UFO FACT SHEET

There is no central office or activity in the Department of

the Navy assigned the mission of collecting and maintaining
information on UFO phenomenon, paranormal activity, and/or
similar incidents.

However, from 1947 to 1969, the U.S. Air Force investigated

reported UFO objects and sightings under Project Blue Book.
This project, headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, Ohio, was terminated on December 17, 1969, based on an
evaluation of a report prepared by the University of Colorado
entitled "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects," a
review of the University of Colorado's report by the National
Academy of Sciences, previous UFO studies, and U.S. Air Force
experience investigating UFO reports during the 1940s through
the 1960s. With the termination of Project Blue Book, the
U.S. Air Force regulation establishing and controlling the
program for investigating and analyzing UFOs was rescinded.
Documentation regarding the former Blue Book investigation
was permanently transferred to the Modern Military Branch of
the National Archives and Records Service. The Project Blue
Book files consist of 61 feet of case files, 20 reels of motion
pictures, 23 items of sound recording, and 8,360 photograph
images. Access to this data should be coordinated with the
Director, National Archives and Records Administration, Eighth
Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20408, College
Park, MD 20740-6001. You may also telephone the Project Blue
Book archivist at (202) 501-5385.

In July 1995, the General Accounting Office compiled a report to

the Honorable Steven H. Schiff, House of Representatives, which
illustrated the results of an extensive search for government
records related to the alleged July 1947 crash near Roswell.
Their search efforts included the examination of a wide range
of classified and unclassified documents dating from July 1947
through the 1950s. The GAO's search encompassed records main-
tained by numerous organizations in New Mexico and elsewhere
through the Department of Defense, as well as the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, .the Central Intelligence Agency, and
the National Security Council. Because the above-referenced
GAO report has been published and stocked for public sale by
the U.S. Government Printing Office, it not subject to the

03/29/99
provisions of the FOIA. A copy of this report can be obtained
by writing to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9328, and referring to
stock number ISBN 0-16-048023-X.

Additionally, the U.S. Air Force has compiled a report entitled

nThe Roswell Report: Fact vs. Fiction in the New Mexico Desert.n
This document is available from the Air Force Historical Center,
SFHSO/HOS, 110 Luke Avenue, Suite 400, Bolling Air Force Base,
Washington, DC 20332-8050.

Other sources of information on this subject are the Internet

and published books available for sale or from your public
library. Further, there are a number· of universities and
professional scientific organizations that have considered UFO
phenomena during periodic meetings and seminars. A list of
private organizations interested in aerial phenomena may be
found in Gale's Encyclopedia.

03/29/99
 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
OF'"F'ICE OF' NAVAL. RESCA.RCH
ARLINGTON. VIRGINIA. 22217

Information Sheet
Philadelphia Experiment; UFO's

Over the years the Navy has received innumerable queries about the
socalled "Philadelphia Experiment" or "Project" and the alleged role
of the Office of Naval Research (CNR) in it. 'Ihe majority of these
inquiries are directed to the Office of Naval Research or to the Fourth
Naval District in Philadelphia. 'Ihe frequency of these queries predict-
ably intensifies each time the experiment is mentioned by the popular
press, often in a· science fiction book.
'I·ne genesis of the Philadelphia Experiment myth dates back to 1955 with
the publication of 'Ihe case for UFO's by the late Morris K. Jessup.
Some time after the publication of the book, Jessup received correspond-
ence from a Carlos Miguel Allende, who gave his address as R.D. tl, Box
223, New Kensington, PA. In his correspondence Allende commented on
Jessup's book and gave details of an alleged secret naval experiment
conducted by the. Navy in Philadelphia in 1943. During the experiment,
according to Allende, a ship was rendered invisible and teleported to
and from Norfolk in a few minutes, with some terrible aftereffects for
crew JTJe!Wers. Supposedly, this incredible feat was accorr;:>lished by
applyil)g Einstein's "unified field" theory. Allende claimed that he had
witnessed the experiment from another ship and that the incident was
reported in a Philadelphia ne"•spaper. 'Ihe identity of the newspaper has
never been established. Similarly, the identity of Allende is unknown,
and no information exists on his present address.
In 1956 a copy of Jessup's book was mailed anonymously to ONR. 'Ihe pages
of the book were interspersed with hand written conrnents which alleged
a knowledge of UFO' s, their means of motion, the culture and ethos of
the beings occupying these UFO's, described in pseudo-scientific and
incoherent terms •
•
Two officers, then assigned to ONR, took a personal interest in the
book and showed it to Jessup. Jessup concluded that the writer of
the collr.lents ·on his book was the same person who had written him about
the Philadelphia Experiment. These two officers personally had the book
retyped and arranged for the reprint, in typewritten form, of 25 copies.
Tne officers and their personal belongings have left ONR rrany years ago,
and 0:-IR does not have a file copy of the annotated book.

Jl1~
 REVIEW

OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CO~ORADO REPORT ON UNIDENTIFIED F~YING OBJECTS
BY A
PANEL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Copyright, National Academy of Sciences, 1969. This book, or any parts

thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission

from the publisher except that reproduction in whole, or in part, is

permitted for any use of the United States Government •

Attachment ~. pg 4
 Review

of the

University of Colorado Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

by a

Panel of the National Academy of Sciences

The Panel was appointed in the latter part of October and early
November 1966. The charge to the Panel was "to provide an independent
assessment of the scope, methOdology, and findings of the (University
of Colorado) study as reflected in the· (University's) Report." While
the Panel largely restricted its review to this charge, it was thought
both appropriate and necessary that the Panel become familiar with various
scientific points of view as presented in other publications and reports
by technically trained persons.

It was not the task of the Panel to conduct its own study of UFOs
or to invite advocates, scientifically trained or not, of various points
of view to hearings. The task was to study the University•_s Report
and to assess: First, its scope; namely, did the Report, in the opinion
of the Panel, cover thOse topics that a scientific study of UFO !ilenomena
should have embraced? Sea:md, its methodology; namely, did the Report,
in the opinion of the Panel, reveal an acceptable scientific methodology
and approach to the subject? Third, its findir..gs; namely, were the
conclusions and interpretations warranted by the evidence and analyses
as presented in. the Report and were they reasonable?

In the course of its review the Panel consulted papers on the same
subject by technically trained persons (for example, William Markowitz,
"The Physics and Meta!ilysics of Unidentified Flying Objects," Science,
157 ( 1967), pp. 1274-79. James E. McDonald, "Science, Technology, and
UFOs," presented January 26, 1966, at a General Seminar of the United
Aircraft Research Laboratories, East Hartford, Connecticut. James E.
McDCI'Iald, "UFOs- An International Scientific Problem," presented March
12, 1966, at the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute Astronautics
SymposiUIII, Montreal, Canada. James E. McDonald, "Statement on International
Scientific Aspects of' the Problems of' Unidentified Flying Objects,"
sent to the United Nations on June 7, 1967. Donald H. Menzel, Flying
• Saucers, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, 1952). Donald H. Menzel
and Lyle G. Boyd, The World of Flying Saucers, Doubleday (New York,
1963). Report of Meetings of Scientific Advisory Panel on Unidentified
FlYing Objects, January 14-18, 1953. Special Reoort of the USAF Scientific
Advisory Board ad hoc Committee to Review Project "Blue Book," March, 1966.
Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects, Hearings before the Committee
on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth
Congress, Second Session, July 29, 1968).

Attachment 2, pg 5
 The Panel began its review immediately after the Report became
available on November 15, 1968, by an initial reading of the Report .
by each member of the Panel during a two-week period. The Panel convened
on December 2 for a discussion of members • initial assessments, for
consideration of the Panel's charge (scope, methodology, and findings
in the Report), and for delineation of further steps in its review.
The latter included the study of other documents presenting views and
findings of technically trained persons (e.g., the documents cited above),
further examination of the Report's summary and findings, and further
directed study of' specialized chapters of the Report by appropriate
members of the Panel. Extensive discussion, both by correspondence
and by telephone, occurred during this period. The Panel met again
on January 6, 1969, to conclude its deliberations and to prepare its
findings, which are presented below.

I. SCXlPE

The study by the University of Colorado co111111enced in October 1966

and continued for about two years. Case studies of 59 reports of UFOs
are presented in detail, with 68 plates; of these, ten reports predated
the project, but were so well documented that they were included. A
chapter is devoted to UFOs in history, one to UFO study programs in
foreign countries, and one to UFOs reported in the 20 years preceding
the study. Ten chapters are devoted to perceptual problems, processes
of perception and reporting, psychological aspects of UFO reports, optics,
radar, sonic boom, atmospheric electricity and plasma interpretations, f~
balloons, instrumentation for UFO searches, and statistical analyses.
(Twenty-four appendixes add detailed technical background to the study.
Volume 4 concludes with an index of 27 pages.)

In our opinion the scope of' the study was adequate to its purpose:
a scientific study of UFO !Xlenomena.

II. METHODOLOGY

As a rule, field trips were made to investigate UFO reports only

if they were less than a year old. The Report states that nearly all
UFO sighting are of short duration, seldom last an hour and usually
for a few minutes. Thus most investigations consisted of interviews
with persons who made reports. Three teams, usually consisting of two
persons each (a !Xlysical scientist and a psychologist, were employed
in field investigations where telephonic co111111unication with UFO-sighting
• individuals gave hope of' gaining added information. The aim was to
get a team to the site as quickly as possible after a reported sighting.
• (It was found that nearly all cases could be classified in such categories
as pranks, hoaxes, naive interpretations, and various types of misinterpretations
A few events, which did not fit these categories, are left unexplained.)

Materials and conditions amenable to laboratory approaches were.

investigated - e.g., alleged UFO parts by chemical analysis, automobile
ignition failure by simulation studies, and UFO photography by photogr&~~~~~~etri<
analyses. (Of 35 photographic cases investigated, nine are said to
give evidence of probable fabrication, seven are classified as natural

Attachment 2, pg 6
 or man-made phenomena, twelve provided insufficient data for analysis,
and seven were considered to be possible fabrications; none proved to
be "real objects with high strangeness.")
Technically trained personnel were utilized by the University.
The University group included a sub-group on field investigations of
UFO reports; their narration and interpretations of cases are reasonable
and adequate. Leading groups were engaged under contract for specialized
work-- e.g., Stanford Research Institute on radar anomalies and a subsidiary
of the Raytheon Corporation for photogrammetric analyses. .Divergent
views of those few scientists who have looked into UFOs were taken into
account. The history of the subject was also surveyed, including the
experiences in some other nations. Finally, extensive use was made
of many specialists in various public and private laboratories.
The Report makes clear that with the best means at our disposal, positive
correlation of all UFO reports with identifiable, known phenomena is
not possible. No study, past, current or future, can provide the basis
for stating categorically that a familiar phenomenon will necessarily
be linkable to every sighting. The Report is free of dogmatism
on this matter. It is also clear, as one goes through the
descriptions of UFO sightings, whether in the Report or in other literature,
that while some incidents have no positive identification with familiar
phenomena, they also have no positive identification with extraterrestrial
visitors or artifacts.

We think the methodology and approach were well chosen, in accordance

with accepted standards of scientific investigation.

III. FINDINGS

The study concludes (a) that about 90 percent of all UFO reports
prove to be quite plausibly related to ordinary phenomena, (b) that
little if anything has come from the study of UFOs in the past 21 years
that has added to scientific knowledge, and (c) that further extensive
study of·UFO sightings is not justified in the expectation that science
will be advanced thereby. At the same time it is emphasized in the
Report that (c) is an opinion based on evidence now available.

The Report's findings and evaluations-- essentially eight ~n number,

presented in its first section -- are concerned with official secrecy
' on UFOs, UFOs as a possible defense hazard, the future governmental
handling of UFO-sighting reports, and five of them relate to the question
• of what if any further investigation of UFOs appear warranted in the
light of the study. We paraphrase and summarize these findings and
evaluations be:ow, appending our comments.

1. On secrecy. Is the subject "shrouded in official secrecy"?

The study found no basis for this contention.

We accept this finding of the study.

Attachment 2, pg 7
 2. On defense. (a) Is there eVidence that UFO sightings may represent
a defense hazard? No such evidence came to light in the study. This,
however, was not an objective of the study and was properly construed
as a Department of Defense matter. (b) The Report states: "The history
of the past 21 years has repeatedly led Air Force officers to the conclusion
·that none of the things seen, or thought to have been seen, which pass
by the name of UFO reports, constituted any hazard or threat to national
security."
We concur with the position described in (a). As to (b), we found
no evidence in the Report or other literature to contradict the quoted
statement.
3. On future UFO sightings. "The _question remains as to what,
i f anything, 'the federal government should do about the UFO reports
it receives from the general public?" The Report found no basis for
activity related to such sighting reports "in the expectation that they
are going to contribute to the advance of science," but the Department of
Defense should handle these in its normal surveillance operations with-
out need for such special units as Project Blue Book.
We concur in this recommendation.
4-8. On further investigation. (4) should the federal government
"set up a major new agency, as some have suggested for the scientific ~
study of UFOs"? The study found no basis for recommendation of this
kind. (5) Would further extensive study of UFO sightings contribute
to science? "Our general conclusion is that nothing has come from the
study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to scientific know-
ledge. The Report then notes that specific research topics may warrant
consideration: (6) "There are important areas of atmospheric optics,
including radio wave propagation, and of atmospheric electricity in
which present knowledge is quite incomplete. These topics come to our
attention in connection with the interpretation of some UFO reports,
but they are also of fundamental scientific interest, and they are relevant
to practical problems related to the improvement of safety of military
and civilian flying. Research efforts are being carried out in these
areas by the Department of Defense, the Environmental Science Services
Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and
by universities and nonprofit research organizations such as the National
Center for Atmospheric Research, whose work is sponsored by the National
Science Foundation."
•
The Report also observes (7) that UFO reports and beliefs are also
of interest to "the social scientist ·and the communications specialist."
In these areas particularly-- i.e., (6) and (7) --the study suggests
(8) that "scientists with adequate training.and credentials who do come
up with a clearly defined, specific proposal" should be supported, implying
that normal competitive procedures and assessments of proposals should
be followed here as is customary.

Attachment 2, pg 8
 We concur with these evaluations and recommendations.
IV. PANEL CONCLUSION

The range of topics in the Report is extensive and its various

chapters, dealing with many aspects of the subject, should prove of
value to scholars in many fields. Its analyses and findings are pertinent
and useful in any future assessment of activity in this field. We
concur in the recommendation suggesting that no high priority in UFO
investigations is warranted by data of the past two decades.
We are unanimous in the opinion that this has been a very credi-
table effort to apply objectively the relevant techniques of science
to the solution of the UFO problem. The Report recognizes that there
remain UFO sightings that are not easily explained. The Report does
suggest, however, so many reasonable and possible directions in which
an explanation may eventually be found, that there seems to be no reason
to attribute them to an extraterrestrial source without evidence that
is much more convincing. The Report also shows how difficult it is
to apply scientific methods to the occasional transient sightings with
any chance of success. While further study of particular aspects of
the topic (e.g., atmospheric phenomena) may be useful, a study of UFOs
in general is not a promising way to expand scientific understanding
of the phenomena. On the basis of present knowledge the least likely
explanation of UFOs is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitations
by intelligent beings.
--Gerald M. Clemence, chairman; H. R. Crane, David M.. Dennison, Wallace
0. Fenn, H. Keffer Hartline, E. R. Hilgard, Mark Kec, Francis W. Reschelderier,
William W. Rubey, C. D. Shane, Oswald G. Villar, Jr.
Attachments:
--List of Panel Members

Attachment 2, pg 9
 MEMBERS OF THE REVIEW PANEl.

Gerald M. Clemence, Chairman

Yale University
H.R. Crane Mark K:ac

University of Michigan The Rockefeller University

David M. Dennison Francis W. Reichelderfer
University or Michigan Washington, D.C.
Wallace 0. Fenn William W. Rubey
University of Rochester University of California
at I.os Angeles
H. Keffer Haneline C.D. Shane
The Rockefeller University Santa Cruz, California
E.R. Hilgard Oswald G. Villard, Jr.
Stanford University Stanford University

Attachment 2, pg 10
 OFO FACT SHEET

The Air Force investigation of UFO's began in 19~8 and was known
as Project Sign. Later the name was changed to Project Grudge, and
in 1953, it became Project Blue Book. Between 19~8 and 1969 we investi-
.gated 12,618 reported sightings.
The following is a statistical listing of reported OFO sightings
during the Air Force investigation:
TOTAL UFO SIGHTINGS, 1947 - 1969

YEAR TOTAL SIGHTINGS UNIDENTIFIED

1947 122 12
1948 156 7
1949 186 22
1950 210 27
1951 169 22
1952 1. 501 303
1953 509 42
1954 487 46
1955 545 24
1956 670 14
1957 1'006 14
1958 627 10
1959 390 12
1960 557 14
1961 591 13
1962 474 15
1963 399 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 16
1966 1. 112 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 1

TOTAL 12,618 701

• Of these total sightings, 11,917 were found to have been caused
by material objects (such as balloons, satellites, and aircraft), immaterial
• objects (such as lightning, reflections and other natural phenomena),
astronomical objects (such as stars, planets, the sun and the moon),
weather conditions and hoaxes. As indicated only 701 reported sightings
remain unexplained.

Attachment 2, pg 1
 On December 17, 1969 the Secretary of the Air Force announced the
termination of Project Blue Book.
·The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on an
evaluation of a report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled,
"Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" a review of the Univer-
sity of Colorado's report by the National Academy of Sciences; past
UFO studies; and Air Force experience investigating UFO reports for
two decades.

As a result of these investigations and studies, and experience

gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the conclusions of
Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported, investigated, and evalu-
ated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our
national security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or dis-
covered by the Air Force that sightings· categorized as "unidentified"
represent technological developments or principles beyond the range
of present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" are extrater-
restrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force regulation
establishing and controlling the program for investigating and analyzing
UFOs was rescinded. All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
investigation was permanently transferred to the Modern Military Branch,
National Archives and Records Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue,
Washington, D.C. 20408, and is available for public review and analysis.

In 1977, President Carter asked the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) to look into the possibility of resuming UFO investi-
gations. After ·studying all the facts available, they decided that
nothing would be gained by further investigation. The Air Force agrees
with that decision. If, however, firm evidence is found justifying
further investigation, an appropriate agency will be directed to under-
take the effort.

There are a number of universities and professional scientific

organizations such as the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, which have considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings
and seminars. In addition, a list of private organizations interested
in aerial phenomena may be found in Gale's Encyclopedia of Associations
(Edition 8, Vol I, pp. 432-3). Such timely review of the situation
by private groups insures that sound evidence will not be overlooked
• by the scientific community .

For further reference material, two documents are available from

the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, VA 22151:

Attachment 2, pg 2
 Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. Study conducted
by the University of Colorado under contract Fijij620-76-C-0035. Three
volumes, 1,465 p. 68 plates. Photoduplicated hard copies of the official
report may be ordered for $6 per volume, $18 the set of three, as AD
680:975, AD 680:976, and AD 680:977.
Review or University of ~olorado Report on Unidentified
Flying Objects. Review of report by a panel of the National Academy
of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 1969, 6p. Photoduplicated
hard copies may be ordered for $3 as AD 688:541 •

3
Attachment 2, pg 3
 TOTAL UFO (OBJECT) SIGHTINGS

(Compiled 17 Jan 66)

TOTAL
YEAR SIGHTINGS UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE

1947 122 12 Case Files

1948 156 7 Case Files
1949 186 22 Blue Book, page 108
1950 210 27 Case Files
1951 169 22 Case Files
1952 1,501 303 Blue Book, page 108
1953 509 42 Case Files
1954 487 46 Case Files
1955 545 24 Case Files
1956 670 14 Case Files
1957 1,006 14 Case Files
1958 627 10 Case Files
1959 390 12 Case Files
1960 557 14 ·Case Files
1961 591 13 Case Files
1962 474 15 Case Files
1963 399 14 Case Files
1964 562 19 Case Files
1965 886 16 Case Files
10,147 646

7•
 STATISTlCAL DATA lOR TEAR81U3-IIM

TOTAL CASES BT CATEDORT (Co~~~plled I N.. 151

.!!!! !!!i. !!!! !!!! .!.!!! ill! ill! .!!.!!! 1!!!. ~ Ul3 .!!!! ~
.Utroaomtcal ITS 13' 135 m 341 Z31 144 235 203 131 15 1%3 ZIS'I
AJ.rcratt
Ballocm
ln1UU1e1ent Data
,.
13 10
83
1%4
102
lfl
n
211
114
101
51
u
31
It ·
zz
~
31
81
II
13
21
11
20
1111
Ill

Other
SateWte
"ez
0
103
II
OS
15
132
11
Ill
120
•
111
n
85
T5
105
14
Ill
11
84
85
58
51
II
II
U41
818

UnidentUIPd
TOTAL
42
501 m
0
48
m
0
24
0
14
iiO
14
1001 m
II
10
0
12
jiG
21
14
m m
81
13
m
"
15
12
14
3oi
142

M
II
411
231
eat'!
ASTRONOMICAL SICRTINCS

Met eon 10 12 ,. 81 1'11

,.
181 100 111 111 15 51 81 Uti
Stars and Pllnetl 101 u 5Z 131 IM 40 45
" 38 23
,
55 lOS

-m m•
Other 1 4 3 II 1 4 3 5 5
TOTAL m m m "'M m ·m -m m -n m "
111'1
OTHER CASES

Hou:u, Hallw:tnatt.ou.
Onnllable lt~r-..P ud
Ptye:holoc1ea1 C~•• 15 I II 18 r. Zl 14 13 11 11 II 34 Dl
ML.. UII and Jtocl.U
Reneettona
2
4
I
I
I
4
3
3 .: I
1
14
II
IZ
•
13
3
8
3
·u
0
1
2
n
M
nan• and Flr~~
M'ruu and 1--:Ytrltonll
I
3
4
2 •
4
I
I
I
:
3
2
s
4
1
s
4
I
3
3
3
~
1
2
58
31
S.areh and Gr:JUnd.U.rhtl 8 I 14 8 12 I 5 I I 3 : I II
Cloudll and Contn.llll
CIWI
I
0
3
2
2
0
I
I ' •Is
2
3
I
4
•3
s
3
4
5
5
2
0
I
41
21
Blrd.l
R a.dar Analysts
4
15
1
1
2
1
•• I
21 3
0
I I
2
8
2
0
2
1
4
2
34
n

. •
Photo Analyala I 1 2 4 1 1 4 3 2 3 I 40
Pht"I1C al Soec lme-rt1 I I 5 3 5 10 3 1 4 15 3 I 10
Sa.telllte Dfi'C:ay 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 8 3 3 4 3 23
Other
TOTAL Tz
1
-n' 65
4 0 8
-no -n
s 3
71 04
3
~• 2
65
4
51 8i• 41
""liT

8
 STATISTlCS FOR IH5

(Compiled l8 Jan UUUI}

~ !!! ~ ~ ~ JUN ~ ~ ~ .2£!. ..!!2! ~ ~

ASTRONOMICAL 10 I II 4 2 10 21 12 30 21 22 12 245
AlRCRAn II I 14 II 14 1 32 u 20 13 14 5 210
BALl-OON 3 2 1 3 0 3 1 s 2 1 0 2 35
t:<st:FFIC!E:<T DATA 5 4 2 4 4 2 1S 24 15 5 3 1 85
OTHER 11 s 1 I 5 s g 42 . 1 g 11 3 12S
SATELLITE 4 5 5 5 15 5 42 41 24 3 0 3 152
U~lOEl<TIFIEO 1 0 2 I 1 0 2 4 4 0 I 0 IS
PEXOISQ 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 I 4 2 11
TOTAL iS E i3 3i ii 33 ffi m !iii 7o » Zi iii
ASTRONO'TICAL CASES

~ !!! ~ ~ ~ :!!!!!. :!!!!: ~ ~ .2£! .!!QY £!£ ~

!\1e-le-ors
Stns ~ Planeu
•
3
s
1
I
3
2
2
2
0
4
5
14
10
2S
55
13
IS
s
20
g
13
5
1
101
135
Otner 1a 1b 0 0 0 1c 3d 1e I• If 0 0 g
TOTAL 10 i rr i 2 10 i'i if ~ 21 2z n m
1.:a1 Sobr Im:1ge (b) Moon (c) Sun (d) Reflected Moonll.lbt, Parheli&, Moon (e) ReQeeted Moonlil'ht (()Comet Ikeya-Seki.

OTHER CATEGORY

~ !!! MAR ~ MAY .:!!!!!. .:!!!!:. AUO ~ .2£! !!Q! .£!£ ~

Hoazu. Hallucift&ttonli,
Unnl~ble R~ru and
P~cbolD(lca.l Ca~es 5 3 4 2 2 12 I 3 0 0 34
~t. . uu and Roc:Ut.t 1 3 I I 3 I 10
Re-nectloRI I 1 2 I 1 1 1
Flaru :a.nd Fire-worU 1 I I 4
:'w"tlr:lR'f'S and lnv•rstona 2 3 5
suren :a.ne Crcnmd LlJbts 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 g
Clouds and Contrails 1 I 3
C"'-U I
BirdS 2 2 3 I 11
Ph\·stc:d SpPcamPftl 1c lr 1w 3
A:a.dar l•n.alysl.t 1e 1( 3rmn 1m s
Pholo Ana.lyal.t 2d1 1d 11 2"1 5x 11 12
Satellite Decay 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 I I
Miscetan~rous 2al> 3tuY u
• •
2bl 1b 4sbbb 1b
TOTAL rr i 'i i 5 i 4Z 'i 1l i m
tal Tncer Bullets (b) Mi.li.aterpretation of ConTentional Objects (e) Metal BaU (d) Dneloper Smear (e) .\nom.alCUI Propaptic.
' tO Kitts (IJ Electroruc Countu Meuuru (hi OebrLS 1n Wind (J) No lmqe on FUm. (k) Poor PhOto Proc:••• (l) Free FalUnc Ob)Ht
1m1 FJ.lu T.arc•u lnl Weather AeNrM (p) Emuls'on flaws (r) Pla.tlc Ball (I) Man on Ground (t) l..lchtrunc (ul Cbenuc&l TraiU
from Rese.arcb Roxat (Y) Mt... lle Launch Actlvlty (w) Gourd
•

·'

9
 FIREBALL REPORT

Persons observing a fireball or meteor should report the Information to

the American Meteor Society. The Information desired is contained below.

A very brilliant meteor or fireball is re- possible, and due credit given. n is only by the
ported to have passed in your vicinity on ; ••• help of those ·who can give personal Information
at the hour of •.•••• Will you please answer that data can be secured for the computation of
as fully as possible the following questions, the orbits of meteors. These data are of great
which are asked on bebaU of the American Me- scient1fic value and all reasonable efforts should
teor Society in order that permanent recordS of be made to obtain them. Youwillbeunable prob-
such phenomena may be obtained. When these ably to answer all questions below, but answer
reports are published each contributor whose those you can, as they may be of the greatest
report is fairly complete will be mentioned, if importance.

'

10
 Section 4-SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONS

....,.
AMALGAMAliD FlYINGSAUCER Q.UBS" AMERICA
P.O 60184
(I'll•-• I (AFSCA)
Pllane: 121318~31 ·-·
SOCIETY FOR THE INVESiTGA nON OF THE UNEXPLAINED (I'II-I !SITlJ)
A.D. Orw Pllane; 12011496-4366
Nonnncqe. CA 91324 Garet Gteon. l'fts. COiuii'Ciia. NJ 07132 AIOona z-. Elec.Sec.
Fo111lllj: 1959. M.-.: 50DII. t.a ar.s: 110. "WoriC·WICO resea-dl Fo•lllj:. 1965. M•"": 1250. An orqanrzauan "tr:r tno acqursohllll,
orQamunon Mth memDeB~nau 50 states and m23 bre.gn countr•a fD antcrm lnvtSUQIIIcn Jl'ld Cissemrnauon of intorm111on on reggns of all tanorblt •terns '"
tl'le oeneral oubtac abOut the rul•ty ottlyu~g uucers (ematerrestr•&l scacecratt Ute he IdS ot cnemrsuy, astronomy. gtoto9y. brotoqy and antnroootOQy, tnD Jfl
P•~ted tJI; aaW~nced men ana women trom otner DlanttS ano star systems) and not reao1ly exgt11ned ... EncctraQes hetG work anc on·tne-saot ti'IYisllgauon by
of anetr Plan lor 1mpanan9 U'ltlf auvanced ll:nDWieoae to tne oeoole ot tl'lt EJI1h offenno adVIca, netcunqto ra•se tul"'ds ana arrang1n9 contacts lor memcefS who
'" araer to resolve Clltsent world praoaems." AFSCA snes as a source of art otannrRQ held b'lps and exoeoruons. Ftetd work anG research are rtvitwtd
"mmacttt-anemed" lly•no sauctr tnlormat•on. inclua•no bookS. DhDIOQr.,ns. DV a panel ot twenty saenr111s. Oassemenzes mtormauon on .findings lhraugfl
comactee reooru. and s~ce taon ("'tape ree«ded mns~~;~es tram soaca 11s Qu.terty 10Ufl1ll. papers and rroons. Current rnvesugauons conducted by
people··). Local untts hOld ou<mc mnungs ro promat knawlldQt at the sa.c. Soaery mtmDefS tndudt sUd1 areas as ancent E;ypttan tet~siOft. ringing
sUDIICI and serve as sO\I'etS tcr •ntarmanon and lite'aturt in theit areas. rocu.. tntombed toac11 and pohetQe•S1 nwutestmrons. Tht SoalfY mmntainl
,. _ _ , flyr"'l S..Ca'sln,.nauonaa. qut•ty.

