THREE SECONDS

TO SAFETY!

PRESENTED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY DRIVER
ASSOCIATION
Americans are angry about crime. We’ve given increasing attention and resources to security in our
businesses, homes and our communities. And our police and public officials are taking action.

Criminals are shifting their attacks to our automobiles—situations where society and police security
simply cannot patrol: carjackings, robberies of people in their vehicles and worse, personal attacks.

This booklet is unique. It discusses what you can do to protect yourself in your vehicle.

For 21 years, The Scotti School of Defensive Driving has been teaching people to protect themselves
from vehicle-related violence. Our clients are Heads of State, corporate executives and professional
security personnel in government and the private sector. Many of the same techniques we teach them
to use in high-risk situations can also be employed by the general public in the United States today.

We have learned that the violence in Bogota or Lima has the same structure as the vehicle-related
situations we’re experiencing in the United States.

In both cases, our objective is the same: teach you how to keep the perpetrators from entering your
vehicle and prevent you from becoming a victim.

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 2
The Risks

To be direct, we’re talking about protecting yourself against an “ambush.”

An ambush does not require a submachine gun or a group of armed rebels. It’s any attack against people in their
vehicles. It can be as simple as a single person wielding a tire iron when you’re stopped at an intersection, or an
attacker pulling you from your car in a parking lot. Sadly, these are conditions that we’re seeing in America today.
And the automobiles we buy offer no protection against this kind of intrusion. The safety glass in the side win-
dows of our cars is designed to shatter into small “pebbles” of glass on impact so that it won’t splinter and injure
the occupants in a collision. This same glass can be easily smashed by a criminal. Many of us have seen broken
glass on streets and in parking lots—evidence of vandalism and auto thefts. It takes only a moment and a blow
with a hard object such as a rock, a brick or a bat to get inside a car today.

The standard car window does not protect you from assault! It’s a fact that sometimes even the most experi-
enced security professionals don’t think about. But the criminals do. In this booklet, we are going to introduce
an automotive window product that could save your life because it doesn’t disintegrate when it’s smashed. And,
we’re going to tell you how to manage your driving for personal security.

The Four Stages of Ambush

Remember the fire marshal’s safety talk in elementary school? He told us that to have a fire; we need three in-
gredients: heat, fuel, and air. Remove any of them, and the fire dies out. The same principle applies to protecting
yourself against an ambush.

A successful ambush has four ingredients: surprise, knowledge of the terrain, mobility, and command of the situ-
ation. You can defeat almost any ambush by removing any two of these ingredients:

1) Surprise—the basis of a successful attack.

You can take steps to eliminate the power of surprise. These steps range from avoiding the situation altogeth-
er—and we cannot emphasize this enough—to moving your vehicle decisively and rapidly away from a threat or
an actual attack. We’ll discuss this later on in this booklet.

2) Knowledge of the Terrain—Attackers know the terrain. They engineer the ambush and have a plan.

Get to know the areas in which you work and visit while driving your car. If you know these areas, you can navi-
gate through them with caution, or better still, avoid risky situations altogether.

Of course, you will not know the terrain for every place you drive. Anytime the environment bothers you, anytime
you see anything you’re not comfortable with or if you sense danger—stay away from it.

3) Mobility—Most attacks against people in vehicles take place where the perpetrator can get away easily.

To successfully overcome an attack, you must be able to absorb the initial incident and get away. You need
mobility; a vehicle with the capability to move out, equipment that can absorb the initial attack and the basic
techniques to escape the situation which we will present here.

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 3
4) Command of the Situation—Attackers, are swift, violent, vicious and brutal. They are not going to tap on your
window and politely ask you to get out of your car. They’re probably going to smash your side window
or stick a weapon in your face. They’ll do whatever it takes to gain command and get you to relinquish
your automobile or valuables.

Preparing Yourself

We want to change the way you think about driving. We’re talking about how you approach driving in today’s
world. This approach begins with an understanding that you and your automobile might at any time and in any
place become a target for attack. It ends with an understanding that you do not have to be a victim.

In the same way, you’ve learned to navigate defensively to avoid and prevent accidents; you can also drive with
an added awareness of personal security. And you can employ specific techniques and equip your car so that you
can be secure on the road.

