Ans: Software Engineering: It Is The Process of Designing, Constructing, and Testing
Ans: Software Engineering: It Is The Process of Designing, Constructing, and Testing
ANS:
There are following six phases in every Software development life cycle model:
Design
Implementation or coding
Testing
Deployment
Maintenance
Business requirements are gathered in this phase. This phase is the main focus
of the project managers and stake holders. Meetings with managers, stake
holders and users are held in order to determine the requirements like; Who is
going to use the system? How will they use the system? What data should be
input into the system? What data should be output by the system? These are
general questions that get answered during a requirements gathering phase.
After requirement gathering these requirements are analyzed for their validity
and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be
development is also studied.
In this phase the system and software design is prepared from the requirement
specifications which were studied in the first phase. System Design helps in
specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall
system architecture. The system design specifications serve as input for the next
phase of the model.
In this phase the testers comes up with the Test strategy, where they mention what to test,
how to test.
3) Implementation / Coding:
On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual
coding is started. Since, in this phase the code is produced so it is the main focus for the
developer. This is the longest phase of the software development life cycle.
4) Testing:
After the code is developed it is tested against the requirements to make sure that the
product is actually solving the needs addressed and gathered during the requirements
phase. During this phase all types of functional testing like unit testing, integration testing,
system testing, acceptance testing are done as well as non-functional testing are also done.
5) Deployment:
After successful testing the product is delivered / deployed to the customer for their use.
As soon as the product is given to the customers they will first do the beta testing. If any
changes are required or if any bugs are caught, then they will report it to the engineering
team. Once those changes are made or the bugs are fixed then the final deployment will
happen.
6) Maintenance:
Once when the customers starts using the developed system then the actual
problems comes up and needs to be solved from time to time. This process
where the care is taken for the developed product is known as maintenance.
2. Provide a number of examples (both positive and negative) that indicate the
impact of software on our society
ANS:
The Impact of Software on People and Society
The time frame in which computers and software have developed has barely
been more than 75 years. Yet their impact on individual humans and on
societies has been as important as the printing press, airplanes, television, and
automobiles.
The following is a summary of tools and applications that have transformed the
way businesses operate; wars are fought; and individuals gather information,
communicate, and use their leisure time. It is surprising that these have all
originated within the past 50 years. Probably half of these tools and applications
are less than 25 years old.
Business tools
Actuarial studies
Advertising via the web
Agricultural planning
Analytics
Bar-code scanners
Big data
Databases
Education tools
Embedded devices
Browser hijackers
Computer botnets
Computer keyboard tracking
Computer spam
Computer spyware
Computer viruses
Computer worms
Computerized customer support
Difficulty in correcting errors in computerized data
Electronic voting machines without backup
Hacking tools
These threats are comparatively new and all are increasingly hazardous in the
modern world. Indeed, identify theft has become one of the largest and most
pervasive crimes in human history. It is also an example of a new kind of crime
where the criminal and the victim never see each other and can be separated by
more than 12,000 miles when the crime takes place.
ANS:
Sugession1:
Make sure that software is designed so that changes in one part of a program do
not create side-effects in another part of the program.
Sugession-2:
Make sure that software is designed so that it does not depend on external
devices or systems that are likely to change with time.
Sugession-4:
Make sure you spend time understanding what the customer wants.
Step1:
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