......
rnbrmatJOn fates of oragrnat mattrrat. a mJD ccllectlon and a sgecaahztd libra"Y.
- - Actw.i1oes: IJOrary. , . . _ , (1) PursurL ouaurty; (2) Annual
Rtt10n: alsO pultilllls OCCOSIOIIIIIIIIIII1 andsptCIIf lepariL
INTERNATIONAL FORliAN ORGANIZATION ( I ' l l - ) (INFO!
P.O. Box 367 Pliant: (703) 920.7120 ·•4151•
Arlonqlon. VA 22210 Paul J. WolliL Oil. UFO INFORMAnON AETAIEVAL CENTER (I'II-I (U101RC)
Fe•lld: 1965. M•blrl: 1500. Sciemtsts. schol•s. and ~ztmen coneerned wil:tl P.O. Box 57 Pllanr. (301) 435-47tl5
new ana unusual saenufie Cisc:aftfles. prulosoonac ll:rOCiems oeruantng to tne Riderwood. MD 21131 Thomas M. Olsln. Pr&
crnerra ol scremrHc nlidrly. and!IW«res of knowreoqe. M1rn1arns lior;ry of Fo••j: t966. T• coiiiCI. wtyze. pultHstr and Cissamona11 intorlllllian an
5000 volumes m the ph'fllcal. bJOIOQrcat. and gsycnotogiCJI sc1ences. Named reoons of unrcon1doll1 fly1"'l OOJICIS. l'altlcalltll: Aefwonca f« OuiSiandlng
aftlr Charles Hoy Fort (187t-1932). an Amencan Jl:n.rNttsr wno wu •nteratld UFO Siglt1rnq AetiDna. irregUia'.
in resurcrung ana aocumenuno uf'IISuat anc unup111ned natural phenomena.
I'IMriOIIoos: (11 Fone.. Times. Orrnontftly; (2) Thermo Journal. oomon1tlty; (3)
QcaSIONI P111011. Slponlll•: fonean SOciiiY. Clhollllllllo ..... : iiMUII. ·-·
AEIUAL f'11UOIDA AESWCH OAGANtZAnON (AI'AO)
3910 E. KleonCIIIRd.
Tucson.AZ85712
- (802) 793-1825
CoratE.Lo-.Sec.-Trtas.
'*"'7*
NATIONAL INVESnGA nONS COMMmEE ON AEA!Al1'11EJIIIIEJA (NICAI') f•••rl: !952. ••..,., 3000. Sid: 5. To C1lndUCirnvtstrqa1iartSand resurCII
into the phenomenon of unidentrfied nying Objects IUFOs~ and to lind a
·•35 Unovei111Y Blvd. W.. Suilt 23 Pllane: (301) 949-1217 scenutically acceptaOie sotulion to tnes pnenomenan. Has special
nsrnq1on. MO 20795 Jotrn l. Acuff. Pres.
rllllil•: 1956. Mtlliln: 4000. Sid: 5. Persons intwtSted in a••ll Clhnmtnl.
rec:resen111tva rn ov.- 50 courlrieS. Uses sernczs of ovtr tniny statf
consuUants an fields ran9'ng from broc:henustry to utronamy. Maintarns
D.tniCUIJI'Iy Unldtmtfltd tlyinQ Ot'Jfects (UF0s); Clltlll of ldVIIft lnc;:ludes
sc•emrsts. er:gmeers. aVIataon exoens. Cle1'9ymtn. retTrtd m111tar"V otflcws. and COMCA T, c - cawoq ollll ~vadil>lt UFO repons. r 'II · - · Bulltbn,
ltlllltflty.
protessars. To gatner. analyn. evaluate. an_d C•ssem'-"att ret11Die intcnnrtiaft
on aanJJ gnenomena. Promotes saerw•flc ~nvesu;auon. Fietd investaoatJOrtl
cameo out by tecruucauv onemed succommanees (35 U.S.). PrCMdiS
b•Cihograonic anc sourca matenaiS to students. exChange am to sc:aentrttc
soaet1es and u'lc:livecuat saenustS. and semHecnmcaa reooru to scaennsts.
Congress. and tne oress. Maama~ns largt hbr.-y on aerall cnenomena. avaation,
as~ronomy, anG callecuon of maoazane anaan. newspaoer c!ICDU'IQS. letters.
ancl otner cocuments. Sponsors a lectun program ana an exnrcrt. tnvotvld wUh
a como,.er S1uCV. Protta ACCESS. I'IMICIIJUI: Tilt U.f.O. lnvostOQaiDr,
man1nry: atso guorosnes UFO EY1dena: UFO Wavt of 1947; SlratrQt EHIICIS from

......
UFOs. BoarD olqovem«s 1tt1111 qua'llrly.

SAUCER AND UNEXPLAINED cafSiTAL EVENTS AES£AFICH SOCiffi

tl'llt•IOIIIII(SAUCEIIS)
P.O. 8012221 PIIOIW; (304) 269-271t
ClarkSourq. WV 2G301 Gtsy Barkor. bee. Offlcsr
Foalllll: 1~. M.-Nn: 6000. ltd: 3. Ptrsons mterestea 1n UFO'S fun•dentrfied
IIYI"9 DD!tcts. coowarty QUid ftV'"9 uucerst. Soonsors montnty lectures rn
N!w Yor• C•IY and sDetCnH to cDII19fS and otner •nstrtutaons mrou9ncut tnt
United States. Concuas rw••Ch. Ma,.l!ns bbrary of several thouund UFO
"' tiCIOkS and oenoctu:ats. rtMiatita: Ntwstenar. arrtgu... Takes Dart an annuli
'onvontron known as 1111 CO"'lfesslll Sclmbhc U101oqrsrs. Cltn111t11 .,...,.,
amllll.
•
•4111•
SMITHSONIAN INSTTTUTION CENru FOR SHOAT LIVED PIIEJOIIW
185 AleWife Bralll< Pky, Pllane: 1617) 868-4793
Camtludge. MA 02138 RoDen Cnron, Oil.
Fo•u•: 1968. Funded tty Smithsonian Institution. Serves as a c1ear1no nause
lOt recera~ ana dassermnanon of •niarmauan conc:ernn1CJ ra-t or •ntreQuent
natl.l'll events wrucn mr9nt 90 unobstrwd or unrnvestiCjatera. sucn as remote
-:arne erua~•ons.
t11nh ot new 1Sla'1CS. 1111 ot meteof'lles and tarot firecalla.
. suacten cranges 1n orotoQacalJl'ld ec0109•c.at systems. Observers all ovwr
me world lndud1n9 news me011. pnvatt cn•zens. IndiVIdual SCitntlsts, and
sc,enr,hc ooservatoues recon on any sucn snort-hved events. Rapid team
moOIIIliltlon w11t enaote resurcn teams. wnn InstrumentS and eQUIPment. 10 011
1nto evem arus 1n as sn111 a tame as posgblt to a~llect data 11\it m!QM
otnerwtse oe lOSt to sc1ence. l'ltiiCIIilas: {11 Evtnt lntonnat•on Aeoorts. aa•ly;
t2l E"nl NOIIhc.atoon R<!>DnS. ailty: (3) Anrual ROI>cn: (4) Event Repons,
1rTf9Utar'.
Attachment 2, pg ll
•
PROJECT

BLUE
BOOK
•

., 1 FEBRUARY 1966
l
 PROJECT BLUE BOOK

The United States Air Force has the responsibility under the Department of Defense for the
investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The name of this program, which has been in
operation since 1948, is Project Blue Book. It has been Identified In the past as Project Sign and
' Project Grudge.

Air Force interest In unident!!led flying objects is related directly .to the Air .Force responsi-
bility for the air defense of the United States. Procedures for conducting this pr=!p·am are estab-
lished by Air Force Regulatlnn 200-2.

The objectives of Project Blue Book are two-fold: first, to determine whether UFOs pose a
threat to the security of the United States; and, second, to determine whether UFOs exhibit any
unique scientific information or advanced technology which could contribute to scientific or technical
research. In the course of accomplishing these objectives, Project Blue Book strives to ident!!y
and explain all UFO sightings reported to the Air Force.

HOW TBE PROGRAM IS CONDUCTED

The progr= is conducted In three phases. The first phase Includes receipt of UFO reports
:u~d initial investigation of the reports. The Air Force base nearest the location of a report.ed sight-
ing is charged with the responsibility of Investigating the sighting and forwarding the information to
the Project Blue Book Office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

If the initial investigation does not reveal a positive identiflcatlnn or explanation, a second
phase of more intensive analysis is conducted by the Project Blue Book Office. Each case is objec-
tively and scientifically analyzed, and, if necessary, all of the scientific facilities available to the
Air Force can be used to assist in arriving at an identification or explanation. All personnel asso-
ciated with the investigation, analysis, and evaluation efforts of the project view each report with
a scientific approach and an open mind.

The third phase of the program is dissemination of information concerning UFO sightlngs,
.evaluations, and statistics. This is accomplished by the Secretary of the Air Force, Office of In-
formation.

The Air Force defines an unidentified flying object as any aerial object which the observer is
unable to identify •
•
Reports of unfamili:tr objects in the sky are submitted to the Air Force from many sources.
These sources include military and civilian pilots, weather observers, amateur astronomers,
• business and professional men and women, and housewives, etc.

Frequently such objects as missiles, balloons, birds, kites, searchlights, aircraft navigation
and anticollision beacor.s, jet engine exhaust, condensation trails, astronomical bodies and meteor-
ological phenomena are mistakenly reported as unide~tified flying objects.

The Air Force groups its evaluations of UFO reports under three general headings: (1) ident!!led,
(2) insufficient data, and (3) unidentified.

1
 Identified reports are those for which sufficient specific information has been accumulated and
evaluated to permit a positive identification or explanation of the object. ·

Reports categorized as Insufficient Data are those for which one or more elements of informa-
tion essential for evaluation are missing. Some examples are the omission of the duration of the
sighting, date, time, location, position in the sky, weather conditions, and the maMer of appearance
or diSappearance. If an element is miSsing and there iS an indication that the sighting may be of a
security, scientific, technical, or public interest value, the Project Blue Book Office conducts an
additional investigation and every attempt is made to obtain the information necessary for identifi-
cation. However, in some instances, essential information cannot be obtained, and no further action
can be taken.

The third and by far the smallest group of evaluations iS categorize:! as Unidentified. A sight-
ing is considered unidentified when a report apparently contains all pertinent ciata necessary to
suggest a valid hypothesiS concerning the cause or explanation of the report but the description of
the object or its motion cannot be correlated with any known object or phenomena.

TYPES OF UFO IDENTIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS

There are various types of UFO sightings. Most common are reports of astronomical sightings,
which include bright stars, planets, comets, fireballs, meteors, auroral streamers, and other celes-
tial bodies. When observed through haze, light fog, moving clouds, or other obscurations or unusual
conditions, the planets, includi.'lg Venus, Jupiter, and Mars have been reported as unidentified flying
objects. Stellar mirages are also a source of reports.

Satellites are another major source of UFO reports. An increase in satellites reported as UFOS
has come about because of two factors. The first is the increase of interest on the part of the public;
the second is the increasing number of satellites in the skies. Positive knowledge of the location of all
satellites at all times enables rapid identification of satellite sightings. Keeping track of man-made
objects in orbit about the earth iS the responsibility of the North American Air Defense Comm•nd
Space Detection and Tracking System. This .sophisticated electronic system gathers complex space
traffic data instantly from tracking stations all over the world.

Other space surveillance activities include the use of balliStic tracking and large telescopic cam-
eras. ECHO schedules are prepared by theNASAGoddardSpace Fllght Center at Greenbelt, Maryland,
and schedules of the South/North equator crossings are prepared by the Smithsonian Institutlon at
Cambridge, Massachusetts. From the data produced by these agencies, satellites mistakenly reported
as UFOs can be quickly identified. Some of these are visible to the naked eye.

Aircraft account for another major source of UFO reports, particularly during adverse weather
conditions. When observed at blgh altitudes and at some diStance, aircraft can have appearances rang-
ing from diSc to rocket shapes due to the reflection of the sun on their bright surfaces. Vapor or con-
densation trails from jet aircraft will sometimes appear to glow fiery red or orange when reflecting
• sunlight. Afterburners from jet aircraftareoftenreportedas UFOs since they can be seen from great
distances when the aircraft caMot be seen.

The Project Blue Book Office has direct contact with all elements of the Air Force and the Fed-
eral Aviation Agency civil air control centers. All aerial refueling operations and special training
flights can be checked immediately. Air traffic of commercial airlines and flights of military aircraft
are checked with the nearest control center, enabling an immediate evaluation of aircraft miStakenly
reported as UFOs. However, since many local flights are not carried, these flights are probable causes
of some reports.
2
 Balloons continUe to be reported as UFOs. Several tbousand balloons are released each day from
military and civillan airports, weather stations, and research activities. There are several types of
balloons - weatber balloons, rawinsondes, radiosondes, and the large research balloons which have
diameters up to 300 feet. At night, balloons carry running lights which cause an unusual appearance
when observed. Refieetlon of the sun on balloons at dawn and sunset sometimes produce strange ef-
fects. This usually occurs when the balloon, because of its altitudes, is exposed to the sun. Large bal-
loons can move at speeds of over 100 miles per hour when moving in high altitude jet windstreams.
These balloons sometimes appear to be nattened on top. At other times, they appear to be saucer-
Shaped and to have lights mounted inSide the bag itself due to the sun's rays renecting through the
• material of the balloon. The Balloon Control Center at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, main-
tainS a plot on all Military Upper Air Research Balloons.

Another category of UFO evaluations labeled Other includes missiles, reflections, mirages,
searchlights, birds, kites, spurious radar indicatiOns, hoaxes, fireworkS, and nares.
Aircraft, sateWtes, balloons, and the like should NOT be reported since they do not fall within
the definition of an unidentified fiying object.

I
1

3
 CONCLUSIONS

To elate, the firm conclusions of Project Blue Book are: (1) no unidentified flying object reported,
investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national
security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings
categorized as unidentified represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of
present clay scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence indicating that sightings categor-
Ized as unidentified are extraterrestrial vehicles.

The Air Force will continue to investigate all reports of unusual aerial phenomena over the United
States. The services of qualified scientists and technicians will continue to be used to investigate and
analyze these reports, and periodic reports on the subject will be made.

The former Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Mr. Carl Vinson, recently com-
mented on the conduct of the UFO program by the Air Foree and stated that Congressional hearings
on this subject are unnecessary.

The Air Foree does not deny the possiblllty that some form of life may exist on other planets in
the universe. However, to da1e, the Air Foree has neither received nor discovered any evidence which
proves the existence and intra-space moblllty of extraterrestrial life. The Air Foree continues to ex-
tend an open invitation to anyone who feels that he possesses any evidence of extraterrestrial vehicles
operating within the earth's near space envelope to submit his evidence for analysis. Initial contact
for this purpose Is through the following address:

PROJECT BLUE BOOK INFORMATION OFnCE

SAFOI
WASHINGTON, 0 C 20330

Anyone observing what he considers to be an unidentified flying object should report It to the
nearest Air Force Base. Persons submitting a UFO report to the Air Foree are free to discuss any
aspect of the report with anyone. The Air Foree does not seek to limit discussion on such reports and
does not withhold or censor any iniormatlon pertaining to this unclassified program .

4
 NON AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS

The following Items are for internlll use only and are not available for
distribution to the public. These concern internlll management and procedures
for forwarding UFO reports to the appropriate agency:

1. Air Force Regulation 200-2

2. JAN~ 146

The Air Force has no films, photographs, maps, chartS, or graphs of un-
Identified flying objects. Photographs that have been submitted for evaluation
in conjunction with UFO reports have been determined to be a misinterpreta-
tion of natural or conventional objects •. These objects have a positive identifi-
cation.

The Air Force no longer possesses, and thwl does not have for distribu-
tion, outdated reports on Project Sign, Project Grudge, Blue Book Special
Report No. 14, and outdated Project Blue Book press releases. Non-mUltary
UFO publications should be requested from the publisher, not the Air Force •

..

5
 SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

Books listed below deal with facts and theories about our solar universe, the sun, planets, comets,
meteorites, the universe, stars, constellations and galaxies; telescopes, the computation of time as
it relates to astronomy, star maps and charts, and the history of astronomy.

SKY & TELESCOPE, by Sky PublishlngCorporation,HarvardCoUege Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

02138. Monthly Magazine, 60 cents per copy.

WEATHER ELEMENTS, by BLAIR, published Prentice Hall. Has an excellent chapter on often mis-
identified weather phenomena.

PLANETS, STARS. AND SP.>.CE, by CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH M. & NICHOLSON, THOMAS D. An

illustrated, non-technical explanation o! the earth, planets, stars, and the universe. Prepared in co-
operation with the American Museum o! Natural History.

JUNIOR SCIENCE BOOK OF STARS, by CROSBY, PHOEBE. An easy-to-read, exciting story of what
scientists lcnow about the stars, planets, the moon, and the MILKY WAY.

CHALLENGE OF THE UNIVERSE, by HYNEK, J. ALLEN & ANDERSON, NORMAN. Discusses the
nature of the universe; astronomy and cosmology, published by Scholastic Press.

·THE STORY OF THE STARS, by MALONEY, TERRY. An introduction to the universe; our solar sys-
tem, our galaxy, and other galaxies. Many interestillgillustrated analogies help build concepts of size
and distance. Includes references to the Van Allen radiation belts and zodiacal light observation o!
1960.

THE WORLD OF FLYING SAUCERS, by MENZEL & BOYD. A scientific examination o! the classic
UFO reports.

THE MOON. METEORITES ..>.NDCOMETS,Dtd1963,byMIDDLEHURST & KUIPER. Continuous analy-

sis of Soviet moon photos. Chapter on Siberian meteorite and photos or comets computation of vari-
ous comet orbital photos.

THE NATURE OF LIGHT AND COLOR IN THE OPEN AIR, by MINNAERT, Dover Publications. This
is an excellent paperback written in Wlderstandable lay language.

METEORS, by OLIVIER. Standard te:ct by foremost authority on meteors.

PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF MARS, 1905-1961, by SLIPHER, E. C., published by Lowell Observa-

• tory.

Al'IATO:\!Y OF A PHENO:-o!ENON, by VALLE, JACQUES .

•
FIRST MAN TO THE :0.100:\, by VON BRAUN, WERNHER.

6
 Fact Sheet
United States Air Force
Secretory ot tl'le Air Force. O!lice ot Public Anoirs, wosl'linoton. D.C. 20330

INFORMATION Of' IJFOs

Thank you for your request for information on the Air Force's
investigation of unidentified flying objects, or UFO's.
The Air Force investigation of UFO's began in 1948 and was
known as Project Sign. Later the name was changed to Project
Grudge, and in 1953, it became Project Blue Book. Between 1948
and 1969 we investigated 12,618 reported sightings.
Of these sightings, 11,917 were found to have been caused by
material objects (such as balloons, satellites, and aircraft),
immaterial objects (such as lightning, reflections, and other
natural phenomena), astronomical objects (such as stars, planets,
the sun, and the moonl, weather conditions, and hoaxes. As
indicated, only 701 reported sightings remain unexplained.
On December 17, 1969, the Secretary of the Air Force
announced the termination of Project Blue Book. The decision to
discontinue UFO investigations was based on an evaluation of a
report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled,
wscientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;•·a review of the
University of Colorado's report by the National Academy of
Sciencesr past UFO studies; and the Air Force's two decades of
experience investigating UFO reports.
-
As a result of these investigations, studies, and experience,
the conclusions of Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported,
investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any
indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has been
no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that
sightings categorized as wunidentifiedw represent technological
developments or principles beyond the range of present day
scientific knowledge; and (3J there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as •unidentified• are
• extraterrestrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force
regulation establishing and controlling the program for
investigating and analyzing UFOs was .rescinded. All documentation
regarding the former Blue Book investigation was permanently
transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and
Record Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC 20408,
and is available for public review and analysis.
 In 1977, President Carter asked the N~tion~1 Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASAl to look into the possibility of resuming
UFO investigations. After studying all the facts available, NASA
decided that nothing would be gained by further investigation. The
Air Force agrees with that decision. If, however, firm evidence is
found justifying further investigation, an appropriate agency will be
directed to undertake the effort.
There are a number of universities and
UFO,SIGBTINGS BY YEAR professional scientific organizations such
as the American Association for the
YUH TQTAL t!NID Etn'If:ILI2 Advancement of Science, which have
1947 112 12 considered UFO phenomena during periodic
1948 156 7 meetings and seminars. In addition, a list
1949 186 22 of private organizations interested in
1950 210 27 aerial phenomena may be found in Gale's
1951 169 22 Encyclopedia· of Associations. Such timely
1952 1501 303 review of the situation by private groups
1953 509 42 insures that sound evidence will not be
1954 487 46 overlooked by the scientific community.
1955 545 24
1956 670 14 For further reference material, two
1957 1006 14 documents are available from the National
1958 627 10 Technical Information Service, u.s.
1959 390 12 Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal
1960 557 14 Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
1961 591 13
1962 474 lS
1963 399 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 l6
1966 1112 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 1

TOTAL: 12,618 701

..
 AERIAL PHENMNA STUDY ORGANIZATIONS

socun roa ra nn::sncat101 or 111 nar\.UID

loa :tU ••-•• (UUIU•Utt
Llt\la lll•ar, IJ Oft]t
0ri&DIIe41 •tor tao DCIII\Iial\1 . . , II!IUII.IIIUOD U14 Chl. . lMUDa Of
toto.-..U• • .-.oorta of all UAIUh Uooa Ia U'o t\tUI of
oo.. u&r-r, aatroa•'• IHlDIJ, •aolDIJ ua .,.,aro,.loiJ, taat aro
Dot roaiiiUJ aiDl&looc,• ......,..,•• tlall _,., uc oa-\ae-a"IL
la•oauauho IIIJ' orr.raac aD'IUD .,., orraauoa OM\&ota tor -••r•
WIMI .... ,laaalDI thlC trl . . aM oa ...CUI.,.o. fhU -rtl Ulll
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··~··~·
 . • • •
·~~­
~ . ~ FactSheet
: ~.:
.......
.,
United States Air Force-
Secretary of the Air Force, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, D.C. 2033Q-1000

87-34
Unidentified Flying Objects.
'
History • There has been no evidence indicating that
aighlings categorized as "unidentified" are
The Air Force began investigating UFOs in 1948 under extraterrestrial vehicles.
a program called Project Sign. Later the prOgram's name Between 1948 and 1969 the Air Force investigated
. was changed to Project Grudge, and in 1953 it became 12,618 reported UFO sightings. Of these, 11,917 were
known as Project Blue Book. On Dec. 17, 1969, the tound to have been caused by material objects such
secretary of the Air Force announced the termination as balloons. satellites, and aircraft: immaterial objects
of Project Blue Book. such as lightning, reflections, and other natural
The decision m discontinue UFO investigations was phenomena; astronomical objects such as stars. planets,
based on a number cl factols. including reports and studies the sun, and the moon; weather conditions; and hoaxes.
by the University of Colorado and the National Academy Only 701 reponed sightings remain unexplained.
c1 ScieiiC8S. as weU as past UFOatudlesand the Air Force's
two decades cl experiet ICII inYestigating UFO reports. More Information Available
As a result of these investigations, studies, and
lrienc:e. the conclusions cl Project Blue Book were: All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
No UFO reported, investigated and evaluated by investigation was permanently transferred to the Modem
the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat Military Reference Branch, National Archives and
to our national security. Records Administration, 8th and Pennsylvania Ave1
• There has been no evidence submitted to or Washington, D.C. 20408, and is available for public
discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized review. A list of private organizations interested in aerial
as "unidentified" represent technological developments phenomena can be found in Gale's Encyclopedia of
or principles beyond the range of present-day scientific Associations, available in the reference section of most
knowledge. libraries.

Local Reproduction Authorized October 1987

IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 17, 1969 NO. 1077-69
OXford 7-5131 (Info.)
OXford 7-3189 (Copies)

AIR FORCE TO TERMINATE ·-··

.-;.
PROJECT ''BLUE BOOK'' ~

Secretary of th~ Air Force Robert C. Seamans, Jr., announced

today the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force program
for the investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs).

In a memorandum to Air Force Chief of Staff General John D. Ryan,

Secretary Seamans stated that ''the continuation of Project Blue Book
cannot be justified either on the ground of national security or in
the inteiest of science,'' and concluded that the project does not merit
future expenditures of resources.

The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on:

- An evaluation of a report prepared by the University of

~rado entitled, "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects."

- A review of the University of Colorado's report by the

National Academy of Sciences. ti
- Past UFO studies.

- Air Force experience investigating UFO reports during the past

two decades.

Under the direction of Dr. Edward U, Condon, the University of

Colorado completed an 18-month contracted study of UFOs and its report
was released to the public in January, 1969. The report concluded that
little if anything has come from the study of UFOs in the.past 21 years
that has added to scientific knowledge, and that further ~xtensive
study of UFO sightings is not justified in the expectation that science
will be advanced.

T-he- University of Colorado report also states that, "It seems that
only so much attention to the subject (UFOs) should be give as the
Department of Defense deems to be necessary strictly from a defense point
of view ..•. It is our impression that the defense function could be
performed within the framework established for intelligence and sur-
~eillance operations without the continuance of a special unit such as'
·ect Blue Book, but this is a question for defense specialists rather
.1 research scientists."

A panel of the National Academy of Sciences made an independent

assessment of the scope, methodology, and findings of the University of

MORE
 -2- i
i
I
I
Colorado study. The panel concurred in the University of Colorado's
recommendation that "no high priority in UFO investigations is
Ii·.
warranted by data of the past two decades.'' It concluded by stating I
that, "On the basis of present knowledge, the least likely explanation I.
of UFOs is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitations b~ 1..
., intelligent !;
beings."

Past UFO studies include one conducted by a Scientific Advisory

Panel of UFOs in January, 1953 (Robertson Panel); and, a review of
Project Blue Book by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc
Committee, February-March, 1966 (Dr. Brian O'Brien, Chairman). These
..r'.
'·:_..
studies concluded that no evidence has been found.that any of the UFO . .
reports reflect a threat to our national security. 11.:.. '
1-
As a result of investigating UFO reports since 1948, the i.>
conclusions of Project Blue Book are: (1) no UFO reported, investi- 1 ·
gated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication
of threat to our national security; (2) there has been no evidence
submitted or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized (<.·
"unidentified" represent technological developments or principles
Jnd the range of present-day scientific knowledge; and (3) there
has been no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as ''unidenti-
fied" are extraterrestrial vehicles.
,::
Project Blue Book ·records will be retired to th-:e' USAF Archives,
Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Requests for information will
continue to be handled by the Secretary of the Air Force, Office of i
Information (SAFOI), Washington, D.C. 20330.
I
END I
i ·.
'

•
 (1) Give your name and address.

(2) Where were you when you saw the meteor? (If the town Is small please give county as well.)

(3) Give the date, hour and minute when the meteor appeared; also kind of time used.

(4) In what direction did It appear (or in what direction was It first seen)? This Is not asking In what
· direction it was going I

(5) In what direction did It disappear (or In what direction was it last seen)? For questions 4 and 5,
simply N, E, S, or W ls not accurate enough, unless these were the exact directions. If compass
Is used, state it; also if magnetic correction has been applied to compass reading.

(6) At what height did it appear? (Use degrees in answering.)

(7) At what height did it disappear? (Use d~grees in. answering.)

(8) Did it pass directly overhead (I.e., through the zenith)?

(9) If not, to which side of the zenith did it go, and how far from it? (Use degrees in answering.)

(1 0) Did It appear to reach the horizon? What sort of a horizon have you?

(11) What angle did the path of the meteor make with the horizon and in which direction was it then
going?

(12) If you are familiar with constellations describe the path of the meteor through the sky with
reference to stars.

(13) Did the meteor appear to explode?

(14) What was the duration of Its flight In seconds?

(15) Desc;-ibe the train if one was left. If it lasted long enough to show drift, most carefully tell in
what direction train drifted. Give sketch, if possible, showing this with regard to horizon.

(16) What was the duration of the train in seconds?

(17) Did you bear any sound? How long after seeing the meteor was it before you heard this
sound?

Did you hear an actual explosion? How long after seeing the explosion was it before you beard It?
' (18) Of what color was the meteor?

(19) What was the size of th• meteor? (Compare it with the Moon or with a pl:JJ1et or star.)

(20) Was more than one body seen before the explosion (If any)?

(21) What was condition of sky at time?

(22) Give names a:~d addresses of others who saw the meteor.

(23) Please m:til this reply to

Charles P. Oliver
AMERICAN METEOR SOCIETY
521 N. Wynnewood Ave
Narberth, Pennsylvania 19072
 / ·-- .. \

NMCC
.-
THE NATIONAL MIUTARY-CQMMAND CENTER
· WASHINGTON. D.C. 20301
I

TH~ JOINT STAll'~ 29 October 1975

0605 EST,

~l.El>lOR.'llliDU!-1 FOR RECORD

Subject: AFB Penetration

1. At 290200 EST AFOC informed m-ICC that an unidentified

helicopter, possibly. two, had been sighted ·flying low over
. AFB ~ine, in pro~ty
·Loring . . .
to. a 'l. ~eapons storage area.

2. An Army National Guard helo was ·called in to assist in

. locating the unidentified helo (s).

· 3. · NORAD _.,.,as info=ed of! the inci.dent by SAC, requested and

rec:ie:ved authority .. from Canadian offi~ials to proceed into
Canadian airspace if necessary to locate the.intruder.

4. At 0404. SAC Command Center infc;>~med Ni·ICC that the a=y helo
assisting on the scene had not sighted the unidentified helo(s).