In the security business, we have a system for managing risk situation. It has three simple elements—detect,
avoid and repel.

Detection:

The Color Code Awareness System

Detection is the key to preventing a surprise attack and possibly the most powerful security measure you have.
The Scotti School has adapted an awareness system originally developed for World War II combat pilots. In this

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 4
system, the conditions of awareness are broken into four color codes: white, yellow, orange, red.

Condition White

We’ve all seen drivers who are clearly not aware of surroundings—folks who drift over the line or sail through
a stop sign. We call this the comatose state—people simply not being aware of what is going around them.
This is Condition White.

To a degree, all of us are at one time or another in the White condition while we’re driving. If an attack hap-
pens in this state, it’s over. They win. You lose!

Condition Yellow

Here we introduce a level of awareness that affects our personal security while driving.

Close your eyes and imagine you are leaving for work on a typical morning. As you leave your home, you
already have a mental picture of the area that you’ve seen dozens of times. You know what cars should be on
the street and what people should be there. In fact, most of us can literally tell time by what we see. The same
holds true for other familiar environments.

If an attack is planned, the situation probably will be different. The environment you see as you leave your
home will not match your mental picture of the scene as “normal.” Something will be different: a car that is
not usually there, people who don’t fit the normal situation.

Condition Yellow is a state of being aware and alert. The fact is, none of us really drive with a full sense of
awareness, but we can train ourselves. We can teach ourselves to shift from Condition White to Yellow—and
be on security alert—at the instant, the “picture” we’re seeing is other than normal.

For example, driving along a road, you approach an intersection where you know there are frequent accidents
because people run the stop sing. You’ll probably watch for drivers who are about to run the stop sing—you
are aware that an accident could happen.

Condition Orange

In this condition, you are ready. Your awareness has shifted from alert to a state of preparedness. At the inter-
section, you notice another car approaching the stop sign. You tend to slow down even though you have the
right of way. You have moved from Condition Yellow to Orange.

Condition Red

In Condition Red, the situation becomes an event, and you take action.

At the intersection, you simply stop and let the other driver sail through the stop sign. In an attack, you take
other measures, which we’ll discuss shortly.

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 5
Avoidance

Avoidance is the most important step you can take to prevent an incident. It begins with detection—becoming
aware—and shifts to doing something about it.

Self-evident? Yes. But we see many cases of senior executives working in risky situations overseas who have
died because they failed to take action. They were made aware of a security problem; they even had professional
security people but failed to heed the signals and take evasive action

The best rule is to stay clear of threatening situations, to begin with. Simply don’t be there!

Be aware of the environment in the places you frequent—not just outside the home, but along the streets you
drive, in the parking lot, at ATM’s and in shopping malls. Because you also drive to places that are new and dif-
ferent, it’s not always possible to know the “normal” condition. Even in new places, you can identify patterns that
don’s seem to “fit.” If you are not comfortable with what you see, get out of the area! In matters of security, you
cannot be concerned about what others may think of your actions. It doesn’t make sense to hesitate and wait to
see if a threat will in fact develop.

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 6
This means you don’t go to an ATM where you’ve noticed people who don’t look like they belong. Survey the
drive-up window and the surrounding area before you pull in. Also, if you see strange people near cars in the
mall parking lot, turn around, go back into the mall, and ask the security guard to walk you to your car. If you are
at a stop sign and see someone coming, if they signal to you or if you just sense something unusual, don’t wait.
Go!

Time-Distance Relationship in Seconds

Your key to survival in an attack situation is managing the time-distance relationship. In just three seconds, you
can put the mobility of your vehicle to work for you and get out of the situation.

Most of us think in units of miles per hour(MPH). But violence or accidents usually take place in a matter of feet
and seconds. It’s important to understand what those seconds mean and how to use them to get away.

Let’s translate MPH to feet per second(FPS). There are 5,280 feet in a mile, divided by 3,600 seconds in an hour,
which equals 1.47 FPS, or about 1.5 FPS.

Time-Distance Relationship
In just three seconds, you can be:

Driving at 20 MPH, you’ll travel one and a half times that rate, or 30 feet in a second. At 40 miles per hour, that’s
60 feet in a second.

