,
Swamp shoe special swamp shoe,
— —
40 on each side, pitch:
154.3 mm
01-6 D31/37EX, PX-21

(7)
D37EX-21 D37PX-21
400 mm Single shoe 600 mm Single shoe 600 mm Swamp shoe
5001 and up
SAA4D102E-2-B
4-cycle, water-cooled, in-line vertical type, 4 cylinders, direct injection,
with turbocharger, air-cooled after cooler
4 – 102 x 120
3.92 {3,920}
63 {85}/2,000
412 {42.0}/1,300
2,200
800
211 {157}
24 V, 5.5 kW
24 V, 25 A
12 V, 60 Ah x 2 (75D31R)
D-5
Variable displacement piston pump x 2, Gear pump x 1
63
40
41.2 {420}
2.75 {28}
Variable displacement piston motor
(3-stage selection, with parking brake) x 2
93
61
46
Planetary gear, 2-stage reduction type,
splash type lubrication
Rigid
1 on each side
6 on each side
Assembly type, single

grouser, 41 on each — —
Assembly type, single
— grouser, 41 on each —
Assembly type,
special swamp shoe,
— —
41 on each side, pitch:
154.3 mm
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-7

(7)
D31EX-21 D31PX-21
Serial No. 50001 and up
Type, number — Gear type x 1
Hydraulic
Theoretical discharge amount 3

40.2
pump
cm /rev
MPa
Max. discharge pressure 20.6 {210}
{kg/cm2}
Type, number — 3-spool valve x 1
control
valve
Main
Operating method — Hydraulic pilot type

Type — Double-acting piston type
Cylinder bore mm 85
Lift cylinder
Outside diameter of piston rod mm 40

Work equipment hydraulic system
Piston stroke mm 365

Max. distance between pins mm 1,009
Min. distance between pins mm 644
Cylinder bore mm 90
Tilt cylinder

Max. distance between pins mm 598
Angle cylinder
Cylinder bore mm 75
Max. distance between pins mm 1,083
Hydraulic tank — Box type (externally mounted control valve type)
Hydraulic filter — Tank return side
Oil cooler — Air-cooled type (SF-3)
Type — Hydraulic type angle tiltdozer
Blade support method — Hydraulic cylinder type
Max. lifting height (from ground) mm 860 855 920
Work equipment
Perfor-
mance
Max. lowering depth (from ground) mm 385 380 315

Max. tilt mm 330 435 435
Max. angle deg 25 25 25
Blade width mm 2,435 3,200 3,200
Dimen-
sions
Blade height mm 845 750 750

Blade cutting angle deg 57 57 59
01-8 D31/37EX, PX-21

D37EX-21 D37PX-21
400 mm 600 mm 600 mm
5001 and up
Gear type x 1
40.2
20.6 {210}
3-spool valve x 1
Hydraulic pilot type

Double-acting piston type
85
40
365
1,009
644
90
45
139
598
459
75
40
393
1,083
690
Box type (externally mounted control valve type)
Tank return side
Air-cooled type (SF-3)
Hydraulic type angle tiltdozer
Hydraulic cylinder type
860 855 920
385 380 315
375 445 445
25 25 25
2,720 3,250 3,250
940 895 895
57 57 59
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-9

GENERAL WEIGHT TABLE
WEIGHT TABLE
★ This Weight Table is for reference when handling components or when transporting the machine.
Unit: kg
Machine model D31EX-21 D31PX-21 D37EX-21 D37PX-21
Engine, damper assembly (not including water or
485 485 485 485
oil)
• Engine assembly 400 400 400 400
• Damper assembly 27 27 27 27
• Engine related parts (engine mount, air
58 58 58 58
cleaner, muffler, etc.)
Cooling assembly 177 177 176 176
• Radiator 71 71 71 71
• Oil cooler 33 33 33 33
• Charge air cooler 15 15 15 15
Fuel tank (not including fuel) 106 106 106 106
HST pump 124 124 124 124
HST motor (each side) 130 130 130 130
Final drive (each side) 162 162 162 162
Sprocket (each side) 26 26 26 26
Frame assembly 1,790 1,880 1,860 1,900
• Main frame 1,110 1,150 1,130 1,170
• Front underguard 8 8 8 8
• Rear underguard (including inspection cover) 41 41 41 41
• Idler assembly (each side) 93 93 93 93
• Recoil spring assembly (each side) 70 70 70 70
• Track roller (each side) 27 x 5 27 x 6 27 x 6 27 x 6
• Carrier roller (each side) 16 16 16 16
Track shoe assembly
• Single grouser shoe (400 mm) 520 x 2 520 x 2 560 x 2 560 x 2
• Single grouser shoe (600 mm) — 690 x 2 — 710 x 2
• Swamp shoe (600 mm) — 680 x 2 — 700 x 2
Hydraulic tank (not including hydraulic oil) 65 65 65 65
Hydraulic pump 6 6 6 6
Control valve
• 3-spool valve 16 16 16 16
• 4-spool valve (with ripper) 19 — 19 —
01-10 D31/37EX, PX-21

GENERAL WEIGHT TABLE
Unit: kg
Machine model D31EX-21 D31PX-21 D37EX-21 D37PX-21
Power angle tiltdozer assembly 945 1,020 990 1,050
• Blade 460 530 505 565
• Dozer frame 380 380 380 380
• Tilt cylinder assembly 20 20 20 20
• Angle cylinder assembly 22 x 2 22 x 2 22 x 2 22 x 2
Lift cylinder assembly 23 x 2 23 x 2 23 x 2 23 x 2
ROPS cab assembly 620 620 620 620
ROPS canopy assembly 310 310 310 310
Operator's seat 60 60 60 60
Floor frame assembly 220 220 220 220
Radiator guard assembly (including radiator
175 175 180 180
mask)
Engine hood assembly 40 40 40 40
Engine side cover assembly (including left,
60 60 60 60
right, top, bottom)
Front bracket (engine dividing wall) 45 45 45 45
Fender (left) 107 107 107 107
Fender (right) 113 113 113 113
D31/37EX, PX-21 01-11

TABLE OF FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CAPACITY ( )

KIND OF
RESERVOIR 22 4 14 32 50 68 86 104
FLUID Specified Refill
30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40
SAE30
SAE10W
Engine oil pan 14 12.5
SAE10W-30
SAE15W-40
Idler (left and right, each) SAE30 0.16 0.16

Engine oil
SAE10W
Hydraulic system SAE10W-30 97 47
SAE15W-40
Final drive case

SAE30 3.5 3.5
(left and right, each)
ASTM D975 No.2

Fuel tank Diesel fuel 165
ASTM D975 No.1
Grease fitting Grease Lithium-based grease No. 2
Cooling system
Coolant Add antifreeze 27
(including sub-tank)
01-12 D31/37EX, PX-21

(7)
10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,
MAINTENANCE STANDARD
COOLING SYSTEM.................................10- 2 TRACK ROLLER ..................................... 10- 64

ENGINE CONTROL.................................10- 3 CARRIER ROLLER ................................. 10- 66
POWER TRAIN........................................10- 5 SPROCKET ............................................. 10- 67
POWER TRAIN SYSTEM ........................10- 6 TRACK SHOE ......................................... 10- 69
HST HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENT OF HYDRAULIC
ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM ..............10- 7 EQUIPMENT FOR WORK
STEERING, BRAKE CONTROL ..............10- 8 EQUIPMENT ...................................... 10- 73
DAMPER..................................................10- 10 WORK EQUIPMENT CONTROL............. 10- 74
SOLENOID VALVE...................................10- 11 HYDRAULIC TANK, FILTER.................... 10- 76
FINAL DRIVE ...........................................10- 13 HYDRAULIC PUMP................................. 10- 77
HST PUMP...............................................10- 17 WORK EQUIPMENT CYLINDER ............ 10- 78
SAFETY-SUCTION VALVE ......................10- 22 CONTROL VALVE ................................... 10- 80
CUT-OFF VALVE......................................10- 25 CLSS ....................................................... 10- 88
CHARGE SAFETY VALVE.......................10- 26 WORK EQUIPMENT PPC VALVE........... 10- 98
CHARGE PUMP ......................................10- 28 WORK EQUIPMENT ............................... 10-105
HST BRAKE QUICK RETURN CIRCUIT.10- 29 CUTTING EDGE, END BIT ..................... 10-108
TOWING VALVE ......................................10- 30 CAB RELATED ........................................ 10-109
PARKING BRAKE VALVE ........................10- 31 SAFETY MECHANISM WHEN
AS VALVE ................................................10- 33 STARTING ENGINE........................... 10- 110
HST MOTOR............................................10- 35 GEARSHIFT CONTROL SYSTEM .......... 10- 111
STEERING, DIRECTIONAL PPC VALVE.10- 46 PARKING BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM . 10- 112
INCHING VALVE ......................................10- 57 COMPONENT EQUIPMENT OF
AUTOMATIC GEARSHIFTING VALVE ....10- 52 SYSTEM............................................. 10- 113
FRAME ASSEMBLY ................................10- 58 MONITOR SYSTEM ................................ 10- 115
TRACK FRAME, RECOIL SPRING .........10- 60 SENSORS ............................................... 10- 119
IDLER.......................................................10- 62
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-1

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD COOLING SYSTEM
COOLING SYSTEM
1. Radiator 8. After cooler outlet port

2. Radiator cap 9. Radiator inlet port hose
3. Oil cooler 10. Reservoir tank
4. After cooler 11. After cooler inlet port
5. Shroud 12. Radiator outlet port hose
6. Fan 13. Oil cooler inlet port hose
7. Drain valve 14. Oil cooler outlet port tube
Specifications
Item Unit Radiator Oil cooler After cooler

Core type — D-5 SF-3 AL-CFT
Fin pitch mm 3.0 3.0 6.0/2
2
Total heat dissipation area m 34.05 12.35 11.44
Pressure valve cracking kPa 88.3 ± 14.7
— —
pressure {kg/cm2} {0.9 ± 0.15}
Vacuum valve cracking kPa 0 – 4.9
— —
pressure {kg/cm2} {0 – 0.05}
10-2 D31/37EX, PX-21

(7)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD ENGINE CONTROL
ENGINE CONTROL
1. Decelerator pedal
2. Clutch
3. Fuel control lever
4. Fuel control cable
5. Decelerator cable
6. Governor lever
Outline
• The control of the engine speed is carried out
with fuel control lever (3) or decelerator pedal
(1).
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-3

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD POWER TRAIN
POWER TRAIN
Outline
• The power generated by the engine (1) has its
torsional vibration reduced by damper (2), and is
then transmitted to the input shaft of the HST
pump.
• HST pump (3) consists of swash plate type pis-
ton pumps for the left travel and right travel
joined in tandem. The hydraulic power passes
from each pump through high-pressure hoses
(4) and is transmitted to left and right HST
motors (5).
• HST pump (3) changes the discharge direction
and discharge amount continuously in accor-
dance with the movement of the swash plate of
each pump to match the movement of the steer-
ing, direction, and speed lever. This changes
the direction of rotation and speed of the left
and right HST motors and controls the forward
and reverse travel and turning of the machine.
• The hydraulic power transmitted to HST motor
(5) is output from the motor output shaft as
mechanical power, and is transmitted to final
drive (6).
• Final drive (6) is a 2-stage planetary gear mech-
an ism. It re d uc es th e sp ee d an d ro ta tes
sprocket (7) to drive track shoe (8).
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-5

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD POWER TRAIN SYSTEM
POWER TRAIN SYSTEM
1. Engine 6. HST motor

2. Damper 7. Final drive
3. HST pump 8. Sprocket
4. Charge pump 9. Track shoe
5. High-pressure hose
10-6 D31/37EX, PX-21

HST HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM
HST HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM
1. HST pump 6. Shut-off valve

2. Towing valve 7. Auto gearshift valve
3. Inching valve 8. Charge pump oil filter
4. 4-spool solenoid valve 9. HST motor
5. Steering and REVERSE PPC valve
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-7

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD STEERING, BRAKE CONTROL
STEERING, BRAKE CONTROL

D31EX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50097 D37EX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5104
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50181 D37PX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5090
10-8 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
1. Parking brake lever

2. Steering, directional, and speed lever
3. Steering and directional PPC valve
4. Shut-off valve
5. Limit switch for center brake
6. Inching valve
7. Brake pedal
8. Neutral safety, parking brake limit switch
Outline
• Steering, direction, and speed lever (2) changes
the volume of the HST pump continuously
through steering and directional PPC valve (3)
to steer and drive the machine forward or in
reverse.
• If steering, direction, and speed lever (2) is oper-
ated to FORWARD and slightly to the left, the
machine will turn gradually to the left. If the
lever is operated fully to the left, it will carry out a
spin turn to the left.
• Brake pedal (7) operates the spool of inching
valve (6) according to the amount that it is
depressed and actuates the left and right HST
hydraulic brakes simultaneously.
If brake pedal (7) is depressed fully, the left and
right HST hydraulic brakes are at actuated sud-
denly at the same time, and the signal from cen-
ter brake limit switch (5) is sent to the solenoid
valve. After the machine stops, the parking
brake built into the left and right HST motors is
actuated.
• Parking brake lever (1) is interconnected with
shut-off valve (4) and neutral safety and parking
brake limit switch (8), and acts also as the park-
ing brake.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-9

(5)
D31EX-21 Serial No. 50098 and up D37EX-21 Serial No. 5105 and up
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50182 and up D37PX-21 Serial No. 5091 and up
10-9-1 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
1. Parking brake lever

2. Steering, directional, and speed lever
3. Steering and directional PPC valve
4. Shut-off valve
5. Limit switch for center brake
6. Inching valve
7. Brake pedal
8. Neutral safety, parking brake limit switch
Outline
• Steering, direction, and speed lever (2) changes
the volume of the HST pump continuously
through steering and directional PPC valve (3)
to steer and drive the machine forward or in
reverse.
• If steering, direction, and speed lever (2) is oper-
ated to FORWARD and slightly to the left, the
machine will turn gradually to the left. If the
lever is operated fully to the left, it will carry out a
pivot turn to the left.
• Brake pedal (7) operates the spool of inching
valve (6) according to the amount that it is
depressed and actuates the left and right HST
hydraulic brakes simultaneously.
If brake pedal (7) is depressed fully, the left and
right HST hydraulic brakes are at actuated sud-
denly at the same time, and the signal from cen-
ter brake limit switch (5) is sent to the solenoid
valve. After the machine stops, the parking
brake built into the left and right HST motors is
actuated.
• Parking brake lever (1) is interconnected with
shut-off valve (4) and neutral safety and parking
brake limit switch (8), and acts also as the park-
ing brake.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-9-2

(5)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD DAMPER
DAMPER
Unit: mm
No. Check item Criteria Remedy
Distance between HST pump mounting Standard size Repair limit
1 Adjust
surface and tip of boss 62.0 ±0.8
2 Wear of inner teeth of coupling (resin) Repair limit: 1.0 Replace
3. Coupling Outline
4. Boss • The damper reduces the torsional vibration
5. HST pump input shaft caused by variations in the engine torque, and
6. Cover acts to protect the engine and downstream drive
7. Flywheel system from the torsional vibration.
• The power from the engine is transmitted from
flywheel (7) to coupling (3). Coupling (3)
absorbs the torsional vibration and transmits the
power through boss (4) to the HST pump.
10-10 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
For 2nd selector, 3rd selector, HST brake selector, parking brake
P: From HST pump CPB Outline

TO: Drain • Four selector valves (solenoid valve x 3, hydrau-
A1: To auto gearshift valve PIN lic selector valve x 1) are installed to block (5).
A2: To left and right HST motor PCmin • 2nd selector solenoid valve (1) outputs the
A3: To HST pump EB1, EB2 selector oil pressure when the steering, direc-
A4: To HST pump PPB tion, and speed lever shift switch is operated,
X: From 4-spool solenoid A4 and changes the HST motor capacity to 2nd
speed.
1. 2nd selector solenoid valve • 3rd selector solenoid valve (2) outputs the
2. 3rd selector solenoid valve selector oil pressure when the steering, direc-
3. HST brake selector valve tion, and speed lever shift switch is operated,
4. Parking brake solenoid valve and changes the HST motor capacity to 3rd
5. Block speed.
• HST brake selector valve (3) outputs the selec-
tor oil pressure when the output pressure oil of
parking brake solenoid valve (4) is drained, sets
the HST pump capacity to Neutral, and actuates
the HST hydraulic brake to stop the machine.
• The limit switch that is actuated when the brake
pedal is depressed fully or the limit switch inter-
connected with the travel lock lever send a sig-
nal. Parking brake solenoid valve (4) then
drains the selector oil pressure and applies the
parking brake built into the HST motor.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-11

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD SOLENOID VALVE
1. Nut 4. Connector 7. Spool

2. Plunger 5. Push pin 8. Block
3. Coil 6. Spring
Operation
When solenoid is de-energized

• The signal current does not flow from the con-
troller, so coil (3) is de-energized.
• For this reason, spool (7) is pushed fully to the
left by spring (6).
• As a result, port A closes and the flow of pres-
surized oil from the pump does not flow to actu-
ator (9).
At the same time, the oil from actuator (9) flows
from port B to port C and then, it is drained.
When solenoid is energized

• When the signal current flows to the solenoid
valve, coil (3) is excited, and propulsion force to
the right is generated in plunger (2).
• For this reason, spool (7) is pushed to the right
by push pin (5).
• As a result, the pressurized oil from the pump
flows from port A through port B, and goes to
actuator (9).
At the same time, port C closes, so the oil is not
drained.
10-12 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD FINAL DRIVE
FINAL DRIVE
1. Oil level plug

2. Drain plug
Outline
• The final drive is a planetary gear, 2-stage
reduction type. It provides splash lubrication
when the gear rotates.
It is also possible to remove or install the final
drive as a single unit.
• A floating seal is installed to the rotating and
sliding portion of the sprocket to prevent the
entry of sand or soil from outside and to prevent
leakage of lubricating oil.
Specifications
Reduction ratio:
– ((14 + 88) / 14) x ((20 + 88) / 20) + 1 = –38.343
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-13

3. No. 1 sun gear (No. of teeth: 14) 9. Floating seal

4. No. 2 sun gear (No. of teeth: 20) 10. HST motor
5. No. 1 planetary carrier 11. Hub
6. Cover 12. No. 2 planetary pinion (No. of teeth: 34)
7. Sprocket 13. Ring gear (No. of teeth: 88)
8. No. 2 planetary carrier 14. No. 1 planetary pinion (No. of teeth: 37)
Unit: mm
Backlash of No. 1 sun gear and Standard clearance Clearance limit
15
No. 1 planetary pinion 0.13 – 0.35 1.00
Backlash of No. 1 planetary
16 0.17 – 0.54 1.10
pinion and ring gear
Backlash of No. 1 planetary Replace
17 0.27 – 0.46 1.00
carrier and No. 2 sun gear
Backlash of No. 2 sun gear and
18 0.14 – 0.38 1.00
No. 2 planetary pinion
Backlash of No. 2 planetary
19 0.18 – 0.54 1.10
pinion and ring gear
10-14 D31/37EX, PX-21

Path of power transmission
• The power from the HST motor goes from No. 1

sun gear (1) through No. 1 planetary pinion (2),
is reduced and rotates in the opposite direction
from the rotation of the HST motor, and is then
transmitted to ring gear (6).
When this happens, No. 1 planetary pinion (2)
forms one unit with No. 1 planetary carrier (3),
and the power from No. 1 planetary carrier (3) is
transmitted to No. 2 sun gear (4).
• The power transmitted to No. 2 sun gear (4)
passes through No. 2 planetary pinion (5), has
its speed reduced, and is transmitted to ring
gear (6).
• The rotating power undergoes two-stage reduc-
tion, is transmitted to ring gear (6), passes
through hub (7), and is transmitted to sprocket
(8).
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-15

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD HST PUMP
HST PUMP
Type: HPV63 + 63
Structure
• This pump consists of a variable displacement
swash plate tandem piston pump, drive piston,
AS valve, safety-suction valve, charge safety
valve, cut-off valve, and charge pump.
1. Parking brake valve

2. Piston pump
3. Drive piston
4. AS valve
5. Safety-suction valve
6. Charge safety valve
7. Cut-off valve
8. Charge pump
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-17

1. Shaft 9. Cylinder block

2. Case 10. Valve plate
3. Cradle bearing 11. End cap
4. Rocker cam 12. Bearing
5. Drive piston 13. Spline
6. Slider 14. Bearing
7. Shoe 15. Charge pump
8. Piston
Outline
• The rotation and torque transmitted to the pump • Rocker cam (4) has flat surface A, and shoe (7)
shaft is converted into hydraulic energy, and is always pressed against this surface while slid-
pressurized oil is discharged according to the ing in a circular movement. Rocker cam (4)
load. positions cradle bearing (3) between case (2)
• It is possible to change the discharge amount by and cylindrical surface B, and rocks.
changing the swash plate angle (normal ←→ 0 • Piston (8) carries out relative movement in the
←→ reverse discharge). axial direction inside each cylinder chamber of
cylinder block (9).
Structure • Cylinder block (9) seals the pressure oil to valve
• Cylinder block (9) is supported to shaft (1) by plate (10) and carries out relative rotation. This
spline (13). Shaft (1) is supported by front and surface is designed so that the oil pressure bal-
rear bearings (12) and (14). ance is maintained at a suitable level. The oil
• The tip of piston (8) is a concave ball, and shoe inside each cylinder chamber of cylinder block
(7) is caulked to it to form one unit. Piston (8) (9) is sucked in and discharged through valve
and shoe (7) form a spherical bearing. plate (10).
10-18 D31/37EX, PX-21

Operation
1. Operation of pump
• Cylinder block (9) rotates together with shaft (1),

and shoe (7) slides on flat surface A. When this
happens, angle α between center line X of
rocker cam (4) and the axial direction of cylinder
block (9) changes. (Angle α is called the swash
plate angle.)
• Center line X of rocker cam (4) maintains swash
plate angle α in relation to the axial direction of
cylinder block (9), and flat surface A moves as a
cam in relation to shoe (7).
• In this way, piston (8) slides on the inside of cyl-
inder block (9), so a difference between volumes
E and F is created inside cylinder block (9). The
suction and discharge is carried out by an
amount equal to this difference F – E.
• In other words, when cylinder block (9) rotates
and the volume of chamber F becomes smaller,
the oil is discharged during that stroke. On the
other hand, the volume of chamber E becomes
larger, and as the volume becomes larger, the
oil is sucked in.
• If center line X of rocker cam (4) is in line with
the axial direction of cylinder block (9) (swash
plate angle = 0), the difference between vol-
u me s E ' a n d F ' in s id e c y lin d e r b lo c k ( 7 )
becomes 0, so the pump does not carry out any
suction or discharge of oil.
• Piston (8) slides on the inside of cylinder block

(9), so a difference between volumes E" and F"
is created inside cylinder block (9). The suction
and discharge is carried out by an amount equal
to this difference E" – F".
• In other words, when cylinder block (9) rotates
a n d t h e vo l u me o f c h a mb e r E " b e c o me s
smaller, the oil is discharged during that stroke.
On the other hand, the volume of chamber F"
becomes larger, and the oil is sucked in during
that stroke. When the angle of the swash plate
is reversed, the suction and discharge of ports
PA and PB are reversed.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-19

2. Control of discharge amount
• If swash plate angle α becomes larger, the dif-

ference between volumes E and F becomes
larger and discharge amount Q increases.
Swash plate angle α is changed by drive piston
(5).
• Drive piston (5) moves in a double-acting
straight line movement according to the signal
pressure from the PPC valve.
• This straight line movement is transmitted
through slider (6) to rocker cam (4). Rocker cam
(4), which is supported by the cylindrical surface
to cradle bearing (3), then rocks on the cylindri-
cal surface.
• For the pump, swash plate angle α is a maxi-
mum of ± 15.6º.
10-20 D31/37EX, PX-21

3. Operation of drive piston
1) When lever is operated
• When the pressure oil from the PPC valve

enters port SA1, drive piston (1) moves to the
left to a position where the force of spring (2)
and the oil pressure are balanced.
2) When lever is at neutral
• When no pressure oil enters from the PPC

valve, drive piston (1) does not move, so the
main pump is at neutral.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD SAFETY-SUCTION VALVE
SAFETY-SUCTION VALVE
1. Charge pump 3C. Sleeve

2. Charge safety valve 3D. Spring
3. Safety-suction valve 3E. Spring
3A. Valve 3F. Plug
3B. Rod
10-22 D31/37EX, PX-21

1. When it is high-pressure relief valve
Function
• It restricts the maximum pressure inside the
HST circuit to protect the circuit.
Operation
(valve at piston pump discharge side)
• Port A is connected to the pump circuit and port
B is connected to the charge circuit. The pres-
sure oil passes through drill hole a in piston (3A)
and also fills port C.
• The oil at high-pressure port A passes through
passage groove b in the body and also fills port
D.
• Poppet (3A) is in tight contact with valve seat
(3C).
• If abnormal pressure is generated in the circuit
and the oil pressure at ports A and D reaches
the pressure set by spring (3D), poppet (3A) is
pushed to the right, and the oil at port A is
relieved to port B, so the oil pressure at port A
goes down.
2. When it is safety-suction valve
Function
• This ensures the oil flow in in the HST closed
circuit. It prevents the charge oil flow from flow-
ing to the pump high-pressure side (discharge
side).
Operation
1) When HST pump discharge amount is 0
• The HST closed circuit is sealed, so the charge

pressure oil does not flow into the HST circuit.
• Therefore, the charge pressure oil from charge
pump (1) all passes through charge safety valve
(2) and is drained to the inside of the case.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-23

2) When HST pump discharge amount is being dis-

charged from port PA
i) Valve at piston pump discharge side
• If pressure oil is being discharged from port PA

of HST pump (4), port PA becomes the high-
pressure side.
• This pressure oil at port PA passes through pas-
sage b in the body and flows into port D.
• When this happens, sleeve (3C) is pushed fully
to the left because of the relationship of the dif-
ference in area (A1>A2).
• Therefore, the pressure oil from charge pump
(1) is prevented from flowing in.
3. Valve at piston pump suction side
Operation
• Port PB becomes the suction side, so it is at
low-pressure. Sleeve (3C) is pushed to the right
by the charge pressure oil from the relationship
of the difference in area (A1<A2), and the seat
of sleeve (3C) opens.
• As a result, the charge pressure oil at port B
passes through this gap, flows to port PB, and
carries out the charge action in the HST circuit.
10-24 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CUT-OFF VALVE
CUT-OFF VALVE
1. HST pump
2. Charge pump
3. Cut-off valve
3A. Spool
3B. Sleeve
3C. Seat
3D. Spring
3E. Adjustment screw
3F. Locknut
Function
• The cut-off valve is installed to the HST pump.
When the inside of the HST circuit reaches the
maximum pressure, it limits the basic pressure
of the HST pump PPC valve, reduces the swash
plate angle of the HST pump, and limits the
maximum pressure.
Operation
• Port A is connected to the HST circuit, port B is
connected to the travel PPC basic circuit, and
port C is connected to the HST pump drain. The
pressure oil at chamber B is sealed by spool
(3A) and sleeve (3B).
• The HST circuit pressure becomes high and is a

force equivalent to the difference in the cross-
sectional area of spool (3A) with the oil pressure
at port A. But if it reaches the force set by
spring (3D), spool (3A) is pushed to the right.
The oil in chamber B flows to port C, so the
pressure in chamber B goes down.
• When the pressure in chamber B goes down,
th e s w a s h p l a t e a n g le o f t h e H S T p u m p
becomes smaller, and the rise in pressure in the
HST circuit is suppressed.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-25

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CHARGE SAFETY VALVE
CHARGE SAFETY VALVE
1. Charge pump
2. Charge safety valve
2A. Valve
2B. Spring
2C. Valve seat
2D. Poppet
2E. Spring
2F. Adjustment screw
3. Safety-suction valve
Function
• The charge safety valve is installed to the HST
pump. It limits the maximum pressure in the
charge circuit and protects the charge circuit.
10-26 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CHARGE SAFETY VALVE
Operation
• Port A is connected to the charge circuit, and
port B is connected through the HST pump case
to the tank drain circuit. The pressure oil passes
through orifice a in valve (2A) and fills chamber
C. Poppet (2D) is in tight contact with valve
seat (2C).
• If abnormal pressure is generated in the circuit

or the shuttle valve of the HST motor is at neu-
tral, and the pressure oil at port A and chamber
C rises to the pressure set by the spring (2E),
poppet (2D) is pushed to the right. The oil in
chamber C is relieved to port B, so the pressure
in chamber C goes down.
• When the pressure at at port C goes down, a dif-

ference in pressure is generated between port A
and chamber C through orifice a of valve (2A).
Valve (2A) is pushed to the right by the oil pres-
sure at port A, and the oil at port A is relieved to
port B. In this way, the pressure in the charge
circuit is prevented from rising any further.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-27

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CHARGE PUMP
CHARGE PUMP
1. Side plate
2. Coupling
3. Shaft
4. Outer ring
5. Case
6. Inner rotor
7. Outer rotor
Outline
• The HST charge pump is built into the HST
pump and drives at the same time as the HST
pump.
• It supplies oil to the AS valve and HST pump
charge safety valve.
• The charge pump sucks in the oil from the
hydraulic tank.
Specifications
Type: Trochoid pump
Theoretical discharge amount: 35 cc/rev
Operation
• The charge pump is connected to the HST
pump shaft by coupling (2) and rotates inner
rotor (6) and outer rotor (7).
• When inner rotor (6) and outer rotor (7) rotate,
the capacity of chamber A increases, oil is
sucked in, the capacity of c hamber B
decreases, and the oil is discharged.
10-28 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD HST BRAKE QUICK RETURN CIRCUIT
HST BRAKE QUICK RETURN CIRCUIT

Function
• If the machine is stopped suddenly by fully
depressing the center brake, the HST pump
capacity control piston is forcibly returned to
Neutral by the oil pressure.
Operation
• When the center brake is depressed fully, sole-
noid valve (1) is turned OFF and the pressure
becomes the drain pressure.
• Because the oil pressure in the pilot circuit of the
HST brake valve (2) becomes the drain pres-
sure, HST brake valve (2) sends oil to pump
EB1 and EB2.
• Oil flows to PPC priority valve (3) through the
passage at the outside circumference of control
piston (6), pushes against spring (4), and moves
spool (5) to the left. The oil flows into piston
chamber a, so control piston (6) returns to Neu-
tral.
• When control piston (6) returns to Neutral, the
flow of oil from EB1 and EB2 to the PPC priority
valve is shut off. It is also connected to the
drain, so the control piston remains at Neutral.
Unit: mm
Standard size Repair limit
Free length Installed Installed Free Installed Replace spring
PPC priority
7 x OD length load length load if damaged or
valve spring
18.5 N/mm 14.8 N/mm deformed
19.9 x 10.6 16.1 —
{1.89 kg/mm} {1.50 kg/mm}
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-29

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD TOWING VALVE
TOWING VALVE
Function
• These valves are built into the top surface of the
pump. There are two valves: the F valve (for the
left track) and the R valve (for the right track).
• If there is a failure on the machine, it is possible
to tow the machine by connecting the HST cir-
cuit.
• However, it is necessary to cancel the shaft
brake of the motor at the same time.
Operation
• To actuate the towing valves, loosen the two
valves a maximum of 4.5 mm (3 turns).
10-30 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD PARKING BRAKE VALVE
PARKING BRAKE VALVE
Function Operation
• This valve is mounted to the pump and controls
the parking brake (built into the travel motor). 1. Parking brake actuated
• It detects if the machine is stopped or traveling,
and controls the parking brake timer time to two • When the center brake is depressed fully, the
stages to prevent the parking brake from being limit switch is actuated.
actuated when the machine is traveling. • Solenoid valve (1) is turned OFF, the drain cir-
cuit opens, and the oil from the parking brake
passes through brake valve (2) and flows to the
drain circuit of solenoid valve (1).
• Therefore, the parking brake is actuated by the
spring force of the parking brake.
1) Parking brake actuated after machine is stopped

• When the machine has been stopped, the CN
pressure (maximum pressure of the HST pump
displacement control piston chamber) is the
drain pressure, so oil flows from opening a of
the spool land and orifice (5).
• Therefore, the timer time of the parking brake
be comes shorter an d the parking b rake is
applied immediately.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-31

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD PARKING BRAKE VALVE
2) Parking brake actuated when machine has been 2. Parking brake released
traveling
• When the machine has been traveling, the CN • When the center brake is released, the limit
pressure is high, so it pushes against spring (4), switch is turned OFF.
and spool (3) moves up. • Solenoid valve (1) is turned ON and the oil pres-
• When this happens, opening a of the spool land sure rises.
is closed, so oil flows only from orifice (5). • The oil from solenoid valve (1) passes through
• Therefore, the timer time of the parking brake the brake valve and flows to the parking brake.
becomes longer and prevents the parking brake • Therefore, the parking brake cylinder is actuated
from being applied when the machine is travel- and the parking brake is released.
ing.
• When the traveling machine comes to a stop,
the actuation is the same as in Item 1) above.
Unit: mm
Parking Free length Installed Installed Free Installed Replace spring
6 brake valve x OD length load length load if damaged or
spring 14.4 N/mm 11.5 N/mm deformed
24.0 x 10.2 20.9 —
{1.47 kg/mm} {1.18 kg/mm}
10-32 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD AS VALVE
AS VALVE
Function
• This valve is installed to the main piston pump. 1. Locknut
It reduces the pressure of the oil from the 2. Adjustment screw
charge pump and controls it to the basic pres- 3. Spring (plug end)
sure of the travel PPC valve for the travel speed 4. Spring (inside piston)
control. 5. Spring (valve end)
• This outputs an oil pressure proportional to the 6. Valve
change in the engine speed. 7. Orifice
Operation
1. When reducing pressure
• The oil from the charge pump passes through • At the same time, the pressure oil is reduced
orifice (7), and always flows from port B to the from the charge relief pressure of port B, and is
piston pump charge circuit. output to port C (valve area difference: D2>D1)
• When the oil from the charge pump passes to balance with F.
through orifice (7), a difference in pressure is • In other words, the control pressure matches the
formed between port A and port B. This differ- oil flow from the charge pump that increases or
ence in pressure is taken to chambers D and E decreases according to the engine speed, and
of valve (6) and generates a hydraulic propul- is output to port C.
sion force in direction F.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-33

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD AS VALVE
2. When preventing overrun
• If the flow of oil from the charge pump becomes

greater than the specified oil flow, valve (6)
moves to the right, port C is connected with the
drain circuit, and the basic pressure circuit of the
travel PPC valve becomes the drain pressure.
• As a result, the output pressure of the travel
PPC valve of the piston pump displacement
control is also suddenly reduced, so the pump
displacement is reduced.
• When the machine travels down a hill, the motor
may act as a pump, so the braking oil pressure
of the HST circuit acts as a braking force to pre-
vent the machine from running away.
Unit: mm
Installed Installed
Free Installed Free
load load
1 Spring length length length
(N{kg}) (N{kg})
Replace spring
117.6 94.1
23.0 18.6 — if damaged or
{12} {9.6}
deformed
158.8 127
2 Spring 27.6 17.7 —
{16.2} {13.0}
29.4 23.5
3 Spring 31.3 23.8 —
{3.0} {2.4}
10-34 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD HST MOTOR
HST MOTOR
Model: KMV105
1. Left HST motor

Direction of rotation (as seen facing drive shaft)
Flows in from MA: Clockwise rotation
Flows in from MB: Counterclockwise rotation
1. 3rd variable bent axis piston motor (L.H.)

2. Drive shaft
3. 3rd valve
4. Charge relief valve
T: Drain
MA: (high pressure when traveling forward) Discharge port
MB: (high pressure when traveling in reverse) Discharge port
PB: Parking brake cancel signal port
PCMIN: 3rd spool q min signal port
PCMID: 3rd spool q mid signal port
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-35

2. Right HST motor

Direction of rotation (as seen facing drive shaft)
Flows in from MA: Counterclockwise rotation
Flows in from MB: Clockwise rotation
1. 3rd variable bent axis piston motor (L.H.)

2. Drive shaft
3. 3rd valve
T: Drain
MA: (high pressure when traveling forward) Discharge port
MB: (high pressure when traveling in reverse) Discharge port
PB: Parking brake cancel signal port
PCMIN: 3rd spool q min signal port
PCMID: 3rd spool q mid signal port
10-36 D31/37EX, PX-21

1. 3rd variable shaft piston motor

2. Angled main piston
3. Angled sub piston
4. Shuttle valve
6. 3rd selector valve
7. Parking brake
8. Tank
Specifications
Model: KMV105
Type: 3-speed variable displacement, bent axis type piston pump
Theoretical discharge amount: 1st speed: 105 cc/rev; 2nd speed: 68 cc/rev; 3rd speed: 52 cc/rev
Charge relief valve set pressure: 2.06 – 2.16 MPa {21 – 22 kg/cm2}
Parking brake release pressure: 0.78 – 1.27 MPa {8 – 13 kg/cm 2}
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-37

3. Operation of piston motor
Principle
• Let us assume that the shaft of a disc is sup-
ported to allow the disc to rotate freely. If force F
is applied to this disc at an angle, this force F
can be divided into force F1 applied at a right
angle to th e face of the disc and force F2
applied in the direction of the circumference of
the disc. Force F1 pushes the disc in the axial
direction, and force F2 rotates the disc in a
clockwise direction.
• If force F' is applied to the disc instead of force
F, the force can be divided in the same way into
forces F'1 and F'2, and force F'2 will rotate the
disc in a counterclockwise direction.
Structure
• Seven pistons (2) are installed with a spherical
connection to the disc portion of output shaft (1).
Pistons (2) are at a certain angle to drive shaft
(1) and are fitted inside cylinder block (3).
• The angle of cylinder block (3) and pistons (2) is
decided by the ON-OFF signal of the control
pressure to PCMIN and PCMID of 3rd speed
valve (4). The combination is as shown in the
table.
PCMIN PCMID
Motor capacity MAX (1st) OFF OFF
Motor capacity MID (2nd) OFF ON
Motor capacity MIN (3rd) ON OFF
Operation
• The oil sent under pressure from the main piston
pump enters from the piston motor inlet port. Oil
pressure is formed at the rear face of piston (2),
and drive shaft (1) is rotated by angle Q of pis-
ton (2) and the cylinder block.
10-38 D31/37EX, PX-21

4. Changing capacity of 3rd speed motor
Motor capacity MAX (1st) Motor capacity MID (2nd) Motor capacity MIN (3rd)
Chamber A ON ON OFF
Chamber B ON OFF OFF
Chamber C ON ON ON
Function
• As shown in the diagram above, when the main • When the motor capacity is MAX (1st speed),
piston is at the lowest position, the motor capac- high pressure (self pressure) is being supplied
ity is MAX (1st speed). to all of chamber A, chamber B, and chamber C.
• When the main piston is at the highest position, However, the main piston is at the lowest posi-
the motor capacity is MIN (3rd speed). tion because the area on which the high pres-
• When it is at the midpoint position, the motor sure is acting in chamber B is larger than the
capacity is MID (2nd speed). A sub piston is area on which the high pressure is acting in
provided to produce the MID (2nd speed) motor chamber C. As a result, the combined force
capacity. generates a force in the downward direction.
• The area on which the self pressure is acting in
Operation chamber A and chamber B of the sub piston is
• The 3rd speed mechanism includes chamber A, the same. However, the high pressure (self
chamber B, and chamber C. Each of these pressure) acting on chamber A is greater than
chambers has its high pressure (self pressure) the high pressure acting on chamber B (the
turned ON (supplied) and OFF (drained) by the pressure is lower than the self pressure for
3rd speed valve, and the main piston and sub chamber A because the self pressure passes
piston are actuated. through a throttle), so the sub piston is pushed
down.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-39

5. 3rd speed valve and shuttle valve
Function
• The pressure at the high-pressure side is
selected at HST main pressures MA and MB,
and is supplied to the 3rd speed spool.
• A shuttle valve is provided to select the pressure
from the low-pressure side and supply it to the
charge relief valve.
Operation
• With cross section D-D, HST main pressure MA
is taken to the left end face of the shuttle valve;
HST main pressure MB is taken to the right end
face of the shuttle valve.
• The position of the shuttle valve at cross section
D-D is the neutral position when the difference
in pressure between MA and MB is small. Pres-
sures MA and MB are both taken to the 3rd
speed spool.
• Because of the two check valves, a higher pres-
sure than MA and MB is taken to the spool of
the shuttle valve. In this case, the passage to
the charge relief valve is shut off.
• With the position of the shuttle valve at cross
section D-D, when MA>MB, the shuttle valve
moves to the right, MA is selected as the high
pressure, and is taken to the 3rd speed spool.
MB is selected as the low pressure and is taken
to the charge relief valve.
• When MA<MB, the shuttle valve moves to the
left, MB is selected as the high pressure, and is
taken to the 3rd speed spool. MA is selected as
the low pressure and is taken to the charge
relief valve.
a: Check valve
b: Shuttle valve
c: Charge relief valve
10-40 D31/37EX, PX-21

6. 3rd speed valve
1. 3rd speed spool

2. Flow control valve
3. PCMIN port
4. PCMID port
Function Operation
• The HST main pressure at the high-pressure • When both PCMIN (3) and PCMID (4) are OFF,
side is selected by the shuttle valve and is taken 3rd speed spool (1) is at neutral, and pressure P
to portion P. is supplied to all of A, B, and C.
• 3rd speed spool (1) is moved by pressures • However, the supply to A passes through the
PCMIN and PCMID, so this pressure is supplied groove on the outside circumference of the
to rounds A, B, and C, which are connected to spool. Compared with this, the supply to B and
chamber A, chamber B, and chamber C of the C passes through flow control valve (2) built into
3rd speed mechanism. 3rd speed spool (1).
• As a result, the pressure at A is the highest and
the pressure at B and C is slightly lower.
[q = MAX (1st speed)]
• When PCMIN (3) is OFF and PCMID (4) is ON,
3rd speed spool (1) moves to the left and pres-
sure P is supplied to A and C, while B is drained
to the tank. [q = MID (2nd speed)]
• When PCMIN (3) is ON and PCMID (4) is OFF,
3rd speed spool (1) moves to the right and pres-
sure P is supplied to C, while A and B are
drained to the tank.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-41

7. Flow control valve (built into 3rd speed spool)
1. Spring
2. Spool
Function Operation
• The high pressure of the HST main pressure is • The oil inside spool (2) of the flow control valve
selected by the shuttle valve and is taken to por- flows W → X → Y. Portion X is a throttle.
tion P. • The position of the spool (area of opening at
• The pressure at this portion P changes from portion W) is determined by the differential pres-
approx. 2.45 MPa {25 kg/cm2} (charge pressure) sure between chamber Y and chamber Z and
to a maximum of 47.1 MPa {48 kg/cm 2}. the force of spring (1).
• The flow control valve supplies an almost con-
stant oil flow to B and C, regardless of the 1) When oil does not flow W → X → Y
change in pressure at portion P. • There is no difference in pressure between
• This constant oil flow can be set as desired by chamber Y and chamber Z, so spool (2) is
the diameter of the throttle and spring (1). moved to the right end by the force of spring (1),
and the area of opening at portion W becomes
the maximum.
2) When flow of oil is generated W → X → Y

• A difference in pressure between chamber Y
and chamber 4 is generated by the throttle and
becomes PY<PZ. The spool moves to the left
and the area of opening at portion W is reduced.
• The position of the spool (area of opening at
portion W) is determined by the position where
the force of spring (1) is balanced with differen-
tial pressure ∆P = PZ – PY.
• As a result, the flow from W → X → Y can be
controlled to an almost constant value, regard-
less of the pressure at portion P.
10-42 D31/37EX, PX-21