5. A similar incident was reported'at Loring the evening of

~~~i~~~:~~~~~~~r
Operations (NMCC)
USHC fm
~
Distribution: ·~

r·~
• CJCS (5) CSA PA REP
DJS (3) CNO · WEST HEH DESK
J-30 CSAF NWSB
J-31 . CMC NMCC BRIEFER
J-32 CH, l•ll·lMCCS CPS & EVAL DIV
J-32A DDO (NMCC)
J-33 ADDO (NHCC)

~
J-34 eeoc (NMCCl
J-35 '
!
DIA REP FOR NNIC
J-38 ! NSA REP
CIA REP
~~1
:::

~':·.

-·-·---·········--·-··.......······------___..__-::u...-------·-·····--····-- ::·
-~~:~-::-~_;_:;_;_:_:_:_:g;~~;.;;;~~:.:_:_:_:_:_:;;;;;;;;:::::::·.·_;.:_:;.:#"~~~:;.:::~::~~~~::;~~~::~::~g~:·:·:;;;;~:~::~~~t~I~~~~~~#E~.;;=::;~~:~f~t~~::~~~~~:;t;=t:~:~.:-~~mu¥.m~~~Ji;;i;;;;::::~i:=::I~~~~~-:-~~i:~~~~~¥Hff::~:Tfff.~~~~~;:~ff%~~~-~~;.
i
 .
DDO U?!JJ:.TS ;..s 0? 290t;OO
--
0 ,.....,... ~-.

. ~

;.·
;/I .~. 29C200 E51' Oct 75, frorr,
:..,o:·;.nc;;
}."f~, !·:~ :.n:;:.cc-:.:.::~ t:..-iat c.·ne: u!;ide:;l-:i::i-=:·\.~ :~::~i~c;.ter, ;:c-.=:~.:.::-.:y
~:o hc~icopters, had cenet!·ated Lo:inc AFE fro~ C~nb~~a~ te=~itc=·:
.·:ir-.:: one h.::l:icc,?7er J~ndi:-~? briefly i; p!·c:-:ii!":ity to a \-.~r:cpcns stoZ.a~e
-yea
:,:._ -·
·~-c-~~s
J ~..'"!'-"~ ~o loca~a a~ 'c-~n~~=v
I,.. \..- - ,._.~
..:..
~he :~~,-\,~i~a hell"co-~e-s ~.
.... - - ..: .... ;.. •• .__ ...... _ ..... - - ::-''- - .... :

~:i .l..rrr;y !·:atior1cJ Gi.H::l·C helico";Jter \-:ere: unsucccs!:iul. Siqhtincs a:

~~e ·--1·~--~l-.l.·e~
~.~ ~-- ._c::,:._- hQ,ir~~~~-
._ :. ____ 1 s-) ·~c-e ,~Tr·l·~ea·
,_.:"';..~-\ '-
v~·• ~(')
\. -'- --1.-- ~,~--a·s-
sa-u~~~v
-~:. .... r.• _...-~

~:ir:-.i.lc=:.= incj6e~7 \·.~i-t1:. a sinc;:le heliccpter occu:..·red d·t.!ring -:he: ea:-ly

mo::-:1c'.ng of 28 Oct 75. Permission has been g::anted by CanaC:iar.
a~thc::-ities to give pursuit into Canadian airsp_ace if s;::bseguent
coDtact is effectec by U.S. helicopters .

•
 ~

==
~~~
e
[;:=§
E'
E.=~
r:=
f¥.~
~

;.S OF 291.300 EST OCT 75 ~~f

~~

l/J ;..t aoorc~:i.r..atelv 29010t' EST Oct 75, one u~icientEiec heli- ~~&t
co?ter \·:~s sighted 3oo to 500 meters from the v.'eapons storage
area at Loring J..EB, .r-:aine.· The helicopter v;as at an altitude r:::
of 150 feet and penetrated Loring ~~E. An attempt to contact ~
and identify the intruding helicopter ~as made by an Army f?E'
?:~
National Guard helo, and was unsuccessful. At 290300 EST the r:~-7
t-.::::
helicopter was sighted over the weapons storage area and the ~
~---·.·.·.·
hrmy ·l>ational Guard helicopter again responded to make contact
bt;.t \,•as unsuccesful. Loring has coordinated with the Maine
State Police and the Royal Canadian 1-lounted Police and plans to
p~rsue into Canada, if necessary, if there is a reoccurrence.
(SOURCE: 42 Bv1 OP LORING AFB 29ll40Z OCT 75).)
 t:~:.-:·····

··=
::-=:--=
=-
f::.
=

r;~
f!:T:.~·
AS 0? 292200 ~ST OC~ 75
~;;:d~

[~~0;
t.,6) At a??roxi~ately 290100 EST Oct 75, one uniCentified helico:::ter
·.:as sis!;ted 300 to 500 meters fro:-:: the ''eapo::s sto:::-age area at ·
:=_.o~in; ~.!'E, !':ainea The helicopter was at an altitude of 150 feet
~~~~
a!lC penet::.·ated Lo~ing AFB. ~-, attem?t to contact anC identify the =
~==
intrudinc helico:::>ter was made bv a:l .F.rr.w National Guard helo, and
...:as unsu~cessful: At 290300 EST the heiicopter -..•as sighted over
E:"·
j- -
the. -..•eapons storage area and t.'le A=·Y National Guard helicopter iff:-;_:;;:

~~i
again respo:~ded to make contact but vas unsuccessful. The CSAF
(Ops Div} has requested that the Army NG helo be provided until
300800 EST under the following conditions: To track and identify :.-=:.:

i~ii
the intruder; no apprehension to take place; the Canadian Border
;.;ould not be crossed; and civilian police on board \dll be for
co~~o with ground units only. The request is unde:::- consideration
by HG Snifin, DA Directo:::- of Operations, DCSOPS. Col Bailey, ~:il ::::-:;:.·.·

/!
__
to Special Asst to SECD:CF/CEPSECDEF has been advised c:Jf tr.e
.:tion should Do:> <1pprovcl be requil·ed. The State Departnent
f~~
=an~dia~ Desk C!ficcr has been ke?t in£c=rnet. (SOURCE: ~2 EW CP
i,C(t:Ii~G l\.TB 291140Z OCT 75; SAC C? OPS C0!\'!'?.0L 29l95~Z OCT 75)
·--·-
:.·.·-=~

~~
~'-"
~·::·:::_

r::.-..:.·.·

·~
•
::::::.

~~~~

ffgJ
.....
·.~:
 I
I •.

ODD UPDATE AS OF 300600 EST OCT

l#J .2>,'= zppz-o>:i::-.ately 290100 EST Oct 75, an unicen-::ified helic~·pter

was sichted at an altitude of 150 feet at approximately 300 to 500
r.,ete!"s-fro:n a -.-:~apon~ storage area at Loring h.FB, HE. At 290300 EST
O::'t 7 5, the ·1.1r.ic.ienti fied helico:::ter ·v:as siqhted over the \oiea::Jo~s
storase a::ea. In both instances, an .i>.::1:1y !~a tional Guar>:: (NGi heli-
cop-:er res;;o:-1':}cC, bu-:. \-:as unable to contact or identify ~he i:~-:rude:r.
!·lG Sniff in, Dh Di~·ector for Ops, DCSO:?S, approvec tr;e £ ::>llo,·:i~::;
p1·oced:;n.~s for any similar incident effective until 300500 EST
Oct 75:

- NG helicopter and crew placed in "full time training duty"

(FT70) .

NG he:licopter mat enter Canadian air space \d th consent of

Canadian authorities.

- NG helicopter emplo~~ent lirr.ited to tracking and identification.

- Only C.S. military personnel and if considered necessary

repre_:.cn~etives £rorr, the :'SI, FF_!:.., and Borcier Pat~ol \·till :,e

(SOURCE:
errJ:iar~~ec in the NG helicopte::.

42 B\-1 CP LO:K!NG A:B 291HOZ OCT 75;

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:-;~·:~':! ·. U!~ -~~AX;., L!U:~tH:!:tl. AND VECTORED. TO. TH!: .A~:!Ae U~SE1 Dl~='P!I
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1 ~~ 29~~~07 A si~~!!NG ~AS HAUE OF A hEL::O~!E~ ~h T~! SA~!
~ Z~SATIO~ AS T~E siG~TIN& LAST NIGHT.
l: ·,:PEFI OPREP•J PtNNAC!.E JJU;33' VISUAL CO,.ht'T .. AS ftAC~ J;1 ~C e;:a
f ~lT!RS FRr~ T~E WEAPONS STORAGE AREA AT Ah AL~~~~D£ Of !e1F~.
~.· ~1 ~~~fl17 AIR GuARD HELICCPTE~ -
2~~71~ WAS LAUNcHED euT t'ADE .~EGATIVE VlS~AL LQhTAtT. '"~ ~!~%
' ;:.l5 VISUALLY siGHTED BY C~C AT 29t'IBI!I!Z OV!:R Tj;f. 101:.APC~S ~!CIA;l
• ~~z LOCAL Gt•AFID HELICOPTER MAS AlRBCRN AT 2S2~31Z ~UT A~Al- "1C1

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 IIUSACE CENTER
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I ~CI tO~TACTo T.. E UNKNO~~:·.~~-~~RAFTI DI~· NOT DISF~AY
Ll,GHTINii.
C~OU~D PE~Sn~NEL WERE A1LE TO DIRECT THE AIR ~UARD HELICCPTER TC ':"'-:~::::.

U%T~IN tC~QFT 0? THE UNKNOWN A!RCRAFT, HITH B~TH HELICO?TERS I~ E:::E:.

::=...-::.:
:!~HT, n~T VtSU~L AC0UI3!T!ON §::J
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~ll ~C7 ~~D!. Du~lNG 7HIJ P!~!OD A XC-13~ ~~~ C~3Ii!NG A7 SJJ~'1 ~-~~
~J~ TO ~lD t~ !~2;lTl~I~ATION A~O TO ACT A~ R~~lU ~£LAY.
AT ~~O~~~l ALL toNTACY "AS LOST •
.• %T %9 r.u.:l C;>yN!fl~J THAT THE UH~tNOiiN HELICOPTER HAS DEMO~jSTAATED
~~~
A t~fA~ lhT~hT'!n T~E WEAPONS sTO~AGE AREA, I~ SMART AND A "05T
e:PaDL£ AvlatcR. . . - . · · · ·
Le:~L S~CuRITY HAS BEEN l~CREasED. ~E ANTIClPAT~ FURTHER !NCIDE~
. ~!:t~tt~~LT, ~!·~ILL REQUEST THE CONTINUED P~~SEht~ CF AIR GUARD
ti:l.~tC~TEAS.; ·· · .
t! PLAM•TO PURSUE INTO CAhADA IF NECESSARY. .
t:t M!.Vi! tcC;:~.,:rNn!D NIT .. ~.UN! !TATE POLICE AhD THE ROYAL.CAHADl
i . ~~U~T~O PC~JC!~AND HAVE BEEN. ASSURED OF T.. •E C~"~LETE COOPERATlD~
! . . . . ,., . . . !.l : . . .
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~:e.P.?. WlLL R~sPCND TO ANY LANDING SITE IN ~ANADlAN TERRITORY.
1 ·. t;:C:L, SZCtJ~!TY PCl.lC~ ASCARD AIR GUARD HELICCI"TI:.R hAVE 'eiEN' .: ·
.... : C;>:!~£0 70 US! DIStRETIOh AND AtoiAU '·- _:: .· :. · .· ; - ·. i.,
' :2: t"';t·~f.I~P"e' ARPIVAL PQR ANY APPREHENSION IN CAN.a~lf!N ;"f.ERRl .
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 THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER ,_ ..,..
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20301

30 october 1.975.
0445 EST

!-lEHORANDUM FOR RECORD

Subject: Army National Guard Helicopter Support for
Loring AFB

l. At 292035 EST Oct 75, LTC Dyer, Office of the Director

of Operations, USAF, requested that the Army National Guard
(NG) helicopter and ~ew currently located at Loring AFB,
Maine, be made available to the Commander of the 42nd Bomb
Wing until 300800 EST Oct 75. The NG helicopter would be
employed to .track and identify the unidentified helicopter
that has violated the airspace inthe vicinity of the.weapons
. stor.age area at Loring ~B during thef early morning hours
·of 28 .and 29 Oct 75 • . LTC Dyer stated that .international
borders would .not be\crossed, and. that apprehensions would
not be attempted by personnel embarked in the NG helicooter.
Any civil police on board the aircraft would participate ·
only to·the extent of communicating with appropriate police
officials on the ground, \vith the latter singularly responsible
I:o.r the app.rehtms.i.on of the suspect aircraft ·or crew.

2. This request \-ras relayed to NG Sniffin, DA Director of

Operations, DCSOPS, at 292100 EST. 1-lG Snif'fin indicated .
his intent to check with Ar.rny legal. officials on t?e matter
prior to making a decision. · ·
3. The SAC Command Post was informed at 292050 EST of the
request by LTC Dyer, and the fact that MG Sniffin was
checking ~:ith Ar.rny legal authorities. Col Freeman, AF
Operations Center, \vas also informed of the status.
4. Col Bailey, Mil Asst to the Special Asst to SECDEF/
DEPSECDEF, has been advised of the helicopter request should
DOD approval be r.equired •
• s. The State Department Canadian Desk Officer has been
kept informed of the situation.
'.1 • l

d. Only u.s. personnel, preferably military, but. including·-·

FBI, FAA, and Border Patrol representatives if necessary,
will be on board the NG helicopter.
7. l·lG Sniffin \vill initiate appropriate action to pla1=e the
Army NG helicopter and era·..; on "Full Time Training Duty''
(FTTD). In essence~ the NG hel1copter will be federalized.
8. OSD, through Col Bailey, has been advised of the approval
and constraints in this situation and has stated OSD has no
objections to the action.
9. At 292249 EST the DDO (NMCC) established a conference call
with SAC (MG Burkhart), AFOC, AOC, and Commander 42nd Bomb
tUng, Loring· AFB info:cming them of the approval to use the Army
NG helicopter with the constraints listed in para 6 above.
Commander 42nd Bomb tUng stated. that there was no utility in
using· the helicopter if it couldn't cross the border. Air
Force representative LTC Dyer was brought into the conference
and stated that AF had no objection to the border crossing.
At 2~~300. EST the DDO. ~NMC:C) informed MG Sniffin of the border·
-crossl.ng l.Ssue. .· .
\ . .
10. At 292325 EST MG Sniff in informed the DDO (NMCC) that ~' .· :-
approval was granted 'for ~~e MG helicopter to cross the border
with the-consent of Canadian authorities. The DDO (NMCC)
assured MG Sniffin that the Canadians were cooperating and
~"'
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-11. At 292334 EST another conference call was convened by

the DDO (~~CC) with the above conferees, (para 9) infoDming
them of ~~e authority to cross the border if necess"ary. There
were no further questions and all-conferees were satisified
with the procedures established for the employment of the NG
•
- ~_,;
~

-~
R~:
helicopter.

c!£t:6:::........c.~----....._
iI
C. D. ROBERTS, JR. • "'~~"
Brig-adier General, USHC
Deputy Director for ~
c;:;
Operations (NMCC)
Distribution: F-li
CJCS (5} CSA PA P.EP
DJS (3) CNO \-JEST HEH DESK ~;::

NWSB F.ii
·J-30 .CSAF ~--·:.-

J-31 OIC NNCC BRIEFER ::-:=

CH, \'li"lr-ICCS OPS & EVAL DIV

J-32
J-32A DDO {NMCC) .. . fW
E·

J-33 ADDO (NMCC) - t":::

::::
~-·::
':::::
J-34 eeoc CN~tcc)
~~·
J-35 DIA REP FOR NHIC •
--
~

.
DDO 71\I.;:r:?.
·--··--·
--····-·
AS 0? OlOaDO ~ST ~OV 75

r#J At 312317 EST, a visual-sic;i1ti..:g a= an unidentified object v;as

repo::-ted 4 nau ticu.l miles ncrt:h'n'est o£ Lcr ing ;.FB, Z-~aine. The
ale~t hclo at Loring was l~unched to identify the object but was
unable to ~a~~c contact. The. alert helo w~s launche~ again at 010146
EST i~ res?c:1se ·to a slo\·.' :noVi:J<; tarc;et picked up by :t.~PCON. T!"lis
fjirillii
::tic -..:as cl.so t:~at..le to ::-.~ke c~;aJtac't \·:it:, t..~e o!:.:je_c:.. (SOU?..C:E: ~
_nd s;; 010S25Z ~ov 75)

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E:SLICO?T:S?. SIG:;T!:D AT LO?.!!<G :::;,;_

<I> At 3:!.2317 EST Oct, a sighting of an unidentified object vi~ual ~~~''

v:zs =eporte~ 4 nautical miles northv.'est o.f.._ Tbe ~ori~g ..n..:~, r-~aine. ..t_·..:_ r_~- ~- :
aler't. bela at Loring , ..~as launche;:; to iCent~:y t!le obJect b:lt v.·as
unable to· i7lal:e contact. The alert helo v;as launched again at Ol Ol~ 6 )~:
:SST Nov in response to a slow mo;.Ti!'lg target picked up by R.;?CON. ~
This sor.tie \"'as also unable to make .contact with the object. (SO'J~CE:~~i'
420 Bi·l Ol0825Z NOV 75) ~

(U) A copy of.messages received regarding unidentified aircraft

E:
flying in the vicinity of air bases \·.•ill be forwarded to the
1-'•ilitary Assistant' to the SECDEF. (SOURCE: MILASST TO SECDEF).
f.it

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 N M C C ...
THE NATIONAL MIUTARY COMMAND CENTER
WASHtNc;TON. D.C. %0301
31 October l375
0451 EST
THE JOINT STA"'

Subject: Low Flying Aircraft/Helicopter Sightings at

liurtsmi th AFB, I-11.

1. The SAC· Command Post no.ti..:fied .the N~lCC of reJ?.orted low

flying aircraft/helicopter sightings at Wurtsmith AFB,
Michigan at 302342 EST.
2.· The attached OPREP-3s ;ri've .a sw:nnary of the reported
sightings.

I
.ll!@M.
/l d!!JI,._
DAVIS'
Brigadier General, USAF
Deputy Director for
Operations (NMCC) ·
Attachments
.a/s
Distribution:
J-30
J-31
'DDO(NMCC)
ADDO(NMCC)
CCOC(NMCC)
WHE!-1 DESK (Nti!CC)

:;
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I ~~~::
-:::.·.

!Htt
~:
 ( Url\d'-5 Kt:J'UKI I ··-;;--.-
LOG ~UP #__1_-G__ . ~
..·
1enti.fied neli:c~pter Intrusion
n;.TEIT mE or= EVEiiT.: Jl
30/2255E O::t 1975 1 ~-
L~ ,TION: Tlf'IE REPORTED TO AFOC: ,•.
__t·-~u_·r_t_s_~_.~_-t_h_-_._AF __________________________~---3-0_/_2_3_2_7_E__o_c_t~l-9_7_s______
__B_,__MI •===
4
SAC (Lt Col~Giordano) reports that an unidentified helicopter
===
§_:;_i!·
!7.
'lr~.i,th no lights ca.r.te up over the back gate of l·:urtsmich and c::::
hovered over the Ueapons Storage Area and then lliOVed on.· ~~---···
c::::
---P~~ncoN had i t painted for a short period. A tanker a~ 2100 feet
had visual and skin paint out over Lake. P.uron for about 20 miles
heading SE. Tan.~er reports he th:i.nl-.s he sa,.,. a second skin· paint.
The tanker lost all contact about 35 Diles SE of th~ base over
r~~
=~:
the la.l,:e. Tanker is still flying tzying- to locate by means of "' ~--:~
telephonic search 'lrrith FJ!..A and RAPCON. Increased. sec=ity
..
.·I
·initiated at t~urtsmth. -. ~

3l/0030E Updat~: Lt Col G.i.c;~rdano (SAC Senior Controller} updates

and corrects the above .info=tion as follo•:rs: .ll.n unidentified
lot,-t fl.ying aircraft came up over the back gate of Wu:rtsmith and'
'lr:as visually sighted in the vicinity of the motor pool. ·wcON e::~.::
showed several aircraft at the time, one near the l·:SJI. (t.~ere was =
no hovering as previously reported) • A· tanker l-i'as dispatched and .
i:::··-;
· had visual· and skin paint out over Lake 'P.uron of a 1o·.r flying
•.rc:raft (with liahts. on) heading SE at app:ro>:ii!'.ately 150 knots.
jj
~ker :reports that :he aircraft ap~eared to be joined by another -ji
... l.rcraft ('lrtith its lights en also).- Tanker reports that both
aircraft then turned out their lights si~ultaneously, as if on
signal. Tanker lost all contact app=xll=tely 35 >"M SE of the
base. Upon info=ation that the .Dept of Natural Resources sends'
out aircraft searching for hunters spotting dear, the Dept of
r '

l<a tural Resources l·:as contacted; bo\-1ever, they rs.intaj-n none of _ __

their aircraft ,.;ere in the area at the time. , r;~:.~~{~
····· · :- • ,._ 1~ .... ~- ~·~ ,... ··· "..J' -
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q ._J l.l!! l! ZN Zl
3! cc;t:':lZ o:r 75
· 5 7~8:.J C 0 1.'\.!."!T$-!!il-1 ~! I JJ CO 65
: 7 [··: /S :.c C? ~FO ~CE ST ~ T_ US
:'I/ s:. C C"' LOG IS T::; CS
:•!! E.!F' C? l":l~C~ ST.t TUS
:..':/.. e:. f" ·C 0 L OGIS TICS
J EF J;C A/CS AF
J::;u..U./USAF F\10 O?S OIV FT qrrcHIE ·tm •
T
~:CLl.SS::::="!!O JO?RE"' JZFFY OC"ES/!""FiJ340/·I~/~!=':.:!::::0-1.. 9EEL!NE fl6-C2l-Ol
i IJ3~5Z CSC AOVIS::!J C~'>.Tr!Ai' THE SECU,.ITY SU~O AT oAcl<"GATE
"C'T TE :l t.~! U NI DE NT_ IF' I~ 0 t.! o;oc i?.: fT. !"" L "r:HH; LC :.1 OV E'=! i HE SASE AT
::>::>::.OX 0 !ZOZ. !!':ITI~L ~ EP C~ T T:: C? SA IO il-IA T r.:::
'=!CRAfT II AS A LS 0
~ s:: I?V ~C! IN 'l"HE ~'! CI N!TY 0 ~.~I.'S A HC W~VER• Lt. T £Q !?EQO;! TS SAID TIH.!'
.;:<:~:=?A!""T C3SER\'E!: !-!t.'Y HAV:: ~E::N A KC-135 IN !l-!E LOCAL T'=!AFFIC
'!.TTE.C?!I!. t.T 033CZ "l<C-135 SAID TI-'.AT THEY ·HAO. SKIN ?AINTEO ON
1:.a:.?. '!." A!~C~AF·T- S ·112 MIU:S NE" OF SASE SU'l" CC!JL!:! NOT S=>OT.
:HE AIC?::q:.F':' V_ISU:.LL Y. AT A OP,ROX a3SCZ THE KC-135 °ICl<EO u? THE
J:"-;:LQENT::=-!£0 :.rRC!'.t.FT NE OF ·r..te:· oASE AT A."'P;:!OX ~20/Z l ON I. V!SUAL
~~':iE oz !tUCS~!J ZOS8 UNCL/.S\ ,
5Ir ·-::t:..-;_ Y.C-l3S SAID H~ S~ t.1 Tl/0 ~:?.CI?t.FT IN A TRAit FORHATJON·
GO. -A 0 ?::lOX rs:; KIAS HE:AOI~;G SOUTH. !<C-135 SAID fl:: LOST co::T:.CT
~,'!T~ T!4E 1:C;?~AT!C~~ AT 0413! ;:!TH THE 'U'l·:·~NTIF"I~O FORXAT!ON CN
THE I<OSC 1 !S 135 Y.C-135 T::l:. CV. ED TH:: ! IRCR A~T SOUTH TO-T HE ~ICH.
T !-! !..'~ 3. ARE A M-:!:1 31. C'< ~~OR T!-1 T C THE g A SE :. ::Z A
E.: CH T I I'! E TI-lE Y.C -1 35 L CST VI SJ AL SIS I-I l!I NG. KC -1 35 L 1-'1 DE 0 \IH EN
FU£L A"I?OACHEO OI :-ti~I!-!U!o<S. !~V::sTIGATICNS !~~ 0 P.O 5R ES S· R EP C~ TS . i~;;;::::::
10 F"CLLC'.: ~S INFO IS OBTAINED :::::

3T ( .... -:=:
. Jf't
OTCUZ'I'l!l.l :::!UCSHIJZ068 30<oOSto9 0034-UUUU 3 or; 00 48 • "'·'~
F.~---

1
 --·
DDO UPDATE

~S 0? 31Q50C ~ST OCT 1~75

I~=~~~\
....=
.~

::::::::
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=·
::::::o::
(l.i) s.~.c Senior Controller notified the ~~1'-!CC at 3023~2 EST
rr:·Jc
of u:-~iCen-:ifie6 lo·~-:-flying c.ircra.~t/helicopte=- Eightings at
\·;u=~~~ith .z..s3, !·li. One airc::-a:t \,,as visually sighted :.n the
vic:.r.:.-:y cf t.he Tiloto:- pool. RJ..PCO!\ sho·,.,ec S€:"'.~eral c:,jects en-
ref-a~ at t.be sa!7ie time. 'J.I. tanJ:e:- t-;as Cis;-~ tcheC to :.he ~=-ea in-::
c!:1tc.ineC. both visual and raC.a:- skin paint of t\<.~o aircraft.. Beth
aircraft had lights on initially bet ap?eared to turn them off
sir.;ultaneously. (SO~;RCE: OPREP-3 302327 OCT 75)

~~~~:
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···=~~·.·.·.·.-........ == =· ····· ·· ······ ···· ·· ..... ···· ·.·.·.·.·.·.~~·.-.··.-.-............=..==== ====== ··· ·:~:· ~~~-:~~!·=·:":":::·=-.:=·=-..-.. :!~~:.:l~=·:x::::.:~~~~~;-..~~:.~.:-~:.;.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::~~-=::;;_:;;;;;::;::~{::~~~~i~~~-:.:~-~~~{-}~-~~~-~~~{=~~~~:~~~f.:~~::¥{{-;T(f-;~;:;:;~~~~:;~:~:~:f}!HHHf:~~~~~~-
,
 t._
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DDO U?Di\TE --§ :::

m~-"

UFO S!G?.':'ING
__ AS 0?
_,-:__.__""""':"" ·-·· .
~-=
f:i~

;.:~·
~:·:::;::
(U) From 080253 EST Nov 75 to 080420 EST Nov 75, Halmstro;:;; l'.FB ~!T
and four SAC sites reported a series of visual a."ld radar contacts ~~~~
~~
y.·i t~ '..!:liCen-tifieC flying objects. Several repor-:.s from the so~e
loca~~c~s included jet engi~e sounds associateC ~i~~ the c~se=ved
brig~t ~ights. ~wo interce?tors scrambled from 24th NOR~D Regie~
failed to make contact wi~h the UFO's. ~~~.·
··:::::
(U) The UFO sightings occurred on an ·extremely clear night. Visibili~~~
was 45 miles. Although northern lights will cause phenomena similar K~~
to ~'-le receiveC. reports' weather services indicated no possibilitv e:':".
of northern lights during the period in question. (SOURCE: NMCC- ilif~
.HFR 080600 EST NOV 75. ;r·:~
. ~£

~~

I
 DDO U?D.~. ':'E

AS OF 032200 NOV 75

NORTE D.~_KO~A

(U) At 032115 EST a penetration of the flight line at Grand Forks ;I3
by unkno•m persons was reported by J>.?OC. At least two KC-135 aircraft
were hit by small arms fire. Security forces with dogs are tracking
the unkno1m attackers. (SOURCE: AFOC)

·:::::
·.-.·.·.·.

:~;:~;.:.~~=-~~~~~~~~;~~~=~::=:=::::;;;;;;;;;;;·ff.l0~~~~;-~~0~~~!f~=tt:=t/!fFFf!:T!.~~~~:~!H~!!~;=~~;:;~~~:k~~~:;?/i!~Ti~~%~~~r~~ETI~~E~ff~~f~T~TffffHmif~f!§i~+~{~~~~~~1~1~~~~{{{~~f~:~~~~~~~~~f~~\~~!~~I~:~~!HH!~~tE!ff!~f~~~!:
L
 -
AS OF GSHOO EST :;ov
UFO SIGP.':"ING

(U) Unknov:n sightings vicinity ~!alr:~st::-o:::: AFB, HT (See !-!FR) .

]', follo;.·-li? ;.·i th NOR:>.D at 09 04 30 EST ?rcvidcd no additional
info:.-mntion. (LTC": S!ni th i:-:.~i::::-:.::::d !1:.:: c::l~-=.:.:~~i:;.; intc:~est in
phone son '" i th DDO OT li 4 on 8 November 19 7 5) .

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 REPORT OF AIR FORCE RESEARCH
F..EGARDlNG 'i'HE
''ROSWELL INCIDENT'

~~
.................................. . . . . .r
Jw•y. i9.94
 REPORT OF AlR FORC: m:sEAR.Cli REGARDING
THE ..'!'tOSWELL INCIDENT"

The "Rosweii Inciricm" reien to an evcm tim ~oseaiy ~==in iuly, 1947. wilcn:m
:.he Army Air For=:s iAAFI all~eaiy rc:caven:ci 11 ll!lins oi a azsized ''flying liisc" n=r
R.osweil.. New Mc:xicc. In Febtuazy, 1994. the Gem:rai Accnnnring Office iGA01, acmzg
nn the~ of a New Mexico Cong~t55!''8" imxmr:ri an awiit to~ to ioca:.e
reconis of .sueD an incilicm ami to dcwuli:w: ifrccaua II¥"~ it wen: pro~ hamiieri
AlthcU¥il the GAO cffim was to look at a IIUUlilcr oi goverm:a=t qcnries the ~paz em
focus was on the Air Fore:. Sl\FI AAZ. • a.s the Ccnuzi Poim oi Coma a icr tile GAO in
this mancr. jnirincd a sysrcmanc scan:il of cwrem Air Fore: offices IS well as I1U11ICraal
arcmves ana IC:CUids ccmezs tiw migitt hciu e:x;~iain this mmcr. Reseatcil revcaicd that
the "Roswell Incidcm" was not even consiticrca a tJFO event umil the 19'n-1980 time
:':"arne. P:ior to tilat. tile incilicn was ciismnsea because tile AAF ori~v iciemmcd the
:::eons reccverca as ceuu; tn:u oi a. weamcr oa.ilcon. SubsCQUc:mry, vanous a.utilors wrote
a numoer oi booJCS ciaiminrg tr.at. not oniv "'U dc:Oris ii-cm an a.iien spa.c:C"..xt re:overcli.
~ut a.!So tne bociies or· the cr.m' s alien ocamams. These c:ia.ims comim:e to cvoive totiay

event.
-
::ci tl:: ."'..1.! Fore: :snow rouuneiv. accused of en!CI.IZinsz:
- - in a ··covcr-uo"
. of this suoooscd
. .

