DATA VISUALIZATION IN R

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 BASE GRAPHICS
“graphics” package Legends
The package used for Base Graphics in R is “graphics” legend(): controls the position of legends
hist(),boxplot() Univariate Analysis
plot() Bivariate Analysis

1 mfrow()
par()
Arrange n plots in a single plot
Set Graphical parameters
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Univariate Analysis
boxplot() To study distribution of a continuous variable

hist() Frequency distribution of a continuous variable

lines() Joining points with line segments Graphical Parameters
2 abline() Drawing straight lines

par('mar') 5.1 4.1 4.1 2.1

Bivariate Analysis: plot() par(mar=c(1,1,1,1)) 1 1 1 1
Default plotting margin in Rstudio
Rescaling the margin in Rstudio
The plot function can be used for plotting Arranging plots in 2 rows and 2 columns,
• Numeric variables par(mfrow=c(2,2)) 4 plots row-wise
• Character and factor variables Arranging plots in 2 rows and 2 columns,

3 • Scatter plots
• Entire dataset 5 Par(mfcol=c(2,2)) 4 plots
column-wise
 VISUALIZATION USING ggplot2
Base Graphics vs ggplot2 Geoms with default stat and aesthetic
Geom Default Default Aesthetics
1 Base graphics

ggplot2
Good for simple tasks,difficult syntax
Simple syntax, interfaces with other
packages
Stat

5 geom_point

geom_histogra
“identity”

“bin”
colour,fill,shape,size,x,y

colour,fill,linetype,size,weight,x
Grammar of Graphics m

A plot composed of Aesthetic Mapping, Geoms, geom_density “density” colour,fill,linetype,size,weight,x,y

Statistical Transformations, Coordinate Systems and Scales geom_polygon “identity” colour,fill,linetype,size,x,y
Components Description geom_line “identity” colour, linetype, size, x, y
2 Aesthetic
Mapping
What component of data appears on X axis,
Y axis, how is the color, size, fill and position
geom_tile “identity” colour, fill, linetype, size, x, y

of elements is related with the data geom_boxplot “boxplot” colour, fill, lower, middle, size,
upper, weight, x,ymax, ymin
Geoms
(Geometrical
What geometrical objects appear on the
plot: points, lines, polygons, area, boxplot,
6 Note: Items in bold are required, others are optional and have
default values or are computed by a default stat transform
Objects) rectangle, tile etc
Statistical Compute density, counts, (Histogram: Need
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Transformations
to bin and count data)
Univariate Analysis
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, nibh est. geom_boxplot() To study distribution of a continuous variable
Scales and
Coordinate
System
Discreet scale or Continous. Cartesian or
Spherical. 8 Frequency distribution of a continuous
geom_histogram() variable
geom_density() Density plots
 VISUALIZATION USING ggplot/ggmap
Bivariate Analysis Maps in R
geom_point() Scatter plot

1 geom_bin2d() Bivariate counts

Forms a matrix of panels defined by row 5 get_map()
ggmap()
ggsave()
A ggmap object
Plots the object produced by get_map()
saving a plot
facet_grid() and column facetting variables

Facet Grid
2 Most useful when you have two discrete variables

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