1. Valve 4. Poppet
2. Spring 5. Spring
3. Valve seat 6. Adjustment screw
Function
• The charge relief valve is installed inside the 3rd
speed valve. It prevents the pressure at the
HST main low-pressure side (charge pressure)
selected by the shuttle valve from going above
the set pressure. At the same time, it relieves
the determined oil flow inside the motor case
and prevents the motor from overheating.
• In addition, it discharges the dirtiest oil inside the
HST main circuit to the outside and acts to keep
the inside of the HST main circuit clean.
Operation
• Port A connects the pressure at the HST main
low-pressure side (charge circuit) selected by
the shuttle valve.
• In addition, ports B and D are connected to the
tank drain circuit through the HST motor case.
• The pressure oil passes through orifice g in
valve (1) and fills chamber C. Poppet (4) is fit-
ted tightly to valve seat (5).
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-43

• If abnormal pressure is generated inside the

circuit, and the oil pressure in port A and cham-
ber C rises to the pressure set by spring (5),
poppet (4) is pushed to the right, and the oil in
chamber C is relieved to port D, so the oil pres-
sure in chamber C goes down.
• When the oil pressure in chamber C goes down,

a difference in pressure between ports A and C
is generated by orifice g of valve (1).
• Valve (1) is pushed to the right by the oil pres-
sure at port A, and the oil at port A is relieved to
port B.
• As a result, the pressure in the charge circuit is
prevented from rising any further.
10-44 D31/37EX, PX-21

9. Actuation of parking brake
1) When parking brake valve is de-energized
• If the parking brake valve is de-energized, the

pressure oil of the control pump is shut off and
port B is connected to the tank.
• As a result, brake piston (2) is pushed down by
brake spring (1), disc (3) and plate (4) are
pushed together, and the brake is applied.
2) When parking brake valve is energized
• If the parking brake valve is energized, the valve

is switched, the pressure oil from the control
pump enters port B, and flows into brake cham-
ber A.
• The oil entering chamber A overcomes brake
spring (1) and pushes brake piston (2) up. As a
result, disc (3) and plate (4) separate, and the
brake is released.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-45

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD STEERING, DIRECTIONAL PPC VALVE
STEERING, DIRECTIONAL PPC VALVE

D31EX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50097 D37EX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5104
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50181 D37PX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5090
10-46 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-47

P: From control pump

T: To tank
POUT1: To HST pump flow control piston (R.H. FORWARD)

POUT2: To HST pump flow control piston (L.H. REVERSE)
POUT3: To HST pump flow control piston (L.H. FORWARD)
POUT4: To HST pump flow control piston (R.H. REVERSE)
Unit: mm
Installed Installed
Free length Installed Free
Centering spring load load
1 x OD length length
(for P1, P2) (N{kg}) (N{kg})
35.3 28.2
33.8 x 15.5 31.9 —
{3.60} {2.88}
Metering spring 9.7 7.7
2 26.65 x 8.1 25.6 — Replace spring
(for P1, P2) {0.99} {0.79}
if damaged or
Centering spring 51.5 41.3 deformed
3 50.05 x 15.5 31.9 —
(for P3, P4) {5.26} {4.21}
4 25.82 x 8.25 25.6 —
(for P3, P4) {0.24} {0.19}
49.0 39.2
5 Notch spring 26.96 x 13.2 24.5 —
{5.0} {4.0}
Disc brake 1195.6 956.5
6 1.55 x 20.0 1.28 —
spring {122.0} {97.6}
10-48 D31/37EX, PX-21

Operation
1. At Neutral
• Ports P1 and P2 of control valves A and B and

the PPC valve are connected to drain chamber
D through fine control hole f in spool (1).
2. During fine control (Neutral → fine control)
• When piston (4) is pushed by disc (5), retainer

(9) is pushed, and spool (1) is also pushed
through metering spring (2), and moves down.
• As a result, when fine control hole f is shut off
from drain chamber D, at almost the same time,
it connects with pump pressure chamber PP.
The pilot pressure oil o f the control pump
passes through fine control hole f and the shut-
tle valve, and goes from ports P1 and P3 to port
A (right) and port A (left).
• When the pressure at ports P1 and P3 becomes
high, spool (1) is pushed back. When fine con-
trol hole f is shut off from pump pressure cham-
ber PP, at almost the same time, it connects with
drain chamber D and releases the pressure at
ports P1 and P3.
• As a result, spool (1) moves up and down so
that the force of metering spring (2) is balanced
with the pressure at ports P1 and P3. The rela-
tion between the positions of spool (1) and body
position (fine control hole f is at the midpoint
between drain chamber D and pump pressure
chamber PP) does not change until retainer (9)
contacts spool (1).
• Therefore, metering spring (2) is compressed an
amount proportional to the movement of the
control lever, so the pressure at ports P1 and P3
also rises in proportion to the movement of the
control lever.
• The HST pump displacement control piston
moves to a position where the pressure in
chamber A (same as pressure at ports P1 and
P3) is balanced with the force of the return
spring.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-49

3. During fine control

(when control lever is returned)
• When disc (5) starts to be returned, spool (1) is

pushed up by the pressure at port P1 (P3) and
the force of centering spring (3).
• As a result, fine control hole f is connected to
drain chamber D, so the pressure oil at ports P1
and P3 is released.
• If the pressure at ports P1 and P3 goes down
too far, spool (1) is pushed down by metering
spring (2). Fine control hole f is shut off from
drain chamber D, and at almost the same time, it
is connected to pump pressure chamber PP.
Pump pressure is supplied until the pressure at
ports P1 and P3 recovers to a pressure equiva-
lent to the position of the lever.
• When the control valve spool returns, the oil at
drain chamber D flows in from fine control hole f'
in the valve on the side that is not moving. It
passes through ports P2 and P4, is taken to
chamber B, and the oil fills the chamber.
4. When lever is operated fully
• When disc (5) pushes down piston (4) and

retainer (9) pushes down spool (1), fine control
hole f is shut off from drain chamber D and is
connected to pump pressure chamber PP.
• Therefore, the pilot pressure oil from the control
pump passes through fine control hole f and the
shuttle valve, is taken from ports P1 and P3 to
chamber A, and pushes the HST pump dis-
placement control piston.
• The return oil from chamber B passes from
ports P2 and P4 through fine control hole f', and
then flows to drain chamber D.
10-50 D31/37EX, PX-21

5. When operated to FORWARD (REVERSE)

(characteristics of operating effort)
• When lever (12) is operated to FORWARD

(REVERSE), protrusion a of boss (15) contacts
pin (16) installed to piston (14) that is being held
by spring (13). (Operating effort characteristics
graph C)
• If lever (12) is operated further, protrusion a of
boss (15) pushes up piston (14) with pin (16)
installed. (Operating effort characteristics graph
A)
• The fine control lever is held by the disc brake
(11) over the whole range of movement of the
lever, so even if the lever is released, it will be
held at the desired position. (Operating effort
characteristics graph D)
• When the lever is operated to the end of its
stroke, pin (16) is pushed into concave portion b
of boss (15), so the lever is held at the full stroke
position. When returning the lever (12), it
pushes pin (16) up at concave portion b.
(Operating effort characteristics graph B)
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-51

D31EX-21 Serial No. 50098 and up D37EX-21 Serial No. 5105 and up
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50182 and up D37PX-21 Serial No. 5091 and up
★ Do not disassemble this valve. If it is disassembled, its output pressure characteristics and operating effort
characteristics need to be adjusted.
10-51-1 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
P: From control pump

T: To tank
POUT1: To HST pump flow control piston (R.H. FORWARD)

POUT2: To HST pump flow control piston (L.H. REVERSE)
POUT3: To HST pump flow control piston (L.H. FORWARD)
POUT4: To HST pump flow control piston (R.H. REVERSE)
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-51-2

(5)
1. Operating effort characteristics 2. Output pressure characteristics

1) Forward-Reverse travel operation 1) Forward-Reverse travel operation
• The control lever holds itself in the middle Q: Output port
range. Output
(Notches are felt at the neutral position and port
Operating Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4
lever stroke end.)
direction
1 N io Forward Q – Q –
2 N io Reverse – Q – Q
2) Steering operation
• Free return
(When a pivot turn is started, the operating
effort rises sharply.)
2) Steering operation
When the operation patterns are as shown in
the following table, the output ports have char-
acteristics A, B, and C shown below.
Output
port Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4
Operating
direction
3 Forward io Right B – C A
4 Forward io Left C A B –
5 Reverse io Right A C – B
6 Reverse io Left – B A C
10-51-3 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD AUTOMATIC GEARSHIFTING VALVE
AUTOMATIC GEARSHIFTING VALVE
1. Block PH: From HST pump load pressure circuit

2. Plug PIN: From 2nd speed signal electromagnetic valve
3. Piston POUT: To travel motor 3rd speed selector valve
4. Spool PT: To tank
5. Washer
6. Spring
7. Seat
8. Plug
9. Adjustment screw
10. Locknut
Function
• The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd travel speeds are set by • If the load pressure becomes smaller when trav-
operating the button in the operator's compart- eling in 1st speed, it makes the motor capacity
ment. This actuates the electromagnetic valve smaller and shifts up to 2nd speed.
and inputs a signal to the 3rd speed selector • In this way, the towing force from 1st speed to
valve built into the travel motor. (Manual opera- 2nd speed is effectively used, so the ease of
tion) operation is improved.
• Compared with this, when the load pressure of
the HST pump becomes high when traveling in
2nd speed, the automatic gearshifting valve
automatically increases the motor capacity and
shifts down to 1st speed.
10-52 D31/37EX, PX-21

Operation
No. Travel mode HST pump load pressure Automatic gearshifting valve control
2
1 When traveling in 2nd speed PH < 35.3 MPa {360 kg/cm } Holds 2nd speed
2 When traveling in 2nd speed PH † 35.3 MPa {360 kg/cm } 2
Shifts down to 1st
2
3 When traveling in 1st speed PH > 12.7 MPa {130 kg/cm } Holds 1st speed
4 When traveling in 1st speed PH z 12.7 MPa {130 kg/cm } 2
Shifts up to 2nd
1. When traveling in 2nd speed and PH < 35.3

MPa {360 kg/cm 2}
• The load pressure of the HST pump is received,

and the pushing force (F1) of piston (3) and the
pushing force (F2) of spring (6) through washer
(5) acts on spool (4).
• However, F1 < F2, so the charge pressure acts
on the 3rd speed selector valve of the travel
motor and holds the travel in 2nd speed.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-53

2. When traveling in 2nd speed and PH > 35.3

MPa {360 kg/cm2}
• F1 > F2, so the charge pressure does not act on

the 3rd speed selector valve of the travel motor,
and the motor shifts down to 1st speed.
• The difference between the shifting pressure of
35.3 MPa {360 kg/cm 2} when the transmission
shifts down 2nd → 1st and the shifting pressure
of 12.7 MPa {130 kg/cm 2} when the transmis-
sion shifts up 1st → 2nd is set by the difference
in area of piston (3).
10-54 D31/37EX, PX-21

3. When traveling in 1st speed and PH > 12.7

MPa {130 kg/cm 2}
• F1 > F2, so the charge pressure does not act on

the 3rd speed selector valve of the travel motor,
and the motor is held at 1st speed.
• The difference between the shifting pressure of
35.3 MPa {360 kg/cm 2} when the transmission
shifts down 2nd → 1st and the shifting pressure
of 12.7 MPa {130 kg/cm 2} when the transmis-
sion shifts up 1st → 2nd is set by the difference
in area of piston (3).
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-55

4. When traveling in 1st speed and PH < 12.7

MPa {130 kg/cm2}
• F1 < F2, so the charge pressure acts on the 3rd

speed selector valve of the travel motor, and the
motor is shifted up to 2nd speed.
Unit: mm
Free Installed Installed Free Installed Replace spring
7 Spring length length load length load if damaged or
142.1 N 135.2 N deformed
35.9 30 —
{14.5 kg} {13.8 kg}
10-56 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD INCHING VALVE
INCHING VALVE
1. Inching valve
2. Shaft
3. Center brake pedal
Function Operation
• Shaft (2) of inching valve (1) reduces the basic • Inching valve (1) is interconnected with center
pressure of the speed control valve (travel PPC brake pedal (3), and shaft (2) rotates. The basic
valve) according to the angle of rotation, and pressure of the travel PPC valve closes the pas-
controls the HST hydraulic braking force. sage from AS to PC and opens the passage
• When center brake pedal (3) is depressed, inch- from PC to T, so PC is gradually drained to the
ing valve (1) closes the passage from AS to PC tank. When the brake pedal is depressed fully,
and opens the passage from PC toT. the basic pressure of the travel PPC valve
closes the passage from AS to PC completely
and opens the passage from PC toT.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-57

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD FRAME ASSEMBLY
FRAME ASSEMBLY
★ The drawing shows the D31PX-21.
1. Engine mount
2. Frame assembly
3. Rear underguard
4. Front underguard
Outline
• A hull frame structure with the main frame, track
frame, and underguard forming one unit is used.
10-58 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD TRACK FRAME, RECOIL SPRING
TRACK FRAME, RECOIL SPRING

1. Idler 9. Recoil spring

2. Carrier roller 10. Cylinder
3. Track frame 11. Wear ring
4. Sprocket 12. U-packing
5. Track roller guard 13. Pilot
6. Track roller 14. Nut
7. Rod 15. Lubricator
8. Dust seal, oil seal 16. Bushing
10-60 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD TRACK FRAME, RECOIL SPRING
Unit: mm
Item Repair limit
Deformation Curvature 7 (for length of 3,000)
17 Correct
of track frame Twisting 3 (for length of 300)
Opening of idler portion 5
Free length Installed Installed Installed
Free length
18 Recoil spring x OD length load load Replace
71.5 kN 63.7 kN
465 x φ 161 375.6 454
{7,300 kg} {6,500 kg}
Standard Tolerance Standard Clearance
Clearance size clearance limit
Shaft Hole Replace
19 between rod
–0.030 +0.163 0.036 – bushing
and bushing φ 55 0.5
–0.076 +0.006 0.239
Outline
• Recoil spring (9) moves rod (7) to the front or
rear when grease is added or removed from
lubricator (15), and adjusts the track tension.
Recoil spring (9) also acts to absorb any sudden
shock applied to idler (1).
Grease : G2-LI
Filling amount of grease: 160 cc
• Track roller
Model Q'ty Flange type and arrangement

S, S, S, S, S
D31EX-21 5
(S, W, S, W, S)
D31PX-21
S, S, S, S, S, S
D37EX-21 6
(S, W, S, S, W, S)
D37PX-21
S : Single flange
W : Double flange
The arrangement inside ( ) indicates the arrange-
ment when the double flange roller (If equipped) is
installed.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-61

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD IDLER
IDLER
10-62 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD IDLER
Unit: mm
Outside diameter of Standard size Repair limit
1
protrusion φ 468 —
2 Outside diameter of tread φ 440 φ 424
Thickness of tread surface Rebuild or
3 17 10
(center of tread width) replace
4 Width of protrusion 52 —
5 Overall width 118 —
6 Width of tread 33 39
Clearance between idler size Shaft Hole clearance limit
7
shaft and bushing –0.250 +0.140 0.319 –
φ 50 1.5
–0.300 +0.069 0.440
Clearance between idler –0.250 +0.062 0.250 –
8 φ 49.7 —
shaft and support –0.300 0 0.362
Replace
Standard Tolerance Standard Interference
Interference between idler size Shaft Hole interference limit
9
and bushing +0.117 +0.040 0.047 –
φ 57 —
+0.087 0 0.117
Side clearance of idler Standard clearance Clearance limit
10
(both sides) 0.490 – 0.910 1.5
Clearance between guide Rebuild or
11 0.2 – 3.8 12.0
plate and support replace
Clearance between guide Adjust
12 0.5 3.0
plate and side plate shim or
Standard shim thickness at replace
13 5.0 plate
side plate mount portion
— Oil level 159 ± 10 cc (Engine oil: EO30-CD) —
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-63

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD TRACK ROLLER
TRACK ROLLER
SINGLE FLANGE TYPE
DOUBLE FLANGE TYPE
10-64 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD TRACK ROLLER
Unit: mm
Outside diameter of flange Standard size Repair limit
1
(outside) φ 198 —
Outside diameter of flange
2 φ 190 —
(inside) (Double flange)
Thickness of tread surface Rebuild or
4 56.5 49.5 replace
(center of tread width)
Single
34.5 40.5
flange
5 Width of tread
Double
35.5 41.5
flange
6 Width of flange 14 8
7 Overall width 151 — —
Clearance between shaft size Shaft Hole clearance limit
8
and bushing –0.250 +0.140 0.319 –
φ 50 1.5
–0.350 +0.069 0.440
Clearance between shaft –0.250 +0.062 0.250 –
9 φ 49.7 —
and collar –0.350 0 0.362
Replace
Interference between roller size Shaft Hole interference limit
10
and bushing +0.117 +0.040 0.047 –
φ 57 —
+0.087 0 0.117
Side clearance of track Standard clearance Clearance limit
11
roller (both sides) 0.290 – 0.710 1.5
— Oil level 150 cc (Gear oil: GO140) —
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-65

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CARRIER ROLLER
CARRIER ROLLER
Unit: mm
1 Outside diameter of flange
φ 162 —
Rebuild or
Thickness of tread surface replace
3 35.5 28.5
(center of tread width)
4 Width of tread 35 42
5 Width of flange 52 42
6 Overall width 124 — —
Clearance between shaft size Shaft Hole clearance limit
7
and bushing –0.080 +0.039 0.080 –
φ 40 1.0
–0.119 0 0.158
Interference between shaft size Shaft Hole interference limit
8 Replace
and seal guard +0.170 +0.025 0.115 –
φ 41.5 —
+0.140 0 0.170
Interference between roller +0.062 +0.030 0.002–
9 φ 52 —
and bushing +0.032 0 0.062
Side clearance of carrier Standard clearance Clearance limit
10
roller 0.580 – 0.700 1.5
Press-fitting force of seal 65.7 – 99.1 kN
11 Adjust
guard {6.7 – 10.1 ton}
— Oil level 200 – 220 cc (Gear oil: GO140B) —
10-66 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD SPROCKET
SPROCKET
Unit: mm
Standard size Tolerance Repair limit
1 Wear of diameter at root of tooth +1.0
φ 568.9 φ 556.9
–2.0
2 Wear of diameter at tip of tooth φ 628 ±2.0 φ 616 Rebuild or
3 Wear of width at tip of tooth 38 — 32 replace
4 Wear of width at root of tooth 47.5 ±1.5 42
+1.5
5 Thickness of root of tooth 56.95 50.95
–2.0
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-67

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD SPROCKET
DIMENSIONS OF SHAPE OF SPROCKET TOOTH (ACTUAL SIZE)
★ Make the dimensions of the scale the actual size and copy on to an OHP sheet.
10-68 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD TRACK SHOE
TRACK SHOE
q1. Single shoe

q2. Swamp shoe
★ Portion P shows the link at the side where the

bushing is press fitted.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-69

Unit: mm
1 Link pitch
154.3 157.3
Turn Turn or
Standard size
2 Outside diameter of bushing Light load Heavy load replace
50 41.6 44.5
3 Thickness of bushing 10.7 2.3 5.2
Standard size Repair limit Correct or
4 Height of link
87 80 replace
Thickness of link
5 23.5 16.5
(bushing press-fitting portion)
6 112.4 Replace
7 Shoe bolt pitch 82.4
8 57.0
9 Inside width 52.4
Correct or
10 Link Overall width 35.0
replace
11 Tread width 30.1
12 Protrusion of pin 4.0
13 Protrusion of regular bushing 2.75
14 Total length of pin 170 Adjust or
Total length of bushing replace
15 92.3
(master bushing)
16 Thickness of spacer 8.4
17 Bushing 19.6 – 49.0 kN {2 – 5 ton}
Press-fitting
18 Regular pin 78.4 – 117.6 kN {8 – 12 ton} —
q19
force
Master pin —
Items marked with q indicate dry type track.
10-70 D31/37EX, PX-21

Unit: mm
Tightening torque Tightening angle
a. Regular link (Nm {kgm}) (º)
265 ± 30 {27 ± 3} —
Shoe bolt Tightening torque Tightening angle Lower limit torque Tighten
20 (Nm {kgm}) (º) (Nm {kgm})
b. Master link
150 ± 40
180 ± 10 255 {26}
{15 ± 4}
D31EX : 38 D31PX : 40
No. of shoes (one side) —
D37EX : 41 D37PX : 41
Tolerance Standard
Standard size
Interference between Shaft Hole interference
21
bushing and link +0.287 +0.062
φ 47 0.185 – 0.287
+0.247 0
Interference between +0.150 –0.148
22 φ 28 0.148 – 0.350
regular pin and link 0 –0.200
Tolerance Standard
Standard size
Clearance between Shaft Hole clearance
23 Adjust or
regular pin and bushing +0.150 +0.830 replace
φ 28 0.180 – 0.830
0 +0.330
q
Tolerance Standard
Interference between Standard size
Shaft Hole interference
24 master pin and link
— — — —
q
Tolerance Standard
Clearance between Standard size
Shaft Hole clearance
25 master pin and bushing
— — — —
Items marked with q indicate dry type track.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-71

SINGLE SHOE
Unit:mm
1 Height of grouser
47 20 Rebuild or replace
2 Thickness of plate portion 56 29
SWAMP SHOE
Unit:mm
1 Height of grouser
74.5 62.5 Rebuild or replace
2 Thickness of grouser 17 5
10-72 D31/37EX, PX-21

ARRANGEMENT OF HYDRAULIC
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR WORK EQUIPMENT
ARRANGEMENT OF HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT FOR WORK

EQUIPMENT
1. Tilt cylinder 6. Shut-off valve

2. Angle cylinder 7. Hydraulic tank
3. Oil cooler 8. Oil filter
4. Lift cylinder 9. Control valve
5. Work equipment PPC valve 10. Hydraulic pump
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-73

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD WORK EQUIPMENT CONTROL
WORK EQUIPMENT CONTROL
10-74 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD WORK EQUIPMENT CONTROL
1. Safety lock lever

2. Work equipment PPC valve
3. Blade control lever
4. Shut-off valve
Outline
• Control of the work equipment is carried out
from blade control lever (3) through work equip-
ment PPC valve (2) to move the control valve
spool.
• When safety lock lever (1) is set to the LOCK
position, shut-off valve (4) is interconnected, so
blade control lever (3) moves but the work
equipment cannot be operated.
• When blade control lever (3) is at the FLOAT
position, the hydraulic detent of work equipment
PPC valve (2) is actuated and it is possible to
self hold blade control lever (3).
When safety lock lever (1) is set to the LOCK
position, the hydraulic detent is canceled, so
blade control lever (3) is restored to the HOLD
position.
• When the engine is stopped, even if blade con-
trol lever (3) is at the FLOAT position, the
hydraulic detent is not actuated, so blade control
lever (3) is restored to the HOLD position.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-75

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD HYDRAULIC TANK, FILTER
HYDRAULIC TANK, FILTER
1. Hydraulic tank 3. Hydraulic tank cap

2. Hydraulic filter 3A. Key cylinder
2A. Bracket 3B. Suction valve
2B. Safety valve 3C. Pressure valve
2C. Cartridge 4. Sight gauge
2D. Filter 5. Strainer
6. Drain plug
Specifications
Item Specified value

Hydraulic tank capacity 66.4 ¬
38.2 ± 14.7 kPa
Pressure valve cracking pressure
{0.39 ± 0.15 kg/cm2}
Hydraulic tank cap
0 – 4.51 kPa
Vacuum valve actuation pressure
{0 – 0.046 kg/cm 2}
103 ± 29.4 kPa
Cracking pressure
{1.05 ± 0.3 kg/cm2}
Hydraulic filter Filtering precision 10 µm
Filtering area 3,400 cm2
Filtering flow 86 ¬/min
10-76 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD HYDRAULIC PUMP
HYDRAULIC PUMP
SAR(2)040
Unit: mm
Standard clearance Clearance limit
1 Side clearance
0.100 – 0.150 0.190
Clearance between inside
2 diameter of plain bearing and 0.060 – 0.125 0.200
Replace
outside diameter of gear shaft
Standard size Tolerance Repair limit
3 Pin driving-in depth 0
12 —
–0.5
4 Spline shaft rotating torque 2.9 – 6.9 Nm {0.3 – 0.7 kgm}
Discharge Standard dis- Discharge
Discharge amount Speed
pressure charge amount amount limit —
— Oil: SAE10WCD (rpm)
(MPa {kg/cm2}) (¬/min) (¬/min)
Oil temperature: 45 – 55 ºC
3,000 20.6 {210} 111 103
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-77

(5)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD WORK EQUIPMENT CYLINDER
WORK EQUIPMENT CYLINDER

Lift cylinder
Tilt cylinder
Angle cylinder
10-78 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD WORK EQUIPMENT CYLINDER
Unit: mm
Name of Standard Tolerance Standard Clearance
cylinder size Shaft Hole clearance limit
–0.025 +0.132 0.031 –
Lift φ 40 0.519
Clearance between –0.087 +0.006 0.219
1
piston rod and bushing –0.025 +0.152 0.032 –
Tilt φ 45 0.539
–0.087 +0.007 0.239
–0.025 +0.132 0.031 –
Angle φ 40 0.519
–0.087 +0.006 0.219
–0.025 +0.142 0.105 –
Lift φ 45 1.0
–0.064 +0.080 0.206 Replace
Clearance between bushing
–0.025 +0.003 0.010 –
2 piston rod support Tilt φ 45 0.5
–0.064 –0.015 0.067
shaft and bushing
–0.025 +0.003 0.010 –
Angle φ 40 0.5
–0.087 –0.015 0.090
–0.025 +0.142 0.105 –
Lift φ 45 1.0
–0.064 +0.080 0.206
Clearance between
–0.025 +0.003 0.010 –
3 cylinder bottom support Tilt φ 45 0.5
–0.064 –0.015 0.067
shaft and bushing
–0.025 +0.003 0.010 –
Angle φ 40 0.5
–0.087 –0.015 0.090
Lift 637 ± 63.5 Nm {65 ± 6.5 kgm}
Tightening torque of
4 Tilt 677 ± 67.5 Nm {69 ± 6.9 kgm}
cylinder head
Angle 569 ± 57.0 Nm {58 ± 5.8 kgm}
Tighten
Lift 785 ± 78.5 kNm {80 ± 8 kgm} (Width across flats: 46 mm)
Tightening torque of
5 Tilt 1.08 ± 0.11 kNm {110 ± 11 kgm} (Width across flats: 50 mm)
cylinder piston lock nut
Angle 785 ± 78.5 kNm {80 ± 8 kgm} (Width across flats: 46 mm)
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-79

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CONTROL VALVE
CONTROL VALVE
Outline
• This external view diagram shows the ripper

valve.
★ The standard valve does not have the ripper

section.
P: Pump port
T: Tank port (to tank)
C: Cooler port (oil cooler)
A1: To lift cylinder head

B1: To lift cylinder bottom
A2: To tilt cylinder bottom
B2: To tilt cylinder head
A3: Angle cylinder
B3: Angle cylinder
A4: To ripper cylinder bottom
B4: To ripper cylinder head
10-80 D31/37EX, PX-21

(1/5)
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-81

(2/5)
1. Main relief valve 7. Suction valve (angle)

2. Suction valve (lift bottom) 8. Spool (lift)
3. Suction valve (angle) 9. Spool (tilt)
4. Suction valve (ripper head) 10. Spool (angle)
5. Safety valve 11. Spool (ripper)
6. Suction valve (ripper bottom)
10-82 D31/37EX, PX-21

Unit: mm
Installed Installed
load load
12 Spool return spring (lift RAISE) x OD length length
(N{kg}) (N{kg})
34.0 26.9
19.34 x 17.2 18.57 —
{3.43} {2.74}
34.0 26.9 Replace
13 Spool return spring (lift RAISE) 11.28 x 12.6 8.73 —
{3.43} {2.74} spring if
55.9 44.7 damaged or
14 Spool return spring (tilt) 32.0 x 17.4 28.5 — deformed
{5.7} {4.56}
24.5 19.6
15 Spool return spring (angle, ripper) 29.3 x 17.6 28.5 —
{2.5} {2.0}
13.7 11.0
16 Spool return spring (lift LOWER) 17.05 x 17.2 16.5 —
{1.4} {1.12}
188.8 151.0
17 Spool return spring (lift FLOAT) 40.73 x 17.4 28.5 —
{19.25} {15.4}
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-83

(3/5)
1. Unload valve 7. Pressure compensation valve R (angle)

2. Pressure compensation valve F (lift) 8. Pressure compensation valve R (tilt)
3. Pressure compensation valve F (tilt) 9. Pressure compensation valve R (lift)
4. Pressure compensation valve F (angle) 10. LS selector piston
5. Pressure compensation valve F (ripper) 11. Cooler bypass valve
6. Pressure compensation valve R (ripper)
★ The F and R in the above list indicate the follow-

ing valves.
F: Flow control valve
R: Pressure reducing valve
10-84 D31/37EX, PX-21

Unit: mm
Installed Installed
Pressure compensation valve spring load load
12 x OD length length
(flow control valve end) (N{kg}) (N{kg})
7.45 5.96
15.4 x 6.0 8.0 —
{0.76} {0.61} Replace
Pressure compensation valve spring 6.86 5.49 spring if
13 23.0 x 8.4 15.0 —
(reducing pressure valve end) {0.7} {0.56} damaged or
70.6 56.49 deformed
14 Unload valve spring 37.6 x 18.0 18.0 —
{7.2} {5.76}
3.43 2.75
15 LS selector piston spring 18.72 x 9.3 16.0 —
{0.35} {0.28}
98.1 78.5
16 Cooler bypass valve spring 43.8 x 13.2 29.0 —
{10.0} {8.0}
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-85

(4/5)
1. Cooler bypass valve 7. Suction valve (lift)

2. Unload valve 8. Pressure compensation valve R (lift)
3. Main relief valve 9. Pressure compensation valve F (tilt)
4. LS selector piston 10. Spool (tilt)
5. Pressure compensation valve F (lift) 11. Pressure compensation valve R (tilt)
6. Spool (lift)
★ The F and R in the above list indicate the follow-

ing valves.
F: Flow control valve
R: Pressure reducing valve
10-86 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5/5)
1. Pressure compensation valve F (angle) 7. Spool (ripper)

2. Spool (angle) 8. Suction valve
3. Suction valve 9. Suction valve
4. Suction valve 10. Pressure compensation valve R (ripper)
5. Pressure compensation valve R (angle) 11. Safety valve
6. Pressure compensation valve F (ripper) 12. Pressure bleed plug
★ The F and R in the above list indicate the following valves.

F: Flow control valve, R: Pressure reducing valve
Unit: mm
Standard size Repair limit Replace
Check valve spring Free length Installed Installed load Free Installed load spring if
13
(angle, ripper) x OD length (N{kg}) length (N{kg}) damaged or
21.9 x 5.0 15.8 1.96 {0.2} — 1.57 {0.16} deformed
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-87

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CLSS
CLSS
1. Outline of CLSS
Features
CLSS stands for Closed center Load Sensing Sys-
tem, and has the following features.
• Fine control not influenced by load

• Control enabling digging even with fine control
• Ease of compound operation ensured by flow
divider function using area of opening of spool
during compound operations
Structure
• The CLSS consists of a gear pump, control
valve, and the actuators.
10-88 D31/37EX, PX-21

2. Basic principle
1) Unload valve flow control
• The unload valve controls the LS differential

pressure, which is the difference between pump
discharge pressure PP and control valve outlet
port LS pressure PLS (actuator load pressure),
so that ∆PLS becomes constant. (LS differential
pressure ∆PLS = pump discharge pressure PP
– LS pressure PLS)
• If the LS differential pressure becomes lower
than the set pressure, the unload valve reduces
the flow of the drain oil to the circuit. When the
pressure becomes higher than the set pressure,
it increases the flow.
★ For details of the operation, see the section on

the unload valve.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-89

2) Pressure compensation control
• A pressure compensation valve to balance the

load is installed at the inlet port side of the con-
trol valve spool. When more than one actuator
is used in compound operations, this valve
makes the pressure difference ∆P the same
between the upstream flow (inlet port) of each
spool notch and the downstream flow (outlet
port).
• In this way, the oil flow from the pump is divided
in proportion to the areas of opening S1 and S2
of each valve that is operated.
10-90 D31/37EX, PX-21

3. Functions and operation of each valve
1) Names of hydraulic circuits and valves
1. Unload valve 6. Check valve

2. Safety valve 7. Cooler bypass valve
(set pressure: 23.5 MPa {240 kg/cm 2}) (cracking pressure: 0.5 MPa {5 kg/cm 2})
3. Pressure compensation valve 8. Lift spool
4. Suction valve 9. Tilt spool
5. Main relief valve 10. Angle spool
(set pressure: 20.6 MPa {210 kg/cm 2}) 11. Ripper spool
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-91

2) Unload valve
• In the case of a fixed pump system, the unload

valve has functions including those of of variable
pump and LS valve.
i) When control valve is at HOLD
Function
• When the control valve is at HOLD, pump dis-
charge amount Q is all relieved to the tank cir-
cuit. This reduces the pressure loss from the
pump to the tank.
Operation
• At the left end of spool (1), pump pressure PP2
( PP1) is acting on area S1, and at the right end
of spool (1), pump pressure PP3 and the force
of spring (2) are acting on area S2. In addition,
LS pressure PLS is acting on area S3.
• When the control valve is at HOLD, LS pressure
PLS is not generated. Piston (3) is set at the left
position by spring (4), pressure PP3 is con-
nected to TS, and becomes much lower than
pump pressure PP1.
• Therefore, pump pressure PP2 ( PP1) is set
only by the force of spring (2) to a maximum of
0.53 MPa {5.4 kg/cm 2}.
10-92 D31/37EX, PX-21

ii) Control valve operated
Function
• When the control valve is operated, an amount
of oil corresponding to the opening of the spool
flows to the actuator.
• When the control valve is operated, pump dis-
charge pressure PP1 is set to LS pressure PLS
+ 1.5 MPa {15 kg/cm 2}.
Operation
• The operation is the same regardless of whether
the control valve is being fully operated or used
for fine control.
• When more than one actuator is used that the
same time, and the condition becomes pump
discharge < actuator demand, spool (1) moves
further to the left to the end of the stroke.
• As a result, pump circuits PP1 and PP2 and
tank circuit T are shut off, and all the pump dis-
charge amount flows to the actuators.
• When the control valve is operated fully, LS
pressure PLS is generated and acts on area S1
at the left end of piston (3) and area S3 at the
right end of spool (1).
• When LS pressure PLS reaches 0.07 MPa {0.7
kg/cm2}, piston (3) overcomes the force of spring
(4) and moves fully to the right.
• As a result, the connection between the spring
chamber of spring (2) and port TS is cut off and
the condition becomes PP1 = PP2.
• S pool (1) m oves to the left so that the difference
in pressure betw een pum p pressure PP1 and LS
pressure PLS becom es 1.5 M P a {15 kg/cm 2 }.
• In addition, when the control valve is at neutral,
the oil being drained to the circuit T all flows to
the actuators.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-93

3) Work equipment operated
i) When lift is operated to LOWER
• When the lift is operated to LOWER, spool (1)

moves to the right from the HOLD position, and
the oil from the pump enters bridge circuit C,
passes through cylinder port B, and enters the
cylinder bottom.
• When this happens, the oil at the cylinder head
passes through cylinder port A and is drained.
ii) When lift is operated to FLOAT
• When the lift is operated to FLOAT, spool (1)

moves further to the right. The oil from the
pump does not enter bridge circuit C.
• The oil at cylinder port B is connected to the
drain circuit through bridge circuit C, opening a,
and cylinder port A.
10-94 D31/37EX, PX-21

4) LS bypass plug
PP: Pump circuit

PLS: LS circuit
TS: Seal drain circuit
A: To each valve
Function
• It releases the residual pressure of LS pressure
PLS.
• It makes the speed of the rise in pressure of LS
pressure PLS more gentle. In addition, with this
discarded throttled flow, it creates a pressure
loss in the throttled flow of the spool or shuttle
valve, and increases the stability by lowering
the effective LS differential pressure.
Operation
• The pressurized oil for LS circuit PLS passes
from clearance filter a (formed by the clearance
between LS bypass plug (1) and the valve body)
through orifice b and flows to seal drain circuit
TS.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-95

5) Introduction of LS pressure
For lift, tilt, angle, ripper valve
Function • Actuator circuit pressure PA (=A) acts on the left

• The LS pressure is the actuator load pressure at end of pressure reducing valve (3); the reduced
the outlet port end of the control valve. pump discharge pressure PP acts on the other
• It actually reduces pump pressure PP at pres- end.
sure reducing valve (3) of the pressure compen- • As a result, pressure reducing valve (3) is bal-
sation valve to the same pressure as actuation anced at a position where actuator circuit pres-
circuit pressure A, and sends it to the LS circuit sure PA and the pressure of spring chamber
PLS. PLS1 are the same. Pump discharge pressure
PP is reduced at notch C, becomes actuator cir-
Operation cuit pressure A, and is taken to LS circuit PLS.
• When spool (1) is operated, pump discharge
pressure PP flows from flow control valve (2)
and notch a in spool (1) through bridge passage
b to actuator circuit A.
• At the same time, pressure reducing valve (3)
also moves to the right, so pump pressure PP
has its pressure reduced by the pressure loss at
notch C. It is introduced to LS circuit PLS, and
then goes to spring chamber PLS1.
• When this happens, LS circuit PLS is connected
to tank circuit TS from LS bypass plug (4). (See
the section on the LS bypass plug).
10-96 D31/37EX, PX-21

6) Pressure compensation valve
Function
• During compound operations, if the load pres-
sure becomes lower than the other actuator and
the oil flow tries to increase, compensation is
received. (When this happens, the other actua-
tor being used for compound operation (right
side) is at a higher load than the actuator on
this side (left side).)
Operation
• If the load pressure of the other actuator (right • Flow control valve (2) and pressure reducing
side) becomes higher during compound opera- valve (1) are balanced in position where the dif-
tions, the oil flow in actuator circuit A on this side ference in pressure between PLS and PA acting
(left side) tries to increase. on both ends of pressure reducing valve (2) and
• If this happens, the LS pressure PLS of the the pressure loss between PP and PPA on both
other actuator acts on spring chamber PLS1, sides of flow control valve (2) are the same.
and pressure reducing valve (1) and flow control • In this way, the pressure difference between
valve (2) are pushed to the left. upstream pressure PPA and downstream pres-
• Flow control valve (2) throttles the area of open- sure PA of both spools used during compound
in g b e t w e e n p u m p c i r c u i t P P a n d s p o o l operations is the same, so the pump flow is
upstream PPA, and pressure loss is generated divided in proportion to the area of opening of
between PP and PPA. notch a of each spool.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-97

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD WORK EQUIPMENT PPC VALVE
WORK EQUIPMENT PPC VALVE

For blade lift, tilt, angle
10-98 D31/37EX, PX-21

D31/37EX, PX-21 10-99

1. Spool P: From control pump

2. Metering spring T: To hydraulic tank
3. Centering spring P1: To blade tilt valve (left tilt)
4. Piston P2: To blade tilt valve (right tilt)
5. Disc P3: To blade lift valve (RAISE)
6. Cap (for connecting lever) P4: To blade lift valve (LOWER)
7. Joint P5: To blade angle valve (right angle)
8. Plate P6: To blade angle valve (left angle)
9. Retainer
10. Body
Unit: mm
Free length x Installed Installed load Installed load
Centering spring Free length
11 OD length (N{kg}) (N{kg})
(for port P1, P2)
80.8 64.6
50.05 x 15.5 31.9 —
{8.24} {6.59}
12 26.8 x 8.15 24.6 —
(for port P1, P2) {1.7} {1.4}
Centering spring 62.8 50.0
13 50.35 x 15.5 31.9 —
(for port P3) {6.4} {5.1}
14 26.53 x 8.15 24.6 — Replace
(for port P3) {0.92} {0.73}
spring if
Centering spring 137.4 109.9 damaged or
15 52.06 x 15.5 31.6 —
(for port P4) {14.0} {11.2} deformed
16 26.0 x 8.15 24.9 —
(for port P4) {0.92} {0.74}
Detent spring 159.3 127.5
17 20.39 x 19.5 13.0 —
(for port P4) {16.25} {13.0}
Detent spring 38.44 30.79
18 45.36 x 7.5 26.0 —
(for port P3) {3.92} {3.14}
Centering spring 19.6 15.7
19 33.42 x 15.5 23.2 —
(for port P5, P6) {2.0} {1.6}
20 21.5 x 8.15 20.7 —
(for P5, P6) {1.6} {1.28}
10-100 D31/37EX, PX-21

Operation
1. At Neutral
1) For blade lift
• Ports PA and PB of the blade lift control valve

and ports P3 and P4 of the PPC valve are con-
nected to drain chamber D through fine control
hole f of spool (1).
2) For blade tilt
• Ports PA and PB of the blade tilt control valve

and ports P1 and P2 of the PPC valve are con-
nected to drain chamber D through fine control
hole f of spool (1).
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-101

3) For blade angle
• Ports PA and PB of the blade angle control

valve and ports P5 and P6 of the PPC valve are
connected to drain chamber D through fine con-
trol hole f of spool (1).
2. During fine control (Neutral → fine control)
• When piston (4) is pushed by disc (5), retainer

(9) is pushed, and spool (1) is also pushed
through metering spring (2), and moves down.
• As a result, if fine control hole f is shut off from
drain chamber D, at almost the same time, it is
connected with pump pressure chamber PP,
and the pilot pressure oil from the control pump
passes through fine control hole f and flows
from port P4 to port PB.
• When the pressure at port P4 becomes high, if
spool (1) is pushed back and fine control hole f
is shut off from pump pressure chamber PP, at
almost the same time, it is connected with drain
chamber D and releases the pressure at port
P4.
• As a result, spool (1) moves up and down so
that the force of metering spring (2) is balanced
with the pressure at port P4 . The relation
between the positions of spool (1) and body (10)
(fine control hole f is at the midpoint between
drain chamber D and pump pressure chamber
PP) does not change until retainer (9) contacts
spool (1).
• Therefore, metering spring (2) is compressed an
amount proportional to the movement of the
control lever, so the pressure at port P4 also
rises in proportion to the movement of the con-
trol lever.
• The control valve spool moves to a position
where the pressure in chamber PB (same as
pressure at port P4) is balanced with the force of
the return spring.
10-102 D31/37EX, PX-21

3. During fine control

(when control lever is returned)
• When disc (5) starts to be returned, spool (1) is

pushed up by the pressure at port P4 and the
force of centering spring (3).
• As a result, fine control hole f is connected to
drain chamber D, so the pressure oil at port P4
is relieved.
• If the pressure at port P4 goes down too far,
spool (1) is pushed down by metering spring (2).
Fine control hole f is shut off from drain chamber
D, and at almost the same time, it is connected
to pump pressure chamber PP. Pump pressure
is supplied until the pressure at port P4 recov-
ers to a pressure equivalent to the position of
the lever.
• When the control valve spool returns, the oil at
drain chamber D flows in from fine control hole f'
in the valve on the side that is not moving. It
passes through port P3, is taken to chamber PA,
and the oil fills the chamber.
4. When lever is operated fully
• When disc (5) pushes down piston (4) and

retainer (9) pushes down spool (1), fine control
hole f is shut off from drain chamber D and is
connected to pump pressure chamber PP.
• Therefore, the pilot pressure oil from the control
pump passes through fine control hole f, is
taken from port P4 to chamber PB, and pushes
the control valve spool.
• The return oil from chamber PA passes from
port P3 through fine control hole f', and then
flows to drain chamber D.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-103