The res=rci1 ioc:au:d no reccrds at mmn~; Air Fore: offic:es that inciicated any ··cavcr-
uo" by tile USAF or any inciicaiion of such a. rccavcry. Cor~. e:Icrrs were
imcnsnicd by Air Fore: rese:m:ncrs at IIWUerCUS locazicus where rccards for tile period in
quesnon were storeci. The records reviewed ciid not reveai any inc:n:ase in opentions.
sccurnv, or any other a.ctivitv in July, 1947, that indica•cd any sucn umw,ai event may
hJ.ve ocame:i. Records were ioCI%:Q ami tllorouszillv - " eltlllored
.
conccminsz:- a. then-TOP
S£CP.E! ;;aliccn ~ro;ea.. ::.::s1~C: ::::::::::::-:to morutor 5·Jviet nucicr tem. known as
P··o;ea :viogw..-\dciitiona.iiv. sevcm sumv:ng pi"OJect t1ersonnei were ioc:a.tea a.na
inu:rvtewcd. as wu the oniy surviVing pcrscn wile recovere:i debris from tile onginai
-
Rosweil site in 1947. anci the ionncr officer who initiallv. icicmiiied the wrcciwte IS a
b,..Uccn. CcmlllnSOn of ail inicrnwzon dcveioDCii or obtained inciic:aiCii that tile mau:riai
m:overed ncar Roswell wu ccmsmcm with a balloon di:Vic;: anci most likely irom one of
tt.e Mcgui balloons that iwi net been previClUSiy rcccvcn:ci.. Air Force rcscarcit cffi:uts ciid
net ciisclose a.rrv. rewt ds ci the reawerv. of anv. "alien" bociies or ~. nwcriais.

INTRODUCTION

Air Forte invt1ivcmcnt in the alleged UFO-reiatcd incicicm popuiariy known as the
"Ros-;..·cil L-:::!d=t" b~ as the result oh Iamw:v 14. 1994, Wgbjngron Posr aniclc
(Au:h 1) which announced Congressman Steven Sc:hiifs intenr to mitWe: a Ger.:::!
.-\c:counnn; Office tGAQ) effort to resoivc this camroversia.i mmcr. HaYing previousiy
been invoiveci in numerous Fr=iom ofinfornwzon Act (FOIA) ami Congressional
:"'=me:stS on ··umzsna• aJ.r'C:ZlL"' :: mcw.C.c i.jntnCTTTTDen r1Yl01!- \.Jw~..__, - - - .
Jirectcr. £ea:nv ami Soeciai Program uv~ Offic: oi til: :cce::u v c: :.::: -~
rare:. tSAF/AAZl b~ the 1\ir Forc:c wouici b~emvoiveli in anv uAO ci"on
l!IVOiVIJJ¥ tzli.s subject.

Thus.. m ia1e january, 1994. SAFIAAZ direac:i its r==rc:il/c!ecinsific:Won te:m.

SAF/AAZIJ. to enem;n to locate any officiai rea:ntis reWive te tilis mmer. These iniriai
researcn effi:lns iccuseci on I ecartis at the Air Fore: Hismncai .R=earci1 Agcucy
(AFHRA~. Msxweii AFB. AL. the Air Fore: Sai=y Agc::ncy \AFSAl at Kirtlalui AFB.
:-w ami til: Naticnai Arcilives ami R.ealrtis .Atlmmisamicm 1NAR.Al.
On February 15. 1994. the GAO officiaiiy nomied Scce::u y ofDef"!'se William i. Peny
th31. it was iniriaring an auciit of the DepiU'Cil:m of Defense 1DoDl poiic:ies anci
proceaures ior a.cauirin;. ciassiiying. rmining. ami disnosiug oi offic:iai governm=n
docum:ms cicaliag with weuher i:lalloon. a.ircrm. ana simiiar aasiz inriri=ns iAtch 2).
This nowiarion was suilseaucmiy passcci to the Del:lamllCm of Defense insoeaor Gcncmi
·.>Jno ir rum o:fficiaiiv notineti the Scacanes of the Servio::s anci other aifcaea oani:s of
:::e 3Uilit :..-:a fcbruarv 2.3. 1994. memo 1Atcid). This mcmoramiwn mciicuea that the
"GAO is a.ruaous to fCS!'Onci to .R.eor=~ Sc:hiif's reaues~ anci to ciistlci anv co::::ms
::w tne DoD is i:leing umest~onsive. .. These ~ the iim omciai US Government
:ioc:umc::u that inciiwcci tiut tile purpose oi the GAO was to review ··c:asn inciciems
l!IVOiving weuiu:r i:lalloons anci unicnown airl:r.ui. suci1 as U"FOs anci fol"CC~ aira:ul. anci
(2) tt: W:ts invoiving tile reponeci crasn oi an u"FO in 1949 (sic, 1947) at .R.osweil.. New
Mexico .. (ami ani ~eli DoD cover-up."

An cmnnce meeting oi potc:miai.iv conccmeci panics was held in the offices of the DoD
lnstleacr •3encni on. February 1l!. 1994. During this m==rin; it -was leame:i tha1. v. iliic
the mciit cfficiaiiv wouUi be revtewing tile recanis oi a numiler of DoD Cami cossiiliy
otner E."te"..-utive Bnmc:n entities'1. the buik oi the eifun wouid be foc:useci on Air Fort::
. ~::cr:s :::.: s:.~::!'.s. The wciit was omc:ia.iiv given the GAO cocie iJ 1034. a.na cnaucc!
·'?.=:eras M~cmem Pmccaur= D:aiing With Weat.ner .dallcon. L.".'lkno·,;o. .-'.i:::~::.
•.:1 Simiiu Cram Inriri=ns. ·· .-\!thougn this officiai title aop=r=i r.J.tiler oroaci. ther: wu
no ausunci~ that tne rea.i purpose was to anezn;n to iocat: reecrtis anQ.icr
infcrmmcn on the "Roswcil Inciciem." This inriri=n cx;~laine:i later in more cieWl.
gcucniiy cieait with the c:iaim that in July of 1947, the US Aimy Air forces iUSAAf)
recavere:i a flying saucer alri /or its aiien t'Cn~ams wi1ic:b supposeliiy crasile:i ncar
Rosweil. New Me:cico: When tile USAAF uirimateiy b.,......e the Uuiteci Swcs Air ron:
(USAF) in SeptemDer. 1947. the USAF inileriteQ equipmcm. perst~nnci. rer:orcis. poiicics.
ami proce:iures from the AAF. In this panic:War case. the Air Force :Usc inizeritcli the
a!lcgatJDD that it had ~c:overeri up·· the "Rosweil Jncir;iem" ami has c;mttimte:i to rio so for
the nc:a 47 years.

Within tile Air Fore:. the Office oi the Adminima':r.-:: .o.•nmm to ~he Seae::!l'V ofth: Air
Force tSAF/AAl is responsiilie both for ini"ormatten ~c:mem -proceciures iSAF/AArj
:wi security poiicv ana oversigrit (SAF/AAZl. Because of this ol!l'mnrion.. S•.!.f/AA was

2
:ne iogiai cnmv to a.ss1SI tile GAO in ItS auait 3IU1 S..:.:ii.J,.Al. 'W'aS omci:.iiv namca as tile
Cc:mni Poim of Cont;ct for titis cnacavor t Atcn 4 )._ Subscoucmiv. tile tilcn·
Administrmve A ssjmm Mr. Robert j. ?\fcCorr.ncX. issucci a. tasicing memoz~ciwn cWcci ·
~ i. ! 994 ( Atcll 5), to a number of c-.:rr::tt Air Stan ami Scae::a~:iat omc:s mat
- cossiDiv
mi2iii . . have recortis rcia.tcti to suc:ri a.n inc:iciem li. inciecci. somcninst- ila.ci am'aiiv
.
oa:mmi. This searcn for rccortis was purposciv iimitcQ tO Air Fon:c r=:crtis ami systemS
SlllCC:
(a) The Air Fore: .iwi no aumcrity to ccmnci otilcr a;cnc:ics to review their re:cnis:
(b) The Air Fore: wouid have no way to molliter tile compiccn:ss of their cions ii they
diet ana
(c) the overzil effcrt wu the tasit ami res?onsiDility of the GAO-not the Air Force.

Durin~ the in-Oric:iing proc=s with GAO. it wu tcuner:i that this a&Uiit was. indeed...
-
l!cnet3%=i at the stlc:ciiic
. rcau=
. ofComue55man
- .Steven Schifi" ofNew Mexico. Emic:r.
Co~ Schiffba.ci written to tile Dellmmem ofDefcnse i.::~ i.i.li.son Office
for iniotmaiion on the "Rosweillnciticnt" ana iwi bectt aavisea that it wu cart of the
:'ormer i}FO "Pro~ca Blu:Oooic" that lll!.ti crcvtousiv been rutncl:i over to NARA by the
.-\ir Fo~ce. Congxesntan Schifi' suilscoucnuv ic.:un=i from NARA that. aitilou~n they ciid.
!ndccci.. have tile "Blucboo~" :nat:mis.. the "Rosweii lnc:iticnt'' was not cart of til31 TC:!Drt.
Con~!sma.n Schifi: :1ppucmiv pertciving tilat h:: had beet ··stonewalled" tv the DoD.
then gcncratcci the ret!Ucst for tile aiorcmcntioneci :wciit.

It is ..,.ithin this ccmc:a. that the following research ana a.ssistanc: eff'cns were conciuacri
in support of the GAO. This report ts imcncicci to mnd as the final officiai Air Force
response ~g this maner.

THE "?..OSWEll ~CID~T -'.\'HAT WAS IJRIGINALLY P.EPOR1"EJ IN 1947

The modern crc:occuc:won With wnat uu.imatCIV :J..'Ile to oe c:uie1.! i.Jn.icic.-:~:::i ?::,.'i::g
ObiCC'.J. 1l:''FOs) acmai!v be!Wl in june. 1947..~;houiZil some cr l-UFO rcscarchm anzue
- - ofUFOs .tZo b~ck to Biblicai times.. mon researcric ~ wiil not discute
that si£ntin2S - .
that-
a.nythin~ in UFO history can comcarc with the pi' enomencn that i>egan in i 947. What
was iat:.:r ~ as '1l:e u"FO Wave ofl9• 7" began with • 6 alle;ea si~tings that
cecum d benveen May 17 ana July 12. 1947, (ai!houltit some re:.::n:ilm claim th~
wf!le !S many as 800 sightings during that period':. ~. tile "R.osw~ lnciricm"
was not c:onsirierea one of these i 947 evems umii the 1978-1980 time frmte. Tht!te is no
dispute. hcnvever. tha% something ilappcucri n=r tlosweii in July, 1947. since it was
rcuorteci in a rnmtilc:r of ccmemcora:v newmauc:r anic!:s: the most famous of wiUch were
th~ Juiv 8 ami July 9 editions oi the Rosweil. D~ily Reec!rl. The July 8 edition rcportcci
"RAA.f Caoturcs Fiying £auccr On R.1nc:n in Ro:;wei! RegiOn.·· whiie the ne:n day's
edition 1CDDrtcd. "Ramey Empncs Rasweii S:wccr'' :..-.d "!-!:.-...::! Ranciter Who La==i
'Sauc::: Sorry He Told About It.;,
7"ne 1lm stcrv t euotLdl tnat tne intciiiqence vffic: oi tile .::u9th J:)Citm '-'''"''"- -~-..___
lt ilosw=i AM. ~or jesse A. ~ .il:Ui r=:ovcr= a. "flying aisc" !':':::n me~
iamis of an uniricmTtieri nncncr in tile vicmitv oiRoswe.i.i ami tim me tiisc iwi be=
~flown to ili;ilcr hcaciauzrtcrs. '' Thai sam: naryaiso mroneri tim a. &osweii CO''!'ie
ciaimea to have sees a ia.rge umcictimicd ciljcct rly by tilcir heme on July 2. !947.

The July 9 eriitirm of the p~cr noteri that BrigaDier G=:rai Roger iWzu:y, CommHWi,... oi
theEglnh IUr Fer= at .Form Wonil. Texas. srar=t t!23t ~rm e a 1ni• 1arinn tile debris
rccover=i by M3rcl:i was cieterm:meri to be a wam.... cailoon. The~ was
dcscnilea &$ & ." ..bumi,ie OttimoiL broitf:n WOOQ beams,. am;i nzDDet'tClll'fCXS Uta
balloon.•.. ~ Th~ aciciiticnai story of the "harasseri nnrncr' idcmTtieli him as W.W. Bram
ofT inc:nin Ccumy, New Mexicc. He daimeri that he 1114 his SCA. Vemon. foumi the
mm:riai en june i 4. 1947. wilen they ··am= uprm a.largurca oibrigin ~marie
Ull of tubber mtllS- timoiL a.l"&lher tou~ paper. ami stick;." He picXeri Utl- some oi the
debris 0 n july 4 ami ." .. :he next day he llm hearci about tne tlying ciiscs a.nci WOIIcic:mi if
·Nila.t he iwi fcunci mi¥ilt nave been tile rczmams of one of these... Bra= suaseaucmtr
wem: to Rosweti en juiv 7 ana ccmaaea tile SheriiL who ;m~ notiri:d Maier
\ia.rce!. \ia.tor Marcel :mQ "a man moiain cicmes'· then a.u::tJU4lmieri Bta%:1 nome to
,ick u:: tne re:r of the ctea:s. The amcie iu:rtiler rciucci that Bl'lW:1 thou.;nt tlw tn:
ma.terUJ:

" .. might have cccn as W¥e as a. table top. The ba.llocn which hcid it
up, if tim is hew it worXcd, must have cccn abmn 12 feet lOlli. hr. fcit.
rncasutiq the rijmnce bv the si: of the roam in which he sat. The
ruilber was smoicy gray tn euler ami s• a 1 1 • t eri ovr.r an area abou: 200
yarcis in :ijamczcr. Whctt the cicbris was !"lh='erl up the tiniciL ppcr.
t~c. ami.stic:Xs ma.cie a i::Jumile a.Dout three fc:t lea¥ ami 7 or 8 ir.chcs
thici::. wilile the rucbcr ma.cic a cumile about 18 0" 20 incftcs iong a.nci
about 8 :n..ncs tilick. In a.lL he cstimawi.. the c. -:Ur= lot would have
WC:Sgn:a. maycc 0Yc ~Ouruis.. 7:~ ._._,3-S nO sign Of any metai U~ the
area wniclt migm have i::Jcen uscci for an cn~e mci no sign 01 a.nv
prcpciicr:o of any Kind. Althc~ a.t least one papa fullwi been ~iucd
omo some of the till:ioiL There were no words tC:• be fourui a.nvwilcrc
on the iJ ·stnmlcttt although there were letterS on some of the Fms.
Ccnsili=nble scou:il. ~e ami some ~e 1oVith flowers prim=:i upon 1t
twi bcea used in the c:cnsuuaicn. No mm~ or 'W'TC were to be it.uzui
bl.lt til:fc were some eycictS in the paper tO indiczic that some SCI"t of
am• i!iiit u ma:y have ocea used.. Bnszci said. that he had prcvit'USIY
fcnm.ci two weuher ca.lloons on the ranch.. but that witat he fcumi this
time did net in any way resemble eiti2er of thcsc.."

EVOL:.."TION OF TI-'..E EVENT FROM 1947 TO TEE PRE..t'ENT

Ge:acrati.alm:f·s press C*J 111
tiCUCC ~ 14.l~ - · - - -
a UFO-reia=i mw•erumii 197!. aitilcu~ some u'"FO rceal'C!ICS 3fF.:::- :.":.at mer: were
severai obulsl: nai:tem:cs wit in 1950's era iitdaauc. .Rosweii. fort' Hl!i"'C. is not
reU:ueti w in die oiiicW USAF ~ oiUFOS 1eponeti in Project .61uei:look or iu
prerie H'Cn. Project Sign ami Project Grudge, wilicil ran ircm i948-l969 (wilicil
Congmsll!ID Scbifi"sub=!ucmiy iameci wilc:n ne maCe ilis ongimi inquiry).

In 197!. 111 anicic appeareci in a nDinici ~- tbc Natigmi Ingujn;r. wilici1teponeci

the fonm:r imriligrnce officer. Mara:i.. daimeri tbat he iwi recaverai UFO debris Zldlr.
Rosweii in 1947. Allo in 197!, a UFO 1 c:W:r. Sramnn irioil"'u met witil Man:z:i
ami b~ iavurigati'tlli= riaims tim tim macriai Mar= hmriferi wu from a c:rzshai.
UFO. Simii•riy. two •moon, William i.. Moore ami Oanes Bcriitz. also c:n~grri in
resean:n wilich leci then w publish a i:loak. The Rosweii Ir:ci;j;m, in 1980. In this beak
they ~they imr:rvieweci allWIIi:ler ci perscms wile cj;jrneri to haw oec:n pi tsei4 at
~in 1947 amipzoieueti to i:le eitilerlim crsc:camihamiwimeaestc ~
~ ti131 ~ occurr=i. Since 197!-1980. other u"FF researci1e:s.. most aomb1y
JoiWI:i Scbmjtr ami Kevin Rmciic. ciaim to nave ioc:a=i ana im=vieweci cvc:n more
·:crsons witi1 SUtJPDS=i lclowieci;e oi unusuai ~c:nmgs ;u Rosweil.. These mciurieri
·lOth cMiian ami fanner military persons.

\dditiooaiiy, the Roberi 5tack-ncsteei teicvision silow ·'L'nsoiveci Mysterie:'" cevoteci a

:qc porcion of one snow to a "re-aeuion" of the supposcli R.osweil c:vai'.S. Nwnc:raus
:~ther teievision :oiunvs nave done iilccwise.. panic:ulariy ciuring tbc W1 s~ years ami a
·naQe.ior-TV movie on the suD;ect is due to be reieucci tb:l PD!I!!!er. The ovd'Zil thnm
•lf these an:icie:. books ami shows is tbat the "Roswell Inc#dlt" wu amn iiy the crzsh of
a am from anatilerwcrid. the us GovdtUnem ~it. ami has i:l=n ·'covering up"
this faa from the Americm pui:llic since i 947, using a ccmDinazion of disinicrmatioi
idicuic. mci thrcm cfbcdUy harm. to de so. Geuerallv, tre US Ai.r Fe~ ileus the brum
: f :h::~ a.cc:sa:a.:Jns.

''rom tile mil.er Jc:ni;n descripzlon of the ''event" anci the r:ccvery of som1. materiai as
Jcscribed in the originai newspaper acccums. the "Raswei.. Incitim" has Sl'lCC grawn to
:nythicai (if not t'tymc:ai) prcponicns in the~ anci mimi.: of same resarcilen. ponions
':lf the m=iia ami at least part of the Americm pui:llic. There are also new ~everai ~
,,ariarioliS of the ='Rosweil. story." For filli"f'\e. it was ori~re;xmeci t:m there wu
.1nly ~ of debris from one site. This has since~ from a mi"illld· amD\1111 of
Jebris tccavaui from a small area w air;liane ioacis of debris from muitiplt huge "debris
:ieids.." Likewise. tbc reWive!y sim:pie description of sUcil:s. paper. ape ami tiniDil has
;inc: gtown to c:xaUc maais with hierogiypbics ami fiber cptic-jib mmria.is. Most
venicns now c:l.aim tha1 there were twO crzsh sites wnere o.ebris wu ~ ami at tbc
secand site. allepi bodies of CXU'liierr'CSUi aliens were~ mrievui, The
IUJJI:IDcr of these ·'aiic:n ccdir:s''•=-·-_.,:
!.!.so varieci. These claims are funher compiiclreci
by the fact that UFO researcilcrs are not in agrcemm among tilcmseives as to exactiy
-
wi1ere these recoverv. sites w~ iocatcti or even the dztcs cfthe aileaeti aasrnesl.

s
:':13lenll tnc-!uzn. 1cc:us awav. a:.:::e::::::z:::; :::: ~ wn:::::s:::;e ta:m
x.::=m~
:;omcsJ to R.oswet.i unc~ ---··=v tl;nt s:::::y icr :-.:..-..::::- m-ce=:sin'! ana Wc-
=cnio!WlCn.

Once cl!IX at .Rcsweti AM. i: :s gc::r.uiv ~=that sp==.i m=su:= wen: t!X.c:: to
notiiY hi~~ ana a:c1a••g• ,,,, ,,,, macie to nave rccaven:ci ma:teri:lis ~pee 10
oti= lor-mens inr maivsis.. Tn=c IDC!TTCms mcjnrje ft. worm. TCDS. tr.: nome of the
Figinn Air fore:~ possmiv SamiiaBase mow Kirtlana A.FB1. New M.....,....
;JoSSii:liv Anrin:ws AAF. Marviazui. ami ai~ to Wri¢11 .i?ieia.. now K..'IOWn as Wrigi:-
P:mc::cnAFB. Ohio. Thelmer!ocn:umwasmehnmcof ''T-:" wmO::llat:ro• ili!e
known as the Air To hnicai ~·-"""C"tATIC) ami the Air Ma•eric Commmri
(AMC), ana wouid.. in iza. be & iogicai lccmnn to m:::iy uni:Dcwn ma=nais from
wiwcv:r en~ Mast of the .Rasweii stones mat ccmam me rcam:rv of aiien ocriies aiso
snow tilcm ccin¥ silinpea to Wrigin Ficici. Once me mueriai ana bclii:s wen= ciSI)==i
far iurtilc:" anaivsis amiicr cxmciwwn. tr.: govanmem m ga=zi.. ana the ·o..rt:lr'! Air
:=orcc:s m carac:iar. then~= in c:cvenng up aii inicrmmon ~to tile aii=!=ri
~ 3lllJ rc::cverv. m~ tne :ue ci sc:::umv OWlS to mUitarv persons ana t.'le usc oi
:acrc:cn uncmciing ~= cic::m tr.rcr.sl to c~. Tr.is. as tile:utz:eci i:Jv some i.iFO
re:c:n:r.=s.. n.as aiicwea the ;ovcmme:n: to Ke= tne Ia.::t :::: tilcre is i.!'.tciiigcm
~~ai life from tne .'\mcnc:m cciliic ior 4 7 vean. It aiso Stm;J:lScciiv aiiowm the
US Govemman to canoit rc:::overca ~ lll.:l%cn3is by~= cngin=ring
tilem. uirjm;neiy prov;ciin; sua thin!gs as llbcr o;nic a:ui n=itb teMmmcgy. The "d=zil
thre:U." aa:Qs. ami otilcriorms of cccn::zm aileyr; to :mve D=:ll mercc cut by the Army
Air Force: casnnnei to Kc= pcacie from rni!Qng .ilave ~pau:miy not ec:D very eifet::iie.
as scvmi hunareri -pcacie 3rc ciaim= to ilzve cmne fo:wani (without hazm1 with SODII:
kncwica;e cfthe.'.'Rosweii Inc::icicnt" d::ri%1~ imemewt with non-govemmem: ICSeatcilcs
anci the meriia.

-'-.dciinl! samt• me.:sure of :-~;oiiitv to tne C'3ims tnat have We%1 S1I1C: i 9il! is the
lpparem c.:;---~ ci rccn::: of some ot tr.: :umcrs ana :::: :xtc:'.t o!· :!':::~ ::::~!. T'heir
:imns are ieslcn= somcwnat.. now=. ov the iaa :r.a: ;wnon aii their micrmmcn came
frctn verilai r=nm mmv yem mer me ~= in:Uicr.t cc:::me:i. M.I:IV oi the r>=sons
mtlil'V!ewea , ...ere. in iza. ~wmcnca at. or iivea n=r .Ra~ durinst tile :ime in aucsrirm
an11 a llUimlc of them caim miiitarv sliMe:::. Mon. however. r~ th-::r stones in W:ir
aider vw:s. v:ell after tne iaa. In ctner c:ses.. tiu: inim:nmon 'Df'OVicied is seccnri orlilini-
hami. hawt~ D=:ll -passeri through a friena or n:Wive ar..cr tile~ iwi cii=i.. What is
umau=Y iacring in the cmire canoramln ami c:mioimcn of the "Itoswcii Inc::icie:zt" is
afliciai ocsitive cicc•mcnnry or -pi:!ysical evicieuce of any icinli that SU'PPOI tS the ciaim of
these wi1o ~ that scmetiling UilllSUai hatlp=ai.. Ccz:rvcrseiy, th:re has nm:r D=:ll ay
OrevtCUS
. cioc:umc::mzrv
. . evicienc:e ':ll'tlciuce:i
. bv. those wile wouid ocl:nmr the inc::icie:zt to
show tiW sometning ciUi net nanpcn: ai~ lc~c ciiC%3Tcs that~ rio not

SEARCEST.i\..ATEGY ..~-..:.''t'D Mb::.ODOLDGY

0 .
;m~ rc:m to tne ·'Rosweti lace=: :.::::1 to orov!Cie tne GAO 11o1tn tn: :::::.• ,__ ···~··
.:mmncu:
.
micrmmon avaiia.Die.. 5.~IAAZ ::::nmuet::l a strai:SW oa.sca en air= us..mv-
-~

from tne Qffil:: oi the S:acmv. to ciic:it imbnnanon rrom tnose iimclmw effie:: anci
of!3njnncns wnere sucil imbrmancn rru~ lc¥lcaiiv be l:omamca. T.'lis inc::utie:i
~ - sc:rcn= 31 CUIT:nt offices wnere :mcc.ai
. or lliillS1W cr01cct.s
. . :mvm
- be c:unc:i
Out. as weU IS izistm'icai 01 g>iii tai'Ons. arcmvcs.. anti let:rlnls a:mcrs ovcrwilicil tile Air
Fcrc:c exen=i same C:srree oi CCmrt:li. ~ tiiri not. ilcwn-er. go to the US
Amiv tO review ilistcricai rcecras in artU suci1 as missiie iauncncs trom White :ialllis. Or
to tile .Dcum m of~ to cic:enmnc ii its icrc:nmn:r. the A1om1c ::::1 g)'
CC!!ui!ISSjQn iwi arr'/ recartis of nucitar-reiueci inciricms tnll1 mis;in nave occu:rcci 1% or
ncar Rosweil in l94i. To do so wouid have enc:raa.cDCa on GAO's c:hzncr m tnis mm=.
Whll1 Air Fora: rcsearcners tiid do. ilowever. was to searcn for re=rtis Stili unacr Air
Fore: comroi tldtaining to these subject :m::s.

[n crtic:- to ciettnmne oanuneters tor tile most protiuc:nve s=cil of rccon::s. a :-evtew was
:lm ::::nauc=t of the nwor wona rc~ tne ·'Rosweii incioe.''lt"' ava.iia.Cie in tile
:o'DUW" iitc:mm:. T:-:cse wona mciuoe:i: T::e Rosweti !nt:Jci~!. ~! 9801 bv william
~iccre 3Jlli Charics .i:icrtit:: "C::asneri Sauc::s: E·.icicnce :.'1 SC3rt:ll cfP:-ocC :: 985) bv
\icon:: n.e l7FQ Crnh at Roswet!. (1991) by Kevin R.antiie m:::i Dcnaui 5::!:='.:::: The
Truth A.bout xnc UFO Cr;sn at Rosweii. ( 19941 we bv Ramiie .anci S~::O.mm: ~~~e
Rosweii Rcppu: A ffisxonoi Pmpe;rrye ( 19911. G:orgc M. Ebcril3rt.. Editor: ·'The
RcsweilEvems.." (1993) complicC by Fred Whiting; C:;uh at C;rnna (19921 by Stamon
T. Ff.eriman ami Den Berliner. as wei! as numcraus omer aniC::s wnncn ey a ~::mti:ri:a.aaon
of the :lDcve ami other n:s=rcn~. Collcctiveiy, the a.Dove tep:csem til: "pro" t"FO
wrims wile a.ileszt -
- Uw the llOVtrnmdtt is dUZ3IZCii . There 3rt no Stlccmc
- - in a CCnstrir:'.CO.•.
. .
bccic~ wmtc:: cnmcr: on tile tilcme that nothin; n:umeneci 31 R:Jsweil. Howe\er. Curtis
Pecbtcs in Watci'l the Skies! ( !994) disc:ussca the aeveiotlmt:nt .,f the L-70 StCI''\' anti
grov.~n of sui:Jseaucm ci:..ims as a cnc::cmcnon. There nas aiso oecn sencus rese:rcil as
·Neil as a numtler of c~..:Wc:i arm::cs wnnc:: cv so-called "debw·Kcrs .. ofRosv.·d anti otilcr
~-:citift:-·s most nota.c:v Phiiic j_ :~ wno .,,;rncs ::~:: ::;,~':'!1~· r~ou:r~ ~~.vsu~ner. 3Jlli
'i\.obt~ Todd. :l. pnva:e rcs::rcn::. The conc:ms ano t:Wms ci ail the :uJcve au'.ncrs anti
otne:~ were consicic:ea m ccnoucung tne USAF ret:eras scarcn

lt Wl!.S auo cccicic:i.. prucuiariv after a rCVlew of the acove 1'o;uiar iitcr.uur:. :::at no
spca~c a:aemot wcuiJ be mace to try to rciut:.. point by point. :he numerous ciaims maae
in the various INblia:icns. Manv of these ciaims aD;l=r to be hearsay. uncicCUincmc:i..
talttll cut of come:a.. scii-servmg, or otnd'Wise ciubious. Adciitionaiiy. manv of me above
au:tilors arc not even in ~ cenem over various ci3lms. Most nota.D!e of tile ccn:ii•sing anci
- - ciaims is the ccmrcversv. over the liatcisl of the aiic=li
now ever-cftanpinll - incicicm tile
e:aa ioczricni s'r of the purpcne:i debris .and the c:actt of the v.~e. .:::lcll
di.sa=mcics
. in ciaims made the scarcn mucil more tiiffic:uit bv. -m:miv. ext~anaimz
. - the
vo1w::: of rc:ords :t:: t::.d to be ~~i'::d.
e:azm11e: One ex tile no~ coca mc:mcnca u:at 'N1IS n:v~ewec cmmm .-........ - ... ·-·
. . . . .' . ..
:w1.su.az:zm::a tr.e names ann scna.1 ~crs or· over two aa::::::a pet» •••••d snnon= a1
Rosweii in juiy, 1947. to tile Veter.mS Admimm;mcruna uu: Def=m= Dc::muncm: to
:ommn tnc:r miliwv sCI'V1c:. They tne:n iislcn eicvcn of these oi::scm i:!y name ami asi:l:ri.
:he aucmon: ·''.Vby aces neirilcr 1ne Dcf=se De::mnmcm nor tile Vetenm·· s
Ad•••i•••s••aucm ilave Je::onis oi ~or'" these mea wilen we em cioaz:m:nr tim =.ci1 sa::rvai
at R.oswm Arrrr! Air Ficici." That Claim soumi=i .scri.ous sa SA:fI AAZD wu rasiri to
cllCI± tile= ci:Y= names m tile Pefs~ R=:cnis Cem::r in SL Louis U.sin¥ amy tlu:
rwucs 1sincz: tile mnimn ciici not iist the scriai mzmcc:s 1the rcscm:Zl:r auiciay icumi. ·
~.:cctas t'CSiiiiy iriezrrriiabie with ei¥irt oithes: ~cmms. The oti=r'tnr= iwi sw:D ca ''''''""'
names U13t tilcrc coWd have o=n muitizlie possiDjjjzjcs lntcrcsmz!Py, one of the iiszecl
.. ~·· pdSUlD iwi a casnajcy J'C!'Crl m ms rcc:cras rc]cctingUm ilc ciieli in 1951, wDilc
the wmc:s ciaimea to have intCI'V1cwea him !Or a nc:scn cithe exact same name1 in 1990.