In an attack situation, you can be 90 feet away from your assailant in just three seconds, if you move your vehi-
cle at an average of 20 MPH. That’s further than a person on foot can go. And, it’s effectively out of any accurate
firing range for most people with a handgun.

This technique seizes the elements of mobility and surprise and uses them to your advantage, not theirs!

Repelling

This is the most urgent situation because the incident is taking place. The attack is in play. You’ve gone from
Condition Orange to Condition Red. As the incident begins, in just three seconds you can get away. If you have
three seconds before an attacker reaches you, you can take steps to move your vehicle away from most anything.

Think for a moment about what three seconds mean. It’s about the time it takes to put on a pair of glasses, to
tune your radio, or read this sentence.

Equipping Your Vehicle

Although you’ve learned some basic security techniques, threats can still occur. Let’s say you’re driving downtown
to meet friends. You stop at a traffic light, and everything appears normal. From the corner of your eye, you catch
someone approaching quickly on foot with something in his hand. You’re about to be ambushed!

You need to keep the attackers out of the car and get away. Professional security people know that repelling a
violent attack requires the right techniques and the right equipment. You must know what to do in attack situa-
tions, and you need a vehicle able to take the initial hit.

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 7
No driver can jump from Condition White to Condition Red. If you’re not already in Condition Orange—ready to
take action—you need time to make that shift and then go into action. If you have the right equipment to keep
the attackers outside the car, you have the time to repel the attack and take evasive action. Security principle:
you cannot allow the attackers into your car!

The first rule in security is to have a perimeter that protects you, whether you’re in an automobile, building or
anywhere else. But modern cars, as we mentioned, do not provide a protective perimeter. Unlike windshields, the
side windows in cars are made of tempered “safety glass.”

A tap with a crow bar will shatter the windows instantly, showering the passengers with glass—and possibly
causing injury or temporary immobilization. The best way to gain that protective perimeter is to have Sentry-
Glas™ by Varian.

SentryGlas™

Most cars operating today can be refitted with SentryGlas without expensive modifications. SentryGlas, which is
fabricated by Viracon, a leading manufacturer of automotive glass, will help vice you the ability to withstand the
initial attack.

SentryGlas is the marriage of Viracon’s advanced glass and a patented intrusion-resistant composite by DuPont.
The result: a highly impact-resistant, anti-intrusive glass.

Although it is not a ballistic glass, SentryGlas can provide a perimeter of protection that keeps intruders out of
your vehicle. At the Scotti School, we’ve repeatedly hit SentryGlas with bats, bricks, rocks and tire irons and have
not been able to enter the car. It has withstood our attacks time and time again.

Think of SentryGlas as a security system for your automobile. We tend to think only of car alarms when we think
of vehicle security. They may prevent someone from stealing your car, but they’re of little use while you’re driv-
ing.

SentryGlas gives you peace of mind by protecting the most important assets you have: yourself and your family.
Of course, SentryGlas also provides static protection—a good idea for salespeople and others who carry valu-
ables in their vehicles and have to leave them parked in a variety of locations.

Personal Strategies for Defensive Driving

Having perimeter protection is a plus. However, you also need to know what to do while you’re being attacked.
Our experience shows that there are four basic ambush scenarios. Here are some basic guidelines for dealing
with them:

Car Top/Rear-End Bump

Your car is moving, and attackers try to get you to stop by rear-ending you. This is a common, everyday situation.
You drive up to an intersection. A car approaches from behind and hits you in the back. A major tip-off to an am-
bush: you did not hear the screeching of tires.

The normal reaction would be for you to get out of your car and inspect the damage. Don’t do this! Instead, wave

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 8
the other driver to follow you to a safe place where you can exchange information. If he does not follow, more
than likely what you just experienced was the prelude to a carjacking.

Attack on a Stopped Vehicle

You’re stopped at an intersection. Your car is approached by someone foot. He’s hiding something, possibly a
crowbar or weapon. Seeing this, you have moved from Condition White to Yellow to Orange.

Your objective is to get as far away from his as possible. If you pull up behind a stopped vehicle, you should al-
ways stop with enough distance so you can see the rear tires of the car in front of you.