5. When blade is operated to FLOAT
• When piston (4) at the port P4 LOWER side is

pushed by disc (5) and moves down, ball (11)
contacts protrusion a of the piston during the
stroke. (Detent starts to act.)
• When piston (4) pushed in further, ball (11)
pushes up collar (12), which is being held by
detent spring (13). While pushing up collar (12),
it escapes to the outside and passes over pro-
trusion a of the piston.
• When this happens, piston (4') on the opposite
side is pushed up by spring (14).
• As a result, the oil inside chamber F passes
through b and c, and flows to chamber E, and
piston (4') follows disc (5). Passage d is con-
nected to port P4, so more or less the same
pressure is applied as is applied to port P4.
• Chamber E is normally connected to drain
chamber D, but if ball (11) passes over protru-
sion a of the piston, passage d and chamber E,
which were shut off, are connected and the
pressure oil flows.
• At the same time, the control valve also moves
to the FLOAT position and the circuit is set to the
FLOAT condition.
• Piston (4') is being pushed up by the oil pres-
sure inside chamber E, so even if the lever is
released, it is held at the FLOAT position.
6. When blade is released from FLOAT
• When disc (5) is returned from the FLOAT posi-

tion, it is pushed down by a force greater than
the hydraulic force in chamber E.
• As a result, chamber E is shut off from passage
d and is con necte d to the d rain cha mb er.
Therefore, the oil pressure inside chamber E is
lost, and the FLOAT position is canceled.
10-104 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD WORK EQUIPMENT
WORK EQUIPMENT
WORK EQUIPMENT
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-105

10-106 D31/37EX, PX-21

Unit: mm
Clearance between frame connecting size Shaft Hole clearance limit
1
pin and bushing +0.174 0.130 –
1.2
–0.030 +0.100 0.250
φ 60
Clearance between frame connecting –0.076 +0.300 0.130 –
2 1.0
pin and frame bracket +0.100 0.376
Clearance between lift cylinder bottom +0.142 0.105 –
3 1.0
pin and bushing –0.025 +0.080 0.206
φ 45
Clearance between lift cylinder bottom –0.064 +0.039 0.025 –
4 1.0
pin and frame bracket 0 0.103
Clearance between lift cylinder head +0.142 0.105 –
5 1.0
pin and bushing –0.025 +0.080 0.206
φ 45
Clearance between lift cylinder head –0.064 +0.400 0.125 –
6 1.0
Clearance between angle cylinder +0.003 0.010 –
7 0.5
bottom pin and bushing –0.025 –0.015 0.067
φ 40
Clearance between angle cylinder –0.087 +0.400 0.125 –
8 1.0
bottom pin and frame bracket +0.100 0.487
Replace
Clearance between angle cylinder +0.003 0.010 –
9 0.5
head pin and bushing –0.025 +0.015 0.090
φ 40
Clearance between angle cylinder –0.087 +0.400 0.125 –
10 1.0
head pin and blade bracket +0.100 0.487
Clearance between tilt cylinder bottom +0.003 0.010 –
11 0.5
pin and bushing –0.025 –0.015 0.067
φ 45
Clearance between tilt cylinder bottom –0.064 +0.400 0.125 –
12 1.0
Clearance between tilt cylinder head +0.003 0.010 –
13 0.5
pin and bushing –0.025 –0.015 0.067
φ 45
Clearance between tilt cylinder head –0.064 +0.400 0.125 –
14 1.0
pin and blade bracket +0.100 0.464
Clearance between pitching rod pin +0.039 0.025 –
15 0.5
and bushing –0.025 0 0.103
φ 40
Clearance between pitching rod pin –0.064 +0.300 0.125 –
16 1.0
and frame bracket +0.100 0.364
Clearance between blade spherical –0.250 +1.500 0.250 –
17 S φ 70 —
portion and pitching rod cap –0.750 0 2.250
Clearance between blade center
18 S φ 110 — — 0.5 —
spherical portion and frame cap Adjust
Standard shim thickness at blade shim
19 8.0
center spherical portion and frame cap
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-107

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CUTTING EDGE, END BIT
CUTTING EDGE, END BIT
Unit: mm
1 Height of cutting edge
160 110
2 Height of end bit 160 110
D31EX 380 — Replace
D31PX 380 —
3 Width of end pit
D37EX 370 —
D37PX 405 —
10-108 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD CAB RELATED
CAB RELATED
AIR CONDITIONER PIPING
1. Compressor A: Fresh air intake port

2. Hot water pick-up piping B: Recirculated air circulation port
3. Hot water return piping C: Hot air/cold air vent
4. Receiver tank
5. Air conditioner unit
6. Condenser
7. Refrigerant piping
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-109

SAFETY MECHANISM WHEN
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD STARTING ENGINE
SAFETY MECHANISM WHEN STARTING ENGINE

For parking brake lever
1. Battery Function
2. Battery relay • Neutral safety, parking brake limit switch (5) is
3. Starting switch linked to parking brake lever (6), so if parking
4. Fuse box brake lever (6) is not set to the LOCK position,
5. Neutral safety, parking brake limit switch the starting circuit is not switched ON and the
6. Parking brake lever engine cannot be started.
7. Neutral safety, parking brake relay • When parking brake lever (6) is set to the LOCK
8. Safety relay position, the steering, direction, and speed lever
9. Starting motor is automatically returned to the Neutral position.
10. Engine stop solenoid
10-110 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD GEARSHIFT CONTROL SYSTEM
GEARSHIFT CONTROL SYSTEM
1. Battery Function
2. Battery relay • Each time shift UP switch (5) on the steering,
3. Fuse box direction, and speed lever is pressed, the trans-
4. Shift controller mission shifts up 1st → 2nd → 3rd; each time
5. Shift UP switch shift DOWN switch (6) is pressed, the transmis-
6. Shift DOWN switch sion shifts down 3rd → 2nd → 1st. The speed
7. Monitor panel range display lamp on monitor panel (7) lights
8. 2nd speed selector solenoid valve up according to the transmission speed.
9. 3rd speed selector solenoid valve (When the starting switch is turned ON, it auto-
10. L.H. HST motor matically displays 1st.)
11. R.H. HST motor • If any abnormality occurs in the shift signal
12. Engine (short circuit in wiring, etc.), the existing speed
13. Charge pump range is held. If there is an abnormal drop in the
voltage of the power supply (less than 16 – 18
V), the speed range is held in 1st.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-111

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD PARKING BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM
PARKING BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM
1. Battery Function
2. Battery relay • Neutral safety, parking brake limit switch (4) is
3. Fuse box interconnected with parking brake lever (5). If
4. Neutral safety, parking brake limit switch parking brake lever (5) is not set to the FREE
5. Parking brake lever position, parking brake (9) is not released, and
6. Center brake limit switch the machine cannot travel.
7. Brake pedal • Center brake limit switch (6) is interconnected
8. Parking brake solenoid valve with brake pedal (7). If brake pedal (7) is
9. Parking brake depressed fully, parking brake (9) is applied.
10. Engine
11. Charge pump
10-112 D31/37EX, PX-21

(5)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD COMPONENT EQUIPMENT OF SYSTEM
COMPONENT EQUIPMENT OF SYSTEM

SHIFT CONTROLLER
1. Controller
2. Connector
Input/output signals
AMP040-16P [CN-41]
Input/output
Pin No. Signal Name
signal
1 Power source (24 V) —
2 GND —
3 Shift UP switch N. O. Input
4 Shift UP switch N. C. Input
5 Shift DOWN switch N. O. Input
6 Shift DOWN switch N. C. Input
7 Shift switch power source (12 V) —
8 Speed range display lamp (1st) Output
9 Speed range display lamp (2nd) Output
10 Speed range display lamp (3rd) Output
11 2nd speed selector solenoid valve Output
12 2nd speed selector solenoid valve Output
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-113

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD COMPONENT EQUIPMENT OF SYSTEM
SAFETY RELAY
1. Relay body
S: To starting switch terminal C

R: To alternator terminal R
B: To starting motor terminal B
C: To starting motor terminal C
E: Ground
2ND SELECTOR SOLENOID VALVE

3RD SELECTOR SOLENOID VALVE
PARKING BRAKE SOLENOID VALVE
★ See section on solenoid valve.
MONITOR PANEL
★ See section on monitor system.
10-114 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD MONITOR SYSTEM
MONITOR SYSTEM
• The monitor system is a system to inform the

operator of the condition of the machine. There
are sensors installed to various parts of the
machine to observe the machine condition. This
data is swiftly processed and displayed on the
panel to inform the operator.
• The content of the panel displays can be broadly
divided into the following.
1. Monitor portion that issues a warning when
there is any abnormality on the machine
2. Gauges that always display the condition of
the machine (coolant temperature, HST oil
temperature, fuel level)
• The monitor system consists of the monitor
panel, sensors, and power supply.
The monitor panel and sensors are connected
by wiring harnesses. The power supply for the
monitor panel is taken from the battery.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-115

MONITOR PANEL
Outline
• The monitor panel consists of the monitor portion that issues a warning when there is any abnormality in the
machine, the gauges that always display the condition of the machine, and the service meter.
• Inside the monitor, there is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). This processes the data and outputs or dis-
plays the result.
• Lamps are used for the monitor display.
• Analog meters with indicators are used for the gauge display.
Input/output signal
AMP040-16P [CN-41] CN (A) -2P [CN-40]

Input/output Input/output
Pin No. Signal Name Pin No. Signal Name
signal signal
1 Power source (24 V) — 25 GND —
2 — — 26 Alternator generator signal Input
3 GND —
4 Night lighting Input DT-4P [CN-42]
5 — — Input/output
Pin No. Signal Name
6 — — signal
7 Pre-heating Input 27 Travel speed signal (1st) Input
8 Fuel level Input 28 Travel speed signal (2nd) Input
9 HST oil temperature Input 29 Travel speed signal (3rd) Input
10 Charge filter clogging Input 30 GND —
11 Engine oil pressure Input
12 Charge level Input
13 — —
14 — —
15 — —
16 Coolant temperature Input
10-116 D31/37EX, PX-21

Operation
Display Display Display

No. Display range Display method Remarks
category item color
Counts hours when engine is running Displays time
1 Service meter 0 – 99999.9 h —
(when alternator is generating electricity) in hours
Service meter When service meter is
2 Flashes when service meter is working Green Lamp
indicator working
Analog meter
3 Gauge Fuel level See diagram on right See diagram on right (Details of gauges) —
with indicator
4 1st When in 1st Lights up when transmission is in 1st
5 Indicator 2nd When in 2nd Lights up when transmission is in 2nd Green Lamp
6 3rd When in 3rd Lights up when transmission is in 3rd
Coolant
7 See diagram on right See diagram on right (Details of gauges)
temperature Analog meter
Gauge —
HST oil with indicator
8 See diagram on right See diagram on right (Details of gauges)
temperature
When above specified
Charge filter
9 pressure Always lights up when starting switch is
clogging
200 kPa {2.0 kg/cm2} turned ON, goes out when engine starts
Display:
When below specified
Engine oil When normal: OFF
10 Caution pressure Red
pressure When abnormal: Lights up
49 kPa {0.5 kg/cm2}
Lamp
When there is problem (Charge filter clogging lights up only
Battery
11 with charging (charge when engine is running.)
charge
voltage < battery voltage)
Lights up when starting switch is at
12 Pilot Preheating When preheating HEAT, goes out after engine starts to Green
display completion of preheating
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-117

(7)
DETAILS OF GAUGES
10-118 D31/37EX, PX-21

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD SENSORS
SENSORS
• The signals from the sensors are input directly to the panel.
• There are two types of sensors: contact type and resistance type.
• The contact type sensors always have one side connected to the chassis ground.
Category of display Type of sensor Method of sensor When normal When abnormal
Engine oil pressure Contact OFF (open) ON (closed)
Caution
Charge filter clogging Contact OFF (open) ON (closed)
Coolant temperature Resistance — —
Gauges HST oil temperature Resistance — —
Fuel level Resistance — —
ENGINE OIL PRESSURE SENSOR
1. Plug Function
2. Contact ring • The engine oil pressure sensor is installed to the
3. Contact engine cylinder block. Diaphragm (4) detects
4. Diaphragm the oil pressure, and if it goes below the speci-
5. Spring fied pressure, the switch is turned ON, the relay
6. Terminal is actuated, the output is turned OFF, and the
caution lamp lights up.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-119

CHARGE FILTER CLOGGING SENSOR
1. Internal ring Function

2. Contact • The charge filter clogging sensor is installed to
3. Spring the charge pump oil filter. Contact (2) detects
4. Body the oil pressure, and if it goes above the speci-
5. Terminal fied pressure, the switch is turned ON, the out-
put signal is sent to the monitor panel, and the
caution lamp lights up.
COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

HST OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR
1. Connector Function
2. Plug • These sensors are installed to the engine cylin-
3. Thermistor der block and pump suction pipe. Any change
in temperature is detected as a change in the
resistance of thermistor (3), and the signal is
sent to the monitor panel to display the tempera-
ture.
10-120 D31/37EX, PX-21

FUEL LEVEL SENSOR
1. Float Function
2. Arm • The fuel level sensor is installed to the fuel tank,
3. Connector and the float (1) moves up and down according
4. Variable resistance to the amount of fuel remaining in the tank. The
5. Contact movement of float (1) actuates variable resistor
6. Body (4) through arm (2), and the signal is sent to
the monitor panel to display the fuel level.
D31/37EX, PX-21 10-121

20 TESTING AND ADJUSTING
STANDARD VALUE TABLE

STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ENGINE ........................................................................................20-2
STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR CHASSIS ......................................................................................20-4
STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ................................................................20-9
TESTING AND ADJUSTING .................................................................................................................20-101
TROUBLESHOOTING ..........................................................................................................................20-201
★ Note the following when making judgements using the standard value tables for testing, adjusting, or trou-
bleshooting.
1. The standard value for a new machine given in the table is the value used when shipping the machine from
the factory and is given for reference. It is used as a guideline for judging the progress of wear after the
machine has been operated, and as a reference value when carrying out repairs.
2. The service limit value given in the tables is the estimated value for the shipped machine based on the
results of various tests. It is used for reference together with the state of repair and the history of operation
to judge if there is a failure.
3. These standard values are not the standards used in dealing with claims.
k When carrying out testing, adjusting, or troubleshooting, park the machine on level ground, insert the safety
pins, and use blocks to prevent the machine from moving.
k When carrying out work together with other workers, always use signals and do not let unauthorized people
near the machine.
k When checking the water level, always wait for the water to cool down. If the radiator cap is removed when
the water is still hot, the water will spurt out and cause burns.
k Be careful not to get caught in the fan, fan belt or other rotating parts.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-1
TESTING AND ADJUSTING STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ENGINE
STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ENGINE

D31EX-21, D31PX-21
Applicable machine model D31EX-21, D31PX-21
D31EX-21:50001 and up
Machine serial No.
D31PX-21:50001 and up
Engine SAA4D102E-2
Cate- Standard Permissible

Item Condition Unit
gory value value
Engine speed High idling 2,200±50 2,200±50
Low idling rpm 800± 50 800± 50

0 0
Rated speed 2,000 2,000
Boost pressure HST relief + work equipment relief kPa Min. 97 87

{mmHg} {Min. 730} {650}
Exhaust gas temperature Whole speed range

ºC Max. 650 700
(Atmospheric temp.:20ºC)
Exhaust gas color At sudden acceleration Bosch Max. 4.5 6.5
At high idling scale Max. 1.0 2.0
Valve clearance Intake valve 0.25 —

(Normal temperature) mm
Exhaust valve 0.51 —
Engine related
Compression pressure Oil temperature:40–60ºC

MPa Min. 2.41 1.69
(SAE30 or SAE15W-40 (Engine speed:320–360rpm)
{kg/cm2} {24.6} {17.2}
oil)
Blow-by pressure (SAE30 (Water temp:operating range) Pa Max. 490 980

or SAE15W-40 oil) At rated output {mmH2O} {50} {100}
Oil pressure (Water temp:operating range) At high MPa 0.34–0.69 0.25

idling (SAE30 or SAE15W-40 oil) {kg/cm2} {3.5–7.0} {2.5}
At low idling MPa Min. 0.15 0.07

(SAE30 or SAE15W-40 oil) {kg/cm2} {1.5} {0.7}
At high idling (SAE10W oil) MPa 0.29–0.59 0.21

{kg/cm2} {3.0–6.0} {2.1}
At low idling (SAE10W oil) MPa Min. 0.10 0.07

{kg/cm2} {1.0} {0.7}
Oil temperature Whole speed range (inside oil pan) ºC 90–110 120
Fuel injection timing Compression Before Top Dead

°(degree) 11±1 11±1
Center
20-2 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ENGINE
D37EX-21, D37PX-21
Applicable machine model D37EX-21, D37PX-21
D37EX-21:5001 and up
Machine serial No.
D37PX-21:5001 and up
Engine SAA4D102E-2
Cate- Standard Permissible

Item Condition Unit
gory value value
Engine speed High idling 2,200±50 2,200±50
Low idling rpm 800± 50 800± 50

0 0
Rated speed 2,000 2,000
Boost pressure HST relief + work equipment relief kPa Min. 115 103
{mmHg} {Min. 860} {770}
Exhaust gas temperature Whole speed range

ºC Max. 650 700
(Atmospheric temp.:20ºC)
Exhaust gas color At sudden acceleration Bosch Max. 4.5 6.5
At high idling scale Max. 1.0 2.0
Valve clearance Intake valve 0.25 —

(Normal temperature) mm
Exhaust valve 0.51 —
Engine related
Compression pressure Oil temperature:40–60ºC

MPa Min. 2.41 1.69
(SAE30 or SAE15W-40 (Engine speed:320–360rpm)
{kg/cm2} {24.6} {17.2}
oil)
Blow-by pressure (SAE30 (Water temp:operating range) Pa Max. 490 980

or SAE15W-40 oil) At rated output {mmH2O} {50} {100}
Oil pressure (Water temp:operating range) At high MPa 0.34–0.69 0.25

idling (SAE30 or SAE15W-40 oil) {kg/cm2} {3.5–7.0} {2.5}
At low idling MPa Min. 0.15 0.07

(SAE30 or SAE15W-40 oil) {kg/cm2} {1.5} {0.7}
At high idling (SAE10W oil) MPa 0.29–0.59 0.21

{kg/cm2} {3.0–6.0} {2.1}
At low idling (SAE10W oil) MPa Min. 0.10 0.07

{kg/cm2} {1.0} {0.7}
Oil temperature Whole speed range (inside oil pan) ºC 90–110 120
Fuel injection timing Compression Before Top Dead

°(degree) 12±1 12±1
Center
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-3
TESTING AND ADJUSTING STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR CHASSIS
STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR CHASSIS

Cate Standard Permissible
Item Condition Unit
gory value value
• Center of lever knob
Fuel control lever Slow→full throttle 150±20 150±20
• Engine stopped
• Center of lever knob Forward ↔ Reverse
Directional lever 55±10 55±10
• Engine stopped (Full stroke)
• Engine:low idling
Steering lever N–left, right turn 55±10 55±10
• Center of lever knob
• Engine:low idling
Brake pedal mm 78±10 78±10
Travel
• Center of pedal
• Engine stopped
Decelerator pedal 66±10 66±10
• Center of pedal
Neutral–Raise 47±10 47±20
• Engine stopped Neutral–Lower 47±10 47±20
Work equipment
• Center of lever knob Neutral–Float 71±10 71±20
control lever
• Angle:Incline of lever Neutral–LH, RH tilt 52±10 52±20
Neutral–LH, RH angle Degree 15±3 15±6
Low idling→ 29.4±19.6 58.8
• Engine stopped High idling {3.0±2} {6.0}
Fuel control lever • 20 mm from end of
lever knob High idling 68.6±19.6 108
→Low idling {7±2} {11.0}
• Engine:low idling 19.6 – 67.6 11.8 – 84.3
Directional lever N–Forward, reverse
• Center of lever knob {2 – 6.9} {1.2 – 8.6}
6.9 – 12.7 14.7
Shift up
• Engine:low idling {0.7 – 1.3} {1.5}
Gear shift switch
• Button switch 6.9 – 12.7 14.7
Shift down
{0.7 – 1.3} {1.5}
• Engine:low idling 17.6 – 41.2 10.8 – 51.9
Operating force
Steering lever N–LH, RH turn

• Center of lever knob N {1.8 – 4.2} {1.1 – 5.3}
• Engine:low idling {kg} 186±49 284
Brake pedal
• Center of pedal {19±5.0} {29}
• Engine stopped 78.4±19.6 118
Decelerator pedal
• Center of pedal {8.0±2.0} {12}
23.5±10 39.2
Neutral–Raise
{2.4±1.0} {4.0}
26.5±10 39.2
Neutral–Lower
{2.7±1.0} {4.0}
Work equipment • Engine: low idling 70.6±22 118
Neutral–Float
control lever • Center of lever knob {7.2±2.2} {12}
26.5±10 39.2
Neutral–LH, RH tilt
{2.7±1.0} {4.0}
Nm 2.9–5.4 8.3
Neutral–LH, RH angle
{kgm} {0.3–0.55} {0.9}
Min. 2.21 Below 2.21
Forward stroke end
{Min. 22.5} {Below 22.5}
Hydraulic pressure
Travel PPC
PPC valve output
valve • Engine: full throttle Min. 2.21 Below 2.21

• Hydraulic oil tempera- Reverse stroke end
pressure
MPa {Min. 22.5} {Below 22.5}

ture: 45 – 55°C
{kg/cm2} Min. 2.21 Below 2.21
• Tow valve: lock LH steering stroke end
Steering PPC • Travel lever: 3rd {Min. 22.5} {Below 22.5}
valve Min. 2.21 Below 2.21
RH steering stroke end
{Min. 22.5} {Below 22.5}
20-4 D31/37EX,PX-21

Item Condition Unit
gory value value
Neutral–Raise
{Min. 16.8} {Below 16.8}
Neutral–Lower
PPC {Min. 14.0} {Below 14.0}
Work equip- • Engine: full throttle
valve Min. 2.01 Below 2.01
ment PPC • Hydraulic oil tempera- Neutral–Float
putput {Min. 21.0} {Below 21.0}
valve ture: 45–55ºC
pressure Min. 1.72 Below 1.72
Neutral–LH, RH tilt
{Min. 17.5} {Below 17.5}
Neutral–LH, RH angle
{Min. 20.0} {Below 20.0}
L.H.
37.3 – 43.1 36.3 – 44.1
steering
{380 – 440} {370 – 450}
stroke end
Forward
R.H.
• Engine: full throttle 37.3 – 43.1 36.3 – 44.1
steering
• Hydraulic oil tempera- {380 – 440} {370 – 450}
High pressure stroke end
ture: 45–55ºC
cut-off pressure L.H.
• Travel lever: LH or RH 37.3 – 43.1 36.3 – 44.1
steering stroke end steering
{380 – 440} {370 – 450}
stroke end
Reverse
R.H.
37.3 – 43.1 36.3 – 44.1
Hydraulic pressure
HST oil steering

{380 – 440} {370 – 450}
pressure stroke end
MPa 3.14±0.29 3.14±0.29
• Travel lever: neutral {kg/cm2} {32±3.0} {32±3.0}
• Engine: full throttle
Charge circuit
• Hydraulic oil tempera- • Travel lever: forward
pressure stroke end 2.55±0.29 2.55±0.49
ture: 45–55ºC
• Travel lever: LH or RH {26±3.0} {26±5.0}
steering stroke end
Engine: 1,100rpm 0.44 – 0.78 0.34 – 0.83
• Hydraulic oil tempera- Brake pedal: released {4.5 – 8.0} {3.5 – 8.5}
AS pressure ture: 45–55ºC
• Travel lever: neutral Engine: 1,800rpm 2.19 – 2.48 1.94 – 2.58
Brake pedal: released {22.3–25.3} {19.8 – 26.3}
2nd speed
3.14±0.29 3.14±0.49
switching pres- 2nd speed
{32±3.0} {32±5.0}
sure
3rd speed
• Engine: full throttle 3.14±0.29 3.14±0.49
Solenoid switching pres- 3rd speed
{32±3.0} {32±5.0}
sure • Hydraulic oil tempera-
output
ture: 45–55ºC
pressure Parking brake
• Travel lever: neutral Parking brake lever 3.14±0.29 3.14±0.49
release pres-
released {32±3.0} {32±5.0}
sure
HST brake sig- Parking brake lever 3.14±0.29 3.14±0.49
nal pressure activated {32±3.0} {32±5.0}
• Engine: full throttle 20.6 +0.49
Work equipment pump –0.29 17.6
• Hydraulic oil tempera-
relief pressure {210 +5 } {180}
ture: 45–55ºC –3
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-5
(8)

Item Condition Unit
gory value value
1st 4.3±0.2 4.3±0.4
Forward 2nd 6.5±0.3 6.5±0.6
• Engine: full throttle 3rd 8.5±0.4 8.5±0.8
Travel speed km/h
• Travel lever: stroke end 1st 4.3±0.2 4.3±0.4
Reverse 2nd 6.5±0.3 6.5±0.6
3rd 8.5±0.4 8.5±0.8

• Hydraulic oil temperature: 45–55ºC
Travel deviation • Run up for at least 10 m, and measure deviation mm Max.120 Max.150
when traveling next 20 m on flat ground
★ Use a hard horizontal surface. (concrete, etc.)
Power train
20m
10m BKP00107
★ Measure dimension x
Measure
the dis-
tance the
Hydraulic drift of travel m Max. 3.6 Min. 4.0
machine
• Engine: full throttle moves in 1
• Hydraulic oil temperature: 45–55ºC minute
• Travel lever : neutral
• Speed range: 1st speed
• Parking brake lever : FREE
• Stop machine on 20º slope.
20-6 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)

Item Condition Unit
gory value value
Lift
Blade raise Raise 2.0±0.2 2.5
Ground sec.
Raise fully Lower 1.4±0.2 2.1
Tilt
LH tilt 1.7±0.2 2.1

Blade tilt
LH tilt fully sec.

Work equip-
ment speed RH tilt fully RH tilt 1.7±0.2 2.1
★ Raise blade 300mm from ground

Work equipment
Angle
LH
2.6±0.5 3.3
angle
Blade angle
LH angle fully sec.
RH angle fully
RH
★ Raise blade 300 mm from ground 2.6±0.5 3.3
angle
• Machine on level ground
Hydraulic
mm/
drift of work Blade Max. 50 Max. 50
15min
equipment
★ Raise blade 300 mm from ground and meas-

ure hydraulic drift for the next 15 minutes.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-7

Item Condition Unit
gory value value
Hydraulic
mm/
drift of work Blade tilt Max. 100 Max. 100
★ Tilt blade fully and contact ground. 15min
equipment
• Machine on level ground
• Controll lever in Neutral
Work equipment
• Engine stopped
• Start to measure immediately after setting in
position.
• Measure the amount of hydraulic drift for the
next 15 minutes.
Lift cylinder • Engine: full throttle 1.6 6.5
Leakage of cc/
Tilt cylinder • Fully extend piston rod of cylinder to be 1.6 6.5
cylinder min.
measured, disconnect head side hose.
Angle cylinder • Amount of leakage after relieved 1 minute. 1.5 6.0
• Lower blade from max. RAISE position and
Blade time lag sec. 1.0 Max.1.5
measure time taken from point where blade
contacts ground to point where idlers rise
from ground.
20-8 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Sys Connector Inspection Measurement

Component Judgement table
tem No. method conditions
1) Turn starting
Coolant Sensor
switch OFF and
temperature resistance value
insert dummy
52ºC Approx. 80 Ω resistance or
69ºC Approx. 50 Ω measure resist-
105ºC Approx. 15.5 Ω ance value of
sensor.
120ºC Approx. 10 Ω
2) Turn starting
Coolant tem- CN20 Measure switch ON and
perature (1)–(2) resistance check display.
3) Connect socket.
1) Turn starting
Power train oil Sensor switch OFF and
teperature resistance value insert dummy
30ºC Approx. 205 Ω resistance or
60ºC Approx. 56 Ω measure resist-
ance value of
Machine monitor
sensor.
Monitor panel
105ºC Approx. 15.5 Ω 2 Turn starting

Display
120ºC Approx. 10 Ω switch ON and

HST oil tem- CN12 Measure check display.
perature (1)–(2) resistance 3) Connect socket.
Fuel level Sensor resistance value

E Approx. 70 Ω
1/2 Approx. 30 Ω
F Approx. 12 Ω
CN13 Measure
Fuel level
(1)–(2) resistance
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-9
TESTING AND ADJUSTING STANDARD VALUE TABLE FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Sys Connector Inspection Measurement

Component Judgement table
tem No. method conditions
If the condition is as shown in the table below, 1) Turn starting
the sensor is normal. switch OFF
2) Disconnect CN20
Atmosphere (Coolant temper-
Normal
Coolant tempera- temperature ature sensor)
ture sensor 120ºC Approx. 10 Ω Disconnect CN12
(coolant tempera- CN20 | | (HST oil tempera-
ture gauge) (male) Measure 106ºC Approx. 14 Ω ture sensor)
HST oil tempera- CN12 resistance | |
ture sensor (male) 100ºC Approx. 16.5 Ω
(HST oil tempera- | |
ture gauge) 80ºC Approx. 30 Ω
| |
| |
If the condition is as shown in the table below, 1) Start engine

the sensor is normal.
Engine oil pressure

Min. 0.049MPa No continuity
Engine oil pres-
— Continuity {0.5kg/cm2}
sure sensor
Machine monitor
Engine oil pressure

Max. 0.049MPa Continuity
{0.5kg/cm2}
If the condition is as shown in the table below, 1) Turn starting

the sensor is normal. (25ºC) switch OFF
CN13
Fuel level sensor (male) Measure CN13 (male)(1)–(2)
(fuel gauge) – resistance
Full Approx. 12 Ω max.
—
Empty Approx. 85–110 Ω
While engine is running (more than 1/2 throt- 1) Start engine

Alternator
Measure tle)→27.5–29.5V
Alternator R terminal
voltage ★ If the battery is old, or after starting in cold
– chassis
areas, the voltage may not rise for sometime.
If the condition is as shown in the table below, 1) Start engine
the sensor is normal.
Min.
Charge filter clog- 0.2 MPa Continuity
— Continuity Differential {2 kg/cm2}
ging sensor
pressure of
filter Max.
No
0.2 MPa
Continuity
{2 kg/cm2}
20-10 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING
TOOLS LIST FOR TESTING AND ADJUSTING.........................................................................................20-102

MEASURING ENGINE SPEED...................................................................................................................20-103
MEASURING EXHAUST COLOR ...............................................................................................................20-104
MEASURING BLOW-BY PRESSURE ........................................................................................................20-105
MEASURING INTAKE AIR PRESSURE (BOOST PRESSURE).................................................................20-106
ADJUSTING VALVE CLEARANCE .............................................................................................................20-107
TESTING ADJUSTING FUEL INJECTION TIMING ....................................................................................20-109
MEASURING COMPRESSION PRESSURE ..............................................................................................20- 110
ADJUSTING ENGINE STOP SOLENOID LINKAGE ..................................................................................20- 111
MEASURING ENGINE OIL PRESSURE ....................................................................................................20- 112
BLEEDING AIR FROM FUEL CIRCUIT ......................................................................................................20- 113
REPLACEMENT OF FAN BELT ...............................................................................................................20-113-1
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TENSION OF AIR CONDITIONER COMPRESSOR BELT ..........................20- 114
MEASURING AND ADJUSTING HST OIL PRESSURE .............................................................................20- 115
MEASURING SOLENOID VALVE OUTPUT PRESSURE...........................................................................20-121
MEASURING AND ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT MAIN RELIEF PRESSURE ..................................20-122
MEASURING PPC VALVE OUTPUT PRESSURE......................................................................................20-124
MEASURING LEAKAGE INSIDE CYLINDER.............................................................................................20-125
BLEEDING AIR FROM HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS ....................................................................................20-125
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TRACK SHOE TENSION..............................................................................20-126
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TRAVEL DEVIATION ....................................................................................20-127
ADJUSTING FUEL CONTROL LINKAGE...................................................................................................20-130
ADJUSTING DECELERATOR PEDAL LINKAGE .......................................................................................20-132
ADJUSTING BRAKE PEDAL LINKAGE......................................................................................................20-133
ADJUSTING STEERING/DIRECTIONAL/GEAR SHIFT LEVER AND LOCK LEVER ................................20-134
ADJUSTING BLADE CONTROL LEVER AND LOCK LEVER....................................................................20-137
ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT PPC VALVE .........................................................................................20-138
PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING PARKING BRAKE .................................................................................20-139
PROCEDURE FOR INSPECTING DIODE..................................................................................................20-141
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-101
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TOOLS LIST FOR TESTING AND ADJUSTING
TOOLS LIST FOR TESTING AND ADJUSTING
Test measurement item Symbol Part No. Part name Remarks

1 799-205-1100 Tachometer kit
Engine speed A Digital display: 6 – 99999.9 rpm
2 795-790-2500 Adapter (Drive)
Water temperature, oil tem- Digital temperature
B 799-101-1502 –99.9 – 1,299°C
perature gauge
Pressure gauge: 2.5, 6, 40,
799-101-5002 Hydraulic tester
60 MPa {25, 60, 400, 600 kg/cm2}
1
Digital hydraulic Pressure gauge:
790-261-1204
tester 60 MPa {600 kg/cm2}
2 799-401-2320 Pressure gauge 1 MPa {10 kg/cm2}
• 799-101-5160 • Nipple PT1/8
3 799-101-5220 Nipple
10 X 1.25
07002-11023 O-ring
Oil pressure C
Both male and female:
799-401-2910 Nipple
9/16–18UNF (Female: PT 1/8)
07043-00108 Plug PT1/8 (For 799-401-2910)
02896-11008 O-ring PT1/8 (For 799-401-2910)
4
Both male and female:
799-401-2920 Nipple
11/16–16UNF (Female: PT 1/8)
07043-00108 Plug PT 1/8 (For 799-401-2920)
02896-11009 O-ring PT 1/8 (For 799-401-2920)
1 795-502-1590 Compression gauge
Compression pressure E 0 – 7 MPa {0 – 70 kg/cm2}
2 795-502-1700 Adapter
1 799-201-1504 Blow-by kit
Blow-by pressure F 0 – 5 kPa {0 – 500 mmH2O}
2 795-790-1950 Nozzle (Tool)
Commercially
Valve clearance G Feeler gauge —
available
Handy smoke
1 799-201-9001
checker
Exhaust color H Bosch index: Level 0 – 9
Commercially
2 Smoke meter
available
79A-264-0021 Push-pull scale 0 – 294 N {0 – 30 kg}
Operating force I
79A-264-0091 Push-pull scale 0 – 490 N {0 – 50 kg}
Commercially
Stroke, hydraulic drift J Scale —
available
Commercially
Work equipment speed K Stopwatch —
available
Troubleshooting of voltage, Commercially
M Tester —
resistance available
Q 795-799-1130 Gear —
Fuel injection timing R1 795-799-1900 Pin assembly Made of metal
R2 795-799-1950 Lock pin Made of metal
Release of parking brake S 790-190-1500 Pump assembly —
Boost pressure T 799-201-2202 Gauge assembly With hose
20-102 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
Test measurement item Symbol Part No. Part name Remarks

799-601-4101
or
799-601-4201
or T-adapter assembly
Diagnosis for engine related 799-601-9000
controller, sensor, actuator — or
and harness 799-601-9200
For DT2P (Fuel level sensor)
For DT2P (Air bleed pump for fuel
799-601-9020 • T-adapter for DT
system)
For DT2P (Engine coolant sensor)
799-601-7000
or
799-601-7100
799-601-7400
or
799-601-8000
799-601-7210 • T-adapter for 040 For 040-16P
For 040-12P (Except 799-601-
799-601-7190 • T-adapter for 040
7000 and 799-601-7100)
799-601-4101
or
799-601-4201
799-601-9000
or
799-601-9200
799-601-9020 • T-adapter for DT For DT2P
799-601-9000
Diagnosis for chassis
related controller, sensor, —
799-601-9200
actuator and harness
• T-adapter for DT
799-601-9060 For DT8P (Gray)
(Gray)
• T-adapter for DT
799-601-9110 For DT12P (Gray)
(Gray)
799-601-7000
or
799-601-7100 T-adapter assembly
or
799-601-7400
799-601-7050 • T-adapter SWP For SWP6P
799-601-7400
799-601-8000
799-601-7010 • T-adapter for X For X1P
OUT OF KIT
799-601-7310 T-adapter SWP For SWP12P
799-601-7320 T-adapter SWP For SWP16P
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-102-1
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING ENGINE SPEED
MEASURING ENGINE SPEED

k Be careful not to touch any hot part when remov- 4. Start the engine and set the measuring condi-
ing or installing the measuring tools. tion, then measure the engine speed.
★ Measure the engine speed under the following • Set the fuel control lever to the low idling and
conditions. high idling positions, and measure the en-
• Engine coolant temperature: Within operating gine speed at each position.
range
• Hydraulic oil temperature: 40 – 60°C
1. Remove the engine side cover (left).

2. Remove cover (1).
★ Use a filter wrench to remove and install the
cover.
3. Install adapter A2 and connect it to the body of

multi-tachometer A1.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-103
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING EXHAUST COLOR
MEASURING EXHAUST COLOR

• When measuring the exhaust color in the field Measuring with H2
without compressed air and power source, use 1. Insert probe of H2 in the outlet of exhaust
tool H1. When taking records of official data, pipe (1) and secure it to the exhaust pipe with
use tool H2. the clip.
★ Before measuring, heighten the coolant temper-
ature to the operating range.
k Be careful not to touch any hot part when remov-
ing or installing the measuring tools.
Measuring with H1
1. Install filter paper to tool H1.
2. Insert exhaust gas suction adapter in the
exhaust pipe. Heighten the engine speed
sharply and operate the handle of tool H1 simul-
taneously to have the filter paper absorb the
exhaust gas.
3. Remove the filter paper and compare it with the
attached scale.
2. Connect the probe hose, accelerator switch out-
let, and air hose to H2.
★ Limit the applied air pressure to 1.47 MPa
{15 kg/cm2}.
3. Connect the power cable to an AC 100 V outlet.
★ When connecting the power cable, check
that the power switch of H2 is turned off.
4. Loosen the cap nut of the suction pump and set
the filter paper.
★ Set the filter paper securely so that the ex-
haust gas will not leak.
5. Turn on the power switch of H2.
6. Heighten the engine speed sharply and depress
the accelerator pedal of tool H2 simultaneously
to have the filter paper absorb the exhaust gas.
7. Remove the contaminated filter paper and place
it on clean filter paper (at least 10 sheets) in the
filter paper holder and read the indicated value.
20-104 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING BLOW-BY PRESSURE
MEASURING BLOW-BY PRESSURE

★ Before measuring, heighten the coolant temper- 3. Run the engine at the rated output and measure
ature to the operating range. the blow-by pressure.
k Take care not to touch the hot parts or rotat-
1. Connect blow-by nozzle F2 to the end of engine ing parts during measurement.
breather hose (1). ★ The regular blow-by pressure is measured
2. Install pressure gauge F1 to F2. while the engine is running at the rated out-
put.
• If it is impossible to run the engine at the rat-
ed output, measure while the engine is run-
ning at high idling.
The value obtained in this case is about 80%
of the blow-by pressure at the rated output.
★ The blow-by pressure may vary largely with
the engine condition. If the measured value
is judged abnormal, check for increase of oil
consumption, bad exhaust gas color, deteri-
oration of oil, high deterioration speed of oil,
etc. which are related to the abnormal blow-
by pressure.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-105
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING INTAKE AIR PRESSURE (BOOST PRESSURE)
MEASURING INTAKE AIR PRESSURE (BOOST PRESSURE)

k Take care not to touch the hot parts or rotating
parts when installing and removing the measur- 3. Connect the hose for measuring the oil pressure
ing instruments and during measurement. to nipple C3 and pressure gauge T (200 kPa
• Engine coolant temperature for measurement: {1,500 mmHg}).
Within operating range ★ When using the measuring hose of the oil
pressure measuring kit, be sure to bleed air
1. Remove boost pressure measurement plug (1) from the hose according to the following pro-
(PT 1/8) and install nipple C3 of the oil pressure cedure.
gauge kit instead. • Run the engine at a medium speed or higher
range, and bleed the oil from the hose by in-
serting the gauge about a half to open the
self-seal part repeatedly.
★ Be sure to perform the above operation
since the gauge does not work if there is oil
in the hose.
4. Run engine at full throttle and measure the

gauge pressure when travel circuit and work
equipment circuit are relieved.
2. Referring to MEASURING AND ADJUSTING

HST OIL PRESSURE, "1. Measuring high cut-
off oil pressure 1), 2)", turn down the travel
brake bypass valve lever until it stops.
★ Until the brake is applied.
20-106 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING VALVE CLEARANCE
ADJUSTING VALVE CLEARANCE

1. Remove the air cleaner and remove the muffler 3. Remove timing pin plug (2) and turn over timing
assembly together with the bracket, then pin (3), then crank the flywheel forward with
remove cylinder head cover (9). cranking tool Q until timing pin (3) meshes with
timing pointer (4).
4. When the timing point is meshed, adjust the
clearances of the valves marked z in the valve
arrangement table. At this time, make match
marks on the crank pulley and timing gear case
and remove the timing pin.
2. Set cranking tool Q to the flywheel.

★ Since the timing pin cannot be pushed into
the timing gear, mesh "timing pin (3) of the
fuel injection pump" with the timing pointer.
5. Crank the crankshaft forward by 1 turn and

match the match marks made in 4 above, then
adjust the clearances of the other valves
marked {.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-107
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING VALVE CLEARANCE
★ Loosen lock nut (6) of adjustment screw (5) and

insert specified thickness gauge G in the clear-
ance between valve stem (7) and rocker arm (8)
and adjust the clearance with the adjustment
screw so that the thickness gauge can be moved
lightly, then tighten the lock nut to secure the ad-
justment screw.
3 Locknut: 24.0 Nm {2.45 kgm}
★ The firing order of the engine is 1-3-4-2.
★ Valve clearance
Intake side: 0.25 mm
Exhaust side: 0.51 mm
20-108 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TESTING ADJUSTING FUEL INJECTION TIMING
TESTING ADJUSTING FUEL INJECTION TIMING

1. Testing 2. Adjusting
★ Remove the work equipment pump assem- If timing pin (3) is not meshed
bly. 1) Remove the fuel injection pump. For
1) Crank the crankshaft forward with cranking details, see REMOVAL OF FUEL INJEC-
tool Q until timing pin (1) enters the hole of TION PUMP.
the timing gear. 2) Rotate the camshaft of the fuel injection
★ Timing pin (1) may be replaced with lock pump to mesh timing pin (3) with timing
pin R2 (made of metal) at this time. pointer (4).
2) After the timing pin enters the hole of the 3) Install the fuel injection pump. For details,
gear, remove fuel injection pump plug (2) see INSTALLATION OF FUEL INJECTION
and turn over timing pin (3) and check that PUMP.
the tip of pin (3) is meshed with timing
pointer (4) on the fuel injection pump side.
★ Pin assembly R1 (made of metal) may be
used instead of timing pin (3).
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-109
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING COMPRESSION PRESSURE
MEASURING COMPRESSION PRESSURE

k While measuring the compression pressure, 5. Disconnect 2 engine stop solenoid wires (2).
take care not to touch the exhaust manifold, etc.
to get burnt and not to catch your clothes in the
fan or fan belt.
1. Warm up the engine until the oil temperature is

40 – 60°C.
★ Since the air cleaner and muffler must be re-
moved before adjustment of the valve clear-
ance, warm up the engine first.
2. Adjust the valve clearance accurately. For
details, see ADJUSTING VALVE CLEARANCE.
3. Remove nozzle holder (1).
6. Crank the engine with the starting motor and

measure the compression pressure.
★ Read the compression pressure when the
pointer of the compression gauge stops.
★ When measuring the compression pressure,
measure the engine speed and check that it
is in the standard range.
After measuring the compression pressure,
install the nozzle holder
2 Thread portion: Anti-seizure agent
(MOLYCOAT 1000 or equivalent)
3 Nozzle holder assembly:
4. Install adapter E2 to the nozzle holder mounting 60 ± 9 Nm {6.12 ± 0.92 kgm}
part, then connect compression gauge E1.
20-110 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING ENGINE STOP SOLENOID LINKAGE
ADJUSTING ENGINE STOP SOLENOID LINKAGE

1. Assemble the solenoid and linkage. 3. Connect solenoid wire (2).
• Installed length of rod "a": 163 mm
• Screwing depth "b" on solenoid side: 6 mm
• Screwing depth "c" of intermediate portion:
15 mm
• Screwing depth "d" on yoke side: 12 mm
2 Apply adhesive (LT-2) to the thread
portion of the rod. Do not apply it to the
range of 5 mm from each end to pre-
vent the joint from sticking, however.
3 Locknut: 4.9 ± 1 Nm {0.5 ± 0.1 kgm}
4. Turn the starting switch to the ON position.