While the hi.stcncai cioauncm sc:ut:n 'N1IS in ore~ It wu accicicri to attcm'D1 to loa=
lilli intcrvtew sevcrzi ocmms iciem:aie:i as stilllivin~ wile ccuid nossii:Jiv answer
Jucsuons ~cncniC!i by tne r=carcn. T:-:is ~ never cc:n ociciaiiy cione ccforc. a.tti:~.cu¥i1
:nest or" the pef!tllD camaaco rc:lon= tn:n :n::v naci aiso oc:n camaac:i in the oasz i:!y
some of the iistCii amnDn Or Otncr onvate rcsan:ncrs. in OrDer tO ccum:cr 'DDssWie Dmlre
ar.:um=s tnat uu: pcnom intCI'V1cwea w~ still"covcrm~ up" maiCriai bcc:use of prior
s = oaziu.. the imei'V1cwees w~ prtMcic:i wnilauu1Cn:azicn ircm either the
Sc:rc::uv oithc Air Force or the Senior Scamty Officiai of tile Air Force ti:w wouid
offic:iaiiv ailcw riismssinu of classiiicci inic:mmcn. ii ~iicaillc. or free them ircm any
prier restriction in riisozssin¥ tile mmcr. ii sucn cxined ApiD. tile icms wu on
int::'Vlewtn~ pcmms that ccuid adl:ircss spccCc issuc:naiseci by 1csearch ami no
ccnsicic:mcn WU glvm tO try ami 1ccazc every ~c:i wimc::s ciaizncri tO have Dedl
ccntac::o by tile various autilors. For e:am;:::. one citilc imd'Vicwe= thcu;nt vitai to
obtain an omci:ti signcri.. sworn swcm::m ircm was Shcrician Cavitt. L: CoL USAf
IRcti:-::: ·, who is the last iivinll- memocr of the ti1rce ::cnons
.
u.:uvcrsaliv. acimowie:illCii
. - to
:,ave re:cverea ma.te:nai from tn: Foster iUr.::.. -::..~:..-:·:.·e..~ :.iso intC"totewea as
.niomw~on cicveicnc:i i dismssea in cictzii laten Additionaliv. in some cscs sul'VIVOrs of
dcc::uea pcnons w~ aiso comaaec in an attcmM to ioC31C vancu.s rc:ctuS thougiu to
have Oe:!l In the custcciy of the cc:e=sed.

Ewn though Air Force rcsczrci1 cri~y stzneli in Jamwv, '994. the nm oifu:iai Air
Foree-wide tasm~ was ciir:c=i by the Much 1. 1994. mcmunucjum irctn SAP/AA.
(Alch 5) anci was aarircsscri to these curn:m .'\ir Swi cicmctas thai wouid be the likciy
r~ository ior my reccrcis. pan:imiariy ii there was anything of an cmaaniina:y namrc
invcived. This m=m that the sca.rci1 'N1IS not iimired to tmciasridi maiCriais. but a.lso
wcuid inciwic 1Ct:U¥ Lis of the hi¢lcst ciassriicanon ami co~cn.

ule soeci-=: •4.ir S~ea=nat offices aucricti inciucicri the following:

!a) SAFIAAl.. Directorate oflnfonnmon Manal;cm::m
tb) SAF/AQL Directorate ofE:-'"trOnics arui Socciai
. Proll1'3%ns
-

8
, ;: 1AFiSE. .~.li' Fen:: ~aictV
, d) AFiHO••-\lr Fen:: nistcnan
te) AFiiN••-\lr Fon::imeiiigc:::: :inciwiil:l; -~Fen:: !ntl:iiigcnc: .-~gcncv-"-r"1A ai:l1
tile Nationai Air im:iiigcnc: C:rx-. NAIC1 -
(f) AFtX.OW. Dirccwtn: cfWeamcr
~,g) (amied iau:rl The Air Fen:: uffice oi Spcciai Invcsng-auons 1AFOSD

In aririiriou to tile ailove Air SWf ami Seaewi.u effie= SA:f/AAZ a1so rev~eweci
appi uptiale ciasmieri recotcis ior any tie-in to tilis mmcr. With Iep;icis to N~y rjasrirri
reccrm. it sbouici be ucu:Q thai any prt'l!!laUIS tim~ mmccri security measur= or
comrciS arc ialown as a Sp:=i Ace== Ptc!!lams tSAPs). The amilcrity fcr.sucn
prcpzms 11 •m= limn fxmmye Order l2JS6 ami iiaws 1Tam me
D~ oiD:ftmc
to the Scnic= via DoD Dirccnve S20S.7. Thc:se ~pzms arc io•piewemeri in tile Air
Fon::e i1y Policy DirecM: i6-7. arui Air Fon::e iZistruczcn 16-iOl. These Cir:ccives
comaiu rimiicd r=uircm:ms tor ccmrciJin¥ ami 1epw ~ in a ~ stnct maDDer. ail
SAPs. This inciwies a r=ort ri-om tile Seacw v of the Air Force to tile Secreury ci
Defeme 1anri uirinme•v to Cc.::;;ress1 en ail SAPs sucmitt=i icr ~ anri a
:::.-ui!ClPCn mat tnc:re ue no ··sAP-like·· otc!!lZJllS being cpcnLtfli. These re::crong
~eawrcnems :u-e stmuiat:a in ':luiliic iaw.

it fcilcweci then. that u· :he Air Fen:: :wi recover= some tv!le oi carat--:-:m'iai
spac=:::::m anaior bcciies anri was t:lqlioitiu¥ this fer scemi'iic anri tecimCiiCgy purposes.
. -
then sucn a tJrOIZrllm wcuid be coerm=i
. as a SAP. SAFIAAZ. the Ccm:ai Office tor all
Air Force SAPs. has lamwim¥e of. anri s~ ~over. ail SAFs. SAFJAAZ
~cncaiiy :w=i thai no such Spcciai Ace== Prc¥tmJis) exms that ;:ruin to
e:ar:tezesuia.i spar= :niJaiie:lS.

LikeWise. tile Secrewv of the Air Force anri the Chici of Swi who hw the Spec:iai
Pro~ Qversnzht Ccmmm:: wilicn ovds =s ail sensitive orol!r.lmS in :.":e .A.ir Fore:. il"!.d
::o ~ow1e:i::~ - cfth: =stcner of anv. sucil 'CrtJRnm - mvciw;lt. -· ;r rewi:r: to tile evems u ·
Rcsweii or tn: ~ tecnnctcgy tnat su'Cpcsdiiv remitdi tilde:iom. ; .eSlci:.s m:
oilVIous ~ anri iile~amv of kc:mn~ sucil inicrmat1cn from tile nest scmcr M
Fcn::i: officiai; it wouid aiso be iilc¥ic:ai.. since mae cfficia.is are: rcsuon:ubie fer oi.-•ainill~
funliin~z: for C'Cc:naicns. rc::earcit. dcveioomem. anri secumv Without nmriin~z: sucil a
- • • • 0 -

pmgram. cpermion. or o~n couid not r::xist. Evm to ~ sucil a W:; .. cowreci·
up" in some s:Jrt oipiSSIVe ·'c.1l"fTarer swtts" wouid invoive money. M•lrt unportamiy, it
wouid invoive '!l=;lie ana c::--te opaperwcric.

The ai01 mJe:niondi March l. 1994. SAF/AA rasicing gflld'll%ai negari-•e r:socmses (Arch
6-12) from ail recmiems: 1.c. all effie= 1eucnca tim tnev iwi no utfuua::mon tilat wauld
~iain tile incUic:it. Conseauentiv, ti:lese.negmve r:so~nscs icd to an ir:cr::se in the
a.Jreaov cn~cing i:listoricai research at recct ci:s cemets ana a.rciJiws.

The e:aetJSive arciUvai ana rccortis c:mer searcn was svstenm ica!!v carri:Q cut at by the
SAFJAAZD Deciassitic:won Review Team. This team. is ~oseti cntireiv of M Fore::

9
~ r.etscam:t wno nave exu::lSIVe ~ana c:c:l:n::mo<;; ........ .,... - - --
:=oms. iPreYJcus mens mciwic me Souxa....,.. Asia Decinsjijcmnn .i?.e-new.
deciassjijcmon of POW/MIA rcccras. .ami the r:v~ew ox· the UuifWar.Atr Power Sut't'eV
rccnrcisl. The t=m m:Z=m aillwi the~~ cicumlccsinr ciassiDeri .
:niomt!Ilcn ami ha.ci the auti1nrity of th: .Scwewr of the Air Fore: tc cieciassiiv any
ciasmlc:i ICCOtci theyfowui thai Illlgin be reimeQ tO .Rosweii. S.~/A.AZD ctlncim:tc:i
revzews at a mmmer oi locmcns. inrimiing= tile Narinnai .Arcmv= in Wasftingxon DC
the Nationai .Petsonm:i Reccrcis Cemer. St. Louis. MO; the Narinnaj Arcilivcs. .Suir!ancj
Ml); the Narinnai R.eccrris Cemer. Snitlanci MD; Navai .R.=ean:D LaboratOry,
Washington. DC: Fetieni Recaras Cemcr. Ft Wonil. n the INSCOM ArcilM:s. Ft.
Mwic. MD: Natiozzai Air .ami .Snacc M·J•em Wnbin@XCU. DC: Nr Fore: ffistcricli
Raearcn Agr::ncy, Maxwai AFB. ~ C==r ior Air Fore: Hislary, Bolling AEB. DC;
Phillins i.abDr.~tCtY, Hanscom AFB. MA ami Kln1ami AFB. NM: Rome i.abomcry,
Griffis.s AEB. NY: ami the Library ofCongx=s. Washington. DC.

..I,. listingci the mccmc reami arcu searcneti is a,;Jperuieti as Atch 13. The arciS incinderi
ill these suiliect a.rea.s iogita.iiv beiievea to possiillv ccmin anv 1aa etiCe to activities at
?..osweti AAF dtJring tile cenoci oi time m auesaon. It i!: antJcmm= thai ae:raacrs from
this e:lcrt 'IVlii conm.iain tilat .. they aici not s=rcn recnrri ~p x. cox y, or~ z.
etc.: ::-.lt' s wilcre me re:.i reccrtis are!·· Suci:l conmiaims ~unavoidable z.nci there is no
;JOSSicie wav til.u the millions oi recortis Wilier Air Fora: comroi couid be sarcileti page
by page. The te:m encicavoreti to !naU lngicai scan:ilcs in those ciaccs wilere rccnrtis
wouid likeiy be iowui. They were :mjsr=ri in this task b'! arcilivim. historians. ami
reccnis ~emcm spcriaiists incbtrjing experie=eci p:tsDDS wilD bave ccmim,aily
woriceci in Army and Air Fore: recnrcis sync:ms siDe: 1943. The team aiso searched some
recnrci areas that were recnmmeruieci b'! sc:ricus '!'riwte ; esea c:i1e:s such as .Robert Todd.
wile haci indeca~ciemiv obtaineci almost encyciopetiic knawietige of the comtliccities Qt
Air f:::rce recnrtis synems. panicuiariy as reiateci to this sui:ljcct area. ·

:;ut s~-::-:sin;iy, th= rese:m:il te= icunci the usuai numcer ofprnbiems U1 manv oithe
~ecnrtis cc:l%m tpamcuiariy St. Louis·, with mis:iiiing, ton or mm:~ CICC'.lrnenu.
lTl1SIII.arlcing oi documcms.. or the breaicing up of reecrti P.rnups over me years ami r=iiiug
in ciiif=:tt systems. This inciuded.. for e:xampie. a small m1CIUnt of missing ·'decimal files"
from tne S09th Bomil Graue at Rosweil that c:ove:reci the years 1945-1949. that were
maricc:i en the imi=c as "demnyeci." The resem:ilers nnteci thai there was no panem to
any anomalies iOwui anci that most dUu~~:mcies were nrnar anci consistent with what
they iwi fcwui in the past on similar projects.

WHAT '!H£ ROSWEll INCID:ENT WAS NOT

Before ciilmssing: speciiic cositive resuits that these effilns reveaied. it is first aociOptiale
to discuss those things, as inciicateti b'! iniormaJ:icn avaiiable to the Air Force. that the
"Roswell Inc:Uiem" was not:

An Airniane Crash

10
Jf all the Ulln¥S Ulllt ~ aocumcnte:ur... .__.__ ... ···- .... __ _
jcw.i=i ami sc:ucuious an: 3ll'tlia.nc t:::WlCS.. i:: fuc:.. :::=ras ci air C'-WICS go calX to tile
tim ye:n of military tli;ht. SJicty re-.ot as ana r:=ons ~ avaliabie for aii c:rasnes tnai
invciv=i sc:ricus rianiage, in_iury, ciC3til.. or a comi:lirimcn oi these IZa.ors. Thcac tccutcis·
aiso inciulie incccms invciving c:c;:cmncntal or ci3SSiiic:i aira:u1. C'SAF re::crr:is sitaweC
that bcrwccn June 2.4. 1947. anti Juiy 28. 1947. there were !lve c:r:tSilcs in New Mexictl
alene. mvaiving A-26C. P-51N. C-&2A. .P-80A ami PQ-148 aircr.ul: however. none of
t hcsc were an the daicl s) in auestion nor in tile ar=u s i in question.

One of the aciditionai a.r=s meciiiniiv set tortit by GAO in its eticrts was to ciw with
how tile Air Force iami othm1 soecmcailv dcc:mnc:!!!:ti ." :;vcatilcr balloon: ..:mzi ether
crasil inc:iccms ., In this area. the scarc:i2 effilns rev=Wi that tn== arc no air w"Cty
rcc:crcis pcmrining to weather balloon cmi1ca Iall wcamcr ballccns,"c:'ZSil.. sooner or
later!; h~. there arc provisions tor gcncmmg repom cf"Cl"3Silcs'" ::.s ground safety ·
iru:Uicms in the uniikciv cilance that a balloon m)urcs someone or c::wscs carnage.
However. suc:il rcc:crcis ~ oniv mamraincti fer -five veus .

.-\ Missiie Cra.sil

.-\ C1'1!Silcti ore~ mtssiic. usualiv cicsmi:leci as a catlturca Germ:ut \1-~ ..;r one oiits
variants. IS samcmncs set iortil as a oossibie e:ttlla.nauon tor tile ccin'is re::-:::vereti ncar
Rosweil. Since much of this te::mg acne at ncarov \Vhite .Sancis was sec=:: =.t tile time. it
wouici be log;c:d to assume that tne government wouid l:azuiie any missiie ::nis.ilap uruicr
tight security, F:uticuiariy if the rmsilap occurmi on private lami. From t:;e rcc:crcis
rcviewcti by the Air Force. h~-evcr. there wu nothing iocu=i to sugp that this wu
the case. AlthcU¥±1 the buik of rcmainin¥ testing rccorcis are uncicr the cc :nroi of the US
Arrrr'f. the sui:Jjea has me been very well documcntce ever the years within Air Force
reeorcis. There wouid be no rc::son to icCC!' suc:il inicrmation ciassified tc:iay. The USAf
iounci no indiCltOrs or even ilints tnat a missiie was invoiveti in this mme:.

One oi the arc::s constcicrc!l wa:; tnat wnatcver ::=.open:: n~ Roswe1i r.:::·; :::ve :nvoiveci
r~uc:i= weacotls. T.'is was a io~pc:U area of concc:n smce tne :509th Bon:o Group wu till)
oniy military utut in tile world a... me ume til311wi acc:ss to nucicar weapcns. Again.
reviews oi aVllliabie rc::crcis 2ave no inr:i.i.cation that titis wu the case. A numi:lcr oi
reeorcis still da·sified TOP SEC R.ET arui SECAET-RESTIUCIED DAT:-. havin2 to do
witil nuci=r wespons were iocztcd in the Fedcrai R.cccnis Ccmer in St. L "::uis. MO .
These rcconls.. which pcrtaincci tO the 509th. had nothing tO do with any t~oo:tivitics lh3t
c:ouid have ilecu misintcrprctca as tile "Rosweii Incident." Also. any rect :cis of a nuclear.
reiawi incident would have been inherited by the Dcpanmcm cfEncrgy ' DOE). azui. had
one occurmi it is likely DOE wouid have pubiicly rcpcrteli it as part ci it; recent
dcdassriicarion anci cubiic rciease effortS. There were no ancillary rcc:crcis in Air Fora:
files to mdic::ue tile potcmiai existence oi such recorcis within DOE ch:mncis. however.

11
7hcJ\lr ForcctUWQl founa aosonncty no JD 0 1 0 ?PD u~ W " ' l - -~- - - -
i 947. i.:Ivoiveli anv type oi ~ SDa.nnait. T:1is. ci course. IS me am: ci tbis
enure mz=:r. ''?:-o--l.iFO" per:ons wno coram a caey oi this mlDrt. at tiiis pcmt. mast
proDailiy b~ tile ''coVer-up is still en'' c:!3ims.. Nevennei=s. tile tuu:zcil inriic;m:sj
ai:lsoiux:iv no eviciem:e of any Kinci thai a spacesm aasi=i near ilcsweii or ti!at my aiial
oc:amam wen: rec:M:n:li there:l-om. m some secret miiirary opemicn cr otherwise.. This
does not m:an. .imwever. that the emy Air Force was nat ccncauai abom UFOs.
However. in the any ciays. ~L'FO" m=mt Unirimrifird flying Objca. wilicil lit=2iiy
tnn•iarrri as same oiljec in the air tilat was nat r=ii.iy icic:mjijable. It did not m:m. u
the term iw evoivai in tociay' s jangnage, to equa1C to a.iic:n spa hips R=cnZs frmzz me
pcricci revieweci by Air Force :=:arcilc:s as wei! as these citcli by tile IUlilcrs m• iii ioao i
beicr:. tic inriicne that the USAF ~ scriousiy con• e• ncci abom tile inaDiiity to
adeauateiy iriem:iiy unmwm tiying ciljcas re;IOrtl:C in American airspace. All the
re=rus.. hcweYer. inriicnea that the iccus of CODa:m was nat en aii=s hcstiie or
otherwise. but en the Soviet Union. Many ciocmm•nn from tim pcrioci speaic to the
possiiliiitv oi deveiopm:mai secret Soviet alrcra:it oveniying US airspace. This. of CO&A....
wu of Imior ron m to the iic:dgiing USAF. whose )OD it was to protect tncse samuicia.

The re..~ reveai=i cniv one omc:iai AAF doc:umem titai mciicneci that mere was azzr
ac:tr.irv oiany type thai permn=i to UFOs ana Roswell in July. 1947. This was a small
section oi the July Histcnca.i Reo on fer the :S09th Bcnm Group ami Rosweii AAF that
· statea: "The Office of Public i rifonnapgn was quite ilusy ciuring the momn answerizzg
inqlllrics en the 'flying ciisc..' v nicil was reponea to be in pcssr:ssjna ci the :S09th BDIIID
Grcun. The object tum=i cut to be a raciar tndmg ilailcon" (iacindrd with Alch 11).
Additionally, tbis history shcweci that tile .509th Cornmanrier. Cclonei BlaD!=i'3'U, 'IVIIK CD
leave on July 8, 1947. wilicil would be a .scnm:wiw nmnnal mam:uvcr ior a person
invoived in the supposeci
. first ever recoverv. of~ mmcriais. (Den-acrms .claim
Bl.ancnarci did this as a nicv
. . to eiude the nress -
. anci szc to the sc:= tc ciirect the ~.
onermcnsi. The history arui the monung reporu also silow=i that the sui!Seauc:nt
::-.:.~:::s at Rosweii durin!; tne month were mcstiv mnnriane anri net indiarivc of any
unusuai hi;h levei a.atviry. e:rn::nciirure ci manocwer. resources or se::unrv.

l..iUwlse. the rcsearcilers icunc: no indication cf hcighten=i activity anywilere eise in the
miiiwv hienrcizy in the Juiy, 1947. message U?.ffic: or crciers ito inciude ciusmed udc).
There were no inriinrions arui ".lllUllings. notice cf aiens.. cr a higher tempe ci CJlC a' i• 'hi'
aaivity reponed that would be logically ge:u:n::cd if an alien cr.at. whose imc:miom 'M:r'C
unitncwn. ea:e:eci US temtcry Tc believe-that suci1 cpemicrml ami bigh-ievei securily
aaivity cauiri be ccnQnacC soieiy by~ or. unscaucci teles "l'''''''nicarions or
pencnal cnnma without cu:atiag any recoul£ cf such activity cen:ainiy sueu:i:l= the
imaginuicn of those witc have servee in the miiitary wito iaiDw that pape: wo~ of some
kinci is ne i' v to accomoiish even emc:t ge:!Cf. highly classjfieri or stmitivc taSks.

An eJ>lltl4lie of aatvny sometimes citeci by pro-tJFO wm=: to illustme the ooint that
scmetiling unusuai was going en was the mtvei of Lt. GI:Deni Nathan Twining,
Ccmmanrier cithe N.r Matt:l'lei Ccmmanci. tc New Mexico in July, 1947. Ac:maily,

12
reccras ~ ioc:az= iDriicanng tru11 Twining wem: to me Beam Ccrmmnocr.. ........... - ..,._
july 8. along witil a mmmer or other gcncrai effie:::. a:m n:::u=tea oruc:s to cio so a
momilbeiDm. on june~. l947(Atcn 14).

Simiiariy, it has a.iso bc=n ailcgcri that Geneni Hoyt Va.nriczm~ Demny Chici of Stmat
the time. iwi bc=n invoiveC ~ activity~ evems at .R.osweii. Activity
f"C!'DlU {Atdl 15), loc::mai in Gcllerai Vancj•nbeg's pesonai D~ stareri in the Library
of Ccn;n:ss. liid. inriimc tim on July 7, h: was imsy with a "fiyinJ riisc" inciriem=
howeVer this l'micular inc:Uicm invoiveC fllingmn rteid. Tcxu azui the Spoiwlc
\VI•shinspnni D~ Aftermucil riisnrssi= uuiiuitu••••'"'D ~an tilis inciri=. it
wu icanzeri to i:lc a iloax. ~is no simii•r merzricn of his l'=scmai im==t or
invoivcmcm in R.osweii ev=ms c:ccc:;Jt in the ~~ewapapcn.

The ail~ are em two small enamics that intiimc that if some~ qCftCii that wu
one of the ~ ha;pcnin!JS" in lwmm ilisicry, the US miiiwy cettainiy rcs=ci in
an unccnmnai ami cavaiicr mznner. In an aauai case. the miiiwy wouid have iwi to
orcicr tnonsancis of sokiicrs ami ainnan. net oniv at Rcsweii but throu~t the US. to act
:1oncnaiamiy, pmellli to ccnriua ana teocr.: mrsjnm as uswU. azui gClltlate a.Dsoiuteiy no
paperworic of a zumiciaus llliWre. wiliic simuiianeousiy am>c:il mjug ti1at twenty years or
more into the futun: P=l'ic wouici have avaiiable a comp1 eil=sive Frecricm of
lnicnnat10n Act that wouUi give tilem 'lfCI! leeway to review ami cxniorc goveu:mtm
docu:mcms. Th: ae:amis inriicalc that none of this~== (or if it c!Ui. it was ccntrolicd
by a sc:curity sym:m so Cllil:itm anri tight that no one. US or othcrwisc. has bc=n able to
d~licatc it siDcc. If suci1 a system iwi bc=n in cifcct at the time. it would have also bcm
uscci to protect our atOmic secrc:s from the Soviecs. wilich history has silowcri cbviousiy
was not the case}. The recut as revieweci COluituteri that no suci1 SOl'ilisrimeli and ·
efficient security synem existed.

WHAT TilE ''ROSWEll INCIDENT' WAS

As previousiy ciisOISS=i. what was ori~v !'e!'Oflcrl to nave cc:n rceovercri wu a

balloon of some son. usuailv ciesamed as a ·'weather balloon.·· althcu~ the majority of
the ~e Ut:at was ultiu'.ateiy ciimlaycd DY Generai ~ ami Major Marc:i in the
famous photos {Au:h 16) in Ft. Worth. wu that of a rariar~ normally SUSDcmicclfrom
balloons. This nliar target disomcti in mm detailiazer, wu wtainiy consistcut with
the dcso4>cicn of Iuly 9 nC\VSl'lll'Ci' lllticic "'mich riismncti "tinfoil. paper. tal'Co ami
sticks." Aciditionaiiy, the tiesa iuticn of the "flying disc" was ccusistell!' with a do1COIII"=!t
routineiy usee by most pro.UFO writers to mtiimc a COUSl'ilacy in progress-the tc!egnlm
from the Dallas FBI office of Iuly 8, 1947. This cioonn=t quotai in ~aruwcs: ."..!be
dis: is ben!J""'i in • c ami was ~cmied from a balloon by a c:abic.. wilich baUoan
was apptoxim•lciy twenty feet in ciia:mcter.... :he aDject founri rcscmilies a nigh altiDJCA
·,;,-cati::: balloon with a ratiar rcilector.... disc :uui balloon beim; ~oncci. .. "

Simiiariv,
. wilile ccntiuc:tinsz- the coouiar
. . literamrc review. one of the tiocu:mcnu rcvieweci
was a paper em:iticd "The Rosweil Evems" editcri by Fred Whiting, anci soonsored by the

13
 ?unci fer urO R==rcn tR.i'FORt -~~ lt was nat tne cn¥imi imc:mcn to CCTT!!T!em
on wna1 r:cuu:uc cui ll11tl1CtS mtc:m::::: or r=?jmc:: tiut ctner tlc:n~S SUtlJ'CScliiv sa1li.
.this llarticuiar cicnrmem was ciiiic=:t Decm'se it coritaineri a.cnW ~ ai apparawy
aumc:mc sworn affidaviu r~ from a lllmliler ci Dcrscm wilD ciaimcri tc ilzw same
kncwtcd;c ci the ~ c:vem. Altho~ many of the persons who providcri these
ai!idavns tc the FUFOR rcscarci1ers aiso cxu1 e:sscU opmicns tim til:y titcu;in there wu
somcrmng c:wauuesaw abaut this inciriem a mmmer cf them ammi!y dcsccilcd
mascril.is tim scwuicd SUS!licicusiy like ~ ircm callocns. These im=inried the
felloW~~~¥=

Jesse A. Marc:i. MD Csen of the iale Major Jesse Marcci; 11 years aid at the time oi the
inciricm 1. Affida.vit dated May 6, 1991 . " ... 'Ihcft were tilr= t:atqOI i.:s of debris: a
thick. foil like mcmilic grzy 51•Dsrance· a britde. brcwnisil-black piasric·likc materiai. like
B •keii•e· ami then: wen: ~ of wiw: ~c:rcci tc be I-bcams. On the imler suri&=
oi the 1-bcam. there appesrm tc be a type of W1"it:ing. This wriliDg was a purpic-vioicr
hue. llllli it iwi an cmi2osscci ~pcar.mc:. The ~ wen: composed cf curved.
zcomcmc snmcs. It bali no f'CSCIU)iance to Rusmn Ja.mmcsc
- . . other fcreilZil
or 11JV -
:an~e. lt rccmDicli hi:rcg~ypilics. out a iwi nc animai-iikc cilar.lc:tc. .. :·

Lorena Procter I fermer neighbor of rancncr W.W. Brazcil. Affidavit ciawi May 5, !991.
: ..Bmct came tc my rancn anti showed IT':'! imsbanci anti me a piece of materizi he saili
came from a large pile of c:bris en the PrDl'CI'tY he ~cd. The piece ne brou~ was
brown in coicr. simiiar tc plastic... '!.he' s:Ud the other mmcriai on the prcpcny looked
like ajumjmzm foil. It was verv t1cxiilie anc: wcuidn't ausi1 or bum. There wa.s also
scmcririn; ne dcscriilca as ~e wilicn i1ad p1ilning on it. The coiar of the printing was a
kimi. of purpic.....

Bessie Braze! Schrcmer td:wgittcr oiW.W. Bruct 14 years old at the time cfthe
incidenn Affidavit datca 5emcmt:cr 1:. 1993 .. ".. The debris ioolccd.like pieces of a laric
oailcon whicil .iwi bum. :·~e plCCCS Wl:f'C :mali. Ule largest i rem=nccr mcasur.n; :i:cut
:he same as the ciiamcrcr ot a bmctilall. Most of it was a icind of doueie-sicica matcr.ai.
foil-like en one side anti ruilccr-iike on the ether. Both sicics Wl:f'C g~Ayish silver in cclcr.
the foil more silvery than ti•e rucbcr. Stic:kl.like Ieite sticks. were :amrncd to some of the
pieces with a wilitish Wle. The ~e was at.cut two or three inches wide anti had flo'MI'·
like dcsi~ en it. The 'flowers' Wl:f'C faint. a v:aricry of pastci cciors. ami reminded me of
J~ncse r:aiminp in wilict the flowers arc nat all t1'111T!ertcri I do nat rcc:aii atiY other
types of m:ateriai or IIW'iciru;s. nor do I rcmdiWer seeing gouges in the grcunci or atiY
other signs thal ~ may have i1it the ground bani. The foil-rubber mmriai ccui4 nat
be tom iikc oniinary ajnmir:um fuii can be tom. .. ~

Sally Strid:fanri Ta.daiini ineighbor orWW Btazc~: nine years aid in 1947). Affidavit
datell Se:ncrnDer 27. 1993 .. " .. What Bill shewed us was a oiece of what l still think as
It
fabric. was scmctilinst iike aiuminum foil. somcrmnq iike. satin. somcrhinst iike wcil-
- - -
tllllllcli ie31iler in its toultilnMS..
- vet . like a.nv. one of those matcriais. .• .It
. was not Drccisciv
.

~~
·.~~as accut me tilicimcss
ci very tine iocisiWl g~cve t=m= :ma ;;. :.;:;il m::-..:uiz ~:t\llsn siiver.
one stcic ~ a.a:xcr man me omer. I :io not re:nc:noer :t havtng anv aCSl~ or
. . "
emooSS~Z~g en lt.•.