If you see something unusual, this allows you enough room to pull out and move around the car in front. In oth-
er situations, you can put the car in reverse and move. Remember to use the terrain; if traffic prevents you from
pulling around to the left but the sidewalk is clear, use it. The alternative is to become a victim.

In either situation, you must be prepared to move decisively—forward or reverse—and to safely get out of the
situation, moving fast in those three crucial seconds

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 9
Decoy Ambush

As you drive along the road, you see what appears to be an accident or a stranded motorist. Someone is standing
there waving for help. Don’t pull over—if you do, you’ve given the advantage to any potential attacker. You can
still be a “Good Samaritan” by signaling the stranded motorist that you’ll call for help—just keep moving.

Parking Lot

When walking to your car in a parking lost, make sure you have your keys in your hand. Get immediately into
your car. Roll up your windows, lock your doors and get out of there. Do not linger in the parking lot.

And, if you see people or something unusual near your car, go back into the store and call security. Never, never
go into a situation you’re not comfortable with.

We also suggest you practice the following simple techniques safely in an open parking lot:

• First, find an open area without cars around. From a stopped position, put your car into drive, turn your
wheels before accelerating, then accelerate for three seconds. You’ll get a first-hand sense of how far you can
move away from a threat in just three seconds!

• In an open space with no other cars around, rehearse the same technique in reverse. Make sure you are look-
ing to the rear and there is nothing behind you. This time, keeping the wheels straight, accelerate rapidly into
reverse.

More Information

The intent of this brochure has been to present, in an informative and condensed form, the essential facts that
can help you and your family avoid a carjacking, or get out of an attack in progress.

To highlight the main points:

• The most important thing to remember: be aware.

• Get to know your surroundings and the areas you visit on a regular basis. If anything looks out of the
ordinary or threatening, avoid it.

• Become familiar with the basic techniques for getting out of high-risk situations outlined in this booklet,
including the three-second strategy and the tactics of Condition White, Yellow, Orange, and Red.

• Equip your vehicle to take the attack. An excellent way is to install SentryGlas, the impact-resistant,
anti-intrusive glass from Viracon. It can help you gain the edge you need in an attack and protect you from
intrusion.

If you would like further information about SentryGlas or the techniques described herein, please contact the
organizations listed at the end of this booklet.

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 10
The ISDA Advantage

The International Security Driver Association (ISDA) serves the Protective Services community. ISDA’s mission is
to support an international forum of protective services providers who share knowledge to enhance the profes-
sion. We are a member-oriented association that serves both the inexperienced and experienced practitioner.

ISDA Provides Members with:

Exclusive Resources
Receive access to a selection of exclusive member-only white papers, book giveaways, business data, downloads,
checklists and more - plus receive special perks & discounts

Marketing
The most common commodity in this country is unrealized potential – Calvin Coolidge
Reaching Your Market – The most powerful marketing tool – Word of Mouth (WOM)

We have created a platform for members to use the most powerful and proven marketing tool available – word-
of-mouth. Members can reach more than 20,000 security practitioners, representing the Corporate, High Net
Worth, Military, and government communities. Many of those who view member content cannot be reached via
the traditional social media outlets. Members reach an audience that is simply not available to others in the
profession.

Educational programs.
The ISDA Knowledge Center provides a constant learning environment for ISDA members, with subjects specifi-
cally designed for the experienced and inexperienced member, all with the goal of increasing a member’s knowl-
edge and marketability. The educational programs are disseminated via blog posts, recorded webinars, videos,
and white papers.

Online Learning
Our soon to come library of extensive courses provides training and practical advice on all aspects of secure
transportation, security driving, business and marketing.

On-Going Research
The business of protection and Secure Transportation is constantly evolving. To meet the needs of the profes-
sion ISDA conducts research on the topics the effect our Profession. Such as collecting data on the changes in
salary, the availability of Job Opportunities, how to effectively use the GI Bill. We research Executive Vehicles and
Equipment such as autonomous and armored

We research Executive Vehicles and Equipment such as autonomous and armored vehicles. We scientifically
analyze recent vehicle attacks and develop lessons learned. We research the new trends, programs, and changes
in Social Media. We present the results of our constant and ongoing research in the form of White Papers free of
charge to the members.

The Member Directory

3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 11
3 SECONDS TO SAFETY 12