5. Move solenoid linkage assembly (1) toward the
fan so that clearance "f" between injection pump
stop lever (3) and stopper (4) will be the follow-
ing value under this condition.
Clearance f: 1 – 2 mm
2. Install solenoid linkage assembly (1) to the

engine temporarily.
★ Install the solenoid linkage assembly, match-
ing it to injection pump-side ends "e" of the
oblong holes of the mounting bracket.
6. Tighten the mounting bolts securely and operate

the solenoid several times to confirm the follow-
ing items.
1) The solenoid does not heat up when it oper-
ates.
2) The rubber boot and linkage do not interfere
with the other engine parts.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-111
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING ENGINE OIL PRESSURE
MEASURING ENGINE OIL PRESSURE

★ Measure the engine oil pressure under the fol-
lowing condition.
• Engine coolant temperature: Within operat-
ing range
1. Remove plug (1) (PT 1/8) from the oil filter top
and install adapter and nipple C3 of oil pres-
sure kit C1, then connect oil pressure gauge C2
(1 MPa {10 kg/cm2}).
2. Start the engine and measure the oil pressure at

low idling and high idling.
20-112 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING BLEEDING AIR FROM FUEL CIRCUIT
BLEEDING AIR FROM FUEL CIRCUIT

1. Bleeding air automatically 2. Bleeding air manually
★ Air can be bled in a shorter time if the fuel 1) Loosen air bleed plug (1).
tank is full. 2) Move priming pump (2) of the feed pump up
1) Set the fuel lever to the medium speed posi- and down to let the fuel overflow from the air
tion. bleed plug until bubbles do not come out
2) Turn the starting switch to the START posi- any more.
tion and hold it there for 20 seconds. 3) Tighten the air bleed plug.
★ The air bleeding electric pump operates
only while the starting switch is in the
"START" position. Accordingly, keep
the starting switch in the "START" posi-
tion for 20 seconds to bleed all air, even
after the engine starts and the starting
motor stops.
★ If the engine does not start, do not rotate
it for more than 20 seconds to prevent
burning of the starting motor.
3) If the engine does not start, return the start-
ing switch to the "ON" position and keep the
starting motor stopped for 30 seconds.
4) Repeat step 2).
★ Keep the key at the START position for
20 seconds even if the engine starts.
5) Return the starting switch to the ON position
and check that the engine can continue run-
ning.
★ If the engine stalls at this time, repeat
step 2).
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-113
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING REPLACEMENT OF FAN BELT
REPLACEMENT OF FAN BELT

★ Since the auto-tensioner is installed, the fan belt
tension usually does not need to be checked or
adjusted.
k Stop the machine on a level ground and lower
the work equipment to the ground.
1. Remove the fan.

2. Put wrench [1] in part "A" (width across flats:
12.7 mm) of tensioner assembly (1) and turn it in
the direction to decrease the tension of fan belt
(2).
k Set the wrench securely to part "A" of ten-
sioner assembly (1) before turning it. (The
spring of tensioner assembly (1) is strong. If
the wrench is set incompletely and turned, it
comes off and that is very dangerous.)
k Take care not to catch your finger between
the pulley and fan belt (2) during work.
3. Remove and replace fan belt (2).

★ Check each pulley for breakage and crack-
ing.
k After removing the fan belt and installing a
new belt, return tensioner assembly (1)
slowly and carefully.
20-113-1 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TENSION OF
TESTING AND ADJUSTING AIR CONDITIONER COMPRESSOR BELT
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TENSION OF AIR CONDITIONER

COMPRESSOR BELT
1. Testing belt tension
Press the middle point of the belt between the
fan pulley and compressor pulley with force of
98 N {10 kg} and measure deflection "a" of the
belt.
Deflection "a": 15 – 18 mm
2. Adjusting belt
1) Loosen 4 compressor mounting bolts (1).
2) Loosen locknut (2) and tighten adjustment
bolt (3) to adjust the belt tension.
3) After adjusting the belt tension to the stand-
ard value, tighten locknut (2) and compres-
sor mounting bolts (1).
20-114 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING AND ADJUSTING HST OIL PRESSURE
MEASURING AND ADJUSTING HST OIL PRESSURE

Measuring
★ HST oil temperature when measuring: Follow
measurement conditions in STANDARD VALUE
TABLE
k When measuring the high-pressure cut-off oil
pressure, charge circuit oil pressure, and drive
piston actuation pressure, there is danger that
the parking brake may be released by the tow
valve and that the machine may move. To pre-
vent the machine from moving, put the blocks
under the tracks when measuring the oil pres-
sure, and finish measuring the oil pressure
quickly.
k If it is not necessary to start the engine during
the procedure for measuring the HST, always
stop the engine before starting the measure- 6) Start the engine.
ment. 7) Set the forward-reverse lever to the Forward
★ The high relief pressure cannot be measured or Reverse position and pull the fuel control
since it is the pressure to operate the safety lever gradually and check that the machine
valve of the main circuit. does not move, then pull the fuel control
lever to the full throttle position and measure
1. Measuring high cut-off oil pressure the cut-off oil pressure.
1) Stop the engine. ★ Move the forward-reverse lever to the
2) Loosen the hydraulic oil filler cap to release stroke end.
the residual pressure from the hydraulic 8) When measuring the oil pressure for steer-
tank. ing to right or left during forward or reverse
3) Remove the floor cover. travel, move the steering lever to the right or
4) Turn tow valve lever (1) of the travel brake left stroke end and measure the oil pres-
circuit downward until it stops (to the full sure.
close position).
★ Take care not to let the pin fall.
★ Be careful of the following when measuring the

HST oil pressure.
k Always move the machine to flat ground
5) Remove oil pressure pickup plug (2)
(Thread dia. = 10 mm, Pitch = 1.25 mm) when measuring the HST oil pressure.
between the HST pump and auto shift valve
and install adapter and nipple C3 of oil
pressure kit C1, then connect oil pressure
gauge C1 (60 MPa {600 kg/cm2}).
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-115
(8)
2. Measuring charge circuit pressure

1) Stop the engine.
2) Loosen the hydraulic oil filler cap to release
the residual pressure from the hydraulic
tank.
3) Remove the floor cover.
4) Turn tow valve lever (1) of the travel brake
circuit downward until it stops (to the full
close position). (Same conditions as when
measuring high-pressure cut-off)
(Thread dia. = 10 mm, Pitch = 1.25 mm)
from the inlet of solenoid valve block and
install nipple C3 of oil pressure kit C, then
connect oil pressure gauge C1 (6 MPa {60
6) Start the engine.
kg/cm2}).
7) Run the engine at high idling and measure
the charge circuit pressure under the follow-
ing conditions when the hydraulic oil tem-
perature is 45 - 55°C.
i) Directional lever at Neutral
ii) Travel lever at end of FORWARD stroke
and end of left steering stroke
iii) Travel lever at end of FORWARD stroke
and end of right steering stroke
3. Measuring control oil pressure (AS pressure)

1) Stop the engine.
tank.
(Thread dia. = 10 mm, Pitch = 1.25 mm)
from the control pressure outlet of the HST
pump and install the adapter and nipple C3
of oil pressure kit C1, then connect oil pres-
sure gauge C1 (6 MPa {60 kg/cm2}).
20-116 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
5) Set tachometer A2. For details, see MEAS- 4. Measuring servo piston operating pressure
URING ENGINE SPEED. (Output pressure of travel and steering PPC
valves)
1) Stop the engine.
tank.
4) Turn tow valve lever (1) of the travel brake
circuit downward until it stops (to the full
close position).
5) Disconnect the hose of the circuit to be
measured among "front" ends (7) and (8)
and "rear" ends of the servo piston inlet
hoses.
The hoses to be disconnected are forward
side (7) and reverse side (8) of front pump
and forward side and reverse side of rear
pump
6) Install adapter C4 and nipple C3 of oil pres-
sure kit C, then connect oil pressure gauge
C1 (6 MPa {60 kg/cm2}).
6) Start the engine.

7) Measure the control pressure (AS pressure)
under the following conditions.
• Follow the measurement conditions in
the STANDARD VALUE TABLE.
• Set the engine speed to 1,100 rpm and
release the brake pedal.
• Set the engine speed to 1,800 rpm and
release the brake pedal.
• Run the engine at full throttle and de-
press the brake pedal.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-117
(8)
7) Measuring output pressure for travel (Travel Adjusting

PPC valve) ★ The high pressure relief valve cannot be adjust-
• Follow the measurement conditions in ed since it is the safety valve of the main circuit.
the STANDARD VALUE TABLE.
8) Measuring output pressure for steering 1. Adjusting high pressure cut-off valve
(Steering PPC valve) ★ If the high cut-off oil pressure is abnormal,
Run the engine at full throttle and move the adjust high pressure cut-off valve (11) ac-
steering lever without moving the machine cording to the following procedure.
and measure the oil pressure. 1) Remove the floor cover.
• Follow the measurement conditions in 2) Loosen locknut (12) and turn the adjustment
the STANDARD VALUE TABLE. screw (13) to adjust the high cut-off oil pres-
sure.
★ The function of the adjustment screw is
as shown below.
• If it is turned to the right, the pres-
sure is heightened.
• If it is turned to the left, the pressure
is lowered.
★ Quantity of adjustment by 1 turn of ad-
justment screw: 19.7 MPa {201 kg/cm2}
3) After adjusting, tighten locknut (12).
3 Locknut: 49 – 64 Nm {5 – 7 kgm}
★ After adjustment is finished, measure the
cut-off oil pressure, referring to the above
section of measurement.

cut-off oil pressure, referring to the above
20-118 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING AND ADJSUTING HST OIL PRESSURE
2. Adjusting charge safety valve (pump mount- 3. Adjusting charge relief valve (motor mount-
ing) ing)
★ If the charge circuit oil pressure is abnormal, ★ If the charge circuit oil pressure is abnormal,
adjust charge safety valve (14) according to adjust charge relief valve (17) according to
the following procedure. the following procedure.
1) Remove the undercover. 1) Remove the motor cover.
2) Loosen locknut (15) and turn the adjustment 2) Loosen locknut (18) and turn the adjustment
screw (16) to adjust the charge circuit oil screw (19) to adjust the charge circuit oil
pressure. pressure.
★ The function of the adjustment screw is as ★ The function of the adjustment screw is as
shown below. shown below.
• If it is turned to the right, the pressure is • If it is turned to the right, the pressure is
heightened. heightened.
• If it is turned to the left, the pressure is • If it is turned to the left, the pressure is
lowered. lowered.
★ Quantity of adjustment by 1 turn of adjust- ★ Quantity of adjustment by 1 turn of adjust-
ment screw: 1.55 MPa {15.8 kg/cm2} ment screw: 1.02 MPa {10.4 kg/cm2}
3) After adjusting, tighten locknut (15). 3) After adjusting, tighten locknut (18).
3 Locknut: 3 Locknut:
58.8 – 78.5 Nm {6 – 8 kgm} 58.8 – 78.5 Nm {6 – 8 kgm}
★ After adjustment is finished, measure the ★ After adjustment is finished, measure the
charge circuit oil pressure, referring to the charge circuit oil pressure, referring to the
above section of measurement. above section of measurement.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-119
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING AND ADJSUTING HST OIL PRESSURE
4. Adjusting AS valve
★ If the control oil pressure is abnormal, adjust
AS valve (17) according to the following pro-
cedure.
1) Remove the floor frame assembly.
2) Loosen locknut (18) and turn the adjustment
screw (19) to adjust the control oil pressure.
★ The function of the adjustment screw is
as shown below.
sure is heightened.
is lowered.
justment screw: 0.24 MPa {2.4 kg/cm2}
3) After adjusting, tighten locknut (18).
3 Locknut:
9.8 – 14.7 Nm {1 – 1.5 kgm}
control oil pressure, referring to the above
★ When measuring the control oil pressure af-
ter adjusting the adjustment screw, lower the
engine speed to stabilize the position of the
internal parts (spool, spring, etc.) before
measuring.
★ When measuring the control oil pressure,
check that the oil temperature is within the
specified range.
• Oil temperature (condition):
45 – 55°C (important)
20-120 D31/37EX,PX-21
(6)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING SOLENOID VALVE OUTPUT PRESSURE
MEASURING SOLENOID VALVE OUTPUT PRESSURE

★ Oil temperature for measurement: 45 – 55°C
1. Disconnect the outlet hose of the solenoid valve
to be measured and install adapter C4 and nip-
ple C3 between the measuring portion and
hose.
2. Install oil pressure gauge C1 (6 MPa {60 kg/
cm2}) to nipple C3.
3. Run the engine at full throttle and measure the
output pressure according to the conditions in
the following table.
Measurement condition
Solenoid State of State of Oil pressure
Fuel control Safety lock Remarks
name Travel lever machine solenoid (MPa {kg/cm2})
lever lever
1st gear
OFF 0
speed
2nd gear
2nd gear 3.2 ± 0.3
1 speed Full Neutral — ON —
speed {32 ± 3}
selector
3rd gear
OFF 0
speed
1st gear
OFF 0
speed
3rd gear
2nd gear
2 speed Full Neutral — OFF 0 —
speed
selector
3rd gear 3.2 ± 0.3
ON
speed {32 ± 3}
Brake is 3.2 ± 0.3
Released ON
Parking released {32 ± 3}
3 Full Neutral —
brake Brake is
Locked OFF 0
applied
HST (Oil Signal is
Released OFF 0
pressure OFF
4 Full Neutral —
changeover Signal is 3.2 ± 0.3
valve) Locked ON
ON {32 ± 3}
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-121
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTINGMEASURING AND ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT MAIN RELIEF PRESSURE
MEASURING AND ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT MAIN

RELIEF PRESSURE
3) Relieve circuit of the blade lift, blade tilt, and
k Stop the machine on a level ground and lower angle cylinders one by one and measure the
the blade to the ground and apply the parking oil pressure.
brake.
k Loosen the hydraulic oil filler cap slowly to re-
lease the internal pressure of the hydraulic tank.
★ When installing the oil pressure gauge, remove
the all dirt and sand from the plug.
1. Measuring
1) Remove the engine side cover (left upper).
(Thread dia. = 10 mm, Pitch = 1.25 mm) and
install adapter and nipple C3 of oil pres-
sure gauge kit C, then connect oil pressure
gauge C1 (40 MPa {400 kg/cm2}).
★ A safety valve is installed to only the angle
cylinder circuit. If only the angle cylinder re-
lief pressure is low, the safety valve may be
set low.
20-122 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTINGMEASURING AND ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT MAIN RELIEF PRESSURE
2. Adjusting
1) Remove the mounting bolts of the opera-
tor’s seat and turn the seat forward.
2) Loosen locknut (3) of relief valve (2) and
turn adjustment nut (4) to adjust the relief
pressure.
k
Never remove adjustment nut (4). (If it is
loosened too much, it will be removed
from the threaded part. Accordingly,
take care extremely when removing.)
★ The function of the adjustment nut is as
shown below.
sure is heightened.
is lowered.
justment nut: 19.6 MPa {200 kg/cm2}
3 Adjusutment nut:
39 – 49 Nm {4 – 5 kgm}
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-123
TESTING AND ADJUSTING MEASURING PPC VALVE OUTPUT PRESSURE
MEASURING PPC VALVE OUTPUT PRESSURE

1. Measuring PPC valve output pressure

1) Disconnect the hose of the circuit to be
measured (See the following figure).
2) Install adapter C4 and nipple C3.
3) Install oil pressure gauge C1 (6 MPa {60 kg/
cm2}) to nipple C3.
4) Run the engine at full throttle and operate
the control lever of the circuit to be meas-
ured, then measure the oil pressure.
20-124 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING BLEEDING AIR FROM HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
MEASURING LEAKAGE BLEEDING AIR FROM

INSIDE CYLINDER HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
• If the quantity of hydraulic drift exceeds the stan- ★ When a hydraulic cylinder is removed and in-
dard value, measure it to see if its cause is on stalled or replaced or when the hydraulic piping
the cylinder side or on the control valve side is removed, bleed air from the hydraulic cylinders
according to the following procedure. according to the following procedure.
★ Oil temperature for measurement: 45 – 55°C 1) Run the engine idle for about 5 minutes.
2) Run the engine at low speed and raise the
1. Measuring position cylinder up and down 4 – 5 times.
1) Blade lift cylinder ★ Move the piston rod to about 100 mm
• Ride on a block until the front part of the before the stroke end and never relieve
track shoe is on it and extract the cylin- the oil.
der rod to the stroke end. 3) Run the engine at full throttle and perform
2) Blade tilt cylinder the operation in 2) above, then run the
• Extract the cylinder rod to the stroke end engine at low speed and move the piston
to lower the blade tip to the ground. rod to the stroke end to relieve the oil.
3) Blade angle cylinder 4) Bleed air from the other cylinders according
• Extract the angle cylinder rod to the to the steps 2) and 3) above.
stroke end to lower the blade to the
ground.
2. Measuring
1) Disconnect the piping on the head side and
plug the piping on the machine side.
kTake care not to disconnect the piping on
the bottom side.
2) Run the engine at full throttle to apply relief
pressure to the bottom side of the cylinder.
3) Measure leakage for 1 minute after 30 sec-
onds.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-125
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TESTING AND ADJUSTING TRACK SHOE TENSION
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TRACK SHOE TENSION

k Since the machine must be moved to adjust the 4. Loosening track shoe
track shoe tension, be sure to set the work Loosen lubricator (2) gradually.
equipment lock lever to the "LOCK" position. k Since high pressure is applied to the lubricator,
do not loosen it more than 1 turn. If the grease
1. Stop the machine on a level ground. does not flow out, move the machine forward
★ Move the machine forward and stop it with- and in reverse slowly.
out applying the brake.
2. Place a straight bar between the front idler and
carrier roller and adjust clearance "a" between it
and grouser at center.
★ Dimension "a": 20 – 30 mm
3. Tensing track shoe

Supply grease through lubricator (2).
★ If the grease does not flow in, move the ma-
chine forward slowly. Stop without applying
the brake at this time, too.
20-126 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TESTING AND ADJUSTING TRAVEL DEVIATION
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TRAVEL DEVIATION

★ Perform the following work while no load is ap-
plied to the machine or while the machine is
traveling on a hard, flat ground. (concrete, etc.)
1. Measurement by traveling
1) Set the machine in the traveling position.
★ When driving the machine, raise the
blade to about 300 mm above the
ground.
2) After approach run of 10 m, measure the
travel deviation a in the travel of 20 m.
★ When measuring the travel deviation,
run the engine at full throttle.
★ At this time, install a pressure gauge and
measure the pump discharge pressure,
too.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-127
2. Adjusting travel deviation 3) Fix the hexagonal wrench and loosen lock-
1) Check the position of the adjustment plug of nut (3).
the HST pump. ★ Before loosening the locknut, make
• When machine deviates during reverse match mark on the adjustment plug to
travel: Adjust with adjustment plug (1). check the turning angle of the plug.
• When machine deviates during forward ★ Loosening angle of locknut: 90 – 180º
travel: Adjust with adjustment plug (2). 4) Turn the angled by the adjustment angle
guessed in advance.
5) Tighten the locknut.
3 Locknut: 49 – 56.8 Nm {5 – 6 kgm}
6) Check the travel deviation again. If it is not
within the standard range, adjust it again.
★ Never touch screws (4) and (5).
★ Check the deviating direction and quantity of

deviation and correct them according to the
table on the next page. Guess the plug to be
turned and its adjustment angle in advance.
2) Insert hexagonal wrench (width across flats:
6 mm) in adjustment plug (1) or (2).
★ Insert the hexagonal wrench securely.
20-128 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-129
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING FUEL CONTROL LINKAGE
ADJUSTING FUEL CONTROL LINKAGE

1. Adjusting operator frame section
1) Adjust projection distance "a" of FULL-side
stopper bolt (2) of fuel control lever (1),
screwing distance "b" of cable (3) in yoke
(4), and length "c" of the tip of cable (3).
★ Distance "a": 19 mm
Distance "b": 11.5 mm
Length "c": 172.5 mm
2) Adjust dimension "d" of connecting rod (5)

between the fuel control lever and clutch
assembly (6).
★ Dimension "d": 123 mm
★ Install the fuel control lever, pressing it
against the FULL-side stopper.
2. Adjusting bracket assembly section
1) Adjust rod (9) to set installed length "g" of
spring (8).
★ Length "g": 164 – 166 mm
★ Standard dimension "j" of rod (9): 241.5
mm
2) Adjust dimension "h" of the tip of FULL-side
stopper bolt (10).
★ Dimension "h": 9 mm
3. General adjustment
1) Install rod (11) between governor relay (12)
and lever (13).
★ Adjust the length of rod (11) so that gov-
ernor relay (12) will be in contact with the
FULL-side stopper and there will be no
clearance between the pin of part P and
the oblong hole end of the rod.
★ Standard dimension "k" of rod (11): 366
mm
3) Adjust dimension "e" of FULL-side stopper

bolt (7) of clutch assembly (6).
★ Dimension "e": 15 – 16 mm
★ If dimension "d" of rod (5) and/or dimen-
sion "c" of the tip of cable (3) are/is short-
er than the specified value(s), stroke "f"
(37 mm) of the lever of clutch assembly
(6) cannot be obtained. Accordingly, be
sure to adjust those dimensions accu-
rately.
20-130 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING FUEL CONTROL LINKAGE
2) Set the fuel control lever to the FULL posi-

tion and install fuel control cable (3) to lever
(14).
★ High idling speed: 2,200 ± 50 rpm
3) Adjusting low idling stopper

i) Remove rubber cover (15).
ii) Loosen bolt (17) of low idling stopper
plate (16).
iii) Move fuel control lever (1) until the gov-
ernor relay of the fuel injection pump
comes in contact with the low idling
stopper, then move it to about the mid-
dle point of its stroke.
iv) Move fuel control lever (1) again until
the governor relay comes in contact
with the low idling stopper.
★ At this time, push out low idling stopper
plate (16) forward. This position is the
low idling position of fuel control lever
(1).
v) With low idling stopper plate (16) in con-
tact with the fuel control lever, tighten
bolt (17).
★ Low idling speed: 825 ± 25 rpm
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-131
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING DECELERATOR PEDAL LINKAGE
ADJUSTING DECELERATOR PEDAL LINKAGE

Adjusting 3. With injection pump governor lever (5) at the
1. Fix full stopper bolt (2) at height "a" of pedal (1) FULL position, connect cable (3).
above the floor. ★ Standard installed length "d" of cable (3):
★ Pedal height "a": 205 mm (With rubber cover 158.5 mm
removed) ★ At this time, check that there is clearance of
★ Projection distance "b" of full stopper bolt: 25 1 mm between full stopper bolt (2) and stop-
mm per.
2. Adjust screwing distance "c" of cable (3) in yoke 4. Adjust pedal idle stopper bolt (6) and fix it with
(4) and length "d" of the tip of cable (3). the locknut so that the engine speed will be as
★ Dimension "c": 11 mm, Dimension "d": 141 follows when the pedal is pressed to the stroke
mm end.
★ Low idling speed: 825 ± 25 rpm
20-132 D31/37EX,PX-21
ADJUSTING BRAKE PEDAL LINKAGE
ADJUSTING BRAKE PEDAL LINKAGE

Adjusting 4. Install valve (6) so that clearance "f" between it
1. Adjust height "a" of brake pedal (1) above the and stopper pin (5) will be 0.5 – 1.0 mm when
floor with stopper bolt (2). "the pedal is pressed to the stroke end".
★ Height "a": 208 mm 5. Install limit switch (7) so that stroke "g" will be 2
★ Standard dimension "b" of stopper bolt (2): – 2.5 mm.
36 mm 6. Adjust effective stroke "h" of the 2-stage spring
2. Adjust stroke "c" of brake pedal (1) with stopper for the brake pedal to 18 – 29 mm.
bolt (3). ★ If turnbuckle is shortened by 1 turn, the
★ Stroke "c": 89 +3.50 mm 2nd-stage pedal stroke is increased by about
★ Standard dimension "d" of stopper bolt (3): 4.5 mm at part Z.
21 mm ★ Standard length "j" of rod (8): 286 – 292 mm
3. Install valve (4) so that clearance "e" between it
and stopper pin (5) will be 0.5 – 1.0 mm when
"the pedal is released".
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-133
ADJUSTING STEERING/DIRECTIONAL/
TESTING AND ADJUSTING GEAR SHIFT LEVER AND LOCK LEVER
ADJUSTING STEERING/DIRECTIONAL/GEAR SHIFT LEVER AND

LOCK LEVER
1. Adjusting steering control 2. Adjusting steering lock lever
★ Before installing the boot after repairing wir- Adjust stopper bolt (5) so that lock lever (4) will
ing, etc., operate the lever to check that the be in parallel with the top of the floor frame.
wiring does not interfere with an edge of the ★ Standard projection distance "c" of stopper
valve, cover, etc. bolt: 125 mm
1) Standard screwing distance "a" of knob (1): ★ Disconnect rod (13).
12 mm
2) When adjusting the position of the lock
lever, adjust stopper bolt (14) so that clear-
ance "b" between the lever and stopper will
be 0.1 – 0.5 mm when shut-off valve (2) is
closed fully.
★ Standard projection distance "e" of stop-
per bolt: 17 mm
3. Adjusting lock position of PPC valve

1) Set directional lever (6) in the vertical posi-
tion.
2) Adjust the height of lock lever (4) with shim
(8) so that lock lever (4) will enter lock plate
(7) without interfering with the lock plate.
★ Part No. of shim:
11Y-43-11850 (0.5 mm)
11Y-43-11860 (0.3 mm)
3) Procedure for adjusting shim
i) Disconnect rod end (9) and remove the
3 bolts of bracket (10), then remove lock
lever assembly (4).
ii) Remove boss (11) and key (12) and
insert shim (8) between lock lever (4)
and bracket (10) to adjust the height of
lock lever (4).
iii) If the height of lock lever (4) is adjusted
properly by the work in ii) above, reas-
semble in the reverse order to disas-
sembly.
20-134 D31/37EX,PX-21
ADJUSTING STEERING/DIRECTIONAL/
TESTING AND ADJUSTING GEAR SHIFT LEVER AND LOCK LEVER
4) Check that clearance "d" between lock lever ADJUSTING PROXIMITY SWITCH OF BACKUP
(4) and lock plate (7) is 2 ± 1 mm, then con- BUZZER (ALARM)
nect rod (13) to part A in the illustration on
the previous page. 1. Adjusting operation to turn on alarm
1) Adjust clearance "a" between proximity
switch (1) and reflection lever (2) for reverse
travel.
★ Clearance "a": 2 ± 0.5 mm
★ Precaution for installing bracket (3)
If bracket (3) is not installed in parallel
with lever (2), lever (2) will scuff and the
lapping distance of the switch-on posi-
tion marked ★ will change.
2) Move the directional lever slowly to the
reverse position and adjust the height of the
proximity switch with adjustment bolt (4) so
that the alarm will sound at point "P" where
the operating effort of the lever changes.
k After adjusting, move the directional lever to the
forward or reverse position and then move the
lock lever to the lock position and check that the
lever is returned to the neutral position securely.
Then, move the directional lever to the opposite
position and perform the same operation again.
3) If lapping distance marked ✩ below is about

3.5 mm and clearance "a" is 2 ± 0.5 mm, the
alarm is turned on.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-135
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING STEERING/DIRECTIONAL/GEAR SHIFT LEVER AND LOCK LE-
2. Relationship between PPC valve operating

effort graph and position to turn on alarm
• Point P: The alarm must be turned on at the
point of the maximum operating effort of the
detent.
20-136 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING BLADE CONTROL LEVER AND LOCK LEVER
ADJUSTING BLADE CONTROL LEVER AND LOCK LEVER

1. Adjusting blade control
1) Standard screwing distance "a" of knob (1):
12 – 15 mm
2. Adjusting blade lock lever

1) Adjust stopper bolt (3) so that lock lever (2)
will be in parallel with the top of the floor
frame.
2) Adjust stopper bolt (5) so that clearance "b"
between the lever of shut-off valve (4) and
stopper will be 0.1 – 0.5 mm when lock lever
(2) is set to the LOCK position.
★ Standard projection distance "c" of stop-
per bolt (5) : 21 mm
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-137
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT PPC VALVE
ADJUSTING WORK EQUIPMENT PPC VALVE

★ If the work equipment control lever has much
play, adjust it according to the following proce-
dure.
k Lower the work equipment to the ground and
stop the engine. Then, loosen the hydraulic oil
filler cap slowly to release the internal pressure
of the hydraulic tank.
1. Removing PPC valve

★ Adjust so that disc (1) and locknut (2) in the
figure will be seen.
2. Loosen locknut (2) and screw in disc (1) to

adjust the play.
★ Play of lever: Max. 3 mm (at center of lever
knob)
★ If locknut (2) is tightened, the play of the le-
ver is reduced a little. Accordingly, count in
the reduction of the play when adjusting.
3. Fix disc (1) and tighten locknut (2) to the speci-

fied torque.
3 Locknut:
112.5 ± 14.5 Nm {11.5 ± 1.5 kgm}
20-138 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING PARKING BRAKE
PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING PARKING BRAKE

★ If the parking brake of the travel motor cannot be 4) Remove oil pressure pickup plug (7)
released and the machine needs to be towed, re- (Thread dia. = 10 mm, Pitch = 1.25 mm) and
lease it according to the following procedure. install nipple C3 of oil pressure gauge kit C.
★ Connect a special pump assembly to the towing
machine and release the parking brake with the
oil pressure of the pump.
1. Connecting pump assembly

k Apply blocks to the tracks of the machine so
that the machine will not move.
2) Loosen locknuts (1) and (2) of the towing
valves (3) on the HST pump, then loosen
valves (3) by "2 turns".
★ Tighten the locknuts lightly.
3) Remove lock pin (5) of bypass valve (4) and

turn lever (6) downward until it stops (to the
full open position).
★ Take care not to let the pin fall.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-139
TESTING AND ADJUSTING PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING PARKING BRAKE
5) Install hose and pressure gauge to

the pump assembly S for releasing the park-
ing brake, then connect hose to nipple
C3.
6) Releasing parking brake and towing
1) Watching the oil pressure gauge of the
pump assembly S for releasing the
parking brake, operate lever and
adjust relief valve so that the oil
pressure will be "2.7 – 3.1 MPa {28 – 32
kg/cm2}".
★ If the oil pressure exceeds "3.1 MPa {32
kg/cm 2}", the component parts of the
brake may be damaged. If the oil pres-
sure is below "1.5 MPa {15 kg/cm2}", the
parking brake is not released complete-
ly. Accordingly, be sure to keep the oil
pressure at "1.5 – 3.1 MPa {15 – 32 kg/
cm2}".
2) The parking brake is released by the above

operation. Remove the blocks from the
tracks and tow the machine at speed below
2 km/h.
★ Observe the oil pressure gauge of the pump
assembly while towing the machine. If the
gauge pressure lowers to "1.5 MPa {15 kg/
cm2}", stop towing and heighten the oil pres-
sure to the specified level.
3) After finishing towing, disconnect hydraulic
hose of the pump assembly S and
replace nipple C3 with plug (7) and return
lever (6) of bypass valve (4) to the original
position and secure it with lock pin (5).
4) Tighten 2 towing valves (3) of the HST
pump and tighten locknuts (2) and (1).
3 Valve:
24.5 – 34.5 Nm {2.5 – 3.5 kgm}
Locknut:
24.5 – 34.5 Nm {2.5 – 3.5 kgm}
20-140 D31/37EX,PX-21
TROUBLESHOOTING
POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN TROUBLESHOOTING ..........................................................................20-202

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................20-203
HANDLING OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT AND HYDRAULIC COMPONENT ............................................20-204
CHECKS BEFORE TROUBLESHOOTING.................................................................................................20-212
METHOD OF USING TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS..............................................................................20-213
TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF CONNECTORS ..........................................................................................20-214
CONNECTOR ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM...............................................................................................20-216
CONNECTION TABLE FOR CONNECTOR PIN NUMBERS......................................................................20-218
T- BRANCH BOX AND T- BRANCH ADAPTER TABLE..............................................................................20-254
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (E-MODE) ...............................................................20-301

TROUBLESHOOTING FOR HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL SYSTEM (H-MODE) ...............................20-401
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR MACHINE MONITOR SYSTEM (M-MODE) ..................................................20-501
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR ENGINE SYSTEM (S-MODE) .......................................................................20-601
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-201
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN TROUBLESHOOTING
POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN TROUBLESHOOTING

k Stop the machine in a level place, and check that the safety pin, blocks, and parking brake are securely fitted.
k When carrying out the operation with two or more workers, keep strictly to the agreed signals, and do not
allow any unauthorized person to come near.
k If the radiator cap is removed when the engine is hot, hot water may spurt out and cause burns, so wait for
the engine to cool down before starting troubleshooting.
k Be extremely careful not to touch any hot parts or to get caught in any rotating parts.
k When disconnecting wiring, always disconnect the negative (–) terminal of the battery first.
k When removing the plug or cap from a location which is under pressure from oil, water, or air, always release
the internal pressure first. When installing measuring equipment, be sure to connect it properly.
The aim of troubleshooting is to pinpoint the basic cause of the failure, to carry out repairs swiftly, and to
prevent reoccurrence of the failure.
When carrying out troubleshooting, and important point is of course to understand the structure and func-
tion.
However, a short cut to effective troubleshooting is to ask the operator various questions to form some idea
of possible causes of the failure that would produce the reported symptoms.
1. When carrying out troubleshooting, do not hurry 5) Other maintenance items can be checked
to disassemble the components. externally, so check any item that is consid-
If components are disassembled immediately ered to be necessary.
any failure occurs:
• Parts that have no connection with the failure 4. Confirming failure
or other unnecessary parts will be disassem- • Confirm the extent of the failure yourself, and
bled. judge whether to handle it as a real failure or
• It will become impossible to find the cause of as a problem with the method of operation,
the failure. etc.
It will also cause a waste of manhours, parts, or ★ When operating the machine to reenact
oil or grease, and at the same time, will also lose the troubleshooting symptoms, do not
the confidence of the user or operator. carry out any investigation or measure-
For this reason, when carrying out troubleshoot- ment that may make the problem worse.
ing, it is necessary to carry out thorough prior
investigation and to carry out troubleshooting in 5. Troubleshooting
accordance with the fixed procedure. • Use the results of the investigation and in-
spection in Items 2 – 4 to narrow down the
2. Points to ask user or operator causes of failure, then use the troubleshoot-
1) Have any other problems occurred apart ing flowchart to locate the position of the fail-
from the problem that has been reported? ure exactly.
2) Was there anything strange about the ★ The basic procedure for troubleshooting
machine before the failure occurred? is as follows.
3) Did the failure occur suddenly, or were there 1) Start from the simple points.
problems with the machine condition before 2) Start from the most likely points.
this? 3) Investigate other related parts or
4) Under what conditions did the failure occur? information.
5) Had any repairs been carried out before the
failure? 6. Measures to remove root cause of failure
When were these repairs carried out? • Even if the failure is repaired, if the root
6) Has the same kind of failure occurred cause of the failure is not repaired, the same
before? failure will occur again.
To prevent this, always investigate why the
3. Check before troubleshooting problem occurred. Then, remove the root
1) Check the oil level cause.
2) Check for any external leakage of oil from
the piping or hydraulic equipment.
3) Check the travel of the control levers.
4) Check the stroke of the control valve spool.
20-202 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN TROUBLESHOOTING
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN TROUBLESHOOTING
Office, shop Jobsite
Step 1
Examination, confirmation of symptoms
1) When a request for repairs is
received, first ask the following
points.
Name of customer
Type, serial number of machine
Details of jobsite, etc.
2) Ask questions to gain an outline of the
problem.
Condition of failure
Work being carried out at the time of the failure
Operating environment
Past history, details of maintenance, etc.
Step 2
Determining probable location of cause
1) Look at the troubleshooting section of
the shop manual to find locations of
possible causes.
Step 3
Preparation of troubleshooting tools
1) Look at the table of troubleshooting
tools in the shop manual and prepare Step 7
the necessary tools. Pinpoint locations of failure
T-adapter (carry out troubleshooting)
Hydraulic pressure gauge kit, etc. Decide action to take
2) Look in the parts book and prepare
1) Before starting troubleshooting,
the necessary replacement parts.
locate and repair simple failures.
Check before starting items
Other check items
2) See the Troubleshooting Section of
the shop manual, select a
troubleshooting flowchart that matches
the symptoms, and carry out troubleshooting.
Step 6
Re-enacting failure
Drive and operate the machine to confirm
the condition and judge if there is really a
failure.
Step 7
Step 4 Ask operator questions to confirm
Go to jobsite details of failure.
Was there anything strange about
the machine before the failure occurred?
Did the failure occur suddenly?
Had any repairs been carried out
before the failure?
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-203
TESTING AND ADJUSTING HANDLING OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT AND HYDRAULIC COMPONENT
HANDLING OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT AND HYDRAULIC

COMPONENT
To maintain the performance of the machine over a long period, and to prevent failures or other troubles before
they occur, correct “operation“, “maintenance and inspection“, “troubleshooting“, and “repairs” must be carried
out. This section deals particularly with correct repair procedures for mechatronics and is aimed at improving
the quality of repairs. For this purpose, it gives sections on “Handling electric equipment” and “Handling hydrau-
lic equipment” (particularly gear oil and hydraulic oil).
Points to remember when handling electric

equipment
1. Handling wiring harnesses and connectors
Wiring harnesses consist of wiring connecting
one component to another component, connec-
tors used for connecting and disconnecting one
wire from another wire, and protectors or tubes
used for protecting the wiring.
Compared with other electrical components fit-
ted in boxes or cases, wiring harnesses are
more likely to be affected by the direct effects of
rain, water, heat, or vibration. Furthermore, dur-
ing inspection and repair operations, they are
frequently removed and installed again, so they
are likely to suffer deformation or damage. For
this reason, it is necessary to be extremely
careful when handling wiring harnesses.
2. Main failures occurring in wiring harness

1) Defective contact of connectors (defective
contact between male and female)
Problems with defective contact are likely
to occur because the male connector is not
properly inserted into the female connector,
or because one or both of the connectors is
deformed or the position is not correctly
aligned, or because there is corrosion or
oxidization of the contact surfaces. The
corroded or oxidized contact surfaces may
become shiny again (and contact may
become normal) by connecting and discon-
necting the connector about 10 times.
2) Defective crimping or soldering of connec-

tors
The pins of the male and female connec-
tors are in contact at the crimped terminal
or soldered portion, but if there is excessive
force brought to bear on the wiring, the
plating at the joint will peel and cause
improper connection or breakage.
20-204 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
3) Disconnections in wiring
If the wiring is held and the connectors are
pulled apart, or components are lifted with
a crane with the wiring still connected, or a
heavy object hits the wiring, the crimping of
the connector may separate, or the solder-
ing may be damaged, or the wiring may be
broken.
4) High-pressure water entering connector

The connector is designed to make it diffi-
cult for water to enter (drip-proof structure),
but if high-pressure water is sprayed
directly on the connector, water may enter
the connector, depending on the direction
of the water jet. Accordingly, take care not
to splash water over the connector. The
connector is designed to prevent water
from entering, but at the same time, if water
does enter, it is difficult for it to be drained.
Therefore, if water should get into the con-
nector, the pins will be short-circuited by
the water, so if any water gets in, immedi-
ately dry the connector or take other appro-
priate action before passing electricity
through it.
5) Oil or dirt stuck to connector

If oil or grease are stuck to the connector
and an oil film is formed on the mating sur-
face between the male and female pins,
the oil will not let the electricity pass, so
there will be defective contact. If there is oil
or grease stuck to the connector, wipe it off
with a dry cloth or blow it dry with com-
pressed air and spray it with a contact
restorer.
★ When wiping the mating portion of the
connector, be careful not to use exces-
sive force or deform the pins.
★ If there is oil or water in the com-
pressed air, the contacts will become
even dirtier, so remove the oil and wa-
ter from the compressed air completely
before cleaning with compressed air.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-205
(8)
3. Removing, installing, and drying connectors

and wiring harnesses
1) Disconnecting connectors
1] Hold the connectors when disconnect-
ing.
When disconnecting the connectors,
hold the connectors. For connectors
held by a screw, loosen the screw fully,
then hold the male and female con-
nectors in each hand and pull apart.
For connectors which have a lock
stopper, press down the stopper with
your thumb and pull the connectors
apart.
★ Never pull with one hand.
2] When removing from clips

• Both of the connector and clip have
stoppers, which are engaged with each
other when the connector is installed.
• When removing a connector from a

clip, pull the connector in a parallel di-
rection to the clip for removing stop-
pers.
★ If the connector is twisted up and
down or to the left or right, the
housing may break.
3] Action to take after removing connec-

tors
After removing any connector, cover it
with a vinyl bag to prevent any dust,
dirt, oil, or water from getting in the
connector portion.
★ If the machine is left disassembled
for a long time, it is particularly
easy for improper contact to occur,
so always cover the connector.
20-206 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
2) Connecting connectors
1] Check the connector visually.
Check that there is no oil, dirt, or water
stuck to the connector pins (mating
portion).
Check that there is no deformation,
defective contact, corrosion, or dam-
age to the connector pins.
Check that there is no damage or
breakage to the outside of the connec-
tor.
★ If there is any oil, water, or dirt
stuck to the connector, wipe it off
with a dry cloth. If any water has
got inside the connector, warm the
inside of the wiring with a dryer,
but be careful not to make it too
hot as this will cause short circuits.
★ If there is any damage or break-
age, replace the connector.
2] Fix the connector securely.
Align the position of the connector cor-
rectly, and then insert it securely. For
connectors with the lock stopper, push
in the connector until the stopper clicks
into position.
3] Correct any protrusion of the boot and
any misalignment of the wiring har-
ness.
For connectors fitted with boots, cor-
rect any protrusion of the boot. In addi-
tion, if the wiring harness is
misaligned, or the clamp is out of posi-
tion, adjust it to its correct position.
★ If the connector cannot be correct-
ed easily, remove the clamp and
adjust the position.
• If the connector clamp has been
removed, be sure to return it to its
original position. Check also that
there are no loose clamps.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-207
(8)
3) Heavy duty wire connector (DT 8-pole, 12- • Disconnection • Connection (Example of
pole) incomplete setting of (a))
Disconnection (Left of figure)
While pressing both sides of locks (a)
and (b), pull out female connector (2).
Connection (Right of figure)
1] Push in female connector (2) horizon-
tally until the lock clicks.
Arrow: 1)
2] Since locks (a) and (b) may not be set
completely, push in female connector
(2) while moving it up and down until
the locks are set normally.
Arrow: 1), 2), 3)
★ Right of figure: Lock (a) is pulled
down (not set completely) and lock
(b) is set completely.
(1): Male connector
(2): Female connector
(a), (b): Locks
20-208 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
4) Drying wiring harness

If there is any oil or dirt on the wiring har-
ness, wipe it off with a dry cloth. Avoid
washing it in water or using steam. If the
connector must be washed in water, do not
use high-pressure water or steam directly
on the wiring harness. If water gets directly
on the connector, do as follows.
1] Disconnect the connector and wipe off
the water with a dry cloth.
★ If the connector is blown dry with
compressed air, there is the risk
that oil in the air may cause defec-
tive contact, so remove all oil and
water from the compressed air be-
fore blowing with air.
2] Dry the inside of the connector with a
dryer.
If water gets inside the connector, use
a dryer to dry the connector.
★ Hot air from the dryer can be used,
but regulate the time that the hot
air is used in order not to make the
connector or related parts too hot,
as this will cause deformation or
damage to the connector.
3] Carry out a continuity test on the con-
nector.
After drying, leave the wiring harness
disconnected and carry out a continu-
ity test to check for any short circuits
between pins caused by water.
★ After completely drying the con-
nector, blow it with contact restorer
and reassemble.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-209
(8)
4. Handling controller
1) The controller contains a microcomputer
and electronic control circuits. These con-
trol all of the electronic circuits on the
machine, so be extremely careful when
handling the controller.
2) Do not place objects on top of the control-
ler.
3) Cover the control connectors with tape or a
vinyl bag. Never touch the connector con-
tacts with your hand.
4) During rainy weather, do not leave the con-
troller in a place where it is exposed to rain.
5) Do not place the controller on oil, water, or
soil, or in any hot place, even for a short
time. (Place it on a suitable dry stand).
6) Precautions when carrying out arc welding
When carrying out arc welding on the body,
disconnect all wiring harness connectors
connected to the controller. Fit an arc weld-
ing ground close to the welding point.
5. Points to remember when troubleshooting

electric circuits
1) Always turn the power OFF before discon-
necting or connecting connectors.
2) Before carrying out troubleshooting, check
that all the related connectors are properly
inserted.
★ Disconnect and connect the related
connectors several times to check.
3) Always connect any disconnected connec-
tors before going on to the next step.
★ If the power is turned ON with the con-
nectors still disconnected, unneces-
sary abnormality displays will be
generated.
4) When carrying out troubleshooting of cir-
cuits (measuring the voltage, resistance,
continuity, or current), move the related wir-
ing and connectors several times and
check that there is no change in the read-
ing of the tester.
★ If there is any change, there is probably
defective contact in that circuit.
20-210 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
Points to remember when handling hydraulic equipment

With the increase in pressure and precision of hydraulic equipment, the most common cause of failure is dirt
(foreign material) in the hydraulic circuit. When adding hydraulic oil, or when disassembling or assembling
hydraulic equipment, it is necessary to be particularly careful.
1. Be careful of the operating environment.