Robert it Porter iB-29 flight E:lginc-..r SWICncli 21 Rosweti in i 9471 .:..ffidavit ci3lcli
June i. !991. ." .. On this occasion. I was a mcnmer oithe cr::w wilic:il flew cans ofwiw
we w~ told was a ilying S?"cer to Fort Worth. The pcapie on i:Joarti inciucec ......a .Mai
Jesse Marcci. Cam. William .C.••~en saili it was ircm a thin~~: saucer. .-'\ftcr we
artMa. the m=riai was~ to a B-25. I was tcid they~ gcmg tc Wrigm
Field in Dayten. Ohio. i was u1voivcli in icariing the B-29 witil the nwcnai.. wilicil was
waappca in pacicagrs witil.~ing paper. O:u: of the picc=s was triJn¥jc-siwlcci. abOUt
:?. 112 f= acnm the bcncm. The rest were in smail pacnga abom the size cf a shoe
box. The brtJWD paper was hcid with ~r:. The ma=W was ecaemeiy iighrweigin:.
When i picit=i it up, it was jUSt like pi~ up an~ paciage We loaded the aizu!Pe
shmca. . - ami thn:: silce bcx-sizcl:i oa.Wstcs
oaciaii:C . - into the nianr:.
. . -
All of the naciaii:CS
couil:i have lit ima tile trU%1k of a car. ... When we came back from iunci1. thcv toid us thcv
had tr:micn= the materiai to a B-2.5. Tncv toid us tile mau:riai was a wwncr balloon.
out l'::: c:erwn it wun· t a weatncr i:Jailoon... "

ln a.ciciition to those persons ailove still living who ciaim to have seen or e:amin::i the
.arigi!W rrwcriai fourui on tile Erazei Rancn. there is one a.dditionai person wito was
universally acimowiedgcci to imve i:Jecn invoivcci in its rcccvery, Shcrician Cavitt. Lt CoL
USAF. (Ret). Ca:vitt is crcciitcd in ail claims of having a• cnw!'4.0icciMa,ior Marcci to the
ranch to recover the debris. sometimes aiong w.th his Coumc:r Imclligcncc Corps (CIC)
sui:Jortiinate. William Rickett. who, like Marc:i. is dcceascci Althaugi1 there docs not
appe:r to be much dispute that Cavitt was invotvcci in the mmeriai rcccvery, other ciaims
about him prevail in the popuiar litermuxc. He !.s sometimes portnyeci as a cioscci-rncuUI.
(or sometimes even sinister! conspimor wile was one of the =riy inciiviciuais who kept
:he .. ~~-e. cfRosweil" from ge:ting out. Other thin~ ail cut .i1im nave been aiiegcci.
mc:iuciing me ciaim tnai he wrore a ret:ort oi the mcicicnt at me time :!:::: ::::: :::ver
sumcc:..

Since L: Col Cavitt. who had first-nand knowicagc, was still alive. a decision was made to
imerv~ew ilim and get a signed sworn statement from iUm ailout his venion of the C'Ycna.
Prior to the imcmcw. the Secn:wy of the Air force provided him with a written
a!llhcri::aDcn ami waiver to r:iisolSs classified in:omwion with the imcmewcr and release
him from any security oatil he may have taken. Subsccucntiy, Cavitt was imcrviewea on
May 24. 1994, 21 his home. Cavitt prcvidcci a s'gncci. sworn statement (Atcil. 17) of his
rcccilccticm in this mmer. He also c:onsc:nu:Q to having the imcmcw upc-recorcicd. A
t1'1IIISC:npt of tha% n:caniing is at Atch 18. In this imc:vicw. Cavitt re!atcci that he lwi bCCil
contaCicd on numerous oCCISions by UFO r~ ami had wiiiingiy taikeQ with mmy
oi them; however.. h: f:!t t."..zt he bad oftentimes been miszep:tescmed ar had his tt"'"''fl"'
taken out cf c:cmcxt so that their true meaning was changed. He statca unCQUivocaily,
however. ti'.:n the materiai he recovcrcci consisted of a rct1ective sort of matcriai 1ilce
alwninum foil. and some thin. ba.mbco-iike sticks. He thougxn at the time. :md c:cm:inueti

!S
 :o ao sa waay. tnat Wlll1 ne mwm was a wdWICt DJ"onn ....... -.. - - - -·-~­
:-==s:rc=smu.. F.:aiso aemmaca fuuiitur- a smaii "bWXDDx'., typeciiw:u•••••rs••
.
wilici1 he~ at till:_ tim= was~ a nriiosrmrie Lt Col Cavin aiso rmewm till: ·
iamausRII=ytMan:ei pilctngrzpils iAld116) oitlu: ~UE= taFt. Worm (nil=
ciaimeO by \JFO rescarci1crs to nave D=z swiu:i=i ami the seun "'• of a b21laon
suimimrcri fer it) ami be ia.....mca the mm:riais ciepicrcri in those piJDtas IS amsisem.
with the wia.is tbat be~ from till: nDCi1. Lt Col Cavin aiso 'R'atcd tbat be lwi
never- a= my ouil or signeci my ag~ t 111 DDt ta uik about mis inriri= mci bali liCftr ·
beaz$ ; byauyuueintbeguua••••n>•• D • •seaiit. H=cWiDDtcvmCmviW
... inciricm" 'WU ciaizneri to be~ nnnqpj umii he wu im=viewai in me eariy
1980's.

Simiiariy, Irviq Newum. Major. USAF. (Ret) was iomcri ami im='viewai. Newam wu
a weather nilil= nssi@Dcd tO Fort Worth. wito wu DD cimy witaa me .Rmweii ddlris wu
sem there in July, 1947. He was told that be wu 10 ~to Gc:ncni ~'s office m
view the nmeriai. In a signed. swam sraremenz iAld1.30) Newton mated that .".1
wailccd into the Gc=rzi' s office ~-n~ Ulis ~oseci i!yiDJ U"cer was iying all owrtiu:
iloor. As soon as i saw it. I giggicci ami asUt:i if that was me ilying uncer ...l told th=l·
:hat uu.s wu a balloon ami a. .R.A\VlN taz¥Ct.-" ~eMnn aisa sratr:ri that .·· .. ·.viliic I was
~ me cicCris. Major Man::c was pici:ing up pi==:s of the~ stici:s ami tryiDs
to convince me timt some notations on the sricia ~ aiicn writinp. ~were n~
on tile sncXs. Ia.vernier or pink in coior. appear=i to be weather iad=i ~ with 110
rilyme or reason (s:c). He dili net ccnvince me that these were aiial ~-· Newta~~
ccncindcd his srn""'C"' by rciariny that." ..DurinJ the ..,.;ng years I haw aeen
ime:vicwcd by mmy ambon. I have been quoted ami misquoted. The iiu:s r=aDz IS
indicaxcri above. I was not influenced durizlg the originli imc:ninr, nortociav, to pzuvilie
azMilinsz
. - inn witat 1 know to be rmc. that is. the mueriai I saw in G~ RameY's . ciii=
.
was the rcm~ins ei a ba.iioon ami a RAWIN taz'!Ct,"

Ballcon itl:scan:il
The on~ tasicim; from GAO neteci that the scarcn for iniommicn inciudc.J "weamcr
. balloons.~ Ccmmcms about balloons and saicry 1epons have aircaay been nwic. hawwer
the SAF/AAZ rucuc:h effortS a.isa focmcd on reviewing ilisroricai zcconis involving
-
balloons. sine:. amtmsz ether r=sons thn was wilat was officially. ciaimcri bv. the AM to
have been foumi and~ in 1Q47.

As c:riy as Fcbnm'y 28. 1994, the MZlJ rcsean:u team ictmci rdeenc:s to t:a.iioon tcm
• taking pia= at Alamaynnio AM (now Hollomm .AFB) ami White Sands during JUDea
July 1947. t=iag ..cnnsram lewi balloons'' ami a New Yori: U.aNessiq (NYt.i')IWUIOil
Labs emm that usee "... rn=L'Ort)iOIZical devices ... stom==i for deiO I iusz shock Wft'CS
genemcci by Sovicr m•cle:~r expiosi~ns'' -a possii:de indimion of a~~ associmri
with the NYU balloon project. Suil5=!uenriy, a i946 HQ AMC mcznnrmri••m wu
s1.ll'Z3cc:i.. de:scriilin¥ the ccnmm altitude balloon project ami srcciiir:ri thn the scicmific
daia. be ciassiiicd TOP SECRE'!Prierity lA. Its name was Project Mogul CAld119).

16
 Prtneet Mo@Ui was a UIC!Measzave.naSS'I!m ann=:t. wm=o ....... _
the ·swc oi Soviet mmi=r wemcms 1eeucil. This was me =riv Cold War pcnoa m
ti=e was serious • a d 4- witiUn til= us gO\ a I I I I 'f I h aDaur. til= Soviea cic:ftiaoirlg a
I I II

weawui:wi "omic li=vic:. B=c!!!sc tile Soviet Uni='s bonil::s waecioseri th: US
Gov.a•¥ 1 scnqp: to ci:veiaD a iona ranm: m!ciear emicsiOD Qerecrinn ~ty. Long
1 1' ' "

~ oall.oOD-Oorm:.low ~ ~ aete I ion.was posai to Gem:rai Spam: m

1945 by Dr. .Miuric=E~ ofCohnnitia Univ='sity as a pcnemiai soinrian \amm~iu lie
ancring oilow ~~waves iwi be= Wlciieri as ariy as 1900).

As pan of the 1ucazcil imo this mmcr. AAZD t-asu1ilid !acme IUIIi obtaizlcii the
originai. stWiy paperuDii a:puas of the New Yorlt Ullivc:rsity p1ojeu:. !hc:ir-afon:s aisa
rewaied that san= oi the imiiWiuais invaiwciin Projcc:t Mogui were stiii livin~ These
pasons inc:inderi the NYU e-c '""''" airinuie bailoan Di&CiCWi afl.esarc:iL Dr. Aihetuzn.
F. Spiiha,s· the P:oje:t Enyinrcr. Professor Charles B. Moon:: ami tbc mijjmy Proje:t
Office'. Cclonci .Alben C. Trakowsici .

All of til= tldSOW wen: suilscnucmiv lmet'Vicweci IUUi sir;aei .swom swam::nu aDOUt.
:ner a.aMtic:. A copy of theses SWetnems arc ~ 11 A1Ch 20-ZZ- Additionally,
:..-msc:ma of the 1ntcmew with Moure ami Traitcwsxi are aiso jnr:jugeri { ~
maiiuncoonc:C during tile inu:rv1ew of Soiibausi (Ald1.2J-~.;). These intet'Views couiitmei
:hat Project Mo!PJi was·a COm1Janmcmed.. s=sirive c:Ucrt. The NYU grouo was
rcsponsiille for ci~ conscmt levei ball.ooas al2li tel:meu:rin; tqt:ipmau that wouili
rCmain 11 spt' iiiai aitimries iwithi:n tbc aamsric duct) while a grgup from Columbia wu
to deveion accustic SdiSOt'S. Doacr Spilhm" P:ofcssw Moore. aDd a:nain othm of tile
g:rtJUP were aware of the acrmi pur;tasc of tbc l'l'Die:r. but th=y ciid mn lalow of the
project nickname II tb: time. They hamilai casnai inquiries amiJor scit'¥ 1ii1c.
inauiricsinaa=s
. . . -
in terms of"unciassriiei m==noloR'iai or ballocm :ucazcil. . ~ewiv. .
ft

hire!l emniayecs were nut rrwie aware that tbcr: was anvthin; spec:W or citssificd abOUl
their woric: they were told oniy that their wori: dealt with meu:c,.oio~cai eauipman.

.-'Inativanc:c ground t=m. led by Alben P. Crary, prea:ci=d the NYU grm1a to
Alamogordo AM. New Mexial. setting up growui s~ ami obtaining iaciiitics ior the
· NYU gnnm. Upcm their anivai. Professor Moore ami his team e:xpaimc:meci with various
con:iigumions ofncuptdle balloons; cievetOl'lnctt ofbalioon "tnins~ (see i~
AU:h 2!); a11tanmic ballast symms: ana usc of Navai s,,noinloys (as the Wwonlab
accusticai SCD:SUn lwi nut ya aniver:i). They aisa laum:nei wba they c:a.llai "savic:c
iligbu." These ·'savic:: ill~" were nut loggeci ncr fully a• II"'H' for in thepuMsberi
• Tectmicai Re;lu1a gcueuuei u a rauil oftbc c:uuaac temecu NYU ami WatsCn Ubs.
Aa:crciing to P:oftiit 1r Moore. the "savic:: iligbu'' were c:uuzposei ofballoons. radar
rCile:tors and payioads S!leriiically dcsiguei to tcs1 ac:mmic s '"' (both eariy
sonobuoys ami the lmr W115011 Labs devices). The "payioari ~nipmcm" was txf" ' d•hle
and some c:.-nei no "REW ARDft or "REn.JRN TO ••• " tap be ense U=re was to be no
assocW:iun b~ these ili~ and the loggeci coasw1t altimcie iiigitts which wen: fully
acialowieci;c:C. The NYU balloon ili;hts were iisleci s~ in their reportS (i.e..

17
 .-1...8. l.!.O.,J.,2f.lLl" :-.• ~ yc. ~ CXJVMl ...,.. ~ ... ~- , - - --;..
Pt oiessor Maare mriicnM that me: PtD were me umogca .,..se2'YICC iiigizts ;I

- ..
ProfdSLit Moore. til= an-see= Pro_ier: E.,gin=•. gave Q=:rierl imiJz•••a•ina o•• 1141gb:is
team s emu tso He rcaiied tim l3liar wgc:s wen: us=i fer nciimr Dailacms o "'* =r
did net ilaw aildl= ae e:iary ~ipii!ii"' witm W:y Dnt arrivaiinNew Me:xicc. Sa:meai
the e:my cicvciu!'"" "''; raciartaq=s were"''""''' o" c4 by a my or mwr:iry '"*'"'!'AiiJ.
TheseliZI=S wen:macie up oi a!wuj""m "foil" ormii~·ri;rri paper. Dalla woaG berm
tlm wen=- c1 · , . . , ; in an "Elm=' s-rype" glue tO cninrnce Weir cimaDili1y, •cmn= UJtjjor ciadl
1ciniui ciag ~ siz1P smma .ami briUieC zzyiDD twi=. brDs ~eias ma swiYeis te zbrm a
mui:D-ii.c=i ittle !Pi ~Wilu rimiiariD P""lii" •inn ID &baxKire(seepi:latagn:pils..
A1ch 26). Sozm: ailhf:se wgas Wfft aisa, \Jeri wiril ~~with
symilois on it (see Gr.lwing ey Moen with Au:h 21).

Aa:o~ to the log summary (Atch 2!J of the NYU group, Fligbt A thrcugD Flight 7
(No.. emiJcz 20. 1946-July 2. 1947) WCZ'e maGe with r.e£¥t11iii mere II uio!!icai baiiOODI (U
O!lPOSei tO tile ilw:riii~ ITWie witil poiyeti:M=: i:lailoousa. Ptaft:sscz Moon: smed .
:hn UIC nlitl\)1 me Daiicons were SUSCCZitiiUc tO ~ in tile mmjjgitt nmzin¥ in:lm a
miikv wnitc to a c:iuk brown. He ciescni:leci iinciing lf!"&ii!S oi balloon ll2ins with
r"licaon .ami payioacis tim iwi lancieci in tbr: ci=:n: tbr: ~ami shre:il:i=i rmptw:
wouid "a lmcS% look like liarX gray or black fi.akes or ames mer~ to tile sun iDr
· oniy a few ciays. The piasrinzm ami amnxiriams in the ncupamr wauid emit a p=sfiar
a.aUi ocior ami the balloon mzt=W ami miar tlll'8= wiai wauid be scmctei ahr
1e:wtui:ug to emil ~ on tbr: smiAce wiDds." Upau reriew oi %he locai newspaper
photograpils ircm G==ni ~' s press t1 ili!i 1m in 1947 IZKi descziptions in popui:a
books by imiiviciuals who :swposedly hmriled Ill= cidlris recavereli on W: rm:iz. P1• •G • "
Moore opined tbutb=mm:nai \1/U mastiibiythe sbraicl=iii>ll'i"' afa~-nwpze:e
balloon train witit tmzitiplc l3liar m'iecmrs. The mm:riai ami a "black t:ox." desameli by
Cavin. was. '" Moore's scicmmc: c!'Uiion. maS% prcbahly frDm Fli¢n 4. a "sczvicz: iligilt"'
:~z ;.-:::!:.::iC: :1. cyiiruiric:ai mc:ai sonocuav ami nonions of a weari=r in::mmlczn iloused in
a cox. which was nniike typic:ai weamer raaicsonaes wilic:h were maae •Jt cutU~Oani.
AdJ:!itionaiiy, a c:opy oi a proicssionai jourmi. mainrnineri at the time 0y A.P. Crary,
pi"DVVcied to the AU Fore:: cy iUs wiciow. shaweci that Flight 4 wu l.umr.i1ed on june 4,
1947. but wu net n:ccverm 0)' the NYU gnnm. It is vety ptabable tb:.t1 this TOP
SECRET proJect baiicon tr3in iFligiii 4), macie up oi •mcianjjjed CDUl!'Uncms:: c:IDIC tO
rest some mi.= DDnhwest ofRosweil NM. becvn- sizn:ddeci iD U= surW:e winds a v.-u
ulrimneiy foumi by tbr: rancil:r. Brcz:i.. tm ~ lau:r. This po,jiajiiry was suppuned lr7
the oDservmi:ms of Lt Col Cavin (Atch 17-1 &), tbr: oniy living c:yewimcss to the acmai
• debris lichi ami the mmrial founci. Lt Col Cavitt dnnmeci a smailarea. of debris wilich
~==-"to 1 ••ide bamDoo type S1!W1fC sticb onequanerte onebalfiDcilsqume. U.
w= very ligin. as well as same sort oi mmmc rcrle 'ing nwwial tha wu also wry light
... 1 remrmOc:- sccuguiziug this nwerW as bciDg cao•iaeoc with a we~~Eiza"Dailoan"

Co~ the inmai anncun=nCilt. "RAM C~ Flying Disc." r cit faii=i to

locatC any ciocumemeci evicicnc:e as to wny that srnemem was macie. ~. on July

II
 ~0. 1947. follo~w:lU.IIlCV pr=s co~-·-·-~~ _
3l1lCie with~Jiunamauits
. - 111m: sm= icc;mnn
- . ciCIDOilS!r.lmm- rmnrinie i:Wiccns am1 wrm
as tile NYU gnnm ~from at AlamciCfUC AAF. P.oii:sscr Moan: excic:ssai
~ 11 s=ing tilis siuce ilis. was rile aniy balloon test ~ in th= sr=. Be smeri ~­
appc:rs tila:t there was some type of umilreii& cover Story to p1 otea cur WC1'X with
Mc!NL."
- -
Althcwzil the Air Fon:e tiici net fuui ®nnnemea eviciem:c tila:t Gen. iWz=v. wu
direc:t=i tQ ~ & WaUJer i:lalloan in Dis press I i II I id diCCo h= mzy nave Cane S0
bcnl!Se h= wa rili=r aware ofP~= Magui ami wu tr1inJ te drflm iaw=t iramit. or-
he n:miily pecciwa th= mmmi ta be a wamcr calloCJl caseci an th= iacmiiiari'm iraat-·
his waaiu:r oDic:r. ~ Newton. In citiJ.er case. the 1smeiais rt=thet:C by thc·AAF in
July, 1947. Wlift DDt r=ii1y i"C:Ct'!!"in"ie u anytilinJJ spcc:W {aniy tb= pui'!'QSt: was
spcciai) 1D1i me n=caven:ci debris iucifwu uncinsiiieri Mdiricmaiiy, the~ lizoppoL
its intctal in the Ii••••er as quicidy as tbey had~= en it. H==. the:'ewouid be 110-
panicuiar u~ason to further cianrmcm will% quU:idy bccam= a "nan-e-o em."

The imcrview with Co1cnci Trakawsici {Atc:l .U .:z.;) a.l.sc proved valuable initlrmmicm..
Trakowsici pmvilied mccmc dc:Wis an Project Magui ami descrmeri bow tile scn:it:v fer
the program was set Uti. as nc was ionmriy tile TOP SECP..ET Com:rci Officer i'or the --
pre~ He funhcr i"CWCC1 til31 mmy oi the on~ t2liar ~ tila:t were prociuc=i
around the cmi of World War ii WCI'e i".abric:ateei by toy or naveity camp:lliCS min! a
pfJr1'iisil-pinic ta;JC with flower and heart symbols on tt. TnU:awsici also r=oumcd a
c~on tha1 he l:wi with his iriCilCi.. me superior miiiwy officer in ilis c:iWn of
commt1nri Colonci Man:cilusDuftY, in July, 1947. Dufty, furiiidiy lwi Tralanvsici's
positian on Me~ but l:wi suilscqucm!y bt:ei ~ tc Wrig!n field.· He sweri:
.'"_. Calanei Duffy cailcd me on the rcienhanc from WrisiJt field IDii gave me a story abaut
a fellow thall:wi came in frt:m New M=icc woke him up in th= middle of the 1li3bt ar
some such thm! with a nanrifid of debris. and W'ID%t:U him. Colcmei Dufi'y, to idemify it.
...Hejust said 'it sur= looks like some oithe StUlfycu·vc Ot:Cil ia,mcfting ai Alamcianio'
a.t:.ci he cicsccileri it. and 1 saUi 'yes. 1 think it is.' Ccrrainiy Colonei Duffr knew CftDU¥h
;u.·out ratiar tar¥&:-.s.. :-:ciosonaes.. b:illoon-oome weamcr acv;ces. He was intimatciy
:·a:niiiar with all that appanms. ·

~ were ma.cie to iowe Colonci Dwt:t but it was a..scerWnoi that ne lwi di=i. His
w;dow cxpiaizled that. a.lthcu~ he iw:i ama:seci a large amoum ofpcrscmai papcn rdh!i"!'
tc Dis Air Force acMties. she iw:i reccmiy disposed of these items. I..ikcwlsc. it wu
lem1cci that.A.P. Cra:ywu also d==scd· r.owever his survMilg spouse iwia IIIZIIIbcraf
hi> papcn from iUs balloon testmg days. indnriing his pmibsjoaai jaumai inmz the period
in question She provided the Air Fora: r=:an:izcrs witil this mau::iai... It is ciisnmeri in
•
more detail within Alch 32. Ovcnil. it h~ fill in~ o(the Mop! story.

D~ the period the Air Force conduced this res=rcil. it wu ciiscavemi that sewn!
othm iwi also discovert:C the tlossiilility that the "Roswell Inca=" may haw be=
&CUClm:d. by the recovery oi a. Project Mogw balloCJl cicvic:. These p-::ur:s inclnderi
Professor Charles B. Moore. Raben Todd. anci c:cinciri,.,.,.uy, Karl Pflocic.. a. xcsc:an:iliit
who is married to a swit:r wno worics for Cor.g1• '"ili•n Scbi:ti Some of these ~=SOAS

19
 pravuia:i !''iii "" as tc wncn: noamCT!!"!'PD" ~ gc 11.1-.:..--.- ·-- --
himm= amilibrmes.. A reYiew oi'Frennm ciiniw••'H''tm Act !FOIA) itu''**'' n:v=uai
thatltcbc:n Todd. pzrCcuiariy, iwi be• ••ne aw.n: or.· Pf"'J:ctMc~ s:wftl yean ~¥DIZIIi
bali dogctiiy oinlm=:i from me Air Fore:. ~the: F'OIA. a. jjqc 11!T!D!zm ci nnzai.
pa• H!!liog to it; iong cc:Dr: me AAZD ~ ~ sCz::i on tile same
possiciiitv·

Most ~. as this rc;:ort wu acing wrim::l1. Pfict% ~·noiisbr:i bis own I t;:JUXL ci
this mmcrumic:rme msrriccs ufFUFOR.. enririal "Roswai in.i?aspcaivc·· (1994).
Pflo!X cnm:jnrjed irom Dis rc::snncil that tne Brzzci .R.mcn cicCris urigimiiv I eponcai IS a
"fi)ing ciisc" wu ~ debris frcm a Mcgui ballocm: ilUW~~YU. th:re was •
Wnnitanenus inririem tim ca::mzai DDt 12r awaY tiJ3l r:zzzs=i aD aiiCD c:zit to a3Si1 ami
.'
that me AM ,..;, . •=iy ra:cven:ci thr= aiiCD ouaies ~ Ajr Fur= rcsean:A ciili
not locm: my iniwawi.:ln to CUmlDomc tim this inc:r-r:iib1e amc;,;.....,. uccmTcai.
b.av=.

In orucr to mmric a mer: ac:::•ied di.somnon oi the :mccillc:s ofP~ea Mogw ami haw
1t aoo~ to cc ciir=::cv J"CSDonsiilic ior the "Rosweii Icciricnx ' a SAF/AAZO rcsean:Zicr
p~ a mer: omiied disO'snon on tnC oalloon Oftl1ect wilici1 is mpemicai to tiUs
re;rort as Atch .3 :Z..

Other .R.cscarci1
In 1he ''!C""?t to dcveiop aricii•ionai inimmmicn tim couid help cxpiain this an==-. a
llllmbcr oi otb=r m= ~ ta.ic=l... FII'St. assimm= was l"e:f''r:sTeri from various arnnrtnns
ami othl:r arti:lives IAlch 2!) to obtain inicro'd'ion amilor ......m;ncs ufthl: acmai ba!IM!!!
ami raliar ~used in amnecrinn with Projea Magui ami to c:orrcSae them with the:
vu:ous d~of~c and ma:u::iais r:dM:f'di.. The biue;nim:s ior me "Pilot
Balloon r~ MU07c:tAP Assembly" (gczrericzlly, the: ram wgc: anmr;) were
loa..ted at the A1"mr Sig:nai Ccf!ls Museum at Fort Monmouth ami omin=i.. ;, ccey is
app·:::aca as AU:Il .:;:; . r nis ciuetmm orovidcs tne :mc::=o:-.. cr. ior the roii In3:;eriai. tatiC.
wonci.. eyeim. ana Sf1in; used arui the mmraiy inmuaicns theme. All acw:i cim=
was aiso ci:n::indi fer stUdy with the :ssimnce ci PI oic:ssw Moore. (The cxampie
acu-.ally proo:zr=i was a 19 53 -llWIW2aur=i model "C" as ~an:ri to the: Maciel B
whicilwasinuscin 1947. Pioiessct Mocr:rciucdthl:cillfi:::rmwen:miaml. An
eJ h!iiii!!TiOI' of this cicvicc n:veaieci it to be sim¢y made ci a!nmjmnn-culcr=i ioil-likc
nm-:ri:.i over a SUD4!d papcr-iiice mm:ria1. amched to ba1a wooci srirics affitcr.i with
upt, giuc. anci twine. Whaa opened. the cic:vicc appems IS ddlicrerl in Atch .3:
(~pboto) ami Alch2S (1947 pbato. ina "ballcazuram"). Wbdlioicicd.. the
•
device is in a series of trimgics. the ~ being four feet by twa feet tdl inches The
mnriles% ~ ser:rjca measun:s two icet by~ feet t= m. ;,, (Co••p;;aac with
dcsciociOIIS ~rieri by Lt Col Cavitt ami otben. as well as photOs oi ~).

Additionally,. the: n:sean:ilcfs obtained from the Ard:lives of the: Univ=my ciTcxas-
Arlin~;tcn iUTA). a sa ci cri- {i.e. iim gc=:rmioni prim£ oithe pimto~ils Wt=11
the time eythc Fon Wouh Star-Telegmn that cit;:Jicrerl ~ arui Marc:i with the

20
 c:o.sc ~ oi ti:- ::nctDs 1a.~:m a set ci· first J;UClliJCZl n:.. :c: IWJ
·.:."n"C'?'o/ :'.
~ ootlmei ir"cm u"'!'A) rcvemca s:w:raz imemTl!! CD~ - .:-=:. ~
:n some oi th: iiu::mue ate:i Ulcve. Mm::: ;oii'"'!C"iv Stii%CA ~-= iw:i ms :m= tu=
·-"'Ttil ti:: ··r::i·· t.70 \1I1"':CCCJ!C :na ti:::: n wu Pri=m•emiv 1emu* ami ti:: wc:awc
:,aUoon wrec:a.m: S''"s•i•••r= icr It.. a cn•••••mDUDsaaws tn~tm=sm=~
~in me ~nmcs of Marc:: lliU1 iUm:y. Th: p=tCS lisa ciepi• ·-· tbn um m:mw
'JJU r:-iD¥ en wilat 24Jpwu2 tc De some san ciWI&¥S!JUJg ~,-, •'' t''' witil ~
:xmcc ciC":W ciliciPoner. abcves. It was lisa na=. ~m ti:: twa pilatcs ci~
nc: iwi a mecc: ci Dm:r m his ilami. In en:. it wa Mlderi ova' so 110~ amid be - -
[n the ,.,..,..,; ~- til::c acpe:rs to De =a: ¢im=i en m: ~- In an 11 ' . •t to

res.ci this t&:C to·cipt II iiit ccW.cl mea m,' tan:izl:r Ugi: CD ia• ""'$ cia< 11 1 6 Fii'l u eqog
to this h'Hi'tt. th= ;~Dam wu Rm to a "atttm'i ieYe1 W!'' i a;;nn Ji1r ciigjt i I i''H ami
Sl'Psem,rm t1Dam iw:a¥Jtt' e••mz ami anawsis. !1lis atg•••i,••in' waa&sa aKai lD
Sat II tile rijpi•i 2 1 1 j ;~hotcs icr 3DV mriiczrinD aith=iiawerai ~ ior ~hieftJ~M=.,
j11j I t

d~ en th; omm ciview1 thzl wen: n:mneci to De visiDic: to sou= cithc: pc:scus
wnc ccsc:vea the~ pncr tO lt ;emu; to ron Wol'tll. This 01 '1 anita I icn re:tmc:i
:n juiv ZO. ! ~94. tha:L even an:: ::igil!. :w; t:::: ::nctDS·were oiinsnmci....,. auaiitvto
..,sua.Uz: e:uu:r oi the oct" is scu;m ior a:wvszs. T.:Us 01 gdiii r wen was &Die to oown
:r:c::.sure:::::=s ircm the ··mea" •ismic: inti:: cic:Cris a:i:::' n wu u=mun=i i:7v an
:niC'Vlew ci the ong:imi cncto:;n:ncr wnn XUui oi c:am::n ne us=. 1:-u: remits oi tills
;::-rcc::s are nrc'Vlci=i in Atdl33 . .a.icn~ wnil a. 1c:i::m ~ana U:e pilcto 1T:tn wilic::il.
the mc::sun:mc:ms wen: mac:. .:...ll the.sc mca:un::mems. are t:o~ic with th: wocci=
mmcriz.is u.s=ci in ti:: rmar ~ J:mMDUSiy dmilitiii.

