Vaginal Infections

Vaginal Infections
Knowing the symptoms, causes and types of vaginitis is very important because the discomfort caused by vaginitis
can lead to lost days from school or work, cessation of sexual activity, and infection of one’s sexual partner.
Persistent vaginitis may be an indication of more serious health problems, such as diabetes or a suppressed immune system,
which could be a warning sign of HIV or AIDS.
What is vaginitis?
Vaginitis is an inflammation of a woman’s vagina. In addition, vulvovaginitis involves inflammation of the external parts of
female genital organs. Causes of vaginitis include infection, changes in hormonal balance, mechanical irritation, and allergic
reactions. Vaginitis is often uncomfortable and can become very painful.
What are the symptoms?

Factors that may You may experience an abnormal discharge, as well as itching, burning, pain or irritation upon
lead to vaginitis urination and during intercourse. However, a routine checkup can indicate the presence of vaginitis.
 Improper Diet
Is all vaginal discharge a sign of vaginitis?
 Stress No, since the vagina is a “self-cleaning” organ, it naturally generates discharge. Normal discharge is
 Lack of Sleep transparent or cloudy-white, generally has little odor and causes no irritation. The amount and
consistency of the discharge may vary according to a particular woman’s phase of menstrual cycle, her
 Antibiotics psychological condition and her state of sexual arousal.
The vagina of a healthy woman contains many organisms that coexist in normal balance. When there is an excess of certain
organisms, an abnormal discharge accompanied by an unusually strong and unpleasant odor may result.
How common is vaginitis?

Vaginitis accounts for over 50 percent of all gynecologic office visits in the
U.S. Proper medication and finishing the entire prescription are often What you can do to lower your risk of
necessary to fully eliminate the cause vaginitis. However, despite the getting vaginitis
effectiveness of the medication, vaginitis can return.
 Do not use feminine hygiene sprays or
Are there different types of vaginal infections? scented, deodorant tampons. Do not try
Vaginal infections are classified by three major types: candida, bacterial to cover up a bad odor - it could be a
vaginosis and trichomonas. Of these, candida, also known as “yeast sign of infection that should prompt you
infection”, is the cause of 20 to 40 percent of all cases of infectious to see your doctor.
vaginitis. It is also the most recurrent form of vaginal infection.  Do not douche. It is better to let the
vagina cleanse itself and re-establish
What is candida? normal flora.
Candida is a yeast-like fungus that is normally present in harmless  Use condoms without spermicide during
quantities in the mouth, digestive tract and vagina, as well as on the skin. sex.
Under certain conditions, candida can become more infectious and  Check with your doctor about
multiply rapidly. Up to 15 percent of adult women carry candida preventing yeast infections if you are
organisms without experiencing any symptoms. taking antibiotics for another type of
infection.
How would I know if I had a yeast infection?
The discharge caused by candida infection is sometimes white and thick.
The odor is usually not unpleasant and there is burning and external itching. A woman may have a yeast infection and not
learn about it until her doctor diagnoses it. Typically the diagnosis involves microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge.
How serious are yeast infections?
HED:pg vaginal infections 8/2013

Yeast infections are mainly uncomfortable. However, the irritation caused by yeast can break the integrity of the skin and can
increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. For any woman diagnosed with a yeast infection, quick, safe and efficient
treatment is important.
What is trichomonas vaginitis?

Trichomonas vaginitis is responsible for between 10 and 20 percent of all cases of infectious vaginitis. It is caused by a
parasitic organism that is usually sexually transmitted.
What are the signs of trichomonas vaginitis?

Women with trichomonas vaginitis usually have a profuse vaginal discharge that is green-yellow in color, and sometimes foul-
smelling. Itching, burning, and possible painful urination are other symptoms.
What is bacterial vaginosis and what are its symptoms?

Bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection characterized as having an offensive, fishy odor with minimal vaginal inflammation.
The discharge is usually abundant in amount, is thin, foamy, gray to white in color, and adheres to the vaginal walls. Many
women who have this condition are tempted to douche, however, douching can send these bacteria higher up into the uterus.
This could contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and subsequent infertility problems.
What other factors can contribute to vaginitis?

Stress, poor diet, lack of sleep, or the use of certain antibiotics can all upset the delicate balance of “nature” in the vagina.
Cuts or abrasions to the vagina, intercourse without sufficient lubrication, and wearing tight-fitting clothing may also
contribute to the discomfort. Frequent douching or using a harsh vagina deodorant can dry and inflame vaginal membranes
as well as increase the discharge.
Signs and Symptoms of the Most Common Vaginal Infections *
Trichomoniasis
BV Yeast Infection
(Trichomonas
(Bacterial Vaginosis) (Vaginal Candidiasis)
Vaginalis)
Cause Bacterial Yeast Parasitic trichomonads
Vaginal Odor “Fishy” or ammonia None “Fishy”

Unpleasant Unpleasant
Vaginal Itching/Irritation Sometimes present Usually present Usually present and

(often accompanies urination pronounced
or sexual intercourse)
Vaginal Discharge Thin Thick Frothy
Milky white or gray Cottage cheese-like Yellow-green
White
Treatment Requires specific antibacterial Over-the-counter Requires prescribed
treatment, available only by creams or antibiotics
prescription suppositories or
prescribed oral
medication
* Sometimes more than one infection may be present, so examination by a qualified healthcare provider is needed
Call to make an appointment or to speak with a nurse (858) 534-8089
studenthealth.ucsd.edu

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Vaginal Infections

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Vaginal Infections

What are the symptoms?

How common is vaginitis?

How serious are yeast infections?

HED:pg vaginal infections 8/2013

What is trichomonas vaginitis?

What are the signs of trichomonas vaginitis?

What is bacterial vaginosis and what are its symptoms?

What other factors can contribute to vaginitis?

Signs and Symptoms of the Most Common Vaginal Infections *

Vaginal Odor “Fishy” or ammonia None “Fishy”

Vaginal Itching/Irritation Sometimes present Usually present Usually present and

Call to make an appointment or to speak with a nurse (858) 534-8089

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