Avoid adding hydraulic oil, replacing filters, or
repairing the machine in rain or high winds, or
places where there is a lot of dust.
2. Disassembly and maintenance work in the

field
If disassembly or maintenance work is carried
out on hydraulic equipment in the field, there is
danger of dust entering the equipment. It is also
difficult to check the performance after repairs,
so it is desirable to use unit exchange. Disas-
sembly and maintenance of hydraulic equip-
ment should be carried out in a specially
prepared dustproof workshop, and the perfor-
mance should be checked with special test
equipment.
3. Sealing openings
After any piping or equipment is removed, the
openings should be sealed with caps, tapes, or
vinyl bags to prevent any dirt or dust from enter-
ing. If the opening is left open or is blocked with
a rag, there is danger of dirt entering or of the
surrounding area being made dirty by leaking oil
so never do this. Do not simply drain oil out onto
the ground, but collect it and ask the customer
to dispose of it, or take it back with you for dis-
posal.
4. Do not let any dirt or dust get in during refill-

ing operations
Be careful not to let any dirt or dust get in when
refilling with hydraulic oil. Always keep the oil
filler and the area around it clean, and also use
clean pumps and oil containers. If an oil clean-
ing device is used, it is possible to filter out the
dirt that has collected during storage, so this is
an even more effective method.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-211
(8)
5. Change hydraulic oil when the temperature

is high
When hydraulic oil or other oil is warm, it flows
easily. In addition, the sludge can also be
drained out easily from the circuit together with
the oil, so it is best to change the oil when it is
still warm. When changing the oil, as much as
possible of the old hydraulic oil must be drained
out. (Drain the oil from the hydraulic tank; also
drain the oil from the filter and from the drain
plug in the circuit.) If any old oil is left, the con-
taminants and sludge in it will mix with the new
oil and will shorten the life of the hydraulic oil.
6. Flushing operations
After disassembling and assembling the equip-
ment, or changing the oil, use flushing oil to
remove the contaminants, sludge, and old oil
from the hydraulic circuit. Normally, flushing is
carried out twice: primary flushing is carried out
with flushing oil, and secondary flushing is car-
ried out with the specified hydraulic oil.
7. Cleaning operations
After repairing the hydraulic equipment (pump,
contro l valve, et c.) or when running the
machine, carry out oil cleaning to remove the
sludge or contaminants in the hydraulic oil cir-
cuit. The oil cleaning equipment is used to
remove the ultra fine (about 3 m) particles that
the filter built in the hydraulic equipment cannot
remove, so it is an extremely effective device.
20-211-1 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING CHECKS BEFORE TROUBLESHOOTING
CHECKS BEFORE TROUBLESHOOTING
Judgement
Item Action
value
1. Check fuel level, type of fuel — Add fuel
2. Check for impurities in fuel — Clean, drain
Lubricating oil,
3. Check hydraulic oil level — Add oil

coolant
4. Check engine oil level (oil pan oil level), type of oil — Add oil
5. Check coolant level — Add water
6. Check dust indicator for clogging — Clean or replace
7. Check hydraulic filter and charge filter — Replace
8. Check for looseness, corrosion of battery terminal, wiring — Tighten or replace
mechanical equipment
Hydraulic, Electrical
9. Check for looseness, corrosion of alternator terminal, wiring — Tighten or replace

10. Check for looseness, corrosion of starting motor terminal, wiring — Tighten or replace
11. Check for abnormal noise, smell — Repair

equipment
12. Check for oil leakage — Repair

13. Carry out air bleeding — Bleed air
14. Check battery voltage (engine stopped) 20 – 30V Replace
15. Check battery electrolyte level — Add or replace
16. Check for discolored, burnt, exposed wiring — Replace
Electrics, electrical equipment
17. Check for missing wiring clamps, hanging wiring — Repair

18. Check for water leaking on wiring (be particularly careful attention — Disconnect
to water leaking on connectors or terminals) connector and dry
19. Check for blown, corroded fuses — Replace
After
20. Check alternator voltage (engine running at 1/2 throttle or above) Replace
running for
several
minutes :
27.5 – 29.5V
21. Check operating sound of battery (when switch is turned ON/ — Replace
OFF)
20-212 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING METHOD OF USING TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS
METHOD OF USING TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS

1. Category of troubleshooting code number
Troubleshooting Code No. Component

E-OO Troubleshooting of electrical system
H-OO Troubleshooting of hydraulic, mechanical system
M-OO Troubleshooting of machine monitor system
2. Method of using YES/NO troubleshooting flowchart

1) Troubleshooting code number and problem
The title at the top of the troubleshooting chart gives the failure code and problem with the machine.
Example: M-13 Abnormality in buzzer
2) General precautions
When carrying out troubleshooting, precautions are given at the top of the page under the title and
marked with ★.
The common precautions are marked ★ in the Contents, so they must always be followed checked
before carrying out the troubleshooting.
Example: ★ Before carrying out troubleshooting, check that all the related connectors are properly
inserted.
★ Always connect any disconnected connectors before going on the next step.
3) Distinguishing conditions
Even with the same problem, the method of troubleshooting may differ according to the model, compo-
nent, or problem. In such cases, the failure mode is further divided into sections marked with small let-
ters (for example, a)), so go to the appropriate section to carry out troubleshooting.
If the troubleshooting table is not divided into sections, start troubleshooting from the first check item in
the flowchart.
Example: a) When starting switch is turned ON (3 sec), buzzer does not sound
b) Buzzer always sounds
4) Method of following troubleshooting chart
NO
• Check or measure the item inside YES
, and according to the answer follow either the YES
line or the NO line to go to the next .
(Note: The number written at the top right corner of the is an index number; it does not indi-
cate the order to follow.)
• Following the YES or NO lines according to the results of the check or measurement will lead finally
to the Cause box. Check the cause and take the action given in the Remedy box on the right.
• To the left of the there is (a box formed by a broken line). This contains the methods
for inspection or measurement, and the judgement values.
If the judgement values to the left of the are correct or the answer to the question inside the
is YES, follow the YES line; if the judgement value is not correct, or the answer to the ques-
tion is NO, follow the NO line.
• The gives the preparatory work needed for inspection and measurement, and the judgement
values. If this preparatory work is neglected, or the method of operation or handling is mistaken,
there is danger that it may cause mistaken judgment, or the equipment may be damaged. Therefore,
before starting inspection or measurement, always read the instructions carefully, and start the work
in order from the first item.
5) Position of installation, pin number
For details of the connector pin number and check and measurement locations of the connector pin
numbers appearing in the flowchart, see CONNECTOR TYPE AND MOUNTING LOCATION.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-213
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF CONNECTORS
TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF CONNECTORS
Con- Num- Con- Num-

Add- Add-
nector Type ber of Location ress
No. pins No. pins
CN1 DT 2 Intermediate connector B-4 CN62 KES 2 Rear washer (Cab specification) J-1
CN2 DT 4 Intermediate connector B-3 CN63 KES 2 Front washer (Cab specification) I-1
CN3 DT 4 Intermediate connector B-3 CN64 KES 6 Rear wiper switch (Cab specification) G-9
CN4 DT 2 Safety relay D-5 CN65 KES 6 Front wiper switch (Cab specification) G-9
CN5 DT 6 Intermediate connector D-5 CN66 KES 2 Breaker switch (Cab specification) G-9
CN6 DT 4 Intermediate connector (Starting switch) C-5 CN68 SWP 6 Front wiper motor (Cab specification) I-8
CN7 SWP 12 Intermediate connectori (Panel) C-4 CN69 SWP 4 Rear wiper motor (Cab specification) I-8
CN9 DT 4 Intermediate connector D-5 CN70 KES 2 Rear speaker (Left) (Cab specification) J-8
CN10 DT 12 Intermediate connector D-5 CN71 KES 2 Rear speaker (Right) (Cab specification) I-9
CN11 Relay 6 Relay (Backup alarm) F-9 CN72 KES 2 Room lamp (Cab specification) I-9
CN12 DT 2 HST oil temperature sensor J-1 CN73 DT 2 Rear lamp (Cab specification) H-9
CN13 DT 2 Fuel level sensor J-4 CN74 DT 2 Headlamp (Left) (Cab specification) J-7
CN14 DT 3 Intermediate connector J-3 CN75 DT 2 Headlamp (Right) (Cab specification) E-9
CN15 DT 2 Air bleed pump for fuel system J-2 CN76 040 12 Control panel (Cab specification) J-8
CN17 DTHD 1 Auxiliary power supply C-4 CN77 040 16 Control panel (Cab specification) J-8
CN18 DTHD 1 For backup B-4 CN78 — 1 Cigarette lighter (Cab specification) J-5
CN20 DT 2 Engine coolant sensor E-1 CN79 — 1 Cigarette lighter (Cab specification) J-4
CN21 090II 2 Horn B-1 CN80 SWP 16 Air conditioner unit (Cab specification) J-4
CN22 DT 2 Intermediate connector (Horn) B-3 CN81 DT 4 Air conditioner unit (Cab specification) J-3
CN23 X 1 Air conditioner compressor B-2 CN90 KES 4 Car heater (Machine with ROPS) D-7
CN25 DT 3 Brake pedal limit switch G-1 CN92 DT 2 Heater switch (Machine with ROPS) J-5
CN26 DT 3 Neutral safety parking brake I-1 CNT1 Terminal 1 Starting motor terminal B C-1
CN27 DT 6 Intermediate connector (Shift switch) I-1 CNT2 Terminal 1 Starting motor terminal C B-1
CN28 DT 2 Gear shifting solenoid H-1 CNT3 Terminal 1 Safety relay terminal B C-4
CN29 DT 2 Gear shifting solenoid G-1 CNT4 Terminal 1 Safety relay terminal C C-4
CN31 DT 2 Parking brake solenoid G-1 CNT5 Terminal 1 Heater relay terminal S B-2
CN32 DT 12 Gear shift controller H-1 CNT6 Terminal 1 Heater relay terminal L B-2
CN33 DT 4 Intermediate connector J-6 CNT7 Terminal 1 Battery relay terminal B I-1
CN34 Y 2 For power supply of cab J-6 CNT8 Terminal 1 Battery relay terminal M J-4
CN38 C03 3 Gear shift switch J-2 CNT9 Terminal 1 Battery relay terminal (–) J-5
CN39 C03 3 Gear shift switch J-2 CNT11 Terminal 1 Starting motor terminal B C-1
CN40 CN(A) 2 Panel D-7 CNT12 Terminal 1 Heater relay terminal B E-1
CN41 040 16 Panel E-8 CNT13 Terminal 1 Battery relay terminal (+) J-5
CN42 DT 4 Panel (Travel speed indicator lamp) D-8 CNT15 Terminal 1 Alternator terminal B B-3
CN43 KES 3 Lamp switch D-6 CNT16 Terminal 1 Alternator terminal R B-2
CN45 DT 8 Tele-management system D-5 CNT17 Terminal 1 Engine stop solenoid (+) D-1
CN51 DT 2 Headlamp (Right) A-8 CNT18 Terminal 1 Engine stop solenoid (–) E-1
CN52 DT 2 Headlamp (Left) B-5 CNT19 Terminal 1 Engine oil pressure switch E-1
CN53 DT 2 Rear lamp C-9 CNT25 Terminal 1 Starting switch terminal B D-7
CN54 Relay 6 Relay (Headlamp) E-8 CNT26 Terminal 1 Starting switch terminal BR D-7
CN56 DT 2 Backup alarm proximity switch J-1 CNT27 Terminal 1 Starting switch terminal ACC D-7
CN57 Relay 6 Relay (Backup alarm) J-3 CNT28 Terminal 1 Starting switch terminal C D-7
CN58 DT 2 Backup alarm buzzer (Japan) J-4 CNT29 Terminal 1 Starting switch terminal R D-7
CN60 PA 9 Radio (Cab specification) J-7 CNT36 Terminal 1 HST charge filter J-2
CN61 PA 9 Cassette player (Cab specification) J-7 CNT37 Terminal 1 Horn switch F-9
20-214 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF CONNECTORS
Con- Num-
Add-
No. pins
CNT38 Terminal 1 Horn switch F-9

CNT39 Terminal 1 Backup alarm (Overseas) J-3
CNT40 Terminal 1 Backup alarm (Overseas) J-3
CNTH1 L 2 Fusible link J-6
CND1 SWP 2 Battery relay circuit BR E-8
CND2 SWP 2 Alternator circuit R E-8
CND3 SWP 2 Engine stop relay D-1
CND4 SWP 2 Gear shifting solenoid H-1
CND5 SWP 2 Gear shifting solenoid H-1
CND7 SWP 2 Parking brake solenoid G-1
FB1 — Fuse box F-1

FB2 — Fuse box F-1
FB3 — Fuse box (Cab specification) H-9
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-215
TESTING AND ADJUSTING CONNECTOR ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM
CONNECTOR ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM
20-216 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING CONNECTOR ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-217
TESTING AND ADJUSTING CONNECTION TABLE FOR CONNECTOR PIN NUMBERS
CONNECTION TABLE FOR CONNECTOR PIN NUMBERS

(Rev. 2007.10)
★ The terms of male and female refer to the pins, while the terms of male housing and female housing refer to
the mating portion of the housing.
20-218 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-219
(8)
20-220 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-221
(8)
20-222 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-223
(8)
20-224 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-225
(8)
20-226 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-227
(8)
20-228 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-229
(8)
20-230 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-231
(8)
20-232 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-233
(8)
20-234 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-235
(8)
20-236 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-237
(8)
20-238 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-239
(8)
20-240 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-241
(8)
20-242 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-243
(8)
20-244 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-245
(8)
20-246 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-247
(8)
20-248 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-249
(8)
20-250 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-251
(8)
20-252 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-253
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING T- BRANCH BOX AND T- BRANCH ADAPTER TABLE
T- BRANCH BOX AND T- BRANCH ADAPTER TABLE

(Rev. 2007.8)
★ The vertical column indicates a part number of T-branch box or T-branch adapter while the horizontal col-
umn indicates a part number of harness checker assembly.
T-adapter kit
Number of pins
799-601-2500
799-601-2700
799-601-2800
799-601-7000
799-601-7100
799-601-7400
799-601-7500
799-601-8000
799-601-9000
799-601-9100
799-601-9200
799-601-9300
799-601-4101
799-601-4201
Out of kit
Identification
Part No. Part name
symbol
799-601-2600 T-box (for ECONO) 21 q q q q q

799-601-3100 T-box (for MS) 37 q
799-601-3200 T-box (for MS) 37 q
799-601-3380 • Plate for MS (14-pin) q
799-601-3410 Adapter for BENDIX (MS) 24 MS-24P q
799-601-3510 Adapter for BENDIX (MS) 5 MS-5S q
799-601-3470 Case q
799-601-2710 Adapter for MIC 5 MIC-5P q q q
799-601-2720 Adapter for MIC 13 MIC-13P q q q
799-601-2730 Adapter for MIC 17 MIC-17P q q q q q q
799-601-2740 Adapter for MIC 21 MIC-21P q q q q q q
799-601-2950 Adapter for MIC 9 MIC-9P q q q q
799-601-2750 Adapter for ECONO 2 ECONO2P q q
799-601-2810 Adapter for DLI 8 DLI-8P q q
799-601-2840 Extension cable (ECONO type) 12 ECONO12P q q q
799-601-2850 Case q
799-601-4350 T-box (for DRC 60, ECONO) 60 q
799-601-4360 Case q
799-601-7010 Adapter for X (T-adapter) 1 q q
799-601-7020 Adapter for X 2 X2P q q q q
799-601-7050 Adapter for SWP 6 SW6P q q q
799-601-7060 Adapter for SWP 8 SW8P q q q
799-601-7310 Adapter for SWP 12 SW12P q
799-601-7070 Adapter for SWP 14 SW14P q q
799-601-7320 Adapter for SWP 16 SW16P q
799-601-7080 Adapter for M (T-adapter) 1 q q
799-601-7090 Adapter for M 2 M2P q q q q
20-254 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
T-adapter kit
Number of pins
799-601-2500
799-601-2700
799-601-2800
799-601-7000
799-601-7100
799-601-7400
799-601-7500
799-601-8000
799-601-9000
799-601-9100
799-601-9200
799-601-9300
799-601-4101
799-601-4201
Out of kit
Identification
Part No. Part name
symbol

799-601-7340 Adapter for M 8 M8P q
799-601-7140 Adapter for S 8 S8P q q q q
799-601-7150 Adapter for S (White) 10 S10P q q q q
799-601-7160 Adapter for S (Blue) 12 S12P q q q
799-601-7170 Adapter for S (Blue) 16 S16P q q q q
799-601-7330 Adapter for S (White) 16 S16PW q
799-601-7350 Adapter for S (White) 12 S12PW q
799-601-7180 Adapter for AMP040 8 A8P q
799-601-7190 Adapter for AMP040 12 A12P q q
799-601-7210 Adapter for AMP040 16 A16P q q q q
799-601-7220 Adapter for AMP040 20 A20P q q q q
799-601-7230 Short connector for X 2 — q q q q
799-601-7240 Case q q
799-601-7270 Case q
799-601-7510 Adapter for 070 10 07-10 q
799-601-7520 Adapter for 070 12 07-12 q
799-601-7530 Adapter for 070 14 07-14 q
799-601-7540 Adapter for 070 18 07-18 q
799-601-7550 Adapter for 070 20 07-20 q
799-601-7360 Adapter for relay 5 REL-5P q
799-601-7370 Adapter for relay 6 REL-6P q
799-601-7380 Adapter for JFC 2 — q
799-601-9010 Adapter for DTM 2 DTM2 q q
799-601-9020 Adapter for DT 2 DT2 q q q q
799-601-9030 Adapter for DT 3 DT3 q q
799-601-9040 Adapter for DT 4 DT4 q q q q
799-601-9050 Adapter for DT 6 DT6 q q
799-601-9060 Adapter for DT (Gray) 8 DT8GR q q
799-601-9070 Adapter for DT (Black) 8 DT8B q q
799-601-9080 Adapter for DT (Green) 8 DT8G q q
799-601-9090 Adapter for DT (Brown) 8 DT8BR q q
799-601-9110 Adapter for DT (Gray) 12 DT12GR q q
799-601-9120 Adapter for DT (Black) 12 DT12B q q
799-601-9130 Adapter for DT (Green) 12 DT12G q q
799-601-9140 Adapter for DT (Brown) 12 DT12BR q q
799-601-9210 Adapter for HD30-18 8 D18-8 q q
799-601-9310 Plate for HD30 (24-pin) q q q
799-601-9320 T-box (for ECONO) 24 q q q
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-255
(8)
T-adapter kit
Number of pins
799-601-2500
799-601-2700
799-601-2800
799-601-7000
799-601-7100
799-601-7400
799-601-7500
799-601-8000
799-601-9000
799-601-9100
799-601-9200
799-601-9300
799-601-4101
799-601-4201
Out of kit
Identification
Part No. Part name
symbol
799-601-9330 Case q
799-601-9340 Case q
799-601-9350 Adapter for DRC 40 DRC-40 q
799-601-9360 Adapter for DRC 24 DRC-24 q
799-601-9410* Socket for engine (CRI-T2) 2 G q
Adapter for engine (CRI-T2)
799-601-9420 Adapter for engine (CRI-T3) PFUEL 3 A3 q q
Oil pressure sensor
Socket for engine (CRI-T2)
799-601-9430* 2 P q q
Socket for engine (CRI-T3) PCV
799-601-9440* Socket for engine (CRI-T2) 3 1,2,3 q
795-799-5520* Socket for engine (HPI-T2) 2 S q
Socket for engine (HPI-T2)
795-799-5530* Socket for engine (CRI-T3) 2 C q q
Temperature sensor
Socket for engine (HPI-T2)
795-799-5540* 2 A q q
Socket for engine (CRI-T3) TIM
795-799-5460 Cable for engine (HPI-T2) 3 — q
799-601-4110 Adapter for engine (140-T3) PIM 4 ITT3N q q
799-601-4130 Adapter for engine (CRI-T3) NE, CAM 3 FCIN q q
799-601-4140 3 FCIG q q
Atomosphere pressure
799-601-4150 Adapter for engine (CRI-T3) POIL 3 FCIB q q
799-601-4160 2 4160 q q
Oil pressure switch
799-601-4180 Adapter for engine (CRI-T3) PEVA 3 4180 q q
799-601-4190* 3 1,2,3L q q
Commonrail pressure
799-601-4230* 4 1,2,3,4C q q
Air intake pressure/temperature
799-601-4240* Socket for engine (CRI-T3) PAMB 3 1,2,3A q q
799-601-4250* Socket for engine (CRI-T3) PIM 3 1,2,3B q q
799-601-4330* Socket for engine (CRI-T3) G 3 1,2,3,G q q
799-601-4340* 2 2,PA q q
Pump actuator
Socket for engine (CRI-T3)(95)
799-601-4380* 4 1,2,3,4T q
Air intake pressure/temperature
799-601-4260 Adapter for controller (ENG) 4 DTP4 q q
799-601-4211 Adapter for controller (ENG) 50 DRC50 q
799-601-4220 Adapter for controller (ENG) 60 DRC60 q
799-601-4390* Socket for controller (95 ENG) 60 — q
799-601-4280 Box for controller (PUMP) 121 — q
799-601-9720 Adapter for controller (HST) 16 HST16A q
799-601-9710 Adapter for controller (HST) 16 HST16B q
799-601-9730 Adapter for controller (HST) 26 HST26A q
2,
Multi-adapter for
799-601-9890 3, — q
DT2 – 4 and DTM2
4,
“*” Shows not T-adapter but socket.
20-256 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (E-MODE)
TABLE OF FAILURE MODES AND CAUSES (ELECTRICAL SYSTEM)....................................................20-302

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM..........................................................................20-304
E-1. When starting switch is turned on, starting motor does not rotate .......................................................20-306
E-2. Engine does not start (Engine stop solenoid does not operate normally)............................................20-308
E-3. Headlamp does not light up .................................................................................................................20-309
E-4. When starting switch is turned to HEAT position, engine is not heated ...............................................20- 311
E-5. Windshield wiper does not operate......................................................................................................20-312
E-6. Washing water does not spout.............................................................................................................20-314
E-7. Air conditioner does not work...............................................................................................................20-316
a) Air does not blow out ........................................................................................................................20-316
b) Air is not cooled ................................................................................................................................20-319
E-8. Parking brake cannot be released (Parking brake solenoid does not operate) ...................................20-323
E-9. Travel speed control is abnormal .........................................................................................................20-324
a) When gear shift switch is pressed, gear speed does not change or
gear speed changes by itself (Gear shift switch or controller is abnormal) ....................................20-324
b) Gear speed cannot be selected normally (Travel speed changeover solenoid is abnormal) ...........20-325
E-10. Backup alarm does not sound during reverse travel..........................................................................20-327
E-11. Horn does not sound..........................................................................................................................20-329
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that all the related connectors are properly connected.
★ Always connect any disconnected connectors before going on to the next step.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-301
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TABLE OF FAILURE MODES AND CAUSES (ELECTRICAL SYSTEM)
TABLE OF FAILURE MODES AND CAUSES

(ELECTRICAL SYSTEM)
20-302 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING TABLE OF FAILURE MODES AND CAUSES (ELECTRICAL SYSTEM)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-303
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM
20-304 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-305
TESTING AND ADJUSTING E-1
E-1. When starting switch is turned on, starting motor does not rotate
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that fuses FB1 No. 3 and FB2 No. 5 and fusible links CNH1
and H2 are normal.
20-306 D31/37EX,PX-21
Note 1) This may be checked by testing if the lamp lights up or if the horn sounds normally.
E-1. Related electrical circuit diagram
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-307
E-2. Engine does not start (Engine stop solenoid does not operate normally)
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when the starting motor rotates normally.
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that fuse FB1 No. 5 is normal.
20-308 D31/37EX,PX-21
E-3. Headlamp does not light up
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when breakage of the bulb, etc. is not detected by visual inspection.
(If breakage of the bulb is detected, replace the bulb.)
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that fusible link CNH2 and fuse FB1 No. 1 are normal.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-309
20-310 D31/37EX,PX-21
E-4. When starting switch is turned to HEAT position, engine is not heated
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that fusible link H1 and fuse FB2 No. 5 are normal.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-311
E-5. Windshield wiper does not operate
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when the battery is normal.

★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that the respective fuses and circuit breaker switches for the
windshield wipers are normal.
Note 1) If the circuit of the lamp (headlamp or rear lamp) or horn is normal, this may be checked by testing if the
lamp lights up or if the horn sounds normally.
Note 2) This troubleshooting is explained by using the rear wiper as an example. For the connector Nos. corre-
sponding to the front wiper, see Table 1.
20-312 D31/37EX,PX-21
Table 1
Wiper name Rear wiper Front wiper
CN64 CN65
Connector No.
CN69 CN68
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-313
E-6. Washing water does not spout
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when the battery is normal.

★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that the respective fuses for the windshield wipers are normal.
Note 1) If the circuit of the lamp (headlamp or rear lamp) or horn is normal, this may be checked by testing if the
lamp lights up or if the horn sounds normally.
Note 2) This troubleshooting is explained by using the left washer as an example. For the connector Nos. cor-
responding to CN11 on the cab side of another washer, see below.
Wiper name Rear washer Front washer

CN64 CN65
Connector No.
CN62 CN63
20-314 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-315
E-7. Air conditioner does not work
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when the battery and battery relay are normal.
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check that fuse (FB2) No. 3 is normal.
a) Air does not blow out
20-316 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-317
20-318 D31/37EX,PX-21
b) Air is not cooled
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-319
20-320 D31/37EX,PX-21
Table 1 Specifications of pressure switch

Pressure specifications of triple pressure switch (443440-005*)
High/Low pressure side
Operating procedure
Medium pressure side
Airtightness pressure 3.53MPa {36.0kg/cm2}

Pressure resistance 5.30MPa {54.0kg/cm2}
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-321
20-322 D31/37EX,PX-21
E-8. Parking brake cannot be released (Parking brake solenoid does not operate)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-323
E-9. Travel speed control is abnormal
★ If only display of the gear speed on the monitor panel is abnormal, go to M-10.
a) When gear shift switch is pressed, gear speed does not change or gear speed changes by itself
(Gear shift switch or controller is abnormal)
Table 1 Table 2 Connection table of pins of CN27 and CN32
Connector Shift-up switch Shift-down switch Connector on shift Connector on shift con-
and pin No. Push Release Push Release switch side and pin No. troller side and pin No.
(1) { (1) (3)
(2) { { (3) (4)

CN27 CN32
(3) { (4) (5)
CN27 (6) (6)
(4) {
(5) { {
(6) {
20-324 D31/37EX,PX-21
b) Gear speed cannot be selected normally (Travel speed changeover solenoid is abnormal)
Table 1
1st gear 2nd gear 3rd gear
Between CN28 (1) – Chassis ground Max. 1 V 20V – 30V Max. 1 V
Between CN29 (1) – Chassis ground Max. 1 V Max. 1 V 20V – 30V
When starting switch is turned ON, gear speed is set to "1st".
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-325
20-326 D31/37EX,PX-21
E-10. Backup alarm does not sound during reverse travel
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, adjust the proximity switch (See TESTING AND ADJUSTING).
Table 1 Voltage when proximity switch is turned ON and OFF

Forward, Neutral Reverse
Between CN57 (1) – (2) Max. 1 V 20V – 30V ←Note that voltage difference is shown.
Between CN58 (1) (T39)
Max. 1 V 20V – 30V
– Chassis ground
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-327
20-328 D31/37EX,PX-21
E-11. Horn does not sound
E-11 Electric circuit diagram for each system
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-329
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR
HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL
SYSTEM (H-MODE)
Table of failure modes and causes (Hydraulic and mechanical systems) ...................................................20-402
H-1. Machine does not travel in either direction or it stops suddenly ..........................................................20-404
H-2. Machine does not travel in one direction .............................................................................................20-405
H-3. Machine travels while travel lever is in neutral ....................................................................................20-405
H-5. Machine deviates while travel lever is in partial position .....................................................................20-405
H-7. Machine swings momentarily when it starts on flat ground .................................................................20-405
H-11. Turning time lag is large.....................................................................................................................20-405
H-12. When operator intends to turn gradually, machine turns sharply.......................................................20-405
H-13. Machine does not return quickly to straight travel position ................................................................20-405
H-14. Machine is not decelerated smoothly or travel speed cannot be controlled on downhill ground .......20-405
H-15. Machine deviates when it is decelerated ...........................................................................................20-405
H-4. Machine deviates when travel lever is moved to stroke end ...............................................................20-406
H-6. Machine moves back when operator starts on uphill ground...............................................................20-406
H-8. Machine starts sharply.........................................................................................................................20-406
H-10. Starting time lag is large ....................................................................................................................20-408
H-16. Maximum travel speed is low or output power is insufficient or acceleration is low...........................20-409
H-17. Engine stalls ......................................................................................................................................20-410
H-18. HST noise is large .............................................................................................................................20- 411
H-19. HST oil temperature rises too high ....................................................................................................20-412
H-20. Gear speed does not change ............................................................................................................20-412
H-21. Abnormal sound is heard from around work equipment pump or HST pump....................................20-413
H-22. Any work equipment does not move..................................................................................................20-413
H-23. Speed or power of each work equipment is low ................................................................................20-414
H-24. Speed or power of blade lift of blade tilt cylinder is low .....................................................................20-414
H-25. Speed or power of blade angle cylinder is low ..................................................................................20-415
H-26. Hydraulic drift of blade lift cylinder is large ........................................................................................20-416
H-27. Hydraulic drift of blade tilt cylinder is large ........................................................................................20-416
H-28. Hydraulic drift of blade angle cylinder is large ...................................................................................20-417
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-401
TESTING AND ADJUSTING (HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
TABLE OF FAILURE MODES AND CAUSES (HYDRAULIC AND

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
20-402 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING (HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-403
TESTING AND ADJUSTING H-1
H-1. Machine does not travel in either direction or it stops suddenly
★ Before carrying out the troubleshooting, check the oil level in the hydraulic tank.
★ Check the electric system first. If it is normal, carry out the following troubleshooting.
Table 1 AS pressure
Operation of brake Oil pressure
Engine speed (rpm)
pedal MPa {kg/cm2}
1,100 Released 0.29 – 0.78 {3.0 – 8.0}
1,800 Released 1.76 – 2.40 {18 – 24.5}
Full Pressed Max. 0.49 {Max. 5.0}
20-404 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING H-2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
H-2. Machine does not travel in one direction
H-3. Machine travels while travel lever is in neutral
H-5. Machine deviates while travel lever is in partial position
H-7. Machine swings momentarily when it starts on flat ground
H-11. Turning time lag is large
H-12. When operator intends to turn gradually, machine turns sharply
H-13. Machine does not return quickly to straight travel position
H-14. Machine is not decelerated smoothly or travel speed cannot be controlled on

downhill ground
H-15. Machine deviates when it is decelerated
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-405
TESTING AND ADJUSTING H-4, H-6, H-8
H-4. Machine deviates when travel lever is moved to stroke end
H-6. Machine moves back when operator starts on uphill ground
H-8. Machine starts sharply
20-406 D31/37EX,PX-21
H-9. Machine swings momentarily when it starts
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-407
H-10. Starting time lag is large
Table 1 AS pressure
Engine speed (rpm) Operation of brake pedal Oil pressure MPa {kg/cm2}
1,100 Released 0.29 – 0.78 {3.0 – 8.0}
1,800 Released 1.76 – 2.40 {18 – 24.5}
20-408 D31/37EX,PX-21
H-16. Maximum travel speed is low or output power is insufficient or acceleration is

low
Table 1 AS pressure
1,100 Released 0.29 – 0.78 {3.0 – 8.0}
1,800 Released 1.76 – 2.40 {18 – 24.5}
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-409
H-17. Engine stalls
Table 1 AS pressure
1,100 Released 0.29 – 0.78 {3.0 – 8.0}
1,800 Released 1.76 – 2.40 {18 – 24.5}
20-410 D31/37EX,PX-21
H-18. HST noise is large
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-411
TESTING AND ADJUSTING H-19, H-20
H-19. HST oil temperature rises too high
H-20. Gear speed does not change
20-412 D31/37EX,PX-21
H-21. Abnormal sound is heard from around work equipment pump or HST pump
H-22. Any work equipment does not move
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-413
H-23. Speed or power of each work equipment is low
H-24. Speed or power of blade lift of blade tilt cylinder is low
★ Check the blade to see if it has been modified.
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when the angle cylinder is normal.
20-414 D31/37EX,PX-21
H-25. Speed or power of blade angle cylinder is low
★ Check the blade to see if it has been modified.
★ Carry out the following troubleshooting when the boom and tilt cylinders are normal.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-415
H-26. Hydraulic drift of blade lift cylinder is large
H-27. Hydraulic drift of blade tilt cylinder is large
20-416 D31/37EX,PX-21
H-28. Hydraulic drift of blade angle cylinder is large
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-417
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR
MACHINE MONITOR SYSTEM
(M-MODE)
Table of failure modes and causes (Machine monitor system)....................................................................20-502

Electric circuit diagram for each system ......................................................................................................20-504
M-1. When starting switch is turned ON, monitor panel is not turned on ....................................................20-506
M-2. Trouble in preheating caution lamp .....................................................................................................20-507
a) Preheating monitor does not light up ................................................................................................20-507
b) Preheating monitor keeps lighting up ...............................................................................................20-507
M-3. Caution item lights up..........................................................................................................................20-508
a) Charge caution lamp lights up while engine is running.....................................................................20-508
b) Oil pressure caution lamp lights up while engine is running .............................................................20-509
c) HST filter clogging caution lamp lights up (while filter is not clogged) ..............................................20-509
M-4. Trouble in HST oil temperature gauge ................................................................................................20-510
a) Gauge does not rise above C (lowest point).....................................................................................20-510
b) Gauge does not lower below H (Highest point). ...............................................................................20-510
c) HST oil temperature indicated by gauge is different from actual temperature..................................20- 511
M-5. Trouble in engine water temperature gauge........................................................................................20-512
a) Gauge does not rise above C (lowest point).....................................................................................20-512
b) Gauge does not lower below H (Highest point). ...............................................................................20-512
c) Engine water temperature indicated by gauge is different from actual temperature.........................20-513
M-6. Trouble in fuel level gauge ..................................................................................................................20-514
a) Gauge does not rise above E (lowest point).....................................................................................20-514
b) Gauge does not lower below F (Highest point).................................................................................20-514
c) Fuel level indicated by gauge is different from actual level...............................................................20-515
M-7. Service meter does not operate after engine is started.......................................................................20-516
M-8. Monitor panel lamp does not light up (while headlamp is normal) ......................................................20-517
M-9. Trouble in display of travel speed (while actual travel speed is normal) .............................................20-518
a) Travel speed is not displayed ...........................................................................................................20-518
b) Displayed speed is different from actual travel speed ......................................................................20-518
★ Before carrying out troubleshooting, check that all the related connectors are properly inserted.
★ Always connect any disconnected connectors before going on to the next step.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-501
TESTING AND ADJUSTING (MACHINE MONITOR SYSTEM)

(MACHINE MONITOR SYSTEM)
20-502 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM

Monitor system
20-504 D31/37EX,PX-21
TESTING AND ADJUSTING ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH SYSTEM
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-505
TESTING AND ADJUSTING M-1
M-1. When starting switch is turned ON, monitor panel is not turned on
★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that fuse FB1 No. 2 and fusible link H2 are normal.
(If any of them is broken, check for short circuit with chassis ground in wiring harness between CN41 (1) –
CN7 (1) – fuse FB1 No. 2 – fusible link H2.)
★ Check the bulb visually for breakage. (If it is broken, replace it.)
M-1 Related electrical circuit diagram
20-506 D31/37EX,PX-21
M-2. Trouble in preheating caution lamp
(If any of them is broken, check for short circuit with chassis ground in wiring harness between heater relay
terminal T5 (+) – CN2 (3) – CN6 (4) – starting switch terminal R1 and between starting switch terminal B –
CN5 (1) – fuse FB2 No. 5 – fusible link H2.)
a) Preheating monitor does not light up
b) Preheating monitor keeps lighting up
* For the electrical circuit diagram, see the previous page.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-507
M-3. Caution item lights up
a) Charge caution lamp lights up while engine is running
If the result of the continuity check of the engine oil pressure sensor is as follows, the sensor is normal.
Engine oil pressure: Min. 49 kPa {0.5 kg/cm2} There is not continuity
Engine oil pressure sensor
Engine oil pressure: Max. 49 kPa {0.5 kg/cm2} There is continuity
Differential pressure between before and after filter:
There is continuity
Min. 200 kPa {2 kg/cm2}
HST filter clogging sensor
Differential pressure between before and after filter:
There is not continuity
Max. 200 kPa {2 kg/cm2}
20-508 D31/37EX,PX-21
b) Oil pressure caution lamp lights up while engine is running

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the engine oil pressure is normal.
c) HST filter clogging caution lamp lights up (while filter is not clogged)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-509
M-4. Trouble in HST oil temperature gauge
★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the engine oil pressure caution lamp and charge
caution lamp light up when the starting switch is turned on.
a) Gauge does not rise above C (lowest point).

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the temperature of the HST oil (hydraulic oil) is
above 30ºC.
b) Gauge does not lower below H (Highest point).

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the temperature of the HST oil (hydraulic oil) is
below 150ºC.
20-510 D31/37EX,PX-21
c) HST oil temperature indicated by gauge is different from actual temperature
Table HST oil temperature and indication by gauge

HST oil temperature (ºC) Resistance (Ω)
50 ± 0.2 80 ± 10
60 ± 0.2 56.3 ± 3
80 ± 0.2 29.5 ± 2.5
100 ± 0.3 16.5 ± 0.9
106 ± 0.3 14.3 ± 0.5
120 ± 0.3 10 ± 0.3
M4 Related electrical circuit diagram
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-511
M-5. Trouble in engine water temperature gauge
a) Gauge does not rise above C (lowest point).

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the temperature of the engine water is above
52ºC.
b) Gauge does not lower below H (Highest point).

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the temperature of the engine water is below
105ºC.
20-512 D31/37EX,PX-21
c) Engine water temperature indicated by gauge is different from actual temperature
Table Engine water temperature and indication by gauge

HST oil temperature (ºC) Resistance (Ω)
50 ± 0.2 80 ± 10
60 ± 0.2 56.3 ± 3
80 ± 0.2 29.5 ± 2.5
100 ± 0.3 16.5 ± 0.9
106 ± 0.3 14.3 ± 0.5
120 ± 0.3 10 ± 0.3
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-513
M-6. Trouble in fuel level gauge
a) Gauge does not rise above E (lowest point).

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the fuel tank is not empty.
b) Gauge does not lower below F (Highest point).