CONa.:.·smN
lhe ."'.J! r::n:: :::::Icil ciiti not !O:::::C or cieveioo :mv iniorm:s:cicn tim ;t:: WRosweil
'ncic::-.:. wu·a uro ev=t. _.l.Jl av:ui.ablc: cmcw mm=nzis.. aithcugn they ao not ciir:::uy
l:tircs i.os..veU per se. tr.:uc:: ::o~ ::..: :nest iike.iv sc.,w..-:: == :.~: ~~= r=~
::-::m tn:: 5!7'- .?.men was ircm one oi the i'rc!ect Me~ caiicon u:w.s. Althcu;n tim
;JrD!et:t wu l-op SECltb lt tne tune. ~:-:ere was a.iso no soec:zm: iruiim=n iouna to
mci.iele ::.n cffiC:U p~ianne:J. cover stoty was in pial:c to eTDi:in an C>'ctLL sue:=. as th3t
which ujrjamejy iw:Jpem:ci. It UJ!:IW'S tim til: itiemriimmn oi ti:: ~ as Deitt; pm
oi a weatil.cr ballcon time::. :.s 1eoorceti in til: newspapers u the lim:. wu D:scci en uzc
iac:t :r.:n the:~ was no pilysicai c!iff:rcna: in ti:: nm wgw ami the ~!"""= Dallcom
(other tiW1 t'le mmmers ami cc:lll;ur:monJ bct\1/em Me~ ballcons auli norm:i weazil:r
• balloons.. Arldjricmaiiy, it seems thzt there was over-~ees rjnn Oy Colam:i Blanrirlrn:i ami
Major Marcci. in cri!;iuaiiv Jeoc• an; that a "'ftying ci.isc" lwi be= recr/==i when. us
tl111C. noDctiy for sur: ialew wiw tim te:m even meam sine: m: it iwi cnjy bee in use icr
a. cetmie of weeia.

Ukcwlsc. the:: was no intiicmcn in offi:W rea::uu frcm til: pnd that tncr: was
hei~==i miiiwv ocermorw or s::::urnv ac:Mtv wnich silcuid hzve Dem g:11aax.:C if
:his wu. in f2.ct. the iim r::::overv of maumis amiior oasrms frcm liDCti:cr woriti. The
:lost-War i.JS MilitarY, or toaav· s for tn:U. mnt::'l ciid not nave: tile c:maililitv to mriliiy

!1
 ·.:c:miv. rc=ver. c=w••i••a•e c:::ver-uo. ac.a aw.aiv 1,,,,,,,, , ~~--· ..... __
:!'V'eM. 7::: em tllZt ::::v ai:i so 'Wimcut 1avm~ evct :~~.littic Dlt oi a snsruc:NS ::::l=
::.ai icr <~ 7 VCI%3 ss int:::::iilie.

:t silclllll ai.so oc natl:%i il=c mat tn== was litW: ::r===

in this rc:cn: aileut :."".:
:-=eveN or the :o-c:aiicd ~ ::.li= Docie." 7h.is is icr ~ 1t • 1'13 F:m. tr.c r=v==
wrec:a.s;c wu mma r~ Me~ ballccm.. !h.=:: 'Mft no ~alia{ P" _t': m:n:::..
Secmmiv. W:MU-U'"FO gi'C'Umwilo cmou:ui=aii=ccaic:stneari=mwt:veu~
a..mong lLflii§ i .a as to wiiiL now mmy, ami wite=. :w:i1 bociil:s 'MR ~
~~ A ddirirmziiy. S0111C or the: ciajzm illM: ce:uimwn m DC jznz:rn cveD Dy
otm:r U"FF 1c:s::a:zc:ia:s. Thiniiy. wnm SW:: ciai:zn:s are..,.,;. • am aii= mii¥• ''M to
?~le usimJ'pmzri• ,,,,,us orwita ati="Msecia llat"'inmm ac~iQ,;neri
?r-nm"iv so tim same sart at"' retnDmian • :a , "•t De u.mz •gzizm;U=m 1~
:ila% noocav iw be= simwn to nave ciic:ci.. di.saupnnc:i or ucilet wae swii:::::i u the hmi&
oithc ~uv=•m m..mg til: ia:147 yciii'SJ. Founn. m:mv uithneSii'IUmi:m~m:
Ji;gc:t c·~ims of"alicn oociici' rr.3itc tiu:ir ~ mmz til: "RmMii Tnciri:m " While
::Zvmt; a comme:c::t:i ime:est m somc:tnim; cia= nat w••• '1 181 iniiymaia:it sus==. It docs
:-m= ll".tce::mag q1tcmrm' Z'l:1m=l to az"Mf''' •• i• _1. £1.1Ci1 e-m simiWi b: ~ tc
:rcct tr.::r ev~ciCIICC tnct stt=uancnJ air:::uv to uu: ~ a.mi M'O"t'tcic ail
:ern::= c--jjs ana eviCc:m:: to SU~Crt mer i ii•••s iihczz= ia.c-Dnriiny 1S wi1at 1S
I

....,amc=... ~. pemms wno have come icrwarci ami !JrtMciei th::ir nal11CS ami m:ul:
..,;;xjms =~ nave.. in gooti iai:h but in the "fog ci tim:,_., •• ;s;. II I I ~fe:::ti ;2:$t tveftt3. The
rmew ox" Air Fore: 1c::on:is did not toca:t.c evea cmc ¢== ui evicic:m= to inriicne tim the
.-\ir Fore:!".~ h:uianypmm an ·~ali=., ba~Zy~cp=m:iazzare'''''i'''""¥ ~

Dunn; t:·:e ccur= of this emm

:."!:AU' Fore: im ic=t-in cia= tom:i1 witis the GAO ami
~=onc::i :o tr.er vanous cue:::s ana r=u::a for assimnce 'This n:;scH was gm:au:Ci
as an om..:~; r=tlonse to the GAO. ana to cionnn:m til:~ C'ort :::c:e::cieli by
·· .-_
··- · ·- .=--
. ---- -·· ..• _. -..;..,;;
~·· ,;...;p ._._._ '·-- •'s ......,,
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i..1...._ ......
..._....,. ......,., ,...,..,....,..... a co-·
w.' or· ....:..
~

-
Arrar-:=rs
~.
Wasmngion P~!t .A.m::!:. "GAO Turns to Alien Twiin New Probe."
Jam.wv i4. 1994
GAO Memo. F::mw-v l:. ! 994
-· DcD/lG Memo. Felmwv .::1. 1994
- S..l...Frr?-.f Memo. Febru:u-v .:..;. 1994 wrindcrscmcm

...
 :. SAF/AAM=za.Mara i. 1994. w1 Marcn 16. 1994 AOctcnn•!TT'I
6. AFJINM=a. Marcill4. 1994
7. AFISE Mt:mc.. Marci114. 1994
8. SAF/AQLM=a.Mara.U.l994
9. AFIXOWP Me:ma.. Mara 9. 1994
10. SAF/AAI M=a. Mara 10. 1994
11. AFBRA/CC Memo. Mara 8. 1994
12. AFOSIIHO Memo. .May 11. 1994
lJ. List efT a• 2' inn• ami R=crCs Sc:srcm:d
14. HQAAf"'IssnmcrafOrdea." Ju=~.l947
15. Copy ofVanrie:nft~'s ~pai:i'i!iiemEook amiDia.ry, July 7-9. 1947
16. July 9, 1947 Phatas afBallaon Wreci'lgr:, Ft Worm St::r Iel;mm
17. Si!!DCri Swum Srn "' "' of Cavin. May 24. 1994
18. T~ of CAvia lma'view. May 24, 1994
19. L==r. July 8, 1946. Project Mogui
:o. Si!!DCri Swam Srate!DA" of Spiihans Ju= .3. 1994
:;. Si~ Swum Srn w w of Moore.. ..fu= a. 1994
::. Signc11 Swam Statemew ofTnkcwsJCi. June l9. 1994
::::. Trznsamt of Im:rvtew wttil Moore.. June S. 1994
~4
.. . T ransamt •y____ ..
. or ~ew wnn T-'-- .. J u= -·.
.......WSJa. ?0 10"A
•~
.:!. lllustmion ofProjec: Mogui "Ballcon Tr.Uns"
. 16. Two Pharos ofProjec: Mogui "Ballcon Tr.Uns"
J.7. Log Snmn '"ry, NYU Conmm L=vei Ballaan Flighu

29. Copy ofB~ for "Pilot Ballann Tqct. ML-::i07C/AP Ass.....miy"

30. Si~c:i Swcm StaU:mcm ofNewton. July 21. 1994
:1. Phoros ofML.-::i07C/AP Device. With Vintage Neap• a= Ballaon and Debris
1:!. Synotlsis of Balloon .Reswci1 Fmciin¥s 0, lLT James Mc:Aruirew
_.... ~.1ensurmon Woricing P3.t~er.·· \Vith DIOW!n~ and Phcto

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q.' CII) 77=" F."P 7~
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)U;,.. f\)) -N~· • : •
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·. l.T .AR01.1T "17.30 At' Dill lq <;FP -71'. THF . ~

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l.ll'tTI-I A t lt>I-!T Or~. TJ.IF"RF' UF'FIF" NO H~L!C:OPTF:FI<; AlRROFI:O.:f: l.T THl.T ·.
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. HT~"'F.'L~=". HF' NOTTC:Fn AN nRJF'C:T TN THF' <;xy· <; l~'~IL:OI? T·O A "i:TAI1
. Rtr.r>F"11 .u~n r::unr.HTF'I?_. HF' DF.C:TOF."O TO <;tyl.MRt.F AN F-ca F"FIO~
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. T·HI'.. OR.vi.T uA'!\ Fl.<;TL Y VtSIALF.' FROH 70 HTLf"<; A~AY. . .
/.e.<:; 'THF F-u APPROAC:HFO ·A RANGf OF. 25 t.1'! · Hf LOl'T. ALL Tt:STRUHF'NTA n:n r;
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'.To IT THF AT~C~.t.F"T ll£Gl.'n.:C:D ALL -lN~TRU~ENTATION AND COH- ·
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· Bt.CY."i:F' t.Tr~ ACClUTRF"n A RA'DAR LOCK ON AT 27 '-""• 12. C•CLOCX ·
HT-'l PO<;T'('TON ~TTH THE VC li?AT.F. OF· C:LOl'URF', AT- lStl NHPH~.
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, . ' .
<;r-. ,:n THAT UAS VISTHLE: ON THE l;OAOAR · <;~O~F: Afo!O -STAYE'O AT 2StiH.
~
·C. THr "'T7E· OF' THf" J:IAOAR Rt.TU~~ ~A"'i: C:OHPA~ARLI': TO :THAT OF'
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Tn·•DI<;C:F'RN AFC:Ati"'F nF ITS INTENSE ·RPILLIANC:F. -THE ·
l nan' TH.e.T ·tT GAVF OFF UA<;·THAT· OF FUSHI'Nt>· 5TRORE t:!GHTS
!::I~L~Grn IN:.· RF"C:TAII!f;!ILA~ PATTF'RN :.r:n AlTfl;OIIIATIN.G Sl:tJf.·GRF't.N.
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l
f:

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l=FHRAII UI-!FII." .ANOTHFP FIR!r.HTLY· LIGHTF.n ORJF.CT· FSTIHt.TEil TORE
ONF" Hl.lF ern ONf THTI?O THf A::>PA~ENT Sl7F. OF" THE MOON.· CI.H(

!
OUT OF THF' OR tr.INAl. ORJFCT • .THIS. SF.C:ONil OSJF:CT HEAOE"O STRAIGHT
TO\JAPn THF' F-4 AT A vF.Ia FA"i:T RATE OF SPE'Etl.. THF. PTLOT
!M'F~=>TF."n TO FT11E .r.N AI~-9 ~I'\S!LE AT:THF" ORJE.CT B!JT"AT-THAT. f
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:.
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• .'
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"HIIl't~F.O THF OS.Jf"A7. FF"lL !N TI?ArL :AT UHAT ·APPF:IJlEO· TO ·BE :.BOUT
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::;rFTIIRNF'O iO THr PFili'\ARY OR.IF'C:T F'O~ A PF:RFF.CT I?FJOIN.
<;Hn::>~t¥ AFTF.R THF 5f.CONO ORJECT JOTNF'O U:> VITH -THF
=>, .!.I?Y Cll'\.Jf;CT At.:OTHF.R flRJF'C:T l.PPfl.l?fO TCI rn~F: QUT oF THF'
 . ~- .4 .. -
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l tr.HT· .OVF"'I'I· AN ARF"A Or l.ROtrT ;>-3 K ILO:"'.!"TF"P~.
THF CR·FU J'lF"CFNOE'O FROM THfT R ALTITUIF OF ~~ TO. 1511 l.l'!n
Cm:.TINIJF"n TO OR,.F"RVF l.II.'Tl tll.RK .THf: :·nf!.Jt.CT•S·~>~ITlDIIl. THFY ·
HtO·"-OM.F" 'I"'TFFICIILTT TN AD.JII<;T!NG THF!R NIGHT VISIRILITY "FOil
lt.~rliJill> "-0 l.FTFP OR~ ITING fff.'"~ABAO A F·(U TTHE'<; TH£Y '\lf.NT CUi
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Of T !>0 OF Gli'F"F ~ 01"! f"HIUR AO THF:Y .lOST THF.'TA r: OI"!!'!UNI C:ATI o::S "11JMF
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-IHF'· OlllF C:TVTL t.TRLTIIIF.!:I .THAT '-'A"- -API>!:IOACHIN~ i'!f:HPAR.e.D Olf.liN(;"THio;
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,-·· ll'l~J UtTH R~TGJ.IT STF'AOY tiGHTS tlN F..ACH FNO l.NO. A Ft.A"-1-lr.R
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nw· TT RIIT PTCKFO IT Ill> .AFT!"R THE PILOT TOLD THE'H TO LOOK
R'f'T~f"F.·N T""'f.' M otnJTA TN S. l.NO THE' ·R ff"TIIIF.'PT.
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f':OTHJ'NG ·lJA<; NOT.IC:Fii .AT· n~t=: ._POT .1.11-!F'PF".THfY ' THOUGHT THE OS.JF.CT .
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;J•F.<;.T. o·F THF' .I:R"FA TRF.'Y PJC:KF'Tl iJP A VF'R'I' NOTTC:F.l.BLE REE'PF.'R
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PJi'"OPLF.' T U~KF"O AROUT A LOUO N.OI~E At~O A VEl?Y R~lGHT Llr.HT.
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F.
BF'l\.!F"VF'n_ t"O ·HA'lf Lt.NOF.'D ARF RF.ING C:HFCKF.'O F"OR :POSSII'ILE .I'IAOIATION. ~

• r:
~

. ·--- HORE INF'ORIH.TTON I.'ILL RE

. ...
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~-
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P::?TOPTTY·

L
 INFORMATION SHEET Prepared by:

Number 78-1 LFF-3/Public Services Branch

Office of External Relations
NASA Headquarters
Washington, DC 20546

UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS

The information contained here has been compiled to respond

to queries on Unidentified Flying Objects directed to the White

House as well as NASA.

NASA is the focal point for answering public inquiries to

the White House relating to UFOs. NASA is not engaged in a re-

search program involving these phenomena, nor is any other govern-

ment agency.

BACKGROUND

In July of 1977, Dr. Frank Press, Director of Science and

Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, wrote to

Dr. Robert A. Frosch, the NASA Administrator, suggesting NASA

should answer all UFO-related mail and also to consider whether

, NASA should conduct an active research program on UFOs. In a

letter dated December 21, 1977, Dr. Frosch agreed that NASA will
•
continue to respond to UFO-related mail as it has in the past

and, if a new element of hard evidence that UFOs exist is brought

to ~ASA's attention :rom a credible source, NASA will analyze the

~nexplained organic or inorganic sample and report its findings.

·~ ·:·.~~~~ .. ; ,~ . ' . . .
. ·- . --~~ . ·. --
 4

As a result of these investigations and studies, and ex-

perience gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the

conclusions of the Air Force were: (1) no UFO reported, investi-

gated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any

indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has

been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force

that sightings categorized as "unidentified" represent

technological developments or principles beyond the range of

present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no

evidence indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified"

are extraterrestrial vehicles.

With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force

regulation establishing and controlling the program for investi-

gating and analyzing UFOs was rescinded. All documentation

regarding the former Blue Book investigation has been permanently

transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives

and Records Service, 8th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.H.,

Washington, DC 20408, and is available for public review and

·.analysis. Those wishing to review this material may obtain a

researcher's permit from the National Archives and Record

Service .
•
 2 -

Quoting from Dr. Frosch's December 21 letter: " ..• If some

new element of hard evidence is brought to our attention in the

future, it would be entirely appropriate for a HASA laboratory to

analyze and report upon an otherwise unexplained organic or

inorganic sample; we stand ready to respond to any bona fide

physical evidence from credible sources. We intend to leave the

door clearly open for such a possibility.

"We have given considerable thought to the question of what

else the ·-united States might and should do in the area of UFO

research. There is an absence of tangible or physical evidence

available for thorough laboratory analysis. And, because of

the absence of such evidence, we have not been able to devise a

sound scienti'fic.procedure for investigating these phenomena.

To proceed on a research task without a sound disciplinary

framework and an exploratory technique in mind would be wasteful

and probably unproductive.

"I do not feel that we could mount a research effort with-

out a better starting point than we have been able to ide~tify

thus far. I would therefore propose that NASA take no steps to

establish research in this area or to convene a symposium on

• this subject .

.
.
.
.
--- -- ___.
'
.
 5

Also available:

Scientific Studv of Uniden~ified Flvina Obiects. Condon

hepcrt study conducted by the Cniversity of Colorado ~~der con-

tract F44620-76-C-0035. Three volumes, 1,465p. 68.plates. Photo-

duplicated hard copies of the official report rnay be ordered for

S6 per vol~e, $18 the set of three, as AD 680:975, AD 680:976,

and AD 680:977, from the National Technical Information Service,

u.s. Department of Co~erce, Springfield, VA 22151.

Revie"Vl of Universitv of Colorado Reoort on Unidentified

Flvina Objects. Review of report by a panel of the National

Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 1969, 6p.

?hotoduplicated hard copies may be ordered for $3 as AD 688:541

fro~ the National Technical Information Service, u.s. Department

of Conmerce, Springfield, VA 22151.

:1ASJI. is aware of the many nro reports made in recent years.

However, the maj.ori ty of inquiries to NASA concerning UFO sight-

ings address themselves to the reported sightings by astronauts

duri~g Sarth orbital and lunar ~issions and the report by

• P:::eside:1t Carter while servi:1g as Governor of Georgia.

·· .. , - -~ - - ~-
 UFO UPDATE
By James Oberg

riction between science and fly- that they ·possibly" deserved study. More report$. Pieces of metal picked up near

F ing saucers has generated a bliz-

zard of sparKs over the years.
The s1des are well defined: Establishment
to the point. only one-Quaner of 1 percent
of the astronomers thought that UFOs
were imponant enough to warrant their
alleged landing.'sites undergo spectro-
scoptc examination in well-eou1pped
laboratones.
sc1ent1sts uadnionally d1smiss UFO data personal anention. These are the techniques of science.
as lanc1ful fict1on. while UFO enthusiasts But the poll did neverlheless seem to applied to a sub1ect long regarded as be-
portray themselves as outcast Galileos. bestow some measure of screntific re- yond tl'le fringes of science. But tl'lese are
prophets of a new sc1entific revolution. spectability to this topic, previously ranked the techniques that will produce proof, if
Advocates of Un~oentified Flying Ob· among the lunattc fringe. The poll was proof is possible.
1ects 1nstst that they are onto some extraor- symptomatic of the changing image of Standards are .now tighter and the
amary pnenomenon unaccountable by UFOs. and tl'le new status of UFO re- experience of UFO investigators greater.
contemporary sc1ence. The favorite theory searchers. so that many ·unknowns· have dimin-
1nvolves atien spacecraft. but grow1ng After three decades of exuberant if ama- ished. More and more cases have been
splinter groups promote various psychiC, teurish fieldwork. furious propagandizing, seWed. but always a traction remain un..
interd,mensTonal. cross-temporal, con- and a1mless theorizing, a number of UFO solved. unexpta1ned. unidentified. This
splratonal, or even more bizarre hy- groups have finally begun to play the residue of unknowns is the basts for UFO
potheses. Whatever 11 is. UFO enthusiasts game using rules of sctence. Accept1ng enthusiasts' hope. Skeptics disagree.
assert. lt'le confirmation of extraterrestnal the buraen of proof. they have mounted an saying that inherent limitatrons in human
·ngs could be a key to the next great impressive scientific program designed to perception. memory, and knowledge will
3kthrough in human knowledge. demonstrate. finally. that UFOs exist. always introduce a small arlificial residue
rew could argue such a premise. On a dark hillside tn Texas. white- of unknowns.
Early in 1977. the w~re serv1ces reponed uniformed men monuor a battery of instru· So what ktnd of data will stand up to sci-
that astronomers now lavl)r scientific stud- ments. hoptng to catch and record the entific standards. not as a leftover residue
Ies of UFOs. Accord1ng to The New York subtle phys1cat effects alleged to accom- of mysteries. but as a definitive list of re-
limes. ·unidentified flying ObJects should pany UFO visitations. tn photographic corded events?
De 1nvest1gated furlher. a majonty of labor atones across the country. data pro- Laying aside the possibilities that alien
trarneo astronomtcal observers sa1d in a cessing specialists analyze computerized ambassadors will land at the White House
survey OJSclosed recently.· 1mages of alleged UFO photographs, or that the fabled ·sPcret captured flying
Closer analysis snowed that the pnvate seek1ng evtdence of forgery and potentia! saucer· will ever De rescued from alleged
~ro·UFO survey actually meant that onty proof of authentlctty. A computenzed data governmental obtivron. hard evidence tor
one·auaner at mose polled responded base rn Chicago pnnts out pan ern anaiy· the reality and respectability of UFOs must
. tnat UFOs ·cer1a1nty' or ·prooaDiy· de- ses of UFO s1ght1ngs, seeking a s1gna1 come from laboratorres now engaged in
servea ::.:uay. w•tt'l a few more agreerng behind the norse ot thousands of annual scientific research.
The ·proJect Starlight International"
team. privately but generously funded by
some Texas millionaires. has assembled
an array of instruments that could produce
incontrovenible evrdence. They have cam.
eras, radar. spectrometers. magnetome-
ters. radiation sensors. grav1tometers. and
a small laser beam to communicate With
• extraterrestrials should they happen by.
The Sta~ight UFO trap has now been in
full operation for nearly three years. New
equ1pment continues to be added. inctud·
ing a radar set and computenzed aler1
system that automatically telephones vol-
unteer skywatchers rn the vicinity of a
computed UFO postt1on. The system
works well in drills-but nothrng substan-
tive has resulted.
The most exerting recent events have
Soectacutar gtowmg UFO was cnotograanecJ from a Concorae aurmg 1973 soJar ecliPSe. dealt with a fierce wood t1ck rnfestauon on

2s cMNI Ocr' 18
 3

"I wish in no way to indicate that NASA has come to any

conclusion about these phenomena as such; institutionally, we

retain an open mind, a keen sense of scientific curiosity and a

willingness to analyze technical problems within our competence."

Reports of unidentified objects entering United States air

space are of interest to the military as a regular part of

defense surveillance. Beyond that, the U.S. Air Force no longer

investigates reports of UFO sightings.

This was not always the case. On December 17, 1969, the

Secretary of the Air Force announced the termination of Project

Blue Book, the Air Force program for UFO investigation started

in 1947.

The decision to discontinue UFO investigations, the USAF

said, was based on: (l) an evaluation of a report (often called

t~e c~ndon Report) prepared by the University of Colorado and

.entitled "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" (2)

a review of the University of Colorado report by the National

Acade~y of Sciences; (3) past UFO studies; and (4) Air Force
•
experience investigating t'FO reports for two decades.

'• .'I• -~ •• .-,._;.~·:'• ••.; • -- - ---. • •' - • • ~ ---

 6

During several space missions NASA astronauts reported

phenomena not immediately explainable. However, in every

instance NASA satisfied itself that what had been observed was

nothing which could be termed abnormal in the space environment.

The air-to-ground tapes of all manned missions are available

at the Johnson Space Center, Houston, for review by the serious

researcher.

On· October 12, 1973, while serving as Governor of Georgia,

Mr. Carter responded to inquiries from the National Investiga-

tions Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) saying that he had

seen a bright, moving object in the sky over Leary, Georgia, in

October of 1969. He said the object was visible for 10 to 12

inutes and, at one point, shone as brightly as the Moon. The

-
regional NICAP representative investigated the sighting and

reported there was no evidence to support anything beyond placing

what Mr. Carter saw in NICAP's "unidentified" category •. However,

it has been suggested by some students of aerial phenomena that

~~- Carter may have viewed the Planet Venus which, at certain

times, may appear many times brighter than a star of the first-
magnitude.

Since NASA is not engaged in day-to-day UFO research, it

•aoes not review UFO-related articles intended for publication,

evaluate UFO-type spacecraft drawings or accept accounts of

UFO sightings or applications for employment in the field of

'rial phenomena investigation. All such material will be

returned with NASA's thanks to the sender.

 7

A number of universities and scientific organizations have

considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings and seminars.

