Mintzberg's Management Roles: Identifying The Roles Managers Play

Mintzberg's Management Roles
Identifying the Roles Managers Play

As a manager, you probably fulfill many different roles every day.
For instance, as well as leading your team, you might find yourself resolving a conflict,
negotiating new contracts, representing your department at a board meeting, or approving a
request for a new computer system.
Put simply, you're constantly switching roles as tasks, situations, and expectations change.
Management expert and professor Henry Mintzberg recognized this, and he argued that there are
ten primary roles or behaviors that can be used to categorize a manager's different functions.
In this article and video, we'll examine these roles and see how you can use your understanding
of them to improve your management skills.
Click here to view a transcript of this video.
The Roles
Mintzberg published his Ten Management Roles in his book, "Mintzberg on Management: Inside
our Strange World of Organizations," in 1990.
The ten roles are:
1. Figurehead.
2. Leader.
3. Liaison.
4. Monitor.
5. Disseminator.
6. Spokesperson.
7. Entrepreneur.
8. Disturbance Handler.
9. Resource Allocator.
10. Negotiator.
From MINTZBERG ON MANAGEMENT by Henry Mintzberg. Copyright © 1989 by Henry
Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Free Press, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
The 10 roles are then divided up into three categories, as follows:
Category Roles
Figurehead
Interpersonal Leader
Liaison
Monitor
Informational Disseminator
Spokesperson
Decisional Entrepreneur
Disturbance Handler
Resource Allocator
Negotiator
Let's look at each of the ten managerial roles in greater detail.
Interpersonal Category
The managerial roles in this category involve providing information and ideas.
1. Figurehead – As a manager, you have social, ceremonial and legal responsibilities.
You're expected to be a source of inspiration. People look up to you as a person with
authority, and as a figurehead.
2. Leader – This is where you provide leadership for your team, your department or
perhaps your entire organization; and it's where you manage the performance and
responsibilities of everyone in the group.
3. Liaison – Managers must communicate with internal and external contacts. You need to
be able to network effectively on behalf of your organization.
Informational Category
The managerial roles in this category involve processing information.
4. Monitor – In this role, you regularly seek out information related to your organization
and industry, looking for relevant changes in the environment. You also monitor your
team, in terms of both their productivity, and their well-being.
5. Disseminator – This is where you communicate potentially useful information to your
colleagues and your team.
6. Spokesperson – Managers represent and speak for their organization. In this role, you're
responsible for transmitting information about your organization and its goals to the
people outside it.
Decisional Category
The managerial roles in this category involve using information.
7. Entrepreneur – As a manager, you create and control change within the organization.
This means solving problems, generating new ideas, and implementing them.
8. Disturbance Handler – When an organization or team hits an unexpected roadblock, it's
the manager who must take charge. You also need to help mediate disputes within it.
9. Resource Allocator – You'll also need to determine where organizational resources are
best applied. This involves allocating funding, as well as assigning staff and other
organizational resources.
10. Negotiator – You may be needed to take part in, and direct, important negotiations
within your team, department, or organization.
Applying the Model

You can use Mintzberg's 10 Management Roles model as a frame of reference when you're
thinking about developing your own skills and knowledge. (This includes developing yourself in
areas that you consciously or unconsciously shy away from.)
First, examine how much time you currently spend on each managerial role. Do you spend most
of your day leading? Managing conflict? Disseminating information? This will help you decide
which areas to work on first.
Figurehead
Figureheads represent their teams. If you need to improve or build confidence in this area, start
with your image, behavior, and reputation . Cultivate humility and empathy , learn how to set a
good example at work , and think about how to be a good role model .
Leader
This is the role you probably spend most of your time fulfilling. To improve here, start by taking
our quiz, How Good Are Your Leadership Skills? This will give you a thorough understanding
of your current abilities.
Next, learn how to be an authentic leader , so your team will respect you. Also, focus on
improving your emotional intelligence – this is an important skill for being an effective leader.
Liaison
To improve your liaison skills, work on your professional networking techniques. You may also
like to take our Bite-Sized Training course on /community/Bite-
SizedTraining/Networking.phpNetworking Skills.
Monitor
To improve here, learn how to gather information effectively and overcome information
overload . Also, use effective reading strategies , so that you can process material quickly and
thoroughly, and learn how to keep up-to-date with industry news .
Disseminator
To be a good disseminator you need to know how to share information and outside views
effectively, which means that good communication skills are vital.
Learn how to share organizational information with Team Briefings . Next, focus on improving
your writing skills . You might also want to take our communication skills quiz , to find out
where else you can improve.
Spokesperson
To be effective in this role, make sure that you know how to represent your organization at a
conference . You may also want to read our articles on delivering great presentations and
working with the media (if applicable to your role).
Entrepreneur
To improve here, build on your change management skills, and learn what not to do when
implementing change in your organization. You'll also need to work on your problem solving
and creativity skills , so that you can come up with new ideas, and implement them successfully.
Disturbance Handler
In this role, you need to excel at conflict resolution and know how to handle team conflict . It's
also helpful to be able to manage emotion in your team .
Resource Allocator
To improve as a resource allocator, learn how to manage a budget , cut costs , and prioritize , so
that you can make the best use of your resources. You can also use VRIO Analysis to learn how
to get the best results from the resources available to you.
Negotiator
Improve your negotiation skills by learning about Win-Win Negotiation and Distributive
Bargaining .
You might also want to read our article on role-playing – this technique can help you prepare for
difficult negotiations.
Key Points
Mintzberg's 10 Management Roles model sets out the essential roles that managers play. These
are:
1. Figurehead.
2. Leader.
3. Liaison.
4. Monitor.
5. Disseminator.
6. Spokesperson.
7. Entrepreneur.
8. Disturbance Handler.
9. Resource Allocator.
10. Negotiator.
You can apply Mintzberg's 10 Management Roles model by using it as a frame of reference
when you want to develop your management skills. Work on the roles that you fulfill most often
as a priority, but remember that you won't necessarily fulfill every role as part of your job.
This site teaches you the skills you need for a happy and successful career; and this is just one of
many tools and resources that you'll find here at Mind Tools. Subscribe to our free newsletter, or
join the Mind Tools Club and really supercharge your career!

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