★ Before carrying out the following troubleshooting, check that the fuel tank is not full.
20-514 D31/37EX,PX-21
c) Fuel level indicated by gauge is different from actual level
Table Fuel level and indication by gauge

Position of sensor float Resistance (Ω)
+1.0
Upper end 10 –0.5
Upper 1/4 (19)
Middle 32 ± 3
Lower 1/4 (49.5)
+12
Lower end 80 +2
★ Values in ( ) are shown for reference.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-515
M-7. Service meter does not operate after engine is started
20-516 D31/37EX,PX-21
M-8. Monitor panel lamp does not light up (while headlamp is normal)
(Carry out the following troubleshooting when the headlamp lights up normally. If the headlamp does
not light up, execute "E-3" first.)
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-517
M-9. Trouble in display of travel speed (while actual travel speed is normal)
a) Travel speed is not displayed
b) Displayed speed is different from actual travel speed
Table 1 Table 2
Connector CN42 1st 2nd 3rd Travel speed
Circuit
Between (1) – (4) 20 –30V Max. 1 V Max. 1 V lamp
Between (2) – (4) Max. 1 V 20 –30V Max. 1 V Between CN42 (female) (1) –
1st
CN32 (female) (8)
Between (3) – (4) Max. 1 V Max. 1 V 20 –30V
Between CN42 (female) (2) –
2nd
CN32 (female) (9)
* When starting switch is turned on (1st gear speed
is selected at first) Between CN42 (female) (3) –
3rd
CN32 (female) (10)
20-518 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-519
TROUBLESHOOTING FOR
ENGINE SYSTEM (S-MODE)
METHOD OF USING TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS..............................................................................20-602

S-1 Starting performance is poor (Starting always takes time) ....................................................................20-606
S-2 Engine does not start ............................................................................................................................20-607
S-3 Engine does not pick up smoothly (Follow-up is poor) .........................................................................20-610
S-4 Engine stops during operations ............................................................................................................20- 611
S-5 Engine does not rotate smoothly (Hunting)...........................................................................................20-612
S-6 Engine lacks output (or lacks power) ....................................................................................................20-613
S-7 Exhaust smoke is black (Incomplete combustion) ................................................................................20-614
S-8 Oil consumption is excessive (or exhaust smoke is blue).....................................................................20-615
S-9 Oil becomes contaminated quickly .......................................................................................................20-616
S-10 Fuel consumption is excessive ...........................................................................................................20-617
S-11 Oil is in coolant, or coolant spurts back, or coolant level goes down ..................................................20-618
S-12 Oil pressure caution lamp lights up (Drop in oil pressure) ..................................................................20-619
S-13 Oil level rises (Water, fuel in oil)..........................................................................................................20-620
S-14 Coolant temperature becomes too high (Overheating).......................................................................20-621
S-15 Abnormal noise is made .....................................................................................................................20-622
S-16 Vibration is excessive .........................................................................................................................20-623
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-601
(8)
METHOD OF USING TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS

This troubleshooting chart is divided into three sec-
tions: questions, check items, and troubleshoot-
ing.
The questions and check items are used to pinpoint
high probability causes that can be located from the
failure symptoms or simple inspection without using
troubleshooting tools.
Next, troubleshooting tools or direct inspection are
used to check the high probability causes to make
final confirmation.
[Questions]
Sections (A) + (B) in the chart on the right corre-
sponds to the items where answers can be obtained
from the user. The items in (B) are items that can be
obtained from the user, depending on the user's Causes
level.
[Check items]
The serviceman carries out simple inspection to nar-
row down the causes. The items under (C) in the
chart on the right correspond to this.
The serviceman narrows down the causes from
(b) (2) (3)
information (A) that he has obtained from the user
and the results of (C) that he has obtained from his
own inspection.
[Troubleshooting]
Troubleshooting is carried out in the order of proba-
bility, starting with the causes that have been
marked as having the highest probability form infor-
(a)
mation gained from [Questions] and [Check
Questions
(A) (b)
items].
(c)
(d)
(B) (e)
Check items
(C)
i
shooting
Trouble-
ii
iii
20-602 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
The basic method of using the troubleshooting chart

is as follows.
Items listed for [Questions] and [Check items] that
have a relationship with the Cause items are marked
with Q, and of these, causes that have a high proba-
bility are marked with w.
Check each of the [Questions] are [Check items]
in turn, and marked the Q or w in the chart for items
where the problem appeared. The vertical column
(Causes) that has the highest number of points is the
most probable cause, so start troubleshooting for
that item to make final confirmation of the cause.
1. For [Confirm Section, ask repair history] in
the [Questions] Section, ask the user, and
mark the Cause column with E to use as Causes
reference for locating the cause of the fail-
ure. However, do not use this when marking
calculations to narrow down the causes.
tion)
2. Use the E in the Cause column as refer-
injec
ence for [Degree of use (Operated for long
period)] in the [Questions] section as refer-
sive
nce
ence.
zzle
xces
er
fere
As a rule, do not use it when calculating be
n no
nt
er lin
p (e
leme
inter
g
included if necessary to determine the order
imin
ectio
pum
ylind
for troubleshooting.
er e
ger,
on t
d inj
c
tion
lean
char
i
ring
t
Imp , seize
c
injec
r inje
air c
urbo
ton
ctive
rope
n pis
ged
ged
ed t
Defe
Clog
Clog
Seiz
Wor
1 Confirm recent repair history

2 Degree of use Operated for long period
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-603
(8)
• Example of troubleshooting when exhaust gas is black

Let us assume that [Clogged air cleaner] is taken to be the cause of black exhaust gas. Three symptoms
have causal relationship with this problem: [Exhaust gas slowly became black], [Power slowly became
weaker], and [Dust indicator is red].
If we look from these three symptoms to find the causes, we find that there is a relationship with five causes.
Let us explain here the method of using this causal relationship to pinpoint the most probable cause.
S-7 Exhaust gas is black (incomplete combustion)

General causes why exhaust gas is black
• Insufficient intake of air
Causes
• Improper condition of fuel injection
• Excessive injection of fuel
d)
ead
tion)
eize
nd h
injec
er s
er a
eat
lung
sive
harg
lve s
nce
ck, p
le
xces
rboc
nozz
fere
e, va
nt
p (ra
p (e
ce
leme
n tu
inter
g
der
r
tion
f valv
uffle
timin
aran
pum
pum
twee
cylin
er e
injec
ger,
dm
e cle
act o
ction
tion
tion
lean
ir be
char
gge
ring
Imp , seized
injec
injec
valv
cont
r inje
Legend
air c
of a
, clo
urbo
ton
: Possible causes (judging from Questions and check items)
ctive
ctive
ctive
rope
rope
n pis
kage
hed
: Most probable causes (judging from Questions and Check items)
ged
ged
ed t
: Possible causes due to length of use (used for a long period)
Defe
Defe
Defe
Imp
Crus
Clog
Clog
Seiz
Wor
Lea
: Items to confirm the cause.
Confirm recent repair history
Degree of use Operated for long period
Suddenly became black
Color of exhaust gas Gradually became black
Questions
Blue under light load

Engine oil must be added more frequently
Suddenly
Power was lost
Gradually
Non-specified fuel has been used
Noise of interference is heard from around turbocharger
Dust indicator is red
Blow-by gas is excessive
Engine pickup is poor and combustion is irregular
When exhaust manifold is touched immediately after
starting engine, temperature of some cylinders is low
Check items
Match marks on fuel injection pump are out of alignment

Seal on injection pump has come off
Clanging sound is heard from around cylinder head
Exhaust noise is abnormal
Muffler is crushed
Leakage of air between turbocharger and head, loose clamp
When turbocharger is rotated by hand, it is found to be heavy

When air cleaner is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
When compression pressure is measured, it is found to be low
Speed of some cylinders does not change when operating
Troubleshooting
on reduced cylinders
When check is made using delivery method, injection timing
is found to be incorrect
Injection pump test shows that injection amount is incorrect
When valve clearance is checked directly it is found to be
outside standard value
When muffler is removed, exhaust gas color returns to normal
When control rack is pushed, it is found to be heavy or does
not return
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Repair
Adjust
Adjust
Adjust
Clean
Remedy
20-604 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
Five causes
Step 1
Clarify the relationship between the three

symptoms in the [Questions] and [Check items]
section and the five Causes items in the vertical
column.
Three symptoms
Step 2
Add up the total of and marks where the

horizontal lines for the three symptoms and the
vertical columns for the causes intersect.
(1) Clogged air cleaner element:
(2) Air leakage between turbocharger
and head:
(3) Clogged, seized injection nozzle:
(4) Defective contact of valve, valve seat:
(5) Worn piston ring, cylinder:
Step 3
The calculation in Step 2 shows that the closest

relationship is with [Clogged air cleaner
element]. Follow this column down to the
troubleshooting area and carry out the
troubleshooting item marked . The Remedy is
given as [Clean], so carry out cleaning, and the
exhaust gas color should return to normal.
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-605
(8)
TESTING AND ADJUSTING S-1
S-1 Starting performance is poor (Starting always takes time)
General causes why exhaust smoke comes out but engine takes time to start
• Defective electrical system
• Insufficient supply of fuel
• Improper selection of fuel
(At ambient temperature of –10°C or below, ASTM
D975 No. 2 diesel fuel is used)
★ Battery charging rate
Causes
Charging rate
Ambient 100% 90% 80% 75% 70%
k)
temperature
stuc
20°C 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.23 1.22
nger
0°C 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.23
, plu
eat
tank
el
–10°C 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.24
ing
canc
lve s
(rack
el pip
ry
e l
batte
u
• The specific gravity should exceed the value
le
e, va
ator
f
g
t
nozz
le in
ump
r
men
in fu
aine
timin
er
r
for the charging rate of 70% in the above table.
e
der
pens
rated
f valv
heat
in
er ho
p
er ele
p str
tion
, stra
cylin
g, air
• In cold areas the specific gravity must exceed
tion
tion
p
t com
terio
r
m
e air
act o
injec
tor
nato
reath
pum
injec
injec
u
filter
lean
the value for the charging rate of 75% in the
ggin
ing,
la
p
or de
boos
intak
regu
alter
feed
cont
fuel
air b
ton r
feed
air c
above table.
lo
fuel
fuel
fuel
c
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
age,
n pis
ged
tive
tive
ged
ged
ged
Leak
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Wor

Degree of use of machine Operated for long period
Gradually became worse
Ease of starting
Starts when warm
Questions
Preheating monitor does not light up

Replacement of filters has not been carried out according to operation
Manual
Non-specified fuel has being used
Air cleaner clogging monitor lights up
Battery charge monitor is ON
Starting motor cranks engine slowly
When exhaust manifold is touched immediately after starting engine,
temperature of some cylinders is low
Engine does not pick up smoothly, and combustion is irregular
Check items

Timing lock on fuel injection pump does not match
Mud is stuck to fuel tank cap
When engine is cranked with starting motor,
1) Little fuel comes out even when fuel injection pump piping sleeve nut is
loosened
2) Little fuel comes out even when fuel filter air bleed plug is loosened
Leakage from fuel piping
There is hunting from engine (rotation is irregular)

When air cleaner element is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
When fuel filter, strainer are inspected directly, they are found to be clogged
When feed pump strainer is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
Troubleshooting
Heater mount does not become warm

Is voltage 20 26 V between alternator terminal B and terminal E Yes
with engine at low idle? No
Either specific gravity of electrolyte or voltage of battery is low
Speed does not change when operation of certain cylinders is stopped
When control rack is pushed, it is found to be heavy or does not return
(check after removing fuel injection pump)
When fuel tank cap is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
Adjust (*1)
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Remedy
Clean
Clean
Clean
Clean
*1. Use a test stand when adjusting.
20-606 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-2 Engine does not start
(1) Engine does not turn
General causes why engine does not turn Causes

• Seizure inside engine
★ For seizure inside the engine,
carry out the troubleshooting for
S-4 Engine stops during opera-
tion.
n
• Hydraulic pump system error
ectio
• Defective electrical system
it
ttery
circu
conn
d ba
ting
inal
ch
otor
e
star
lay
t
term
swit
iora
lay
ng m
r y re
ty re
g of
eter
ting
ery
ear
atte
tarti
wirin
safe
or d
star
batt
ing g
b
s
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
en r
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Brok
Questions

Condition of horn when Horn does not sound
starting switch is turned ON Horn volume is low
Speed of rotation is low
When starting switch is Makes grating noise
turned to START, pinion Soon disengages pinion again
moves out, but
Makes rattling noise and does not turn
Check items
When starting switch is turned to START, pinion does not move out
When starting switch is turned to ON, there is no clicking sound
Battery terminal is loose
Carry out troubleshooting for E-mode.
When battery is checked, battery electrolyte is found to be low
Specific gravity of electrolyte, voltage of battery is low

For the following conditions 1) - 4), turn the starting switch OFF,
connect the cord, and carry out troubleshooting
1) When terminal B and terminal C of starting switch are
Troubleshooting
connected, engine starts

2) When terminal B and terminal C of starting motor are
connected, engine starts
3) When terminal B and terminal C of safety relay are connected,
engine starts
4) There is no 24V between battery relay terminal BR and
terminal E
When ring gear is inspected directly, tooth surface is found to be
chipped
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Remedy
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-607
(8)
(2) Engine turns but no exhaust smoke comes out (Fuel is not being injected)
General causes why engine turns but not exhaust smoke Causes
comes out
• Supply of fuel impossible
• Supply of fuel extremely small
d)
eize
• Improper selection of fuel (particularly in winter)
er s
Selection of fuel according to
nk
lung
t, ke
ambient temperature
el ta
Type of fuel
n
ck, p
shaf
pisto
–22 –4 –14 32 50 68 86 104°F
n fu
–30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 140°C
p (ra
er
g
drive
ole i
pipin
r
ump
train
n e
ASTM D975 No.2
pum
nk
i
er h
a
ump
s
, str
fuel
in ta
Diesel oil
eed
d
p
h
l use
m
tion
ASTM D975A
on p
filter
reat
king
u
No.1
en f
fuel
p
injec
r fue
air b
jecti
feed
, lea
fuel
brok
ient
ctive
en in
rope
ged
ged
ged
ged
uffic
ed,
Defe
Imp
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Brok
Seiz
Ins
Questions

Exhaust smoke suddenly stops coming out (when starting again)
Replacement of filters has not been carried out according to
Operation Manual
Fuel tank is found to be empty
There is leakage from fuel piping
When fuel filter is drained, fuel does not come out
Check items

1) No fuel comes out even when fuel filter air bleed plug is
loosened
2) No fuel spurts out even when fuel injection pump piping sleeve
nut is loosened
Rust and water are found when fuel tank is drained
Inspect injection pump directly

When control rack is pushed, it is found to be heavy, or does not
Troubleshooting
return
Inspect feed pump directly
When fuel filter, strainer are inspected directly, they are found to be
clogged
When feed pump strainer is inspected directly, it is found to be
clogged
When fuel cap is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Clean
Clean
Remedy
Add
20-608 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
(3) Exhaust smoke comes out but engine does not start (Fuel is being injected)
General causes why exhaust smoke comes out but Causes

engine does not start
c.)
• Lack of rotating force due to defective electrical
r, et
system
leve
uck)
cker
y
spra
t
ap
e, ro
• Improper selection of fuel and oil
er s
tive
nk c
lung
em
(valv
efec
el ta
syst
ck, p
ery
le, d
stem
in fu
er
batt
fuel
n
nt
p (ra
iner
i
nozz
l
r
leme
er
e sy
hole
der
ted
ir in
t
rain
stra
hea
pum
valv
iora
tion
er e
g, a
i
her
r, st
, cyl
d
mp
e air
l use
tion
eter
injec
lean
ken
reat
ggin
e
u
ring
t
p
ntak
l
injec
or d
f
r fue
, bro
feed
air b
air c
, clo
fuel
fuel
ton
i
ctive
ctive
ctive
rope
ctive
n pis
kage
ged
ged
ged
ged
ged
Defe
Defe
Defe
Imp
Clog
Defe
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Wor
Lea
Suddenly failed to start
Questions
When engine is cranked, abnormal noise is heard from around cylinder

head
Non-specified fuel is being used
Replacement of filters has not been carried out according to Operation
Manual
Preheating monitor does not light up
Starting motor cranks engine slowly
When fuel lever is placed at FULL position, it does not contact stopper
Check items
1) Little fuel comes out even when injection pump piping sleeve nut is
loosened
2) No fuel comes out even when fuel filter air bleed plug is loosened
When fuel filter is drained, no fuel comes out
Remove head cover and check directly

When control rack is pushed, it is found to be heavy, or does not return
clogged
Troubleshooting
When feed pump strainer is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged

When air cleaner element is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
Heater mount does not become warm
Either specific gravity of electrolyte or voltage of battery is low
When feed pump is operated, there is no response, or operation is
too heavy
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Clean
Clean
Clean
Clean
Clean
Remedy
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-609
(8)
S-3 Engine does not pick up smoothly (Follow-up is poor)
General causes why engine does not pick up smoothly Causes

y
spra
• Improper fuel used
ap
seat
tive
nk c
alve
efec
ger
el ta
nce
nd v
plun
le, d
in fu
r
fere
r line
nt
g
iner
ve a
nozz
pipin
ance
mp
leme
iner
inter
hole
inde
st ra
n pu
f val
st ra
r
tion
er e
fuel
ger,
a
her
, cyl
e
ump
act o
jectio
l
ilter,
injec
lve c
lean
char
reat
king
ring
ed p
cont
uel f
uel in
air c
r va
air b
, lea
urbo
fuel
ton
e
f
f
rope
ctive
n pis
ged
ged
ged
ged
ged
ed f
ed t
ged
Imp
Clog
Defe
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Seiz
Seiz
Clog
Wor
Questions
Operation Manual
Engine pick-up suddenly became poor
Color of exhaust gas
Black
Check items

High idle speed under no load is normal, but speed suddenly
drops when load is applied
When air cleaner element is inspected directly, it is found to be

clogged
clogged
clogged
Troubleshooting
Speed does not change when operation of certain cylinders is

stopped
When valve clearance is checked directly, it is found to be outside
standard value
When feed pump is operated, operation is too light or too heavy
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Adjust
Clean
Clean
Clean
Clean
Remedy
20-610 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-4 Engine stops during operations
General causes why engine stops during operations Causes

• Seized parts inside engine
c. )
r, et
)
• Overheating
tuck
leve
★ If the engine is overheating and
er s
cker
the engine stops, carry out trou-
lung
e, ro
bleshooting for overheating.
od
nk
ck, p
valv
ing r
el ta
(See S-14 Coolant temperature
key
nt
em
ton
arin
p (ra
m (
ipme
becomes too high (Overheating))
nect
in fu
syst
p pis
,
t be
t
shaf
g
yst e
pum
aine
• Failure in hydraulic pump
pipin
r
, con
aine
ump
hole
q
shaf
pum
in
e
s
nk
drive
★ If the machine stops because of
r t ra
p str
tion
ary
e
iston
, st r
lic p
fuel
rank
in ta
her
valv
eed
the failure in hydraulic pump, carry
gea
uxili
injec
pum
ump
filter
reat
drau
king
ed c
ed p
ed f
fuel
c
out troubleshooting for H-mode.
a
i
ized
ynam
fuel
air b
feed
uel p
ump
, lea
fuel
in hy
seiz
seiz
seiz
ient
e
ctive
s
en p
en d
en f
ged
ged
ged
ged
uffic
en,
en,
en,
en,
ure
Defe
Brok
Brok
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Brok
Brok
Brok
Brok
Brok
Ins
Fail
Abnormal noise was heard and
engine stopped suddenly
Condition when engine
Questions
Engine overheated and stopped

stopped
Engine stopped slowly
There was hunting and engine stopped
Operation Manual
Fuel level lamp lights up
Engine rotates, but stops when work equipment and travel
Check items
levers are operated

Does not turn at all
When it is attempted Turns in opposite direction
to turn by hand using
barring tool Moves amount of backlash
Carry out troubleshooting for H-mode
Shaft does not turn

Metal particles are found when oil is drained
Remove oil pan and inspect directly

Remove head cover and inspect directly
When gear train is inspected, it does not turn
Troubleshooting
Rotates when pump auxiliary equipment is removed

When fuel filter, strainer are inspected directly, they are found
to be clogged
When feed pump strainer is inspected directly, it is found
to be clogged
Inspect feed pump directly
When control rack is pushed, it is found to be heavy, or does
not return
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Clean
Clean
Clean
Remedy
Add
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-611
(8)
S-5 Engine does not rotate smoothly (Hunting)
General causes why engine does not rotate smoothly Causes

• Air in fuel system
p
pum
• Defective governor mechanism
zzle
• Defective electronical governor mechanism
d no
feed
★ If hunting stops when governor spring is dis-
p an
and
connected, carry out troubleshooting for the
pum
tank
troubleshooting for E-mode.
nk
feed
el ta
fuel
ck
or
a
rnor
vern
rol r
in fu
een
een
r
gove
aine
f go
cont
betw
betw
iner
hole
low
nk
p st r
nt o
st ra
n of
n of
rcuit
cuit
in ta
o
her
o
stme
pum
t
ter,
ratio
ratio
reat
d is
in ci
in ci
fuel
el fil
adju
spee
ope
ope
feed
air b
, air
, air
ient
f u
ctive
ctive
ctive
ged
ged
ged
ged
ged
uffic
idle
Clog
Defe
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Defe
Defe
Ins
Low
Occurs at a certain speed range
Questions
Occurs at low idle

Condition of hunting
Occurs even when speed is raised
Occurs on slopes
Operation Manual
Rust, water are found when fuel tank is drained
When feed pump is operated,
Check items
1) No response, light, return is quick

2) No response, light, return is normal
Engine speed sometimes rises too far
Engine is sometimes difficult to stop
When governor lever is moved it is found to be stiff

When injection pump is tested, governor is found to be improperly
adjusted
Troubleshooting

return
clogged
clogged
Correct
Correct
Adjust
Adjust
Adjust
Adjust
Clean
Clean
Clean
Remedy
Add
20-612 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-6 Engine lacks output (or lacks power)
General causes why engine lacks output Causes

y
spra
t
men
eat
ragm
(if non-specified fuel is used, output drops)
tive
t
lve s
djus
k
• Lack of output due to overheating
l tan
efec
iaph
er
ce
ve a
d va
★ If there is overheating and lack of output,
lung
e
le, d
or d
eren
in fu
fecti
e an
carry out troubleshooting for S-14 Cool-
p
nt
iping
r
nsat
nozz
aine
f
ance
ump
iner
leme
inter
hole
r
ant temperature becomes too high
e
inde
valv
g, d
uel p
mpe
p st r
st ra
ion p
tion
lear
er e
(Overheating).
ger,
her
, cyl
prin
t of
st co
pum
ing f
njec
ter,
lve c
reat
lean
t
char
ntac
njec
ring
or s
il
uel i
boo
f
air b
feed
r va
air c
, lea
urbo
fuel
o
vern
uel i
ton
c
f
ctive
ctive
rope
n pis
ged
ged
ged
ged
ged
ged
ed f
ed t
t go
Imp
Defe
Defe
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Clog
Seiz
Seiz
Ben
Wor
Suddenly
Power was lost
Questions
Gradually
Operation Manual
Black
Check items
High idle speed under no load is normal, but speed suddenly

drops when load is applied
When exhaust manifold is touched immediately after starting
engine, temperature of some cylinders is low
High idle speed of engine is low

clogged
clogged
Troubleshooting

clogged
stopped
return
When valve clearance is checked directly, it is found to be outside
standard value
When fuel dial is placed at FULL position, lever does not contact
stopper
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Adjust
Adjust
Clean
Clean
Clean
Clean
Remedy
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-613
(8)
S-7 Exhaust smoke is black (Incomplete combustion)
General causes why exhaust smoke is black Causes

ifold
tion)
man
d)
injec
eize
take
at
er s
sive
er in
e se
lung
le
xces
valv
harg
nozz
nce
ck, p
p (e
rboc
d
liner
g
fere
tion
n
timin
nt
p (ra
ve a
pum
ce
leme
n tu
inter
injec
der
ffler
aran
f val
pum
ction
tion
twee
cylin
u
er e
ger,
fuel
dm
e cle
act o
injec
l inje
tion
lean
ir be
char
gge
ring
Imp , seized
injec
valv
cont
r fue
fuel
air c
of a
, clo
urbo
ton
ctive
ctive
ctive
rope
rope
n pis
kage
hed
ged
ged
ed t
Defe
Defe
Defe
Imp
Crus
Clog
Clog
Seiz
Wor
Lea
Suddenly became black
Color of exhaust gas Gradually became black
Questions

Suddenly
Power was lost
Gradually
When exhaust manifold is touched immediately after starting engine
Check items
Timing lock on fuel injection pump does not match

Exhaust noise is abnormal
Muffler is crushed
Leakage of air between turbocharger and head, loose clamp

clogged
Troubleshooting

stopped
When check is made using delivery method, injection timing is
found to be incorrect
When valve clearance is checked directly it is found to be outside
standard value
When muffler is removed, exhaust color returns to normal
return
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Adjust
Adjust
Adjust
Clean
Remedy
20-614 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-8 Oil consumption is excessive (or exhaust smoke is blue)
★ Do not run the engine at idle for more than 20 Causes

minutes continuously. (Both low and high idle)
rger
General causes why oil consumption is excessive
ocha
• Abnormal combustion of oil
Turb
• External leakage of oil
seal
d
• Wear of lubrication system
hea
ce
stem
hose
a
er
ken
r f
der
cool
al su
r
, bro
r line
e sy
r
cylin
e
plug
r oil
h
l, se
t
intak
ide)
brea
nde
d
nd
r
n
er o
iping
an o
a
rain
ine e
er e
, gu
e
, cyli
ar s
om
r or
il filt
oil d
oil p
oil p
blow
ring
stem
turb
in fr
oler
e
ring
n re
o
t h
from
rom
from
m
iston
brea
il co
al at
lve (
al at
ked
roke
ton
r o
f
f
en o
n pis
t suc
en p
kage
kage
kage
n se
kage
n va
n se
ged
n, b
Brok
Clog
Brok
Wor
Wor
Wor
Wor
Wor
Dus
Lea
Lea
Lea
Lea
Questions
Oil consumption suddenly increased

Engine oil becomes contaminated quickly
Exhaust smoke is blue under light load
Excessive
Amount of blow-by gas
None
Area around engine is dirty with oil
There is oil in engine coolant
Check items
When exhaust pipe is removed, inside is found to be dirty

with oil
When turbocharger air supply pipe is removed, inside is
found to be dirty with oil
Oil level in damper chamber rises
Clamps for intake system are loose

When breather element is inspected, it is found to be clogged
with dirty oil
Troubleshooting
There is external leakage of oil from engine

Pressure-tightness test of oil cooler shows there is leakage
Excessive play of turbocharger shaft
Inspect rear seal directly
When intake manifold is removed, dust is found inside
When intake manifold is removed, inside is found to be dirty
with oil
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Correct
Correct
Correct
Correct
Correct
Clean
Remedy
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-615
(8)
S-9 Oil becomes contaminated quickly
General causes why oil becomes contaminated quickly

• Entry of exhaust gas due to internal wear
• Clogging of lubrication passage
• Improper oil used
• Operation under excessive load
20-616 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-10 Fuel consumption is excessive
General causes why fuel consumption is excessive Causes

• Leakage of fuel
tion)
injec
)
y
ter
iston
spra
sive
el fil
g
prin
p (p
r
r
nge
xces
g, fu
olde
or s
r
pum
cove
u
h
p (e
pipin
l
vern
p
ozzle
g
ump
eed
imin
pum
f go
hea
fuel
ide f
on p
n
on t
nt o
tion
side
from
jectio
l ins
jecti
jecti
st me
injec
el in
age
a
el in
el in
uel in
e
adju
oil s
fuel
of fu
leak
u
u
f
f
f
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
kage
rnal
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Exte
Lea
Questions

More than for other machines of same
Condition of fuel model
consumption Gradually increased
Suddenly increased
Black
Exhaust smoke color
White
There is irregular combustion
Check items

Timing lock on fuel injection pump is misaligned
There is external leakage of fuel from engine
Engine oil level rises and smells of diesel fuel
Engine low idle and high idle speeds are high
Injection pump measurement shows that injection amount is excessive

Troubleshooting

When check is made using delivery method, fuel injection timing is
found to be incorrect
Remove feed pump and inspect directly
When engine speed is measured, low idle and high idle speeds
are found to be high
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Correct
Adjust
Adjust
Adjust
Remedy
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-617
(8)
S-11 Oil is in coolant, or coolant spurts back, or coolant level goes down
General causes why oil in coolant Causes

• Internal leakage in lubrication system
• Internal leakage in cooling system
sket
k
bloc
d ga
ring
oler
der
hea
, O-
itting
cylin
il co
core
ad,
lic o
r he
p
ks in
oler
b y
linde
drau
used
crac
il co
y
y
en o
en h
en c
s ca
rnal
Inte
Brok
Brok
Hole
Brok
Questions

Suddenly increased
Oil level
Gradually increased
Hard water is being used as coolant
Engine oil level has risen, oil is cloudy white
Check items
Excessive air bubbles inside radiator, spurts back

Hydraulic oil, transmission oil is cloudy white
When hydraulic oil, transmission oil is drained, water is found

shooting
Trouble-
Pressure-tightness test of cylinder head shows there is leakage

Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Remedy
20-618 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-12 Oil pressure caution lamp lights up (Drop in oil pressure)
General causes why oil pressure lamp lights up

• Leakage, clogging, wear of lubricating system
• Defective oil pressure control
• Improper oil used (improper viscosity)
• Deterioration of oil due to overheating Causes
★ Standards for engine oil selection

Selection of oil according to
Type of
ambient temperature
fuel
–30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 140°C
SAE30CD
g
pipin
Engine SAE10WCD
pan
nsor
il pa
g
oil
aulic
SAE10W-30CD
azin
e oil
r
e
e se
uctio nside o
enso
valv
SAE15W-40CD
e br
hydr
insid
l
urna
ve
ssur
an
vel s
lator
p
n pip
f val
m
shed
oil p
ei
g, jo
iner
il pre
n oil
lter
u
il pip
oil le
regu
relie
oil p
oil fi
stra
il in
, cru
arin
uel i
o
o
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
ctive
of o
en s
n be
ged
ged
ged
king
er, f
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Defe
Lack
Brok
Clog
Clog
Clog
Wor
Wat
Lea
Questions
Replacement of filters has not been carried out according

to Operation Manual
Non-specified oil is being used
Oil pressure monitor lights up
Lights up at low idle
Condition when oil Lights up at low, high idle
pressure lamp lights up
Lights up on slopes
Sometimes lights up
Check items
There is crushing, leakage from hydraulic piping (external)

Oil level monitor lights up
When oil level in oil pan is inspected, it is found to be low
Metal particles are stuck to oil filter element
Oil is cloudy white or smells of diesel oil
When oil filter is inspected, it is found to be clogged

Troubleshooting
Oil pump rotation is heavy, there is play

There is catching of relief valve or regulator valve, spring
or valve guide is broken
Oil pressure monitor goes OFF when oil level sensor
is replaced
When oil pressure is measured, it is found to be within
standard value
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Adjust
Adjust
Clean
Clean
Clean
Clean
Remedy
Add
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-619
(8)
S-13 Oil level rises (Water, fuel in oil)
★ If there is oil in the coolant, carry out troubleshoot- Causes

ing for “S-11 Oil is in coolant, or coolant level goes
down”.
over
General causes why oil level rises
ad c
seal
• Water in oil (milky white)
m p
e he
u
• Fuel in oil (diluted, and smells of diesel fuel)
ent
p
t
aske
tion
ace
insid
uipm
• Entry of oil from other component
eve
njec
surf
ad g
ring
k
y eq
iping
le
bloc
uel i
, O-
seal
s
, he
r
r
e
a
mp
der
core
itting
f
ld
i
ead
l
rear
stat
e
x i
le ho
insid
l f ro
p au
cylin
er h
by p
rmo
oler
ged
f fue
nozz
pum
part
ylind
side
e
il co
ama
e
h
d
o
t
s ma
ctive
ctive
ctive
ks in
ctive
en o
en c
kage
n, d
Defe
Defe
Defe
Hole
Brok
Defe
Crac
Brok
Wor
Lea
Questions

There is oil in radiator coolant
Fuel must be added more frequently
Exhaust smoke is white
When engine is first started, drops of water come from muffler
Leave radiator cap open. When engine is run at idle, an abnormal
number of bubbles appear, or water spurts back
Check items
Oil level goes down in damper chamber

Oil level goes down in hydraulic tank
Engine oil smells of diesel fuel
Coolant temperature is low

Pressure-tightness test of cylinder head shows there is leakage
Troubleshooting
Inspect rear seal directly

When pump auxiliary equipment is removed, seal is found to be
damaged
Remove fuel injection pump and inspect directly
Defective contact with thermostat seal valve
Remove oil pan and check directly
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Correct
Remedy
20-620 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-14 Coolant temperature becomes too high (Overheating)
General causes why water temperature becomes too high Causes

• Lack of cooling air (deformation, damage of fan)
• Drop in heat dissipation efficiency
• Defective cooling circulation system
• Oil temperature of hydraulic pump system goes exce-
sively high
h
o hig
en)
ge
★ Carry out troubleshooting for H-mode.
sket
gau
t op
re to
y
pulle
d ga
s no
ins
ture
ratu
tor f
fan
hea
r
pera
(doe
mpe
oole
lve
radia
worn
,
e va
core
g
tem
ead
oil c
oil te
stat
pittin
p
pum
shed
er h
ssur
ng,
ant
o
ator
ken
m
mp
lant
e by
lippi
cool
ther
ylind
ater
e
, bro
radi
, cru
ic pu
r
o
d
of co
s
en w
s ma
ctive
ctive
ctive
en c
ged
belt
ged
ged
raul
Lack
Defe
Brok
Brok
Defe
Clog
Defe
Hole
Clog
Clog
Fan
Hyd
Suddenly overheated
Questions
Condition of overheating
Always tends to overheat
Coolant temperature Rises quickly
gauge Does not go down from red range
Radiator coolant level sensor lights up
Fan belt whines under sudden load
Cloudy white oil is floating on coolant
Coolant flows out from overflow hose
Excessive air bubbles inside radiator, water spurts back
Engine oil level has risen, oil is cloudy white
Check items
There is play when fan pulley is rotated

Radiator shroud, inside of underguard are clogged with dirt
or mud
When light bulb is held behind radiator, no light passes through
Coolant is leaking because of cracks in hose or loose clamps
When belt tension is inspected, it is found to be loose
Power train oil temperature enters red range faster than engine
coolant temperature
Temperature difference between top and bottom radiator tanks

Carry out troubleshooting for H-mode
is excessive
Temperature difference between top and bottom radiator tanks
is slight
When coolant filler port is inspected, core is found to be clogged
Troubleshooting
When function test is carried out on thermostat, it does not

open even at cracking temperature
When coolant temperature is measured, it is found to be normal
When oil cooler is inspected directly, it is found to be clogged
When measurement is made with radiator cap tester, set
pressure is found to be low
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Correct
Remedy
Add
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-621
(8)
S-15 Abnormal noise is made
★ Judge if the noise is an internal noise or an external noise. Causes
ifold
e)
c.)
General causes why abnormal noise is made
ngin
r, et
man
n)
d)
• Abnormality due to defective parts
tion)
ss e
sitio
eize
leve
take
• Abnormal combustion
f po
c
erle
er s
cker
• Air sucked in from intake system
nd in
ve in
ut o
r (lin
ung
ance
e, ro
er a
rd o
i
k, pl
s
inde
xces
v
ozzl
lear
e
g
l
boa
a
renc
nce
(rac
r
, cyl
m (v
a
p (e
lve c
boch
on n
ash
fere
ding
erfe
ring
ump
yste
pum
i
of va
ackl
r
t
inter
u
injec
(divi
lt int
iston
on p
t
lve s
g
een
tion
n
ain b
n be
ent
ushi
ger,
fler
fuel
jecti
of p
betw
ic va
injec
justm
muf
ar tr
char
ed b
n, fa
ized
n
ear
ynam
of air
fuel
fuel
r ge
side
urbo
d
seiz
d fa
ve w
a
s
ctive
rope
ctive
ctive
en d
ct in
,
rme
age
ged
ed t
ing,
essi
Imp
Defe
Leak
Defe
Defe
Defo
Defe
Brok
Clog
Seiz
Miss
Exc
Questions
Condition of abnormal Gradually occurred

noise Suddenly occurred
Black
Metal particles are found in oil filter
Engine pickup is poor and combustion is abnormal
Check items
When exhaust manifold is touched immediately after starting

engine, temperature of some cylinders is low
Seal on fuel injection pump has come off
Abnormal noise is loud when accelerating engine
Leakage of air between turbocharger and cylinder head, loose
clamp
Vibrating noise is heard from around muffler

Remove gear cover and inspect directly
Troubleshooting
stopped
When control rack is pushed, it is found to be heavy, or does
not return
Fan is deformed, belt is loose
When valve clearance is checked, it is found to be outside
standard value
Remove cylinder head cover and inspect directly
When muffler is removed, abnormal noise disappears
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Correct
Remedy
20-622 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
S-16 Vibration is excessive
★ If there is abnormal noise together with the Causes

vibration, carry out troubleshooting also for
k)
“S-15 Abnormal noise is made”.
stuc
etc.
tion)
General causes why vibration is excessive
ver,
injec
• Defective parts (abnormal wear, breakage)
er le
ligne
ion
• Improper alignment
fuel
rock
cush
misa
• Abnormal combustion
sive
lve,
ken
mp
xces
ng
va
ic pu
, bro
(
eari
p (e
stem
lash
raul
ain b
bolts
pum
e sy
r
mpe
back
y d
d, m
ting
valv
tion
e da
d
train
oun
n
g ro
injec
g
ine a
mic
ushin
nsid
em
ectin
ear
dyna
fuel
g
art i
f en
ngin
mb
g
conn
ctive
rope
ctive
en p
ter o
n ca
se e
n
Imp
Defe
Defe
Brok
Wor
Wor
Cen
Loo
Questions
Suddenly increased
Condition of vibration
Gradually increased
Non-specified oil is being used
Metal particles are found in oil filter
Oil pressure is low at low idle
Check items
Vibration occurs at mid-range speed

Vibration follows engine speed
Exhaust smoke is black
Seal on fuel injection pump has come off

Remove side cover and inspect directly
Troubleshooting
Inspect directly for loose engine mounting bolts, broken cushion

Inspect inside of damper directly
When face runout and radial runout are inspected, they are found to
be incorrect
Remove front cover and inspect directly
Remove fuel head cover and inspect directly
Fuel injection pump test shows that fuel injection amount is incorrect
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Replace
Correct
Correct
Adjust
Remedy
D31/37EX,PX-21 20-623
(8)
30 DISASSEMBLY AND
ASSEMBLY
HOW TO READ THIS MANUAL ..................... 30- 2 ASSEMBLY OF RECOIL SPRING

COATING MATERIALS LIST.......................... 30- 4 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-47
SPECIAL TOOL LIST...................................... 30- 5 DISASSEMBLY OF IDLER ASSEMBLY .........30-49
SKETCHES OF SPECIAL TOOLS ................. 30- 7 ASSEMBLY OF IDLER ASSEMBLY ...............30-50
REMOVAL OF FUEL INJECTION PUMP DISASSEMBLY OF TRACK ROLLER
ASSEMBLY ............................................... 30- 8 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-52
INSTALLATION OF FUEL INJECTION ASSEMBLY OF TRACK ROLLER
PUMP ASSEMBLY .................................... 30-10 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-53
REMOVAL OF CYLINDER HEAD DISASSEMBLY OF CARRIER ROLLER
ASSEMBLY ............................................... 30-12 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-56
INSTALLATION OF CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY OF CARRIER ROLLER
ASSEMBLY................................................ 30-17 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-57
REMOVAL OF ENGINE FRONT SEAL .......... 30-19 SPREADING TRACK SHOE ASSEMBLY .......30-58
INSTALLATION OF ENGINE FRONT SEAL .. 30-20 INSTALLATION OF TRACK SHOE
REMOVAL OF ENGINE REAR SEAL ............ 30-21 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-59
INSTALLATION OF ENGINE REAR SEAL..... 30-22 REMOVAL OF HST PUMP ASSEMBLY .........30-60
REMOVAL OF RADIATOR GUARD INSTALLATION OF HST PUMP ASSEMBLY .30-61
ASSEMBLY ............................................... 30-23 REMOVAL OF MAIN CONTROL VALVE
INSTALLATION OF RADIATOR GUARD ASSEMBLY ................................................30-62
ASSEMBLY ............................................... 30-25 INSTALLATION OF MAIN CONTROL
DISASSEMBLY OF RADIATOR, VALVE ASSEMBLY ...................................30-63
OIL COOLER, AND CHARGE DISASSEMBLY OF MAIN CONTROL
AIR COOLER ASSEMBLIES..................... 30-26 VALVE ASSEMBLY ...................................30-64
ASSEMBLY OF RADIATOR, ASSEMBLY OF MAIN CONTROL
OIL COOLER, AND VALVE ASSEMBLY ...................................30-68
CHARGE AIR COOLER ASSEMBLIES .... 30-28 DISASSEMBLY OF HYDRAULIC
REMOVAL OF ENGINE ASSEMBLY ............. 30-30 CYLINDER ASSEMBLIES .........................30-72
INSTALLATION OF ENGINE ASSEMBLY ..... 30-32 ASSEMBLY OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
REMOVAL OF DAMPER ................................ 30-33 ASSEMBLIES.............................................30-73
INSTALLATION OF DAMPER ........................ 30-33 REMOVAL OF BLADE ASSEMBLY ................30-75
REMOVAL OF TRAVEL MOTOR AND INSTALLATION OF BLADE ASSEMBLY ........30-76
FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY ........................ 30-34 REMOVAL OF OPERATOR’S SEAT
INSTALLATION OF TRAVEL MOTOR AND FRAME ASSEMBLY .................................30-77
FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY ........................ 30-35 INSTALLATION OF OPERATOR’S SEAT
DISASSEMBLY OF TRAVEL MOTOR FRAME ASSEMBLY .................................30-80
AND FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY ............... 30-36 REMOVAL OF FUEL TANK ASSEMBLY ........30-81
ASSEMBLY OF TRAVEL MOTOR INSTALLATION OF FUEL TANK
AND FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY ............... 30-40 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-81
REMOVAL OF IDLER AND REMOVAL OF HYDRAULIC TANK
RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY .................. 30-45 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-82
INSTALLATION OF IDLER AND INSTALLATION OF HYDRAULIC TANK
RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY .................. 30-45 ASSEMBLY ................................................30-83
DISASSEMBLY OF RECOIL SPRING
ASSEMBLY ............................................... 30-46
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-1
(8)
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HOW TO READ THIS MANUAL
HOW TO READ THIS MANUAL

1. Removal and installation of assemblies
Special tools Removal

• Special tools which are deemed necessary • The “Removal” section contains procedures and
for removal or installation of parts are de- precautions for implementing the work, know-
scribed as A1,•••X1 etc. and their part how and the amount of oil or coolant to be
names, part numbers and quantities are de- drained.
scribed in the special tool list. • General tools that are necessary for removal are
• Also the following information is described in described as [1], [2]•••etc. and their part names,
the special tool list. part numbers and quantities are not described.
1) Necessity • Various symbols used in the “Removal” section
t : Special tools that cannot be substituted are explained and listed below.
and should always be used (installed). k : This mark indicates safety-related precau-
q : Special tools that will be useful if avail- tions that must be followed when imple-
able and are substitutable with com- menting the work.
mercially available tools. ★ : Know-how or precautions for work
2) Distinction of new and existing special tools [*1] : This mark shows that there are instructions or
N : Tools newly developed for this precautions for installing parts.
6
model. They respectively have a
: This mark shows the amount of oil or coolant
new part number.
to be drained.
4 : Weight of part or component
R : Tools with upgraded part numbers.
They are remodeled from already
available tools for other models.
Blank: Tools already available for other
models. They can be used without Installation
any modification. • Except where otherwise instructed, installation
3) Circle mark Q in sketch column: of parts is done in the reverse order of removal.
• The sketch of the special tool is present- • Instructions and precautions for installing parts
ed in the section of “Sketches of special are shown with [*1] mark in the “Installation”
tools”. section, identifying which step the instructions
• This mark means part No. of special are intended for.
• General tools that are necessary for installation
* *** ****
tools starting with 79 T- -
and that they can not be supplied from are described as [1], [2]•••etc. and their part
Komatsu in Japan (i.e. locally made names, part numbers and quantities are not
parts). described.
• Marks shown in the “Installation” section stand
for the following.
k : Precautions related to safety in execution
of work.
★ : This mark gives guidance or precautions when
doing the procedure.
2: Type of coating material
3: Tightening torque
5: Quantity of oil or coolant to be added
Sketches of special tools

• Various special tools are illustrated for the con-
venience of local manufacture.
30-2 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HOW TO READ THIS MANUAL
2. Disassembly and assembly of assemblies Disassembly

• In “Disassembly” section, the work procedures,
Special tools precautions and know-how for carrying out
• Special tools which are deemed necessary those procedures, and quantity of the oil and
for disassembly or assembly of parts are de- coolant drained are described.
scribed as A1,•••X1 etc. and their part • General tools that are necessary for disassem-
names, part numbers and quantities are de- bly are described as [1], [2]•••etc. and their part
scribed in the special tool list. names, part numbers and quantities are not
• Also the following information is described in described.
the special tool list. • The meanings of the symbols used in “Disas-
1) Necessity sembly” section are as follows.
t : Special tools that cannot be substituted k : This mark indicates safety-related precau-
and should always be used (installed). tions that must be followed when imple-
q : Special tools that will be useful if avail- menting the work.
able and are substitutable with com- ★ : Know-how or precautions for work
6:
mercially available tools.
Quantity of oil or coolant drained
2) Distinction of new and existing special tools
N : Tools newly developed for this
model. They respectively have a
new part number.
Assembly
R : Tools with upgraded part numbers.
They are remodeled from already • In “Assembly” section, the work procedures,
available tools for other models. precautions and know-how for carrying out
Blank: Tools already available for other those procedures, and quantity of the oil and
models. They can be used without coolant added are described.
any modification. • General tools that are necessary for assembly
3) Circle mark Q in sketch column: are described as [1], [2]•••etc. and their part
• The sketch of the special tool is present- names, part numbers and quantities are not
ed in the section of “Sketches of special described.
tools”. • The meanings of the symbols used in “Assem-
bly” section are as follows.
k : Precautions related to safety in execution
• This mark means part No. of special
* *** ****
tools starting with 79 T- -
and that they can not be supplied from of work
Komatsu in Japan (i.e. locally made ★ :This mark gives guidance or precautions when
parts). doing the procedure.
2 : Type of coating material
3 : Tightening torque
5 : Quantity of oil or coolant to be added
Sketches of special tools

• Various special tools are illustrated for the con-
venience of local manufacture.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-3
(8)
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY COATING MATERIALS LIST
COATING MATERIALS LIST (Rev. 2007.06)

★ The recommended coating materials such as adhesives, gasket sealants, and greases used for disassembly
and assembly are listed below.
★ For coating materials not listed below, use the equivalent of products shown in this manual.
Cate- Komatsu
Part number Q'ty Container Main features and applications
gory code
• Used to prevent rubber gaskets, rubber cush-
LT-1A 790-129-9030 150 g Tube
ions, and cork plugs from coming out.
• Used for plastic (except polyethylene, polypropy-
20 g Polyethylene lene, tetrafluoroethylene and vinyl chloride), rub-
LT-1B 790-129-9050
(2 pcs.) container ber, metal, and non-metal parts which require
immediate and strong adhesion.
Polyethylene • Features: Resistance to heat and chemicals.
LT-2 09940-00030 50 g
container • Used to fix and seal bolts and plugs.
790-129-9060
Adhesive: 1 kg
LT-3 (Set of adhesive Can • Used to stick and seal metal, glass, and plastics.
Hardener: 500 g
and hardener)
Polyethylene
Adhesive
LT-4 790-129-9040 250 g • Used to seal plugs.

container
Holtz MH 705 790-129-9120 75 g Tube • Heat-resistant seal used to repair engines.
• Quick-setting adhesive.
ThreeBond Polyethylene • Setting time: Within 5 sec. to 3 min.
790-129-9140 50 g
1735 container • Used mainly to stick metals, rubbers, plastics,
and woods.
• Quick-setting adhesive.
• Quick-setting type.
Aron-alpha Polyethylene
790-129-9130 2g (max. strength is obtained after 30 minutes)
201 container
• Used mainly to stick rubbers, plastics, and met-
als.
• Features: Resistance to heat and chemicals.
Loctite Polyethylene
79A-129-9110 50 cc • Used for fitted portions used at high tempera-
648-50 container
tures.
• Used to stick or seal gaskets and packings of
LG-1 790-129-9010 200 g Tube
power train case, etc.
• Used to seal various threaded portions, pipe
Polyethylene joints, and flanges.
LG-5 790-129-9080 1 kg
container • Used to seal tapered plugs, elbows, and nipples
of hydraulic piping.
Gasket sealant
• Features: Silicon-based heat and cold-resistant

sealant.
LG-6 790-129-9020 200 g Tube • Used to seal flange surfaces and threaded por-
tions.
• Used to seal oil pan, final drive case, etc.
• Features: Silicon-based quick-setting sealant.
LG-7 790-129-9070 1 kg Tube • Used to seal flywheel housing, intake manifold,
oil pan, thermostat housing, etc.
LG-8 • Features: Silicon-based, heat and cold-resis-
ThreeBond 419-15-18131 100 g Tube tant, vibration-resistant, impact-resistant sealant.
1207B • Used to seal transfer case, etc.
30-4 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
Cate-
Komatsu code Part number Q'ty Container Main features and applications
gory
• Used for rough surfaces such as the circle gear top
LG-9
seal which does not need to be clamped, water
ThreeBond 790-129-9310 200 g Tube
resistance of the clearance at the welded area, etc.
1206D
• Can be coated with paint.
Gasket sealant
LG-10 • Used as lubricant/sealant when the radiator hoses

ThreeBond 790-129-9320 200 g Tube are inserted.
1206E • Can be coated with paint.
LG-11 • Feature: Can be used together with gaskets.
ThreeBond 790-129-9330 200 g Tube • Used for covers of the transmission case and steer-
1121 ing case etc.
ThreeBond
790-129-9090 100 g Tube • Gasket sealant used to repair engine.
1211
Molybdenum
• Used to prevent scuffing and seizure of press-fitted

lubricant
disulfide
portions, shrink-fitted portions, and threaded por-

LM-P 09940-00040 200 g Tube
tions.
• Used to lubricate linkages, bearings, etc.
• Feature: Seizure and scuffing prevention compound

compound
prevention
with metallic super-fine-grain, etc.

