The document discusses basic matrix operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication by a constant, and multiplication of matrices. It provides examples for each operation. Matrix addition and subtraction require the matrices to have the same dimensions. Multiplication of matrices is possible if the number of columns in the first matrix is equal to the rows of the second. The order of multiplication matters as matrix multiplication is not commutative. Transposing a matrix involves swapping the rows and columns.
The document discusses basic matrix operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication by a constant, and multiplication of matrices. It provides examples for each operation. Matrix addition and subtraction require the matrices to have the same dimensions. Multiplication of matrices is possible if the number of columns in the first matrix is equal to the rows of the second. The order of multiplication matters as matrix multiplication is not commutative. Transposing a matrix involves swapping the rows and columns.
The document discusses basic matrix operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication by a constant, and multiplication of matrices. It provides examples for each operation. Matrix addition and subtraction require the matrices to have the same dimensions. Multiplication of matrices is possible if the number of columns in the first matrix is equal to the rows of the second. The order of multiplication matters as matrix multiplication is not commutative. Transposing a matrix involves swapping the rows and columns.
The document discusses basic matrix operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication by a constant, and multiplication of matrices. It provides examples for each operation. Matrix addition and subtraction require the matrices to have the same dimensions. Multiplication of matrices is possible if the number of columns in the first matrix is equal to the rows of the second. The order of multiplication matters as matrix multiplication is not commutative. Transposing a matrix involves swapping the rows and columns.
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Basic Matrix Operations
A matrix is a rectangular or square grid of numbers arranged into rows and columns. Each number in the matrix is called an element, and they are arranged in what is called an array. The plural of “matrix” is “matrices”. Matrices are often used in algebra to solve for unknown values in linear equations, and in geometry when solving for vectors and vector operations. Example 1) Matrix M M=[ ]
- There are 2 rows and 3 columns in matrix M. M would be called a 2 x 3 (i.e. “2 by 3”) matrix.
PART A - Matrix Addition
We can add matrices together as long as their dimensions are the same, i.e. both matrices have the same number of rows and columns. To add two matrices, we add the numbers of each matrix that are in the same element position.
Example 2) [ ] + [ ] = [ ]
- For the elements in bold: 8 + 3 = 11
PART B - Matrix Subtraction
We can subtract matrices in a similar way to addition. Both matrices need to have the same dimensions, and we subtract the numbers of the second matrix from the first that are in the same element position.
Example 3) [ ] [ ] = [ ]
- For the elements in bold: 8 - 3 = 5
PART C - Multiplying a Matrix by a Constant
We can multiply a matrix by some value by multiplying each element with that value. The value can be positive or negative.
Example 4) 2x [ ] = [ ]
1x [ ] [ ] Example 5) =
Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College YEAR www.georgebrown.ca/tlc
Basic Matrix Operations
- We can get the negative of a matrix by using the above multiplication method: Example 6) [ ] = [ ]
PART D - Multiplying Matrices
We can multiply a matrix (A) by another matrix (B) if the number of columns in A is equal to the number of rows in B (in bold). Multiplication of A by B is typically written as A(B) or (A)B. Example 7) A=[ ] B=[ ]
2x3 3x1
- A has 2 rows and 3 columns and B has 3 rows and 1 column so we can multiply A by B. Notice that we can’t multiply B by A in this particular case because the number of columns in B is not equal to the number of rows in A (in bold). Example 8) B=[ ] A=[ ]
3x1 2x3
- This means that multiplying matrices is not commutative: A(B) ≠ B(A)
To multiply matrices, there’s a convention that is followed.
Let matrix A = [ ] and B = [ ]
A(B) = [ ][ ] = [ ]
- Let’s look at the first row of A and the first column of B. Element a is multiplied by element e. Element b is multiplied by element g. The value of the element in the first row and first column of A(B) is the sum of the products (ae + bg).
A=[ ] B=[ ] Example 9)
2. x 3 3 x 1.
Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College YEAR www.georgebrown.ca/tlc
Basic Matrix Operations
A(B) = [ () ( ) () ] = [ ] ( ) () ( )( )
- Notice A(B) is now a .2 x 1. matrix.
PART E - Transposing a Matrix
To transpose a matrix, we swap the rows for the columns. To indicate that we are transposing a matrix, we add a “T” to the top right-hand corner of the matrix. T Example 10) [ ] = [ ]
Practice Questions
Given the following matrices, please solve the questions below and if you can’t solve the problem, explain why: A=[ ] B=[ ] C=[ ] D=[ ] E=[ ] F=[ ]
1) A + F
2) E – D
3) C + B
4) C(D)
5) A(F)
6) CT
7) FT(E)
Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College YEAR www.georgebrown.ca/tlc
Basic Matrix Operations
Solutions
1) A + F = [ ] [ ] = [ ]
2) E – D = [ ]–[ ] = [ ]
3) C + B = [ ] +[ ]
This problem cannot be solved because the matrices have different dimensions.
4) C(D) = [ ][ ] = [ ]
3x2 2x2 3x2
5) A(F) = [ ][ ]
2x3 2x3
This problem cannot be solved because the number of columns in A does not equal to the number of rows in F.
T 6) CT = [ ] = [ ]
T 7) FT(E) = [ ] [ ] = [ ][ ] = [ ]
3x2 2x2 3x2
Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College YEAR www.georgebrown.ca/tlc