Seizure
LC-G
— — Can • Used for the mounting bolt in the high temperature
NEVER-SEEZ
area of the exhaust manifold and the turbocharger,
etc.
SYG2-400LI
SYG2-350LI
SYG2-400LI-A
G2-LI • Feature: Lithium grease with extreme pressure
SYG2-160LI
G0-LI Various Various lubrication performance.
SYGA-160CNLI
*: For cold district • General purpose type.
SYG0-400LI-A (*)
SYG0-160CNLI
(*)
• Used for parts under heavy load.
Caution:
Molybdenum SYG2-400M 400 g x 10 Bellows-type • Do not apply grease to rolling bearings like swing
disulfide grease SYG2-400M-A 400 g x 20 container circle bearings, etc. and spline.
LM-G (G2-M) SYGA-16CNM 16 kg Can • The grease should be applied to work equipment
pins at their assembly only, not applied for greasing
afterwards.
Hyper White SYG2-400T-A
Grease
400 g Bellows-type • Seizure resistance, heat resistance and water resis-

Grease G2-T, SYG2-16CNT
container tance higher than molybdenum disulfide grease.
G0-T (*) SYG0-400T-A (*)
16 kg Can • Not conspicuous on machine since color is white.
*: For cold district SYG0-16CNT (*)
Biogrease SYG2-400B
G2-B, G2-BT (*) SYGA-16CNB 400 g Bellows-type • Since this grease is decomposed by natural bacte-
*: For use at high SYG2-400BT (*) container ria in short period, it has less effects on microorgan-
temperature and SYGA-16CNBT 16 kg Can isms, animals, and plants.
under high load (*)
• Feature: Silicone grease with wide using tempera-
G2-S ture range, high resistance to thermal-oxidative deg-
ThreeBond — 200 g Tube radation and performance to prevent deterioration of
1855 rubber and plastic parts.
• Used for oil seals of the transmission, etc.
• Feature: Urea (organic system) grease with heat
G2-U-S resistance and long life. Enclosed type.
427-12-11871 2 kg Can
ENS grease • Used for rubber, bearing and oil seal in damper.
Caution: Do not mix with lithium grease.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-4-1
(8)
Cate-
Komatsu code Part number Q'ty Container Main features and applications
gory
SUNSTAR • Used as primer for cab side.
Glass
PAINT PRIMER 20 ml (Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
container
580 SUPER ture)
SUNSTAR 417-926-3910
• Used as primer for glass side.
GLASS Glass
20 ml (Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
PRIMER 580 container
ture)
Adhesive for cab glass

SUPER
• Used as primer for painted surface on cab
SUNSTAR
Glass side.
Primer
PAINT PRIMER 22M-54-27230 20 ml

container (Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
435-95
ture)
• Used as primer for black ceramic-coated sur-
SUNSTAR
face on glass side and for hard polycarbonate-
GLASS
22M-54-27240 150 ml Can coated surface.
PRIMER
(Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
435-41
ture)
SUNSTAR • Used as primer for sash (Almite).
Glass
SASH PRIMER 22M-54-27250 20 ml (Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
container
GP-402 ture)
SUNSTAR • “S” is used for high-temperature season and
PENGUINE “W” for low-temperature season as adhesive
Polyethylene
SEAL 580 417-926-3910 320 ml for glass.
container
SUPER “S” or (Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
“W” ture)
Adhesive
• Used as adhesive for glass.

Sika Japan, Polyethylene
20Y-54-39850 310 ml (Using limit: 6 months after date of manufac-
Sikaflex 256HV container
Adhesive for cab glass
ture)
SUNSTAR Ecocart • Used as adhesive for glass.
PENGUINE 22M-54-27210 320 ml (Special (Using limit: 6 months after date of manufac-
SUPER 560 container) ture)
SUNSTAR • Used to seal joints of glass parts.
Polyethylene
PENGUINE 417-926-3920 320 ml (Using limit: 4 months after date of manufac-
container
SEAL No. 2505 ture)
Caulking material
SEKISUI • Used to seal front window.

Polyethylene
SILICONE 20Y-54-55130 333 ml (Using limit: 6 months after date of manufac-
container
SEALANT ture)
• Used to seal joint of glasses.
GE TOSHIBA
Translucent white seal.
SILICONES 22M-54-27220 333 ml Cartridge
(Using limit: 12 months after date of manufac-
TOSSEAL 381
ture)
30-4-2 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY SPECIAL TOOL LIST
SPECIAL TOOL LIST

★ Tools with part number 79 T- - cannot be supplied (they are items to be locally manufac-
tured).
★ Necessity: ■ ........... Cannot be substituted, must always be installed (used)

●............Extremely useful if available or can be substituted with commercially available part
★ New/Remodel: N ........... Tools with new part numbers, newly developed for this model
R:........... Tools with upgraded part numbers, remodeled from items already available for oth-
er models
Blank: ...Tools already available for other models, can be used without any modification
★ Tools marked in the Sketch column are tools introduced in the sketches of the special tools (See SKETCH-
ES OF SPECIAL TOOLS).
New/Remodel
Necessity
Symbol
Sketch
Nature of work,
Q'ty
Component Part No. Part Name
remarks
1 795-799-1131 Gear ■ 1 Cranking of engine

Removal, installation of fuel
injection pump assembly Removal of injec-
2 795-799-1390 Remover ■ 1
tion pump gear
Removal, installation of noz- A Removal of nozzle
3 795-799-1170 Puller ● 1
zle holder assembly holder
Removal, installation of cylin- Installation of cylin-
4 790-331-1110 Wrench ■ 1
der head assembly der head bolt
791-830-1320 Rod ■ 1
01580-01613 Nut ■ 1
01643-31645 Washer ■ 1
Pulling out of plane-
1 790-101-2540 Washer ■ 1
tary pinion shaft
790-101-2102 Puller assembly ■ 1
Disassembly, assembly of
J 790-201-2830 Spacer ■ 1
final drive assembly
790-101-1102 Hydraulic pump ■ 1
Loosening, tighten-
2 791-427-1410 Wrench ■ 1 N
ing of round nut
Installation of float-
3 791-545-1510 Installer ■ 1
ing seal
Press fitting of idler
1 791T-430-3210 Push tool ■ 1
Disassembly, assembly of bushing
idler assembly Installation of idler
2 791-675-1510 Installer ■ 1
floating seal
Press fitting of track
3 791T-430-3220 Push tool ■ 1
roller bushing
Disassembly, assembly of L Installation of track
4 791-651-1510 Installer ■ 1
track roller assembly roller floating seal
Charging with oil, air
5 790-601-1000 Oil pump ■ 1
leakage check
Installation of car-
Disassembly, assembly of
6 791-430-3230 Installer ■ 1 rier roller floating
carrier roller assembly
seal
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-5
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY SPECIAL TOOL LIST
New/Remodel
Necessity
Symbol
Sketch
Nature of work,
Q'ty
Component Part No. Part Name
remarks
791-685-8006 Compressor (B) ■ 1

790-201-2860 Spacer ■ 1
Disassembly, assembly of 791-635-3160 Extension ■ 1 Removal, installa-
M
recoil spring assembly Cylinder tion of recoil spring
790-101-1600 ■ 1
(686 kN {70 tons})
790-101-1102 Pump ■ 1
791-630-3200 Remover ■ 1
Disassembly, assembly of Cylinder Removal, installa-
R 790-101-1300 ■ 1
track (980 kN {100 tons}) tion of ring pin
790-101-1102 Hydraulic pump ■ 1
790-502-1003 Repair stand ■ 1 Disassembly,
1 assembly of hydrau-
790-101-1102 Pump ■ 1 lic cylinder
Removal, installa-
2 790-330-1100 Wrench ■ 1
tion of cylinder head
Loosening, tighten-
3 790-302-1270 Socket ■ 1
ing of piston nut
4 790-720-1000 Expander ■ 1
Installation of piston
796-720-1650 Rubber band ● 1
Disassembly, assembly of 5 ring
U 07281-01029 Clamp ● 1
hydraulic cylinder assembly
790-201-1702 Push tool kit 1
790-201-1751 • Push tool ■ 1 Press fitting of bush-
6
790-101-5021 • Grip ■ 1 ing
01010-50816 • Bolt ■ 1
790-201-1500 Push tool kit 1
790-201-1560 • Plate ■ 1 Press fitting of dust
7
790-101-5021 • Grip ■ 1 seal
01010-50816 • Bolt ■ 1
30-6 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY SKETCHES OF SPECIAL TOOLS
SKETCHES OF SPECIAL TOOLS

NOTE: Komatsu cannot accept any responsibility for special tools manufactured according to these sketches.
L1 Push tool
L3 Push tool
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-7
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY FUEL INJECTION PUMP ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF FUEL INJECTION PUMP ASSEMBLY

1. Open up both engine hoods (1). 8. Disconnect fuel inlet hoses (7) and (8) and
return hose (9).
2. Remove left engine side cover (2).
9. Remove fuel tubes (10) and (11).

3. Close the fuel stop valve.
10. Remove lubrication tube (12).
4. Disconnect fuel control linkage (3).
11. Disconnect 4 fuel injection tubes (13).
5. Disconnect decelerator pedal linkage (4). ★ Disconnect the tube end on the fuel injection
pump side.
6. Remove engine stop solenoid (5).
7. Disconnect air tube (6).
30-8 D31/37EX,PX-21
12. Remove cap (14). 16. Remove 4 mounting bolts (18) and fuel injection
pump assembly (19).
13. Remove injection pump nut (15).
★ Remove with a filter wrench, etc.
★ Take care not to drop the nut in the case.
14. Using tool A2, disconnect the shaft and drive

gear of the fuel injection pump.
15. Remove brackets (16) and (17).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-9
INSTALLATION OF FUEL INJECTION PUMP ASSEMBLY

• Carry out installation in the reverse order to ★ Stop barring immediately after the position-
removal. ing pin is pushed in (to prevent the position-
ing pin from being broken).
★ Adjust the fuel control linkage. For details,
see TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Adjusting
fuel control linkage.
★ Adjust the decelerator pedal linkage. For de-

tails, see TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Ad-
justing decelerator pedal linkage.
★ Adjust the engine stop solenoid linkage. For

details, see TESTING AND ADJUSTING,
Adjusting engine stop solenoid linkage.
★ Tighten the cap by turning it by 180 degrees.

2) Remove plug (21) and timing pin (22).
★ Install the fuel injection pump assembly ac-

cording to the following procedure.
1) Using tool A1, crank the engine forward
slowly and push No. 1 cylinder compression
top dead center positioning pin (20) into the
gear.
3) Reverse the fitting position of timing pin (22)

and match the groove of the timing pin to
pointer (23) in the pump and tighten plug
(21) temporarily.
★ If the tooth of pointer (23) is not matched
to the hole of the timing pin, match it by
turning the fuel injection pump shaft.
★ Referring to the following, push positioning
pin (20) into the gear securely.
• Dimension "a" of pin in free state: 24 mm
• Dimension "b" of pin when it is in contact
with gear: 20 mm
• Dimension "c" of pin when it is pushed
into gear: 16 mm
30-10 D31/37EX,PX-21
4) Install fuel injection pump assembly (19) 7) Remove plug (21) and install timing pin (22)
and tighten nut (18). in the reversed fitting position, then install
3 Nut: 43 ± 6 Nm {4.38 ± 0.61 kgm} the plug to the fuel injection pump.
3 Plug: 14.7 Nm {1.5 kgm}
5) Tighten fuel injection pump nut (15).

★ When installing the nut, take care ex- 8) Tighten fuel injection pump nut (15)
tremely not to drop it in the case. securely.
3 Nut: 3 Nut: 95 ± 10 Nm {9.7 ± 1.02 kgm}
12.5 ± 2.5 Nm {1.27 ± 0.25 kgm}
★ This value is not the final torque.
★ Do not heighten the tightening torque of
the nut more than above value so that
the No. 1 cylinder compression top dead
center positioning pin will not be dam-
aged.
• After the above work, carry out installation in the

reverse order to removal.
★ Adjust the fuel injection timing. For details, see

TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Adjusting fuel in-
jection timing.
6) Disengage No. 1 cylinder compression top • Bleeding air

dead center positioning pin (20). Bleed air from the fuel circuit. For details, see
TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Bleeding air from
fuel circuit.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-11
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 5. Using eyebolts, lift off engine hood (4).
minal of the battery.
k If the water temperature in the radiator is high, 4 Engine hood: 45 kg
you may get scalded. Accordingly, wait until the
water temperature lowers, then drain.
1. Remove the mounting bolts and cover (1).
2. Loosen the radiator cap and drain the cooling

water.
6 Radiator: Approx. 20 l
6. Remove both engine covers (5).
4. Remove clip of heater hose (2) and disconnect

dust indicator hose (3).
★ Disconnect the dust indicator hose end on
the air cleaner side.
7. Disconnect charge air cooler hose (6).
30-12 D31/37EX,PX-21
8. Disconnect air cleaner hose (7). 15. Disconnect wiring harness clamp (16).
9. Remove air cleaner band (8).
16. Disconnect engine water temperature sensor

connector (CN20) (17).
10. Disconnect the 3 wiring connectors, then dis-
connect the wiring harness clamp.
• (9): (CN1)
• (10): (CN2)
• (11): (CN3)
11. Remove the mounting bolt and air cleaner

assembly (12).
17. Disconnect 2 alternator wiring harnesses.

• (18): (CNT15)
• (19): (CNT16)
12. Disconnect 3 wiring connectors (13) and remove

the heater relay.
• Secured with bolt (CNT5)
• Secured with nut (CNT6), (CNT12)
13. Disconnect compressor wiring connector

(CN23) (14).
14. Disconnect engine stop solenoid wiring har-

nesses (CNT17) and (CNT18) (15).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-13
18. Disconnect charge air cooler hose (20). 22. Remove reservoir tank (26).
19. Disconnect oil filler tube (21) and oil filler hose 23. Disconnect radiator hose (27).
(22).
24. Disconnect heater hose (28).
25. Remove compressor bracket (29).
26. Remove fan guard (30).

★ Remove only the right fan guard.
27. Remove fan belt (31).

★ Using a wrench, etc., remove the fan belt
from the tension pulley.
28. Remove 2 mounting bolts (32) and alternator

assembly (33).
20. Disconnect harness clamp (23) and remove
muffler clamp (24).
21. Remove the mounting bolts and lift off muffler

assembly (25).
★ Remove the 4 upper and 2 lower muffler
mounting bolts.
4 Muffler assembly:
40 kg (Including bracket)
29. Remove the brackets and clamps from 2 places

and disconnect 4 fuel tubes (34).
★ Disconnect the fuel tubes in order from the
No. 1 tube (on the fan side).
30. Disconnect the linkage of engine stop solenoid

(35) and remove the engine stop solenoid.
31. Remove the clamp and 2 delivery tubes (36).
32. Remove the mounting bolt and bracket (37).
★ Remover the bracket and the fuel filter to-

gether.
30-14 D31/37EX,PX-21
33. Remove air tube (38). 40. Remove turbocharger assembly (49) and
exhaust manifold (50).
34. Remove bracket (39) and spill tube (40).
35. Disconnect boost hose (41) and remove clamp

(42).
★ Disconnect boost hose end on the intake
side.
41. Remove 4 head covers (51).
36. Remove water drain tube (43).

★ Remove the 2 mounting bolts, and the tube
is removed and divided into 2 pieces.
37. Disconnect charge air cooler hose (44).
38. Disconnect turbocharger lubrication inlet tube

(45) and outlet tube (46).
★ Disconnect end of tube (45) on the oil filter
side. 42. Remove the intake air heater ground wire, con-
nector (52), intake air heater (53), and cover
39. Remove bracket (47) and cover (48). (54).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-15
43. Remove 4 nozzle holder assemblies (55). 45. Remove push rod (57).
★ If the nozzle holder is difficult to remove, use 46. Lift off cylinder head assembly (58).
tool A3.
★ Take care that dirt and foreign matter will not 4 Cylinder head assembly: 40 kg
enter the mounting part of the nozzle holder.
47. Remove cylinder head gasket (59).
44. Remove rocker arm assembly (56).

★ Loosen the locknut, then loosen the adjust-
ment screw by 2 – 3 turns.
30-16 D31/37EX,PX-21
INSTALLATION OF CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY

• Carry out installation in the reverse order to
removal. ★ Adjust the engine stop solenoid linkage. For
details, see TESTING AND ADJUSTING,
Adjusting engine stop solenoid linkage.
★ When connecting the hose, apply spray
grease to the mating part (tube).
3 Charge air cooler hose clamp: 3 Bracket mounting bolt:
5.9 ± 0.5 Nm {0.6 ± 0.05 kgm} 24 ± 4 Nm {2.45 ± 0.41 kgm}
3 Air cleaner hose clamp: 3 Bracket mounting bolt:

5.9 ± 0.5 Nm {0.6 ± 0.05 kgm} 24 ± 4 Nm {2.45 ± 0.41 kgm}
3 Band: 9.8 ± 1.0 Nm {1.0 ± 0.1 kgm} ★ When connecting the hose, apply spray
3 Charge air cooler hose clamp:
★ Install the air cleaner cover with the top mark 5.9 ± 0.5 Nm {0.6 ± 0.05 kgm}
up.
3 Nipple: 34 ± 5 Nm {3.5 ± 0.5 kgm}

3 Bolt: 1.86 – 2.45 Nm {0.19 – 0.25 kgm} 3 Bolt: 10 ± 2 Nm {1.0 ± 2.0 kgm}
3 Nut: 2.45 – 2.94 Nm {0.25 – 0.3 kgm}
3 Nut: 29.4 – 44.2 Nm {3 – 4.5 kgm}

3 Nut: 23.5 – 29.4 Nm {2.4 – 3 kgm}
3 Bolt: 24 ± 4 Nm {2.45 ± 0.41 kgm}

3 Charge air cooler hose clamp: ★ Secure clearance of at least 10 mm between
5.9 ± 0.5 Nm {0.6 ± 0.05 kgm} the ground wire and fuel tube.
★ Use a new clamp. • Install the rocker arm assembly and cylinder
3 Clamp: 8.8 ± 0.5 Nm {0.9 ± 0.05 kgm} head assembly according to the following
procedure.
★ Check that there is not dirt or foreign
★ Pass the reservoir tank drain hose through matter on the mating face of the cylinder
the guide pipe of the shroud. head and in the cylinders.
1) Set cylinder head gasket (59) to the cylinder
block.
3 Radiator hose clamp: ★ Check that the gasket is matched to the
8.8 ± 0.5 Nm {0.9 ± 0.05 kgm} holes of the block.
2) Sling cylinder head assembly (58) and set it
to the cylinder block.
3 Tension pulley bolt: 3) Install push rod (57).
43 ± 6 Nm {4.38 ± 0.61 kgm} 4) Install rocker arm assembly (56) and tighten
the bolt with your fingers.
★ Check that the adjustment screw ball is
3 Bracket mounting bolt:
fitted to the socket of the push rod.
24 ± 4 Nm {2.45 ± 0.41 kgm}
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-17
5) Tighten the cylinder head mounting bolts in ii) When not using tool A4
the order shown in the following figure. • Make marks on the bolts and
2 Apply engine oil (SAE15W-40) to head with a marker pen, then
the threads and seats of the tighten each bolt by 90 ± 5º.
mounting bolts.
3 Cylinder head mounting bolt:
1st time: Tighten to 90 ± 5 Nm
{9.18 ± 0.51 kgm} in the
order of – .
6) Tighten rocker arm assembly (56).

3 Rocker arm mounting bolt:
24 ± 4 Nm {2.45 ± 0.41 kgm}
2nd time: Tighten to 120 ± 5 Nm

{12.24 ± 0.51 kgm} in
the order of , , ,
and .
3rd time:
i) When using tool A4
• Tighten bolts by 90 ± 5º in the
order of – with an angle
tightening wrench (Tool A4).
★ Adjust the valve clearance. For details, see

TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Adjusting
valve clearance.
• Refilling with water

★ Add water through the water filler to the
specified level. Run the engine until the wa-
ter is heated, then check the water level
again.
• Bleeding air
★ Bleed air from the fuel circuit. For details,
see TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Bleeding
air from fuel circuit.
30-18 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ENGINE FRONT SEAL
REMOVAL OF ENGINE FRONT SEAL

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 4. Remove 4 mounting bolts (4) and crankshaft
minal of the battery. pulley/vibration damper (5).
1. Remove the radiator guard assembly. For 5. Remove 27 mounting bolts (6) and cover (7).
details, see REMOVAL OF RADIATOR GUARD
ASSEMBLY.
2. Remove 4 mounting bolts and fan (1).
6. Remove dust seal (8).
3. Using lever , remove fan belt (2) and pulley

(3).
7. Remove seal (9).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-19
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ENGINE FRONT SEAL
INSTALLATION OF ENGINE FRONT SEAL

• Carry out installation in the reverse order to ★ Tighten the 20 cover mounting bolts in the
removal. order shown in the following instruction
drawings – .
3 Mounting bolt of crankshaft pulley/

vibration damper:
125 ± 5 Nm {12.75 ± 0.51 kgm}
★ Install the crankshaft pulley/vibration damper
lightly, then install the fan belt and tighten the
mounting bolts to the specified torque.
★ The gasket must not be projected more than

0.25 mm from the oil pan mating face.
★ Apply ThreeBond 1207D or equivalent in line
1 – 2 mm thick to the gasket mating face of
the cover.
★ Fit the gasket to the cover before installing
★ Press fitting dimension of seal "a":
them to the engine.
3 Cover mounting bolt:
18 ± 0.38 mm
24 ± 4 Nm {2.45 ± 0.41 kgm}
★ Tighten the 7 cover mounting bolts in the or-
der shown in the following instruction draw-
ings – .
30-20 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ENGINE REAR SEAL
REMOVAL OF ENGINE REAR SEAL

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- ★ Make a hole about 3 mm in diameter on the
minal of the battery. seal carrier.
1. Remove the damper. For details, see

REMOVAL OF DAMPER.
2. Remove the mounting bolts and set guide bolts

and lift off flywheel assembly (1).
★ Install the dent puller to the slide hammer

and insert them in the drilled hole and slide
the hammer to pull out seal (2).
3. Remove seal (2).

★ Make a hole about 3 mm in diameter on the
seal carrier. Install the dent puller to the slide
hammer and insert them in the above hole
and pull out the seal.
★ The seal can be also removed by breaking
the seal carrier with a screwdriver, etc. In
this case, however, take care not to damage
the seal fitting part of the flywheel, wear ring
of the crankshaft, etc.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ENGINE REAR SEAL
INSTALLATION OF ENGINE REAR SEAL

• Carry out installation in the reverse order to 2) Insert the assembly of pilot and oil seal
removal. (3) in the crankshaft and push the seal into
the flywheel.
3) Pull out pilot . Push in the oil seal from
3 Flywheel mounting bolt: the inside of the front cover outward.
137 ± 7 Nm {13.97 ± 0.71 kgm} 4) Using an aligning tool, install the seal to the
★ Tighten the mounting bolts in the order proper depth of the housing.
shown in the figure. ★ Hit around the aligning tool lightly with a
hammer to install the seal, checking that
the seal carrier is not bent.
★ Install the oil seal according to the following

procedure.
1) Install pilot to new oil seal (3).
★ Before installing the oil seal, degrease and
dry the seal mating face of the crankshaft
and seal lip surface to prevent oil leakage.
30-22 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY RADIATOR GUARD ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF RADIATOR GUARD ASSEMBLY

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 4. Using eyebolts, lift off engine hood (4).
k Lower the work equipment to the ground and 4 Engine hood: 80 kg
k If the water temperature in the radiator is high,
you may get scalded. Accordingly, wait until the
water temperature lowers, then drain.
2. Loosen the radiator cap and drain the cooling

water.
5. Remove both engine covers (5).
3. Remove clip of heater hose (2) and disconnect

dust indicator hose (3).
★ Disconnect the dust indicator hose end on 6. Remove reservoir tank bracket (6) and discon-
the air cleaner side. nect reservoir tank hose (7).
7. Disconnect charge air cooler outlet hose (8).
8. Disconnect radiator inlet hose (9).
9. Disconnect horn wiring connector (CN22) (10).
10. Remove both fan guards (11).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-23
11. Disconnect oil cooler outlet hose (12). 15. Sling radiator guard assembly (17) temporarily
★ Prepare a blind plug before disconnecting and remove 8 mounting bolts (16) from both
the hose. sides and 2 from the underside.
12. Disconnect radiator outlet hose (13). 16. Lift off radiator guard assembly (17).
13. Disconnect charge air cooler inlet hose (14). 4 Radiator guard assembly: 370 kg
14. Disconnect oil cooler inlet hose (15).

★ Prepare a blind plug before disconnecting
the hose.
30-24 D31/37EX,PX-21
INSTALLATION OF RADIATOR GUARD ASSEMBLY

removal.
★ Pass the reservoir tank drain hose through

the guide pipe of the shroud.
3 Radiator hose clamp:
8.8 ± 0.5 Nm {0.9 ± 0.05 kgm}
3 Charge air cooler hose clamp:
5.9 ± 0.5 Nm {0.6 ± 0.05 kgm}
★ When installing the radiator guard assembly,

peep through hole "a" to check that there is
not clearance between the stopper and
frame on each side.
k Never insert your finger in hole "a".
3 Mounting bolt:
245 – 309 Nm {25 – 31.5 kgm}
★ Install the radiator guard assembly so that
distance "b" between back side of the shroud
and the compressor bracket of the air condi-
tioner will be 142 mm.

★ Add water through the water filler to the
specified level. Run the engine to heighten
the water temperature. Then, check the wa-
ter level again.
• Refilling with oil (Hydraulic tank)

★ Add oil through the oil filler to the specified
level. Run the engine to circulate the oil
through the system. Then, check the oil level
again.
• Bleeding air (HST circuit)

★ Bleed air from the HST pump circuit. For de-
tails, see REMOVAL OF HST PUMP AS-
SEMBLY.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-25
RADIATOR, OIL COOLER, AND CHARGE
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY AIR COOLER ASSEMBLIES
DISASSEMBLY OF RADIATOR, OIL COOLER, AND CHARGE AIR

COOLER ASSEMBLIES
1. Charge air cooler assembly 2. Oil cooler assembly
1) Remove horn wiring (1). 1) Remove 4 upper mounting bolts (9) and 2
2) Remove tube (2). lower mounting bolts (10).
3) Remove cover (3) and shroud (4).
4) Remove upper covers (5) and (6).

5) Remove lower cover (7).
2) Remove left cleaning and inspection cover

(11).
★ If the mounting bolt of the cleaning and
inspection cover is loosened with an im-
6) Remove charge air cooler assembly (8).
pact wrench, it is loosened too much and
the bolt pin is broken. Accordingly, loos-
en it with a wrench by hand.
★ If the oil cooler assembly is removed
without removing the cleaning and in-
spection cover, the pin may touch and
break the core. Accordingly, remove the
cleaning and inspection cover first.
30-26 D31/37EX,PX-21
3) Lift off oil cooler assembly (12). 2) Remove right cleaning and inspection cover
(15).
4 Oil cooler: 35 kg ★ If the mounting bolt of the cleaning and
inspection cover is loosened with an im-
pact wrench, it is loosened too much and
the bolt pin is broken. Accordingly, loos-
★ If the oil cooler assembly is removed
without removing the cleaning and in-
spection cover, the pin may touch and
break the core. Accordingly, remove the
cleaning and inspection cover first.
3. Radiator assembly
1) Remove 4 upper mounting bolts (13) and 2
lower mounting bolts (14).
3) Lift off radiator (16).
4 Radiator: 80 kg
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-27
ASSEMBLY OF RADIATOR, OIL COOLER, AND CHARGE AIR

COOLER ASSEMBLIES
1. Radiator assembly 3) Install 2 lower mounting bolts (14) and 4
1) Sling and install radiator assembly (16). upper mounting bolts (13).
★ When inserting the radiator assembly in
the radiator guard, apply grease to the
seat.
4 Radiator: 80 kg
2) Install right cleaning and inspection cover

(15).
inspection cover is tightened with an im-
pact wrench, it is tightened too much and
the bolt pin is broken. Accordingly, tight-
2. Oil cooler assembly

1) Sling and install oil cooler assembly (12).
★ When inserting the oil cooler assembly
in the radiator guard, apply grease to the
seat.
4 Oil cooler: 35 kg
30-28 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY RADIATOR, OIL COOLER, AND CHARGE AIR COOLER ASSEMBLIES
2) Install left cleaning and inspection cover 3. Charge air cooler assembly
(11). 1) Install charge air cooler assembly (8).
inspection cover is tightened with an im-
pact wrench, it is tightened too much and
the bolt pin is broken. Accordingly, tight-
2) Install lower cover (7).

3) Install upper covers (6) and (5).
3) Install 2 lower mounting bolts (10) and 4

upper mounting bolts (9).
4) Install shroud (4) and cover (3).

5) Install tube (2).
6) Install horn wiring (1).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-29
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ENGINE ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF ENGINE ASSEMBLY

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 6. Remove 2 fuse boxes (10) and disconnect 3 wir-
minal of the battery. ing harness clamps (11).
★ Among the 3 clamps, 1 is installed inside.
1. Remove the radiator guard assembly. For
details, see REMVAL OF RADIATOR GUARD
ASSEMBLY.
2. Remove the operator’s cab frame assembly.

For details, see REMVAL OF OPERATOR’S
CAB FRAME ASSEMBLY.
3. Disconnect main control valve hoses (1) and (2).

• (1): To oil cooler (Hose color band: Blue)
• (2): To Hydraulic pump
(Hose color band: Red)
4. Disconnect hydraulic tank hose (3).

• From oil cooler to hydraulic tank filter 7. Disconnect 4 wiring harness clamps (12).
★ Among the 4 clamps, 1 is installed inside and
5. Disconnect the following 8 HST pump hoses. another is secured together with a part.
8. Disconnect starting motor wiring harness (13).

• (4): From charge filter
★ Only positive (+) side.
• (5): To drain
• (6): To charge filter
9. Disconnect the following 5 wiring connectors.
• (7): From hydraulic tank
• (14): (CN6) for panel
• (8): To upper travel motor, R.H. reverse
(Hose color band: Blue)
: To lower travel motor, L.H. forward
• (17): (CN17) for auxiliary power supply
(Hose color band: Yellow)
• (18): (CN18) for backup power supply
• (9): To upper travel motor, R.H. forward
(Hose color band: Green)
: To lower travel motor, L.H. reverse
(Hose color band: Orange)
★ The photograph shows the D39-21, but in
the case of the D31 and D37-21, there is a
branch hose, so disconnect the branch hose
also.
30-30 D31/37EX,PX-21
10. Remove the 3 mounting bolts and cover (19). 15. Disconnect 3 starting motor wiring harnesses
(28).
• (CNT1): Starting motor terminal B
• (CNT2): Starting motor terminal C
16. Disconnect engine ground wire (29).
11. Remove the 8 mounting bolts and lift off front

bracket (20).
4 Front bracket: 65 kg
17. Disconnect heater hoses (30) and (31).
18. Remove 4 engine mounting bolts (32) from the

front and rear sections.
12. Disconnect the following 2 hoses of work equip-

ment pump (21).
• Upper hose: Discharge
• Lower hose: Suction
13. Disconnect the following 3 fuel hoses. 19. Sling engine assembly (33).
• (22): Fuel outlet
• (23): Fuel inlet 4 Engine assembly:
• (24): Fuel outlet 650 kg (Including HST pump assembly)
14. Disconnect the following 3 wiring connectors.

• (25): (CN1)
• (26): (CN2)
• (27): (CN3)
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-31
INSTALLATION OF ENGINE ASSEMBLY

removal.
3 Flange mounting bolt:

98 – 123 Nm {10 – 12.5 kgm}
2 Mounting bolt: Adhesive (LT-2)
3 Hose clamp:
8.8 ± 0.5 Nm {0.9 ± 0.05 kgm}
★ Install the engine ground wire terminal verti-

cally.

3 Mounting bolt:
245 – 308.7 Nm {25 – 31.5 kgm}
30-32 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY DAMPER
REMOVAL OF DAMPER INSTALLATION OF DAMPER

1. Remove the operator’s cab frame assembly. • Carry out installation in the reverse order to
For details, see REMOVAL OF OPERATOR’S removal.
CAB FRAME ASSEMBLY. ★ Clean the pump mating face thoroughly.
★ Take care not to apply too much gasket seal-
2. Remove the HST pump assembly. For details, ant.
see REMOVAL OF HST PUMP ASSEMBLY.
3. Remove 12 cover mounting bolts (1). ★ Apply gasket sealant to the mating faces of
the HST pump assembly and cover and to
those of flywheel housing and cover.
2 Mating face:
Gasket sealant (LG-6)
3 Mounting bolt:
58.8 – 73.5 Nm {6 – 7.5 kgm}
★ Install the coupling with the inside projection

directed toward the output (pump) side.
3 Mounting bolt:
44.1 – 53.9 Nm {4.5 – 5.5 kgm}
4. Using guide bolt and forcing screw ,
remove cover (2).
5. Remove 8 coupling mounting bolts (3) and cou-

pling (4).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-33
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY TRAVEL MOTOR AND FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF TRAVEL MOTOR AND FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY

k Lower the work equipment to the ground and 5. Disconnect pilot hoses (6) and (7).
stop the engine. Then, loosen the hydraulic oil • (6): Left travel motor, change to 3rd gear
filler cap slowly to release the internal pressure speed (Hose color band: Green)
of the hydraulic tank. • (7): Left travel motor, change to 2nd gear
speed (Hose color band: Yellow)
1. Spread the track shoe. For details, see • (6): Right travel motor, change to 2nd gear
SPREADING TRACK SHOE. speed (Hose color band: Yellow)
• (7): Right travel motor, change to 3rd gear
2. Using hydraulic jacks, lift up the machine body speed (Hose color band: Green)
and set stand under the steering case.
6. Disconnect parking brake hose (8).
• Hose color band: Orange
7. Disconnect drain hose (9).

★ Plug the disconnected pipes and hoses to
prevent foreign matter from entering them.
3. Remove covers (1), (2), and (3).
8. Remove the mounting bolts and guard (10).
4. Disconnect main hoses (4) and (5).

• (4): Left travel motor, reverse
• (5): Left travel motor, forward
• (4): Right travel motor, reverse
• (5): Right travel motor, forward
30-34 D31/37EX,PX-21
9. Sling travel motor and final drive assembly (11)

temporarily.
INSTALLATION OF TRAVEL
MOTOR AND FINAL DRIVE
10. Remove the 24 mounting bolts and travel motor ASSEMBLY
and final drive assembly (11).
★ If shims are inserted, check their quantity • Carry out installation in the reverse order to
and positions. removal.
4 Travel motor and final drive assembly

(Each side): 300 kg 3 Mounting bolt:
98 – 123 Nm {10 – 12.5 kgm}
2 Guard mounting bolt: Adhesive (LT-2)

★ Take extreme care that each hose will not be
twisted when connected.

again.

tails, see INSTALLATION OF HST PUMP
ASSEMBLY.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-35
DISASSEMBLY OF TRAVEL MOTOR AND

FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY
1. Draining oil 3. Ring gear
Remove the drain plug to drain the oil from the 1) Remove 18 mounting bolts (3).
final drive case.
6 Final drive case: 3.91 l
2. Cover
1) Remove 12 mounting bolts (1).
2) Using 2 forcing screws , remove ring gear

(4).
2) Using 2 forcing screws , remove cover

(2).
4. No. 1 planetary carrier assembly

1) Remove thrust washer (5).
2) Remove No. 1 planetary carrier assembly
(6).
30-36 D31/37EX,PX-21
3) Disassemble No. 1 planetary carrier assem- 7. No. 2 planetary carrier assembly (Travel
bly according to the following procedure. motor case)
i) Drive pin (7) into shaft (8). 1) Remove mounting bolts (15).
★ 3 sets ★ 3 sets
ii) Remove shaft (8) from No. 1 planetary
carrier assembly.
★ After removing the shaft, remove pin
(7) from shaft (8).
★ 3 sets
iii) Remove 2 thrust washers (9), gear (10),
and bearing (11).
★ 3 sets.
2) Using tools J1, pull shaft (16) out of No. 2

planetary carrier assembly.
★ 3 sets
5. No. 1 sun gear

Remove No. 1 sun gear (12) first.
3) Remove ball (17).

★ 3 sets
4) Remove gear (18) from No. 2 planetary car-
rier assembly.
★ 3 sets
5) Remove 2 inner race bearings (19) from
gear (18).
6. No. 2 sun gear ★ 3 sets
2) Remove No. 2 sun gear (14).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-37
6) Remove 2 outer race bearings (20) from the 8. Hub assembly

gear. 1) Remove lock plate (22).
★ 3 sets
2) Using tool J2, remove nut (23).

3) Using 2 eyebolts , remove hub assembly

(24) from No. 2 planetary carrier assembly
(travel motor case).
30-38 D31/37EX,PX-21
4) Disassemble the hub assembly according to

the following procedure.
i) Remove floating seal (25).
ii) Remove 2 inner race bearings (26).
iii) Remove 2 outer race bearings (27).
9. Travel motor case (No. 2 planetary carrier

assembly)
Remove floating seal (28) from travel motor
case (29).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-39
ASSEMBLY OF TRAVEL MOTOR AND FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY

★ Clean the all parts and check them for dirt or 2) Using the push tool, press fit 2 inner race
damage. Coat their sliding surfaces with engine bearing (26).
oil before installing. 3) Using tool J3, install floating seal (25) to the
★ Adjust the pre-load at the normal temperature hub assembly.
while the temperature difference between the ★ For the installation procedure, see step 1
travel motor case, bearing, hub, and nut is 3° or above.
less.
1. Travel motor case (No. 2 planetary carrier

assembly)
Using tool J3, install floating seal (28).
★ Remove all oil and grease from the O-ring
and O-ring contact surface, and dry them be-
fore installing the floating seal.
★ Insert the tool by pushing the O-ring.
★ After installing the floating seal, check that its
slant is within 1 mm.
★ After installing the floating seal, thinly apply
power line oil (TO30) to the sliding parts.
4) Using eyebolts , set hub assembly (24) to

No. 2 planetary carrier assembly (travel
motor case).
★ When inserting the hub assembly in the
No. 2 planetary carrier assembly (Travel
motor case), check that the bearing and
travel motor case insertion surface are
free from flaws, burrs and dirt and take
care that the bearing will not slant.
2. Assembly of hub assembly

1) Using the push tool, press fit 2 outer race
bearings (27).
★ Press fit each bearing until its outer race
end comes in full contact with the hub.
★ After press fitting each bearing, check
that a thickness gauge of 0.03 mm can-
not go through the clearance between
the outer race end and hub.
30-40 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
5) Using push tool , press the inner race on 3] Tighten nut (23) to 245 Nm {25 kgm}.
the bearing on the nut side with a press. Rotate hub assembly (24) to the right by
★ Pressing force on inner race: 3 turns and then to the left by 3 turns,
8.8 – 12.7 kN {0.9 – 1.3 tons} and then tighten nut (23) again to 245
★ After installing hub assembly (24), re- Nm {25 kgm}.
volve the hub by 2 – 3 turns against the
travel motor case.
4] Make match mark (a) between nut (23)

and travel motor case (29).
6) Tighten the nut and adjust the pre-load on
the bearing according to the following proce-
dure.
★ If nut (23) is not tightened sufficiently
(bearings (26) slant and do not go all the
way), the contact surfaces of floating
seals (25) and (28) may be damaged.
Accordingly, tighten nut (23) securely
according to the shown procedure.
5] Tighten nut (23) to the range of 245 –

490 Nm {25 – 50 kgm}. Using push-pull
scale [5], adjust the pre-load on the
bearing (the rotating force of the hub at
a bolt hole on its periphery). Both of the
following must be satisfied.
(1) Rotating force at bolt hole on
periphery of hub: 127 – 206 N {13 –
21 kg}
1] Using tool J2, tighten nut (23) to 490
Nm {50 kgm} temporarily. Rotate hub
assembly (24) to the right by 3 turns and
then to the left by 3 turns, and then
tighten nut (23) again to 490 Nm {50
kgm}.
★ Tighten the nut to 490 Nm {50 kgm}
to prevent the bearing from slanting.
2 Nut: Molybdenum disulfide
lubricant (LM-P)
2] Loosen nut (23) to below 196 Nm {20
kgm}.
★ Do not loosen to 0 Nm {0 kgm}. If
you have loosened to 0 Nm {0 kgm},
tighten again to 490 Nm {50 kgm}.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-41
(8)
(2) When tightening the nut, check that 3. No. 2 planetary carrier assembly
the rotation angle of the nut is 0.5 – 1) Install thrust washer (21).
1 adjustment notch of the nut by the
deviation of the nut from the match
mark made in step 4].
2) Install 2 outer race bearings (20) to the gear.

★ 3 sets
7) Install lock plate (22).
3) Install 2 inner race bearings (19) to gear

(18).
★ If the lock plate is turned over, it deviates ★ 3 sets
by 1/2 notch. Accordingly, install it so 4) Install gear (18) to No. 2 planetary carrier
that its claw will be fitted to a notch of the assembly.
nut. ★ 3 sets
2 Threads of mounting bolt: 5) Install shaft (16) and ball (17) to No. 2 plane-
Adhesive (LT-2) tary carrier assembly.
3 Mounting bolt: ★ Install the shaft by expansion fit.
58.8 – 73.5 Nm {6 – 7.5 kgm} ★ Match the hole of the shaft to that of the
carrier and install the shaft by hitting it
lightly with a plastic hammer, etc.
★ 3 sets
30-42 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
6) Tighten mounting bolt (15). 6. No. 1 planetary carrier assembly

3 Mounting bolt: 1) Assemble No. 1 planetary carrier assembly
98 – 122.5 Nm {10 – 12.5 kgm} according to the following procedure.
★ After assembling No. 2 planetary carrier ★ Replace the thrust washers and pin with
assembly, check that gear (18) rotates new ones.
smoothly. i) Install bearing (11) to gear (10) and fit
★ 3 sets upper and lower thrust washers (9),
then set gear (10) to No. 1 planetary
carrier assembly.
ii) Match the pin hole of shaft (8) to that of
the carrier and install shaft (8) by hitting
it lightly with a plastic hammer, etc.
★ Take care not to damage the thrust
washers.
iii) Insert pin (7).
4. No. 2 sun gear

Install sun gear (14) and thrust washer (13) to
No. 2 planetary carrier assembly.
★ After inserting the pin, bend pin "a" of the

carrier.
5. No. 1 sun gear

Install No. 1 sun gear (12).
★ After assembling No. 1 planetary carrier

assembly, check that gear (10) rotates
smoothly.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-43
(8)
2) Install No. 1 planetary carrier assembly (6). 8. Cover

3) Install thrust washer (5). 1) Using 2 through bolts , install cover (2).
2) Install cover (2) to the ring gear with 12
mounting bolts (1).
2 Cover mating face:
Gasket sealant (1207B)
3 Mounting bolt:
98 – 122.5 Nm {10 – 12.5 kgm}
7. Ring gear
1) Fit the O-ring to the hub side. Using eye-
bolts and matching the bolt holes of ring
gear (4) to those of the hub, install ring gear
(4).
★ Degrease the mating faces of the ring
gear and hub. 9. Refilling with oil
Tighten the plug and add power line oil through
the oil filler.
3 Plug: 58.8 – 78.4 Nm {6.0 – 8.0 kgm}
5 Final drive case: Approx.

3.91 l (TO30)
★ Check the oil level after installing the travel
motor and final drive assembly to the ma-
chine body.
2) Tighten ring gear (4) with 18 mounting bolts

(3).
3 Mounting bolt:
245 – 308.7 Nm {25 – 31.5 kgm}
30-44 D31/37EX,PX-21
(8)
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY IDLER AND RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF IDLER AND INSTALLATION OF IDLER

RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY AND RECOIL SPRING
ASSEMBLY
1. Spread the track shoe. For details, see
SPREADING TRACK SHOE. • Carry out installation in the reverse order to
removal.
2. Pull out idler and recoil spring assembly (1) and
sling it by the rod to remove it.
4 Idler and recoil spring assembly:

170 kg
3. Remove bolt (2) and separate idler (3) and recoil

spring assembly (4) from each other.
4 Idler: 100 kg
4 Recoil spring assembly: 70 kg
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-45
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY
DISASSEMBLY OF RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY
1. Remove the mounting bolts and lock plate (1). 3) Remove 2 lock plates (7) and nut (6).
★ Compress the spring until the nut be-
2. Remove valve (3) comes loose.
★ Release the hydraulic pressure slowly to
3. Remove rod assembly (5) from recoil spring lower the tension of the spring to zero.
assembly (4). 4) Remove pilot (9) and cylinder (10) from
spring (8).
4. Disassembly of recoil spring assembly 5) Remove snap ring (11), spacer (12), dust
1) Set recoil spring assembly (4) to tool M. seal (13), and bushing (14) from cylinder
kSince the installed load of the spring is (10).
large and dangerous, set it securely.
★ Installed load of spring: 5. Disassembly of rod assembly
71.54 kN {7,300 kg} 1) Remove wear ring (16) from rod assembly
(5).
2) Remove snap ring (17) and U-packing (18).
2) Apply hydraulic pressure slowly to com-

press the spring and tighten nut (6).
30-46 D31/37EX,PX-21
ASSEMBLY OF RECOIL SPRING ASSEMBLY
1. Assembly of rod assembly 3) Using push tool , install spacer (12) and
1) Install U-packing (18) to rod assembly (5) secure it with snap ring (11).
and secure it with snap ring (17).
2) Install wear ring (16).
2. Assembly of recoil spring assembly

1) Using push tool , press fit bushing (14) to
cylinder (10).
★ Secure the cylinder with block .
2) Install seal (13) to cylinder (10).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-47
4) Install cylinder (10) and pilot (9) to spring

(8), then set them to tool M.
5) Apply hydraulic pressure slowly to com-
press the spring.
6) Set the installed length of the spring to "a".
7) Position the spring with nut (6) and lock it
with lock plate (7).
3 Nut: 294 Nm {30.0 kgm}
8) Remove recoil spring assembly (4) from the
tool.
3. Supply at least 120 cc of grease to cylinder (10),

taking care not to leave any bubble in part "A".
2 Inside of cylinder: Grease (G2-LI)
4. Install rod assembly (5) to recoil spring assem-

bly (4).
★ Install the rod with valve (3) loosened, then
insert the rod assembly.
5. Secure valve (3) with lock plate (1).

★ Install the valve with the fitting out.
3 Valve: 58.8 – 88.2 Nm {6 – 9 kgm}
30-48 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY IDLER ASSEMBLY
DISASSEMBLY OF IDLER ASSEMBLY

5. Pull idler (7) out of the shaft and support assem-
bly.
★ Oil of 160 cc is filled in. Drain it at this time
or spread cloths so that the floor will not be
stained with it.
6. Remove floating seals (9) from idler (7) and

shaft and support assembly.
7. Remove nut (11) and bolt (12).
8. Remove 2 bushings (13) from idler (7).
1. Remove mounting bolts, guide (1), and shims

(2).
★ Check the quantity of the shims.
2. Remove nut (3) and bolt (4).
3. Remove support (5).
4. Remove floating seals (6) from support (5) and

idler (7).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-49
ASSEMBLY OF IDLER ASSEMBLY

4. Using tool L2, install floating seal (9) to idler (7).
★ When installing the floating seal, degrease

and dry the mating faces of the O-ring and
floating seal (indicated with thick line A)
completely. The contact surfaces of the
floating seal must be free from dirt.
★ After installing the floating seal, check that its
slant is within 1mm and its projection " " is
6.5 – 10.5 mm.
1. Using tool L1, press fit 2 bushings (13) to idler

(7).
2. Fit the O-ring to shaft (8), then install them to

support (10).
3. Insert bolt (12) in support (10) and tighten nut

(11).
2 Bolt: Liquid adhesive (LT-2)
3 Nut: 89 – 123 Nm {9 – 12.5 kgm}
30-50 D31/37EX,PX-21
5. Using tool L2, install floating seal (9) to support 8. Using tool L2, install floating seal (6) to support
(10). (5).
★ For precautions for installing the floating ★ For precautions for installing the floating
seal, see ★ in step 4 above. seal, see ★in step 4 above.
6. Install idler (7) to the shaft and support assem- 9. Fit the O-ring to shaft (8).
bly.
10. Supply oil through the hole of shaft (8) and
7. Using tool L2, install floating seal (6) to idler (7). tighten the plug.
5 Oil: Approx. 160 cc (SAE30-CD)

3 Plug: 98 – 137 Nm {10 – 14 kgm}
★ For precautions for installing the floating

seal, see ★ in step 4 above.
11. Install support (5).
12. Insert bolt (4) in support (5) and tighten nut (3).
3 Nut: 89 – 123 {9 – 12.5 kgm}
13. Install shims (2) and guide (1).

D31/37EX,PX-21 30-51
DISASSEMBLY OF TRACK ROLLER ASSEMBLY

1. Remove plug (1) and drain oil. 6. Remove floating seals (7) and (8) from roller (6).
6 Track roller: Approx. 150 cc 7. Remove bushing (9) and (10) from roller (6).
2. Set roller assembly (2) to block . 8. Remove ring (11), then remove collar (12) from
shaft (13).
3. Push collar (3) and pull out ring (4), then remove
collar (3).
9. Remove floating seal (14) from collar (12).
4. Remove floating seal (5) from collar (3). 10. Remove O-rings (15) from shaft (13).
5. Pull out roller (6) from shaft.
30-52 D31/37EX,PX-21
ASSEMBLY OF TRACK ROLLER ASSEMBLY

1. Fit O-rings (15) to shaft (13) and assemble collar
(12), then install ring (11).
★ After assembling, tighten plug (1) temporari-
ly.
2. Using tool L4, install floating seal (14) to collar

(12).
3. Using push tool , press fit bushings (9) and

(10) to roller (6).
2 Bushing press-fitting portion:

Engine oil (EO30-CD)
★ Bushing press-fitting force:
29.4 ± 3.92 kN {3.0 ± 0.4 ton}
★ Precautions when assembling floating seal. 4. Install floating seal (8) to roller (6).
1) When assembling the floating seal, ★ For details of the precautions when installing
degrease and dry the parts indicated the floating seals, see Step 2, ★ Precautions
with thick line A (O-ring and mating face when assembling floating seal.
of the O-ring).
2) After assembling the floating seal,
check that the angle of the seal is less
than 1 mm.
3) After assembling, check that protrusion
of the floating seal is within a range
of 7 – 11 mm.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-53
5. Set shaft (13) and collar (12) assembly on block 8. Install floating seal (5) to collar (3).
, then assemble roller (6). ★ For details of the precautions when installing
★ Coat the sliding surface of the floating seal the floating seals, see Step 2, ★ Precaution
with engine oil, and make sure that no dirt or when assembling floating seal.
dust sticks to the surface. ★ Coat the sliding surface of the floating seal
★ When assembling the roller, coat the shaft or with engine oil, and make sure that no dirt or
bushing with engine oil. dust sticks to the surface.
6. Refilling with oil 9. Fit roller (2) to collar (3), then install ring (4).
Pour oil through clearance between shaft (13)
and roller (6).
5 Roller: Approx. 150 cc (EO30-CD)

★ When using tool B to add the oil, add the oil
after completing the total assembly.
10. Using tool L5, apply basic pressure to roller oil

filler port, and check for leakage of air from seal.
★ Basic pressure: 0.1 MPa {1 kg/cm2}
★ Method of checking
The basic pressure shall be maintained for
10 seconds and the indicator of the gauge
7. Install floating seal (8). shall not go down.
★ For details of the precautions when installing
the floating seals, see Step 2, ★ Precautions
when assembling floating seal.
30-54 D31/37EX,PX-21
11. If oil was not added in Step 6, use tool L5, to fill
track roller assembly with oil.
5 Track roller oil:

Approx. 150 cc (EO30-CD)
12. Checking oil level

Stand the track roller as shown in the diagram
below and leave it for a short time, then insert a
wire from the oil filler port and check height L to
the oil surface.
★ Distance L from end face of shaft to oil sur-
face: 106 mm
13. Tighten plug (1).

3 Plug: 117.7 ± 19.6 Nm {12 ± 2 kgm}
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-55
DISASSEMBLY OF CARRIER ROLLER ASSEMBLY

1. Remove cap (1) from carrier roller assembly.
2. Remove bolt (2), then remove plate (3).
3. Remove roller assembly (4).
4. Disassembly of roller assembly

1) Remove floating seal (5) from roller assem-
bly (4).
2) Set roller assembly on block , and using
push tool , remove bushing (6).
5. Disassembly of shaft, support assembly

1) Remove floating seal (8) from shaft and
support assembly (7).
2) Set shaft and support assembly (7) on block
, and using push tool , remove shaft
(10) from support (9) with press.
30-56 D31/37EX,PX-21
ASSEMBLY OF CARRIER ROLLER ASSEMBLY

1. Assembly of shaft, support assembly. 2. Assembly of roller assembly.
1) Set support (9) on block , and using push Using push tool , press fit bushing (6).
tool , press fit shaft (10).
★ Press-fitting force: 3. Set shaft and support assembly (7) in position,
19.6 – 106.8 kN (2 – 10.9 ton) and assemble roller assembly (4).
2 Shaft: Anti-friction compound (LM-P)
4. Assemble plate (3), and tighten with bolt (2).
2) Install floating seals (8) and (5). 3 Mounting bolt:
★ When installing the floating seal, de- 176.5 ± 19.6 Nm {18 ± 2 kgm}
grease and dry the parts indicated with
thick line A (O-ring and mating face of
the O-ring).
★ After installing the floating seal, check
that its slant is within 1 mm and its pro-
jection " " is 4 – 8 mm.
5. Fill roller with oil.
5 Carrier roller: Approx. 200 – 220 cc

(Engine oil EO30-CD)
6. Fit O-ring to cap (1) and install to carrier roller

assembly.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-57
SPREADING TRACK SHOE ASSEMBLY

1. Position the master link properly. 4. Remove the track shoe of master link (3).
★ Start the engine and position each master ★ Pull both sides of the master link with wires
link in front of the idler. and chain blocks and remove the master link
★ Set a block, jack, etc. under the track shoe in bolts to disconnect the master link.
front of each idler.
2. Remove mounting bolts and cover (1).
5. Guiding the track link end with a crane, move

the machine slowly in reverse to spread the
track shoe assembly (4).
3. Loosen lubricator (2) to lower the tension of the
track shoe.
k Since the pressure in the recoil spring cylin-
der is very high, do not loosen the lubricator
more than one turn. If the track tension is
not lowered, move the machine forward and
in reverse.
30-58 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY TRACK SHOE ASSEMBLY
INSTALLATION OF TRACK SHOE ASSEMBLY

removal.
★ Adjust the tension of the track shoe. For de-

tails, see TESTING AND ADJUSTING, Test-
ing adjusting tension of track shoe.
★ Tension of track shoe: 20 – 30 mm
2 Master link bolt:

Seizure prevention compound
(MARUZEN MOLYMAX No. 2 or
equivalent)
3 Master link bolt:
Initial torque:
147.1 ± 19.6 Nm {15 ± 2 kgm}
Retightening angle: 180 ± 10º
★ When winding the track shoe, use a bar, etc. to
prevent the link from parting from the sprocket.
★ Take proper measures so that the mating faces
and threads of the master link will not be rusted,
bruised, or deformed. In addition, check that the
mating faces and threads are free from dirt.
★ Tighten the master link bolts in the order of –
.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-59
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HST PUMP ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF HST PUMP ASSEMBLY

k Lower the work equipment to the ground and 5. Sling HST pump (10) temporarily and remove
stop the engine. Then, loosen the hydraulic oil upper and lower mounting bolts (11) and (12).
of the hydraulic tank. • Bolt (11): 2 pieces
• Bolt (12): 4 pieces
For details, see REMOVAL OF OPERATOR’S
CAB FRAME ASSEMBLY.
2. Disconnect main control valve hoses (1) and (2).

• (2): To Hydraulic pump
3. Disconnect hydraulic tank hose (3).

• From oil cooler to hydraulic tank filter
4. Disconnect the following 8 HST pump hoses.
• (4) : From charge filter 6. Lift off HST pump assembly (10).
• (5) : To drain hole
4 HST pump assembly: 140 kg
• (6) : To charge filter
• (7) : From hydraulic tank
• (8) : To upper travel motor, R.H. reverse
: To lower travel motor, L.H. forward
• (9) : To upper travel motor, R.H. forward
: To lower travel motor, L.H. reverse
★ The photograph shows the D39-21, but in
branch hose, so disconnect the branch hose
also.
30-60 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HST PUMP ASSEMBLY
INSTALLATION OF HST PUMP ASSEMBLY

removal.
3 Flange bolt:
98 – 123 Nm {10 – 12.5 kgm}
2 Threads of mounting bolt:

Gasket sealant (LG-5)
3 Bolt (11):
245 – 309 Nm {25 – 31.5 kgm}
3 Bolt (12):
98 – 123 Nm {10 – 12.5 kgm}
• Bleeding air
1) Before starting the engine, loosen bleeder
(13) and check that oil is oozing out through
the bleeder.
★ Bleed air while the engine is stopped.
2) When oil containing no bubbles flows out,
tighten the bleeder.
3 Bleeder:
7.8 – 9.8 Nm {0.8 – 1.0 kgm}

again.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-61
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY MAIN CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF MAIN CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY

k Lower the work equipment to the ground and 3. Disconnect the following 8 main control valve
stop the engine. Then, loosen the hydraulic oil PPC hoses.
filler cap slowly to release the internal pressure • (3): Return to hydraulic tank
of the hydraulic tank. • (4): To suction pipe
★ Plug the disconnected pipes and hoses to pre- • (5): Angle right (Hose color band: Green)
vent foreign matter from entering them. • (6): Tilt left (Hose color band: White)
★ Put tags to the disconnected hoses to prevent a • (7): Lift up (Hose color band: Red)
mistake in re-connecting them. • (8): Angle left (Hose color band: Blue)
• (9): Tilt right (Hose color band: Brown)
1. Remove the 4 mounting bolts and rear cover (1). • (10): Lift down (Hose color band: Orange)
2. Remove the 4 mounting bolts and charge pump 4. Disconnect 2 heater hoses (11).
oil filter bracket (2).
★ Move the bracket aside so that it will not be 5. Remove the 2 mounting bolts and seat belt (12).
an obstacle to the work to disconnect the
equipment hoses. 6. Remove mounting bolts (13).
30-62 D31/37EX,PX-21
7. Lean the operator’s seat assembly (14) forward. INSTALLATION OF MAIN

CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY
removal.

again.
8. Disconnect the following 10 main control valve • Bleeding air (HST circuit)
main hoses. ★ Bleed air from the HST pump circuit. For de-
• (15): Angle left tails, see INSTALLATION OF HST PUMP
• (16): Angle right ASSEMBLY.
• (17): Tilt right
• (18): Tilt left
• (19), (20): Lift down
• (21), (22): Lift up
• (24): To hydraulic pump
9. Remove clamp (25).
10. Remove the 4 mounting bolts and main control

valve assembly (26).
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-63
DISASSEMBLY OF MAIN CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY

Disassembly of main control valve assembly 1/2
★ Since the safety valve assembly cannot be

set to proper pressure while it is mounted on
the machine, do not disassemble it.
★ Do not remove the upper and lower covers
and each block.
1. Plug (Pressure releasing)

1) Remove plug (1) to release the pressure
from the circuit.
2) Remove the O-ring and backup rings (2)
and (3).
2. Unload valve
1) Remove unload valve assembly (4).
2) Remove the O-ring and ring (6) from sleeve
(5).
3) Remove plug (7) and spring (8) from sleeve
(5).
4) Remove plug (9) and spring (10).
★ Do not remove the spool, seal, and LS
selector valve.
3. Pressure compensation valve

Remove 6 plugs (11), 3 springs (12), and 3
springs (13).
★ Do not remove the valve and piston.
4. Suction valve assemblies

Remove 3 suction valve assemblies (14).
★ Do not disassemble the suction valve as-
sembly.
5. Main relief valve assembly

Remove main relief valve assembly (15), O-ring,
and ring (16).
★ Do not disassemble the main relief valve.
6. Check valves (Angle)

Remove 2 plugs (17), 2 valves (18), and 2
springs (19).
7. Cooler bypass valve

Remove plug (20), valve (21), and spring (22).
8. Plugs
Remove 2 plugs (23), plug (24), plug (25), and 2
plugs (26).
30-64 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-65
Disassembly of main control valve assembly 2/2
1. Angle control valve

1) Remove the mounting bolts, case (27), bolt
(28), spring (29), and retainer (30).
★ When loosening bolt (28), take care ex-
tremely not to damage the spool.
2) Remove the mounting bolts and case (31).
★ Do not remove the retainer, spool, and
plug.
★ Since the spring has a part No. different
from the others, check its free length.
2. Tilt control valve

1) Remove the mounting bolts, case (32), bolt
(33), spring (34), and retainer (35).
★ When loosening bolt (33), take care ex-
2) Remove the mounting bolts and case (36).
★ Do not remove the retainer, spool, and
plug.
3. Lift control valve

1) Remove the mounting bolts, cases (37) and
(38), spring (39), retainer (40), spring (41),
retainer (42), and plug (43).
★ When loosening plug (43), take care ex-
2) Remove the mounting bolts, cases (44) and
(45), bolt (46), spring (47), retainer (48),
spring (49), and retainer (50).
★ Remove bolt (46) from the spool without
taking the spool out of the block.
★ When loosening bolt (46) take care ex-
★ Do not remove the spool and retainer.
30-66 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-67
ASSEMBLY OF MAIN CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY

Assembly of main control valve assembly 1/2
★ Apply engine oil to the sliding surfaces before as- 3. Angle control valve
sembling. 1) Fit the O-ring to case (31).
★ As a result of disassembly, if the spool or block 2) Install case (31) to the block with the mount-
has any defect, replace the assembly. ing bolts.
★ Degrease the plug and female screw of the spool 3 Bolt:
with DRYSOL, etc. and dry them completely be- 11.8 – 14.7 Nm {1.2 – 1.5 kgm}
fore tightening. Do not apply pressure on them 3) Install retainer (30) and spring (29) to the
for at least 2 hours after they are tightened. block with bolt (28).
3 Bolt: 6.9 – 9.8 Nm {0.7 – 1.0 kgm}
1. Lift control valve 4) Fit the O-ring to case (27).
1) Install retainer (50), spring (49), retainer 5) Install case (27) to the block with the mount-
(48), and spring (47) to the spool. ing bolts.
2) Tighten bolt (46) in the spool. 3 Bolt:
★ Apply 1 drip (approx. 0.02 g) of LOC- 11.8 – 14.7 Nm {1.2 – 1.5 kgm}
TITE (No. 638) to the bolt.
★ Tighten the bolt without taking the spool
out of the block.
3 Bolt: 6.9 – 9.8 Nm {0.7 – 1.0 kgm}
3) Fit the O-ring to cases (45) and (44).
4) Install cases (45) and (44) to the block with
the mounting bolts.
3 Bolt:
11.8 – 14.7 Nm {1.2 – 1.5 kgm}
5) Fit the O-ring to plug (43) and install them to
the block.
6) Install retainer (42), spring (41), retainer
(40), and spring (39) to the block.
7) Tighten plug (43).
3 Plug:
14.7 – 19.6 Nm {1.5 – 2 kgm}
8) Fit the O-ring to cases (38) and (37).
9) Install cases (38) and (37) to the block with
the mounting bolts.
3 Bolt:
11.8 – 14.7 Nm {1.2 – 1.5 kgm}
2. Tilt control valve

1) Fit the O-ring to case (36).
2) Install case (36) to the block with the mount-
ing bolts.
3 Bolt:
11.8 – 14.7 Nm {1.2 – 1.5 kgm}
3) Install retainer (35) and spring (34) to the
block with bolt (33).
3 Bolt: 6.9 – 9.8 Nm {0.7 – 1.0 kgm}
4) Fit the O-ring to case (32).
5) Install case (32) to the block with the mount-
ing bolts.
3 Bolt:
11.8 – 14.7 Nm {1.2 – 1.5 kgm}
30-68 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-69
Assembly of main control valve assembly 2/2
1. Plugs 7. Unload valve

1) Fit the O-ring and tighten plug (26). 1) Install spring (10) to the block.
★ 2 sets 2) Fit the O-ring to plug (9) and screw them
3 Plug: into the block
147 – 186.2 Nm {15 – 19 kgm} 3 Plug:
2) Fit the O-ring and tighten plug (25). 147 – 186.2 Nm {15 – 19 kgm}
3 Plug: 49 – 58.8 Nm {5 – 6 kgm} 3) Fit the O-ring to plug (7).
3) Fit the O-ring and tighten plug (24). 4) Install spring (8) and plug (7) to sleeve (5).
3 Plug: 5) Screw plug (7) into sleeve (5).
147 – 186.2 Nm {15 – 19 kgm} 3 Plug:
4) Fit the O-ring and tighten plug (23). 34.3 – 44.1 Nm {3.5 – 4.5 kgm}
3 Plug: 6) Fit the O-ring and ring (6) to sleeve (5).
19.6 – 27.5 Nm {2 – 2.8 kgm} 7) Screw unload valve assembly (4) into the
block.
2. Cooler bypass valve 3 Unload valve assembly:
1) Fit the O-ring to plug (20). 117.6 – 161.8 Nm {12 – 16.5 kgm}
2) Install spring (22) and valve (21) to the block
with plug (20). 8. Plug (Pressure releasing)
3 Plug: 1) Fit the O-ring and backup rings (3) and (2)
147 – 186.2 Nm {15 – 19 kgm} to plug (1).
2) Screw pressure releasing plug (1) into the
3. Check valve (Angle) block.
1) Fit the O-ring to plug (17). 3 Plug:
2) Install spring (19) and valve (18) to the block 34.3 – 44.1 Nm {3.5 – 4.5 kgm}
with plug (17).
★ 2 sets
3 Plug:
19.6 – 24.5 Nm {2 – 2.5 kgm}
4. Main relief valve assembly

1) Fit the O-ring and ring (16).
2) Screw main relief valve assembly (15) into
the block.
3 Main relief valve assembly:
137 – 157 Nm {14 – 16 kgm}
5. Suction valve
Fit the O-ring and screw suction valve (14) into
the block.
★ 3 sets
3 Suction valve:
39.2 – 49 Nm {4 – 5 kgm}
6. Pressure compensation valve

1) Install 3 springs (13) and 3 springs (12) to
the block.
2) Fit 6 O-rings to 6 plugs (11).
3) Screw plug (11) into the block.
3 Plug: 47 – 58.8 Nm {4.8 – 6 kgm}
30-70 D31/37EX,PX-21
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-71
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HYDRAULIC CYLINDER ASSEMBLIES
DISASSEMBLY OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER ASSEMBLIES

(Blade lift, angle, and tilt cylinders)
1. Piston rod assembly 4) Disassembly of piston assembly

1) Set cylinder assembly (1) to tool U1. i) Remove wear ring (7).
2) Using a hydraulic pump or a power wrench ii) Remove piston ring (8).
and tool U2, disconnect head assembly (2).
5) Disassembly of head assembly

3) Pull out piston rod assembly (3). i) Remove backup ring (9) and O-ring.
★ Place an oil receiving pan, etc. under the ii) Remove packing (10)
cylinder bottom to receive the oil. iii) Remove snap ring (11) and dust seal
(12).
iv) Remove bushing (13).
2. Piston assembly and head assembly

1) Set piston rod assembly (3) to tool U1.
2) Using tool U3, remove nylon nut (4).
★ Width across flats: 50 mm (Common to all
cylinders)
3) Remove piston assembly (5) and head
assembly (6).
30-72 D31/37EX,PX-21
ASSEMBLY OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER ASSEMBLIES

(Blade lift, angle, and tilt cylinders)
★ Apply engine oil to the sliding surfaces of each 2) Disassembly of piston assembly
part and take care not to damage the rod, pack- i) Set piston ring (8) to tool U4.
ing, dust seal, and O-ring. ii) Rotate the handle by 8 – 10 turns to
expand the piston ring.
1. Head assembly and piston assembly iii) Remove piston ring (8) from tool U4.
1) Assembly of head assembly iv) Install piston ring (8) to piston assembly
i) Press fit bushing (13) with tool U6. (5).
v) Using tool U5, reduce piston ring (8).
ii) Using tool U7, install dust seal (12).

vi) Install wear ring (7).
iii) Install snap ring (11).

iv) Install packing (10).
v) Install backup ring (9) and O-ring.
★ Warm the backup ring in water at 50
– 60°C before installing it.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-73
2. Piston rod assembly 6) Using a hydraulic pump or a power wrench

1) Set the piston rod to tool U1. and tool U2, tighten head assembly (2).
2) Install head assembly (6) and piston assem- 3
bly (5).
3) Using tool U3, tighten nut (4). Cylinder name Tightening torque of head
3 637 ± 63.7 Nm
Blade lift
{65 ± 6.5 kgm}
Cylinder Width Tightening
569 ± 56.9 Nm
name across flats torque of nut Blade angle
{58 ± 5.8 kgm}
785 ± 78.5 Nm
Blade lift 46 mm 677 ± 67.5 Nm
{80 ± 8 kgm} Blade tilt
{69 ± 6.9 kgm}
785 ± 78.5 Nm
Blade angle 46 mm
{80 ± 8 kgm}
1,080 ± 108 Nm
Blade tilt 50 mm
{110 ± 11 kgm}
★ Before installing the nut, degrease the

threads of the piston rod thoroughly.
2 Threads of rod:
Adhesive (LOCTITE N262)
4) Set cylinder (1) to tool U1.

5) Install piston rod assembly (3) to the cylin-
der.
30-74 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY BLADE ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF BLADE ASSEMBLY

k Referring to TESTING AND ADJUSTING, 6. Disconnect the following 6 cylinder hoses.
Bleeding air from hydraulic cylinder, release the • (6): Tilt hose (Left side: 2)
pressure from the piping, then loosen the oil filler • (7): Angle hoses (Left side: 2, Right side: 2)
cap of the hydraulic tank to release the pressure
from the tank.
1. Lower the blade to level ground and set block

under the work equipment frame.
2. Sling lift cylinder (1) temporarily.
3. Remove lock plate (2) and pull out cylinder head

pin (3).
★ Both sides
4. Secure the head side of lift cylinder (1) to the

engine hood knob with ropes, etc.
★ The head side of the cylinder may be se-
7. Sling work equipment assembly (8) temporarily.
cured to the knob of the cab or ROPS.
★ Connect the rear hanging wires to a chain
★ Both sides
block, etc. to balance the work equipment
assembly.
5. Remove covers (4) and (5).
★ Both sides
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-75
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY BLADE ASSEMBLY
8. Remove lock plate (9) and pull out frame fitting

pin (10).
INSTALLATION OF BLADE
★ Both sides ASSEMBLY
removal.
k When aligning the pin holes, use a bar.

Never insert your fingers in the pin holes.
k When aligning the pin holes, use a bar.

Never insert your fingers in the pin holes.

9. Lift off work equipment assembly (8). level. Run the engine to circulate the oil
4 Work equipment assembly: again.
950 kg (D31EX-21)
1,050 kg (D31PX-21) • Greasing
1,000 kg (D37EX-21) ★ After assembling the blade assembly, apply
1,100 kg (D37PX-21) grease to the removed pins securely.
30-76 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OPERATOR’S SEAT FRAME ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF OPERATOR’S SEAT FRAME ASSEMBLY

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 5. Remove rear covers (3), (4), and (5).
k Loosen the heater hose valve (If the machine is
equipped with the heater or air conditioner).
k Close the fuel stop valve.
1. Drain the hydraulic oil.
6 Hydraulic tank: 47 l

6. Disconnect rear lamp wiring connector (CN33)
3. Loosen the radiator cap and drain the cooling (6).
water.
7. Lift off ROPS guard (7).
4 ROPS guard: 340 kg

★ Both sides
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-77
8. Remove the 2 mounting bolts and seat belt (8). 11. Remove the mounting bolts and cover (11).
12. Disconnect the following 4 hoses.

• (12): Port P side of HST pump
• (13): Floor junction side
• (14): Floor junction side
• (15): Port P side of inching valve
9. Remove 2 pins (9).
13. Disconnect limit switch wiring connector (CN25)

(16).
10. Lift off operator’s seat assembly (10).
4 Operator’s seat assembly: 45 kg
14. Disconnect decelerator pedal cable (17) and

fuel control cable (18).
30-78 D31/37EX,PX-21
15. Remove the mounting bolts and lift off floor 19. Disconnect drain collecting block hose (29).
cover (19). ★ The photograph shows the D39-21, but in
4 Floor cover: 35kg branch hose, so disconnect the branch hose
also.
16. Disconnect the following 4-spool solenoid valve

wiring connectors. 20. Disconnect the following 6 work equipment PPC
• (20): (CN28) 2nd gear speed select connector hoses.
(Color band: Yellow) • (30): Angle right (Hose color band: Green)
• (21): (CN29) 3rd gear speed select connector • (31) Tilt left (Hose color band: White)
(Color band: Green) • (32), (33): Lift up (Hose color band: Red)
• (22): (CN31) Parking brake connector • (34): Angle left (Hose color band: Blue)
(Color band: Orange) • (35): Tilt right: (Hose color band: Brown)
• (46), (47): Lift down
17. Disconnect the following 2 hoses. (Hose color band: Orange)
• (23): Port P side of work equipment PPC lock
• (24): Port T side of drain collecting block
18. Disconnect the following 4 travel motor PPC

hoses
• (25): Left travel forward
• (26): Left travel reverse
• (27): Right travel forward
• (28): Right travel reverse
21. Disconnect the following 2 floor wiring harness
connectors and the floor ground wire.
• (36): (CN9)
• (37): (CN10)
• (38): Floor ground wire
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-79
22. Disconnect drain collecting block hose (39). INSTALLATION OF

23. Disconnect 2 heater hoses (40). (If the machine OPERATOR’S SEAT
is equipped with the heater or air conditioner) FRAME ASSEMBLY
24. Disconnect 3 floor wiring harness clamps (41). • Carry out installation in the reverse order to
removal.
25. Disconnect heater unit wiring connector (CN92)
(42). (If the machine is equipped with the heater
or air conditioner) 3 Mounting bolt:
245 – 309 Nm {25 – 31.5 kgm}
★ Adjust the decelerator pedal linkage and fuel

control linkage. For details, see TESTING
AND ADJUSTING, Adjusting decelerator
pedal linkage and Adjusting fuel control link-
age.
3 Mounting bolt: 25.5 Nm {2.6 kgm}

26. Disconnect HST pump hoses (43) and (44). ★ Add water through the water filler to the
• (43): CPB port side of HST pump specified level. Run the engine to heighten
• (44): PH port side of HST pump the water temperature. Then, check the wa-
ter level again.

again.

ASSEMBLY.
27. Remove the mounting bolts and lift off opera-

tor’s seat frame assembly (45).
4 Operator’s seat frame assembly:

170 kg
30-80 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY FUEL TANK ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF FUEL TANK

ASSEMBLY
k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 8. Lift off fuel tank assembly (10).
4 Fuel tank assembly:
1. Remove the operator’s cab frame assembly. 110 kg (Dry weight)
CAB FRAME ASSEMBLY.
3. Distance 2 fuel return hoses (1).
4. Disconnect the 2 fuel tank hoses.

• Hose (2): From fuel tank to fuel filter
• Hose (3): From fuel tank to fuel drain valve
5. Remove clamp (4) and disconnect fuel hose (5).

★ When removing the clamp, remove the fuel
drain valve bracket, too.
6. Remove clamp (6) and disconnect the following

2 connectors.
• (7): (CN13) Fuel sensor connector
• (8): (CN14) Backup alarm relay connector
INSTALLATION OF FUEL
TANK ASSEMBLY
removal.
7. Remove cap (9) and eyebolts.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-81
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HYDRAULIC TANK ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF HYDRAULIC TANK ASSEMBLY

k Disconnect the cable from the negative (–) ter- 4. Remove cap (7) and mounting bolts.

CAB FRAME ASSEMBLY.
2. Disconnect the following 5 hoses.

• (1): Delivery hose
• (2): Work equipment valve return hose
• (3): Left travel motor return hose
• (4): Right travel motor return hose 5. Remove battery cover bolt (8).
• (5): HST pump return hose ★ After removing the bolt, move the battery
cover so that the hydraulic tank assembly
will come off easily.
3. Disconnect oil filter hose (6).

6. Lift off hydraulic tank assembly (9).
4 Hydraulic tank assembly: 70 kg
30-82 D31/37EX,PX-21
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY HYDRAULIC TANK ASSEMBLY
INSTALLATION OF HYDRAULIC TANK ASSEMBLY

removal.
3 Clamp: 8.8 ± 0.5 Nm {0.9 ± 0.05 kgm}

again.

ASSEMBLY.
D31/37EX,PX-21 30-83
90 OTHERS
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1/2) ......................................................................................................... 90- 3

D31EX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50097
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50181
D37EX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5104
D37PX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5090
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1/2) ...................................................................................................... 90-3- 2
D31EX-21 Serial No. 50098 and up
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50182 and up
D37EX-21 Serial No. 5105 and up
D37PX-21 Serial No. 5091 and up
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (2/2) ......................................................................................................... 90- 5
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (2/2) (For D37EX, PX-21 EU spec.) ..................................................... 90-5- 2
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1/2).........................................................................................................90-7
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (2/2).........................................................................................................90-9
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR AIR CONDITIONER ..................................................................... 90-11
D31/37EX, PX-21 90-1

(7)
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1/2)
D31EX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50097, D37EX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5104
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50001 – 50181, D37PX-21 Serial No. 5001 – 5090
1 D31EX-21 serial No.: 50001–50069

D31PX-21 serial No.: 50001–50107
D37EX-21 serial No.: 5001– 5074
D37PX-21 serial No.: 5001– 5076
D31/37EX,PX-21 90-3
(5)
D31EX-21 Serial No. 50098 and up, D37EX-21 Serial No. 5105 and up
D31PX-21 Serial No. 50182 and up, D37PX-21 Serial No. 5091 and up
D31/37EX,PX-21 90-3-2
(5)
OTHERS HYDRAURIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
D31/37EX, PX-21 90-5

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (2/2) FOR D37EX, PX-21 EU SPEC.
D31/37EX,PX-21 90-5-2
(5)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1/2)
D31/37EX,PX-21 90-7
(7)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (2/2)
D31/37EX,PX-21 90-9
(7)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR AIR CONDITIONER
D31/37EX,PX-21 90-11
(7)

Sebm025608 - D31-21 50.001 &up 37-21 5001 & Up PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sebm025608 - D31-21 50.001 &up 37-21 5001 & Up PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sebm025608 - D31-21 50.001 &up 37-21 5001 & Up PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MACHINE MODEL SERIAL No.

• D31, D37EX, PX-21 mount the SAA4D102E-2 engine.

10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,

20 TESTING AND ADJUSTING ........................................................................ 20-1

30 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ..................................................... 30-1

90 OTHERS ................................................................................................................................ 90-1

The affected pages are indicated by the use of the

q Page to be replaced Replace

( ) Page to be deleted Discard

Pages having no marks are those previously revised

LIST OF REVISED PAGES

Time of Time of Time of Time of Time of

10-90 20-7 (1) 20-134 (1) q 20-231 (8) 20-314 (1)

Time of Time of Time of Time of Time of

20-507 (1) q 30-1 (8) 30-39 (1) 30-79 (1)

SAFETY NOTICE (Rev. 2007/03)

1. General precautions 8) Before starting work, warm up your body

D31/37EX, PX-21 00-3

00-4 D31/37EX, PX-21

4. Precautions for sling work and making signs

D31/37EX, PX-21 00-5

00-6 D31/37EX, PX-21

8. Precautions for disconnecting and connect-

★ Example of O-ring (Fitted to every joint of hoses

★ For tightening torque, see the precautions for in-

D31/37EX, PX-21 00-7

HOW TO READ THE SHOP MANUAL

1. Composition of shop manual

10. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, MAINTENANCE STANDARD

20. TESTING AND ADJUSTING

Testing and adjusting

30. DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

90. OTHERS (chassis volume)/Repair and replacement of parts (engine volume)

2. Revision and distribution

00-8 D31/37EX, PX-21

Item number (10. Structure and Function, Maintenance Standard)

Example 2 (Engine volume):

Unit number (1. Engine)

• Revised edition mark

Symbol Item Remarks

k Safety Special safety precautions are necessary when performing work.

Special technical precautions or other precautions for preserving stan-

2 Coat Places to be coated with adhesives, etc. during assembly.

D31/37EX, PX-21 00-9

EXPLANATION OF TERMS FOR MAINTENANCE STANDARD

1. Standard size and tolerance

★ The tolerance may be indicated in the text

• Usually, the size of a hole and the size of the

00-10 D31/37EX, PX-21

2. Standard clearance and standard value 5. Clearance limit

4. Repair limit and allowable value

D31/37EX, PX-21 00-11

HOW TO READ ELECTRIC WIRE CODE

Indicates size of wire by nominal No.

Indicates type of wire by symbol.

1. Type, symbol, and material

00-12 D31/37EX, PX-21

Nominal No. 8 15 20 30 40 50 60 85 100