In addition, a nunber of private domestic and foreign groups

continue to review UFO sighting reports actively. Some of these

organizations are:

(1) National Investigations committee on

Aerial Phenomena
John L. Acuff, Director
Suite 23
3535 University Boulevard, West
Kensington, MD 20795
(301) 949-1267

(2) The Committee for the Scientific Investigation

of Claims of the Paranormal
UFO Subcommittee
Robert Sheaffer, Chairman
9805 Mc~iillan Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 209lr
(301) 589-8371

(3) Aerial Phenomena Research Organization

James and Coral Lorenzen, Directors
3910 E. Kleindale Road
Tucson, AZ 85712
(€02) 793-1825

(4) Mutual UFO Network

-lal ter H. Jl.ndrus, Jr. , Director
1

103 Old Towne Road

Seguin, TX 78155
(512) 379-9216

(5) 7he Center for UFO Studies

Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Director
• 924 Chicago Avenue
Evanston, IL 60202
(312) 491-1780

February 1, 1978

US GOVEAN .. ENT P~tNTtNG OFFICE 19711-161 l1l l6

.. ------- -
:cure oe extremely va1uaore tor me ent~re occurred. Every year unur me.: nc.;,oens. tnrew mmselltnto senous mvesttgauons of
"'~L''Tian ra.:e. 11 coula be hnanc1a11y rewaro~ me wagerer must pay Klass :;e s:;m of wnat were regaroeo as me ·oesr c:ass1c
1na tor tne owners ot !nat proof. And 1t $100 (up to a max1mum of Si~O. arter UFO cases. He often cug up stan11ng 1and
:Ouro soeullnanc1al ru1n tor one prom1nen1 wntch payments cease out tt·.! oet re- emoarrasstng) new evtoence out nas oe-
UFO skeouc-unJess. of course. ne was matns m force). · come a oanan m UFO C1rc1es (HyneK
1:! oelJver1ng the proof. Less than a cozen UFO en~us1asts refuses to aopear togetner wtm h1m. and
\Jattonaf Enowrer. a weekly tablOid have s1gneo uc to cate. usua~y on 1nS10e Hynek's "UFO bibliography" handout
r.. ...Jaoer w1m a C1rcutauon 1n tne mJI- tnformauon mat "thiS year tne government potnteoly 1gnores Klass s two cooks).
hons. nasa stano1ng otter of $1 m1llion tor is gomg to announce UFO contacts .... • With the death of astronomer Donald
·oosu,ve oroof. ·The Lonoon-oaseo wn1s· Sucn preOICitons have appeared in cnnt Menzet1n 1976. Klass has emerged as the
key oonter Cuny Sark. Ltd .. recently un- nearly every year for a Quaner of a century. nauon·s leadtng UFO skepuc. He spurns
ve11ed an even 01gger onze of one million but oeople Still seem to believe them. the word ·debunker.· wtth 1ts connotattons
pounos Sterling. or acout S t .800.000 at Klass nas oecome a little richer because of knee-fl!rk dism1ssa!s and unonhodox
the present excnange rate. of them. points of view.lnstead. Klass anempts to
. Lesser awaros also are available in tne Only one UFO buff has mamtained his mvesugate UFO cases more deeply than
aosence of oos111ve proof. The Enquirer bet in force. apparently more for publicity might other researcners who have sub-
annually grants up to StO.OOO to wunesses than persuas1on. Stanton Friedman makes conscioUS desire$.10 actually find proof of
of a UFO inCident judged ·most SCientifi- a living off his lecture tours proclaiming the extraterrestrial viSitors. Concentrating only
cally valuable" by an independent panel of reality of UFOs. and he responded to on the generally acclaimed "best cases.·
UFO specialists (the "Blue-Ribbon Panel.· Klass's needling by formally agreeing to Klass often has exposed the superficiality
see cox). And Cuny Sark has announced the bet a few years ago. of work done by pro-UFO experts.
plans to award£ 1000 to the best-wnnen Additionally, Klass has offered to buy In 1977. he jOined with othersc1entists
essay on the UFO problem. back all cop1es of his book UFOs Ex- and educators in forming the "Commmee
Moreover. a number of London betting plained if events prove his assertions in- for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of
houses nave accepted various wagers on correct. But pro-UFO sc1ent1st Robert Mc- the Paranormal." a group that has de-
the tmmment VISJtatrons of extraterrestrials. Campcell has done Klass one oener. He nounced easy acceptance by the public
Sutthe world's most famous ·anti-UFO has offered to buy back copies of his book of allegedly baseless beliefs in astrology,
oer has ceen set forth 1n the book UFOs UFOiogy from anyone not sausfied With it, the Bermuda Triangle. ESP. "ancient astro-
Explamed. proof or no proof. nauts." and other .so-called modern myths.
Author Philip J. Klass. a semor editor at Klass heads a small but potent band of
Avtauan Week magaz1ne and the nation's Actually. Philip J. Klass already had skeptical investigators called the UFO
lead1ng UFO skeptic. claims he has chal- been sening off multlmegaton detonations Subcommittee. At the very least this
lenged UFO believers "to put their money among the ranks of UFO believers. Miffed group demands the t1ghten1ng of stan-
where tt"letr moums are.· Klass nas offered when UFO expens 1n 1968 ridiculed a seri- dards in so-called SCientific UFOiogy. The
to ~•v $10.000 to anyone who agrees to ous (and Still tenable) suggestion that level of carelessness of many pro-UFO ex-
. if and when certain criteria are met many UFOs were actually ball lightning, pens has markedly declined. so progress
sh1ng that a true UFO VISitation has the by nature combative aviation reponer is being made. CO

THESE PEOPLE ARE WATCHING AND WAITING :

Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS). 1909 Sherman Suite 207, of gadgets yet assembled to measure Uf'Os-..<f only they
Evanston. IL 60201. Sell-styled ptnnacle of UFO activities. this could find one. Irregular bulletin sent 1n exchange for cash
small group generally .depends on other groups for data. Dr. donations.
Allen HyneK aces tne puclic appearances and fund ratstng. Committee Against UFO Secrecy (CAUS). 191 E. 161st Sl,
wntie researcner Allan Henery carnes out actual coorctnauon Bronx NY 10451. New offshoot of GSW. this small group is us-
a no 1n-aeott"l1nvesugauon. Two puolicattons: CUFOS ing Freedom at lnformatton suus to extract allegedly secret
Ouarterty Bulletin. S t 5I yr.; and International UFO Reponer. hypotneucaJ government "UFO files.· Newslener $1 0/yr.
S12/yr 20th Century UFO Bureau. 756 Haddon Avenue. Col-
Aenal Phenomenon Research Organization (APRO). 39t0 E. hngswooo. NJ 08108. This group. associated w1th Dr. Cart
Kle1noa1e. Tucson. AZ 85712. Among the longest surviv1ng Mcfntyre·s "20th Century Reformation Hour: believes that
UFO groups (represented 1n 50 countries). APRO is held to- some UFOs are angels and signs of the imminent Second
getner cy the dediCatiOn of its cofouncers Jim and Coral Com1ng. However. other UFOs are sent by Satan to confuse
Lorenzen. wno nave recently led the grouo to specialize people 'est they recogn,ze the angels.
•(cntiCS say monopolize) 1n "UFO abduction cases.· APRO UFO Suocomm1nee of the "Committee tor the Scientific Inves-
Bulfetm. S t Otyr. for t 2 issues. tigation of Claims of the Paranormal.· 923 Kensington Avenue,
National Investigations Comminee on Aerial Phenomena (NI- Buffalo. NY 14215. The first formal organ1zation of UFO skep-
• CAP). SUite 23.3535 University Blvd., Kensington MD 20795. tics. who tackle the "best UFO cases· on record, often with
Anotner old group. unfortunately in a downhill slide followmg a spectacular success. much to the dismay of most UFO buffs.
decade of orgamzational in-fighting. NICAP Bulletin. $1 Olyr. Reports of activities are included in the Comminee publication
Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). 103 Oldtowne Road. Segum. The Skeptical Inquirer (formeny Zefefic). $12/yr.
TX 78t 55. A v1gorous. expanding group a Cling 1n concert With The National Enquirer's Blue Ribbon Panel of UFO expens
CUFOS. MUFON UFO Journal. SBtyr. (who review "best cases· for cash rewards). Two regular
Ground Saucer Watch (GSW). t3238 North 7th Drive. Phoen1x. memtle!S (James Harder and Leo Sprinkle) are joined by a
AZ 85029. H1ghly profeSSIOnal organ1zat1on (memcersn'p cy changmg cadre of obscure "UFO expens. • including this
·at10n only). whiCh aop11es v1gorous sc1enttfic standards to year's v.~llard Armstrong and John L. Warren. More respected
· 'nvesuaat1ons. Ouanerly journal free w1th memberShiP. UFOiog:sts have declined offers of memoership. Send contest
-'Ject Stari'ight lntema!lonai(PSI). PO Box 5310. Austin TX entries !C UFO REWARD. National Enqutrer. Lantana FL.
78763. Somewnat mystenous organtzat1on with tne best array 33464 . .:.11 entries will be evaluated.

22 ':\1NJ
 ,.<~'-' ~.· :':'.~-.
IU,to.&.lo.~·J•\'Io._;, ,,:,1 • • ' • " ' · · ' .... ,~.~~· c ...... ~•.U· l~.t•••l• r-:-.': • .. · .. ~
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LU IJ J"" 31

1. E<lt'ly in the- lllOrnin~l of ?./ Ot:c; EO (.,pJit'UXinLtltdy OJOOL), LWO· U!;AF

sccurit.y pul ice- piltrllltut:ll s .. w unusu.Jl l"iuhts out:;io"' the !.tack gate at ,.
· RAF l<ouobrioy~. ThinUn~ ittl ilirct·~ft tniyht h<Jvt! c;rashed. or been:force;:IL ·.
down, they callt:!d for Pl!l'tnission to !JO outside till! g~te- tO 1rives.t.~gi)tt:..· ...
The on-duty fliyht cllief l"l!SflUtldeo i.tlld cl rowed thr;:c :l~t:-c!:=-: :~ ~:-c-··
ceeo urt fuot. l'lo~r iooJiviouc~l:>. rci•vo·te:..:. "'~L:.jug.;, =.tl'ilnye glo"fin(] ol.ljc:ct:
in thcrorest. Tht: ubjuct w11s desc•·ibed as. beil)y u~ta.l ic: in appeariluce
and .triangular in shnpe,. approximJtcly two ta. thnw rneters. ilC.ross. t-!1~·
base· ana. clpP.t"OXim.!tely two n.eters hiyh. It jlluminated. the: entire· forest.
with: a white- 1 iyht. The object its~l f had a pulsi•·~· ~d. 1 ight on· tap anu.
3 bank-(s)· of blue 1 iyhts und(:nlt!ilth. lhe· oujecL 1-1aS. hove.ring·,or·on lt:yS.
As. the- p.:.tr.olutt:n approached the object, it nlilnt:uvereo through th~ tt•ee!>·. '·
and dis<1ppeared. At. thh tiu~ ttJ.e;_ cnintdl5 on-11 ncar~y· filrm· went into. 11.
frenz-y. The object wes bdefly S.iyht.~:o i.opprcix.intJtl!iy an. haurla.ter ne~Lr:-
the bllclc- gat~. - ·

2. The n!!xt oay, ~~~ ...,~ d~pressioll~ 1 1/i:M Otot:!!J ciiiO 7" in· didnteter·wt:t'e·,
fourt<l wh!!re- tiiP. uL•Jr.Ct haJ I.Jeen s igloL"'o on the yrouno. The following
night (29 Ot!C 80) r.llc an~u was .:hecl;,:d tur· radiation. !ltita/~~iiiiDIIil r·eadin9:.
of 0.1 ulil.lirocntu..:"~ wct·c recordl•.:l ••ith P<=ilk rt -~iny!. in the three- de-
J.wcssion~ rllld n""'' tilt: L<:llter of till.: Lr"idny}c !OI"II~c' by the d~prcSS.iOtrS ..
A near·by tTt'c ·lrdd u•;Jerate ( .05- .rJ7) rtad iny~ un tllo: :;ide of the Lre·e
tow,;rd tltc dept·esiton~.

3. L~tet.. in the nru!IL a r·<:J ~un-1 i~;e liqht 1>as... ,.,.,. th•ouoh the Lr~es.
It nluVl!U abi1ut ana ruhe<.J. At one point it appo:.11c'd i:: th;OI>i off glowiny
particles ilnd lttL'II l.Jr·uf.E' ·.inlu live ~cflioraLe whitl' uuji!C.tS and then Oi~.­
dPP!!e:"t!C. !::=r:::c-di.:.:.ely thcre,tit<:r, tiii'C!: star-1 it.: ·.h;t•cts were noticed
in the sky, u•o objects tto t11~ nCJrt:h ~nd one •. . . . ,.. '.outh, all uf which
wton' al.loul lun ul f Lh..: ;,..,,.,<UII. The wL;jc~t~ ""'"'"· .... iJiy in ~l.ilr~ ,\ooyulcoo
movemenu and displdyt:d n:<.J, grt:en cna blue 1 ighh TIJe ~bjects to thto
north al)pcarcd to ue elI ipLiLul thrOIJ\Jil all 8-1? puw•:• '-.·us. They· then
tu1·ncd tu full Clo"(.l.-s. Th~ obj~cls to til~ ·north ,.,.,.,n·nt:d.in the sky lc:o·
• an hour ur more. Tloc olljcct to the soutil was. visil.lle for ti•O or thre!!·
hours. and 1Jea111ed <.Ju.wn a. stream of 1 ioht froth time t.o time. Numerous iudivi.•
duals, inc.luding til~ unders.ignl!d, ,.itnc,s.e:i the activities irt pa.ragraJJhS.
2 and 3. ;1

/fJf//1£¥-
C!(,:R~£5 ~~f;~
I. Lt Co!, USAi"
Del-July 1.\JSt: CosnuanJo:r
 AS OF 110600 :CST NOV 75

I
(U) CJCS, ~= 10 Nov !:'.orning briefing, indica-.:ec that ...-hen u::o Sl!O::lt-
ings are reported, the 1'-"!>lCC sho'-"lC. ask :for temperature gracie::1ts in
the area (i.e., £or possi~le alo£7. inversic~s). The CJCS also
g...:~es-:.ioneC the aCvisability of scrambling aircraft agair.st re?or~eC.
!
UFOS. '
•
. '
;
i
i'

•
 N MCC I·

. THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER

\YASHINGTON. C.C. 2.0~01
I§
B November 1.975
0600 EST ~
E
TH- -..JINT STA~
§
~
"
F.
:::
MEHORANDUM FOR RECORD §:
c.
~

£
Subject: Unidentified Sightings

f
1. 0308 EST FONECON from NORAD Command Director: at 0253 EST
Malmstrom AFB Montana received seven radar cuts on the height- "~
finder radar at altitudes between 9,500' and 15,500'. Simultaneously,~
. ground witnesses observed licjhts in the sky and the sounds of jet ~
engines similar to jet fightens. · Cross-tell with FA-~.revealed t
no jet aircraft within lOONM of the sightings. Radar tracked the. ~
objects .over Lewistown, Montana at a speed of sewn (7) knots. ~
Two F-106 intercepters from the 24th NORAD Region were scrambled ~
at 0254 EST and became airborne at 0257 EST. At the time of the ·
initia:l-voice.report personnel at·Halmstrom AFB and SAC sites
Kl, 'K3, L3 and L6 were\reporting lights in the sky accanpanied
·by jet engine· noise. ·
0

2. 0344 EST FONECON, same source':'

i
Objects could not be intE.<rcepi:.ecl. Fighters had to maintain a
minimum of 12/000' because of mountainous terrain • . Sightings
had turned west, increased speed to 150 knots. Two tracks were
apparent on height"-finder radars 10-12 NM apart. SAC site K3 ·t
reported sightings bet·1een 300' and l,OOC' ·while sit~ L-4 reported.- i
sightinqs ·5NM Nli of their position.· Sightings disappeared from '
radar at position 4650N/10920W at a tracked speed of three (3)
knots.

3. At 0440 EST, NMCC intiated contact with the NORAD Command

Director who reported the following:

0405 EST: Malmstrom receiving intermittent tracks on both

search and height-finder radars. SAC site C-1, lONM SE of
Stanford, Montana, reported visua·l sightings of unknown objects •
• 0420 EST: Personnel at 4 SAC sites reported observing inter-
cepting F-lOG's arrive in area; sighted objects turned off their
lights upon arrival of interceptors, and back on upon their
departure.
 .I
\
. ..

0440 EST: SAC site C-1 still had a visual sighting on objects.

4. NORAD stated that Northern Lights will sometimes cause phenomena

such as this on height-finder radars, but their check \-tith weather
services revealed no possibility of Nor~~ern Lights.

5. NHCC notified 'Nashington FAA at 0445 EST of the incidents

described above. They had not received any information prior to
this time.

6. 0522 EST.FONECON with NORAD Command Director: At 0405 EST.

SAC Site L-5 observed one object accelerate and climb rapidl~
to a point in altitude where it became indistinguishable from
the stars. NORAD will carry thi.s il'lcident as a FADE remaining
UNKNOWN at 0320 EST, .since after that time only
- . visual sightings
.

.# /- .
~ -~::.,-:,..._

._...wn,:.ru;
,.,~

D. BARNES .
__ : J .
~
~;
I
-r-.. .
;
..... ,
. ~.;:_ ·,:-·:.--~
.

Brigadier General, USA

Deputy Di.re.ctor for
.I Operations, Nt~CC

Copy to:
I !"
DDO
ADDO
eeoc
ALL AREA DESKS

!
'
'
I
'

2
 l'.S OF 132200 :2ST NOV 75.

UFO AN.~.::..YS!S

(U) !n =uture UFO si;htings, ~~e V~ST ~M Desk Officer will i~itiate
telephone re~uests to the Se::ior Du-ty ot::icer at 'the ~.. ir Force
Glo::.al l'ieather Cen~ral (AFGHC) for a ten:::>:ret,.:-e inversion anal·;sis
in tl1e vicinity of unusual sightings. The telephone response by
J..FGI>C will be followec ;.·ith a priority message. (SOiJ:rtC:::: NMCC
~~R 132035 EST NOV 75)

•
f
(
I
,t.
'f
~

::
 ..N!VlCL.
THE NATIONAL"MJLITARY COMMAND CENTER
WASHINGTON. '?·C- 2ClD1
13 Nove!T'.ber 1975
2035 EST
"T'HJ: J:>INT STA!""P'

Subject: Requests for Temperature Inversion Analysis

l. LTC Schmidt, representing Air Force Global Heather Central

(;..FGHC), visited the NMCC at 131500 EST to discuss arrangements
to ir.:?lement the procurement of \·leather information desired
by CJCS, ~hich is the subject of DDO Environmental Services
memo of 13 November 1975. The following agreements with LTC
Sch~idt were reached:

a. The West Hem Desk Officer \vill act as the control

officer for temperature inversion analysis requests initia-
ted by the NMCC. These requests will be made in conjunc-
tion with sightings of unusual phenomenon along the northern
us border.
b. Each telephone request will be serialized, i.e., (TIA il,
etc.) and directed to the duty officer at AFGWC, autovon
866-1~1. or 271-2586. - AFGHC-,,•ill·· -provide the requested
analyses by telephone follo\·1ed up by a priority message.

c. A record of the serialized recuests/responses will be

maintained by the Hest Hem Desk Officer. ·

e:_/ -~
c/;? ~--e... (
c... c_,----
D. ?.0EERTS, J:R.
Brigadier General. USMC
Deputy Director f~~
Ope: rations, NNCC

Distribution:
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THE: l~AT!ONAL MILITARY COMMAND CE:NTER
WA.St-IIN:::;'TON. C.C. 20lC1

~:.:::lOR;:.!.:DU!·> FOR '?~CORD

Subjec"::

Reference: ;~o: Phoneco~ 21055 EST Jan 76

,'
The followinc information was received from ~he Air Force
Opera~ions C~nter at 0555 EST:

"Two l:.i'FOs are !'eported near the flight li;-;e a.: Can:: on .~..:=.,
Nev.· Mexico. Security Pol ice observing ther.o re?or.:ec -:.he r.:::os
1 to be 25 varcs in diameter, gold or silver in color wi~h blua
, light on top, hole in the :nicdle and red light on !::>ottorn. J..ir
; Force is checking ~i~~ ~a~ar. -Additionally, c~ecki~s wea~her
.
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THE NATIONAL ;.'.ILITARY COi .. ~k~Ai..:D C~NTER
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31 Jc.nuc.=y lS7t:
HOD ::::.ST

!·lE!'lO.:;;..NDU~l FOZ\. TEE RECORD

Uni~en~i~ied Flying Object Sighting
i
•
~
~lG Lane, CG, Arma:;;ent
1. l'.t 3108 05 received "'honcon from ·P.FOC:
!
1 and Development Test Center, Eglin AI'E, ~lorida called anc raport.
J a UFO sighting from 0~30 EST to 0600 EST. Security Policemen
1 spotted lights from what they called a UFO near an Eglin radar
1
site.
1
i 2. -- j;=aphs of the lights .were taken. The Eglin O!fice o:·
I 1:: .. --~-=- t.io:;; has made a press release on the UFO.
j 3. ':'!""le te;l!?er~'ture·inversion analysis i:-Jc:!icateC no significant
I
• ter:":?===t..:re i:1version at ~glin AFE at that tir.te.· The only
inve~~ion preseL~ ~as Cue to ~adiation fzo~ ~he sur:ace ~o 2500
feet.. The Eglin surface conditions were clear skies, visibility
; 10-1~ miles, cal..-n wines, shallow ;round :!:og on the r::m;ay, arid
• a surface ta~perature of 44 degree F .
.. !,
t

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Brigadier_ ~~al, U~~
Deputy Di~c"tor for ·
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/: .·' YJ.C.SHINGTON. C.C. ::lDt

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Sul:::ject: Reports o£ Unidentified Flyi~s O~jects (UFOs)

"•
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3• 1. ~t a~proxi~ately 0345 EDT, the ~;~:c called to i~cic:ate

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3 o£ For~ ?.itchie. ~he follo~ing eve~ts s~~~arize ~he reports

.l (times are appro>:i.l"i,ate).
t
1
·•• a. 0130 - Civilians repartee a UFO sighting near
.hiry, !·Jd. This info=ation was obtained via a call
I-lt •
j from the t;ational Aeronautics EoarC. (?) to the Fort
!
~ Ritchie !1ilitary Police.
-;
··1• b. 0255 - Two separate patrols £rem Site R reported
:; sighting 3 oblong objects with a reddish ti~t. moving
t east to west. Personnel were located at separate locations
.!
; on top of the ~our.tain at Site R.
~
c. 0300 - Desk Sgt at Site R went tc the top of t~e
'•
1 Site R mountain and observeC. a UFO over the am."!lo storage

l~

t•
area at 100-200 yards altitude.
d. 0345 ·- An Army Police Sgt on the way to work at
Site R reported sighting a UFO in the vicinity o£ Site R.
"~
~
~ 2. ;2~MCC was re~ested to have each incivid~al write a
J stat~~ent on tbe sigh~ings. One indivi6~al stateO the object
l
.' was about the size of a 2 l/2 ton truck .
...,I
I 3. Be sed on a JCS ;:,e~orandum, subject: '!'e.-;:?erature !nvers:i on
~ A."lalysis, dated 1.3 NOJ.'e::lber 1975, the NHCC contac~eci the .r.ir
·I Fo::ce Global i~ea ther Ce;,~ral. The Do.:ty Of::icer, L'!'C o·v::?.:6Y,
; =e?o=~ed that the Dulles I~~ernational ~ir?ort obs~=¥ations
..
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sh~·...~ad ~"-'"Ctemperature inversions e>:isted at the time a: the
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.•bjec~: -:;.eports of Unicen~"-fie:: :::.::.:..ng Ozjec-=s (t:::'·:>s)
(
I
/alleged sightings. The firs~ exten::e:: f:orn t~e su:face to
I 1,000 fee~ absolute and ~he second· exi~ted ~e-=~een 27,000
,1 a~a 30,000 feet, absol~te. Be also ~~.:..:: -=~= a-=~cs;~e"e
I between 12,000 and 20,000 fee~ was t~a~i:y sa-=~=a~ad ~ith
.;' ooi,tuco. h hard copy m""'' "ill '''"o" .

./ ..t.). ~ /:!.".. ....... ~·

-
~
L. J. :..~=::_~..::c,
Brigadie: General, USMC
J=.

• Deputy Director for

i Operations, NMCe
!
! DISTRIBUTION:
'I
J-30
•• J-31
~
~

• J-32
J J-33
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- ·-------. ·- --------. ----- ·--· --.;- -- -

 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH
ARLINGTON. VIRGINIA 22217

Information Sheet

Philadelphia-Experiment; UFO's

.
Over the years the Navy has received innumerable queries about the
socalled "Philadelphia Experiment" or "Project" and the alleged role
of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in it. The majority of these
inquiries are directed to the Office of Naval Research or to the Fourth
Naval District in Philadelphia. The frequency of these queries predict-
ably intensifies each time the experiment is mentioned by the popular
press, often in a science fiction book.

Tne genesis of the Philadelphia Experiment myth dates back to 1955 with
the publication of The case for UFO's by the late Morris K. Jessup.
Some time after the publication of the book, Jessup received correspond-
ence from a Carlos Miguel Allende, who gave his address as R.D. tl, Box
223, New Kensington, PA. In his correspondence Allende commented on
Jessup's took and gave details of an alleged secret naval experiment
conducted by the.Navy in Philadelphia in 1943. During the experiment,
according to Allende, a ship was rendered invisible and teleported to
and from Norfolk in a few minutes, with some terrible aftereffects for
crew mo..rrtrers. Supposedly, this incredible feat was accomplished by
applying Einstein's "unified field" theory. Allende claimed that he had
witnessed the experiment from another ship and that the incident was
reported in a Philadelphia newspaper. The identity of the newspaper has
never been established. Similarly, the identity of Allende is unknown,
and no information exists on his present address.
In 1956 a copy of Jessup's book was mailed anonyrrously to ONR. The pages
of the book were interspersed with hand written cornnents which alleged
a knowledge of UFO's,· their means of motion, the culture and ethos of
the beings occupying these UFO's, described in pseudo-scientific and
incoherent terms.

Two officers, then assigned to ONR, took a personal interest in the

book and showed it to Jessup. Jessup concluded that the writer of
the cornnents on his took was the same person who had written him about
the Philadelphia Experiment. These two officers personally had the book
retyped and arranged for the reprint, in typewritten form, of 25 copies.
Tne officers and their personal belongings have left ONR rrany years ago,
and ONR does not have a file copy of the annotated book.
 REVIEW

OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO REPORT ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
BY A
PANEL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Copyright, National Academy or Sciences, 1969. This book, or any parts

thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission
from t.he publisher except that reproduction in whole, or in part, is
permitted for any use of the United States Government.

'

Attachment 2, pg 4
 Review

of the

University of Colorado Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

by a

Panel of the National Academy of Sciences

The Panel was appointed in the latter t=art of October and early
November 1968. The charge to the Panel was "to provide an independent
assessment of the scope, methOdology, and findings of the (University
of Colorado) study as reflected in the (University's) Report." While
the Panel largely restricted its review to this charge, it was thought
both appropriate and necessary that the Panel become familiar with various
scientific points of view as presented in other publications and reports
by technically trained persons.

It was not the task of the Panel to conduct its own study of UFOs
or to invite advocates, scientifically trained or not, of various points
of view to hearings. The task was to study the University's Report
and to assess: First, its scope; namely, did the Report, in the opinion
of the Panel, cover those topics that a scientific study of UFO !ilenomena
should have embraced? Second, its methodology; namely, did the Report,
in the opinion of the Panel, reveal an acceptable scientific methodology
and approach to the subject? Third, its findings; namely, were the
conclusions and interpretations warranted by the evidence and analyses
as presented in. the Report and were they reasonable?

In the course of its review the Panel consul ted t=apers on the same
subject by technically trained persons (for ellalllple, William Markowitz,
"The Physics and Meta!ilysics of Unidentified Flying Objects," Science,
157 ( 1967), pp. 1274-79. James E. McDonald, "Science, Technology, and
UFOs," presented January 26, 1968, at a General Seminar of the United
Aircraft Research Laboratories, East Hartford, Connecticut. James E.
McDonald, "UFOs- An International Scientific Problem," presented March
12, 1968, at the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute Astronautics
Symposium, Montreal, Canada. James E. McDonald, "Statement on International
• Scientific Aspects of the Problems of Unidentified Flying Objects,"
sent to the United Nations on June 7, 1967. Donald H. Menzel, Flying
Saucers, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, 1952). Donald H. Menzel
and Lyle G. Boyd, The World of Flying Saucers, Doubleday (New York,
1963). Report of Meetings of Scientific Advisory Panel on Unidentified
Flying Objects, January 14-18, 1953. Special Report of the USAF Scientific
Advisory Board ad hoc Committee to Review Project "Blue Book," March, 1966.
Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects, Hearings before the Committee
on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth
Congress, Second Session, July 29, 1968).

Attachment 2, pg 5
 The Panel began its review immediately after the Report became
available on November 15, 1968, by an initial reading of the Report
by each member of the Panel during a two-week period. The Panel convened
on December 2 for a discussion of members' initial assessments, for
consideration of the Panel's charge (scope, methodology, and findings
in the Report), and for delineatidh of further steps in its review.
The latter included the study of other documents presenting views and
findings of technically trained persons (e.g., the documents cited above),
further examination of the Report • s summary and findings, and further
directed study of specialized chapters of the Report by appropriate
members of the Panel. Extensive discussion, both by correspondence
and by telephone, occurred during fhfs period. The Panel met again
on January 6, 1969, to conclude its deliberations and to prepare its
t'indings, which are presented below.

I. SCXlPE

The study by the University of Colorado commenced in October 1966

and continued for about two years. Case studies of 59 reports of UFOs
are presented in detail, with 68 plates; of these, ten reports predated
the project, but were so well documented that they were included. A
chapter is devoted to UFOs in history, one to UFO study programs in
foreign countries, and one to UFOs reported in the 20 years preceding
the study. Ten chapters are devoted to perceptual problems, processes
of perception and reporting, psychological aspects of UFO reports, optics,
radar, sonic boom, atmospheric electricity and plasma interpretations, f:'
balloons, instrumentation for UFO searches, and statistical analyses.
(Twenty-four appendixes add detailed technical background to the study.
Volume 4 concludes with an index of 27 pages.)
In our opinion the scope of the study was adequate to its purpose:
a scientific study of UFO phenomena.
II. METHODOLOGY
As a rule, field trips were made to investigate UFO reports only
if they were less than a year old. The Report states that nearly all
UFO sighting are of short duration, seldom last an hour and usually
for a few minutes. Thus most investigations consisted of interviews
with persons who made reports. Three teams, usually consisting of two
persons each (a physical scientist and a psychologist, were employed
in field investigations where telephonic communication with UFO-sighting
• individuals gave hope of gaining added information. The aim was to
get a team to the site as quickly as possible after a reported sighting.
(It was fo~.md that nearly all cases could be classified in such categories
as pranks, hoaxes, naive interpretations, and various types of misinterpretatio~
A few events, which did not fit these categories, are left unexplained.)

Materials and conditions amenable to laboratory approaches were.

investigated - e.g., alleged UFO parts by chemical analysis, automobile
ignition failure by simulation studies, and UFO photography by photogrammetrir
analyses. (Of 35 photographic cases investigated, nine are said to
give evidence of probable fabrication, seven are classified as natural

Attachment 2, pg 6
 or man-made phenomena, twelve provided insufficient data for analysis,
and seven were considered to be possible fabrications; none proved to
be "real objects with high strangeness.")
Technically trained personnel were utilized by the University.
The University group included a sub-group on field investigations of
UFO reports; their narration and interpretations of cases are reasonable
and adequate. Leading groups were engaged under contract for specialized
work-- e.g., Stanford Research Institute on radar anomalies and a subsidiary
of the Raytheon Corporation for photogrammetric analyses. Divergent
views of those few scientists who have looked into UFOs were taken into
account. The history of the subject was also surveyed, including the
experiences in some other nations. Finally, extensive use was made
of many specialists in various public and private laboratories.
The Report makes clear that with the beat means at our disposal, positive
correlation of all UFO reports with identifiable, known phenomena is
not possible. No study, past, current or future, can provide the basis
for stating categorically that a familiar phenomenon will necessarily
be linkable to every sighting. The Report is free of dogmatism
on this matter. It is also clear, as one goes through the
descriptions of UFO sightings, whether in the Report or in other literature,
that while some incidents have no positive identification with familiar
phenomena, they also have no positive identification with extraterrestrial
visitors or artifacts.
We think the methodologY and approach were well chosen, in accordance
with accepted standards of scientific investigation.
III. FINDINGS
The study concludes (a) that about 90 percent of all UFO reports
prove to be quite plausibly related to ordinary phenomena, (b) that
little if anything has come from the· study of UFOs in the past 21 years
that has added to scientific knowledge, and (c) that further extensive
study of'UFO sightinga is not justified in the expectation that science
will be advanced thereby. At the same time it is emphasized in the
Report that (c) is an opinion based on evidence now available.
The Report's findings and evaluations-- essentially eight in number,
presented in its first section -- are ~oncerned with official secrecy
• on UFOs, UFOa as a possible defense hazard, the future governmental
handling of UFO-sighting reports, and five of them relate to the question
of what if any further investigation of UFOs appear warranted in the
light of the study. We paraphrase and summarize these findings and
evaluations be:ow, appending our comments.

1. On secrecy. Is the subject "shrouded in official secrecy"?

The study found no basis for this contention.
We accept this finding of the study.

Attachment 2, pg 7
 2. On defense. (a} Is there evidence that UFO sightings may represent
a defense hazard? No such evidence came to light in the study. This,
however, was not an objective of the study and was properly construed
as a Department of Defense matter. (b) The Report states: "The history
of the past 21 years has repeatedly led Air Force officers to the conclusion
that none of the things seen, or thought to have been seen, which pass
by the name of UFO reports, constituted any hazard or threat to national
security."

We concur with the position des·cribed in (a}. As to (b), we found

no evidence in the Report or other literature to contradict the guoted
statement.

3. On future UFO sightings. "The question l"emains as to what,

i f anything, the federal government should do about the UFO reports
it receives from the general public?" The Report found no basis for
activity related to such sighting reports "in the expectation that they
are going to contribute to the advance of science," but the Department of
Defense should handle these in its normal surveillance operations with-
out need for such special units as Project Blue Book.
We concur in this recommendation.
4-8. On further investigation. (4) should the federal government
"set up a major new agency, as some have suggested for the scientific
study of UFOs"? The study found no basis for recommendation of this
r
kind. (5) Would further extensive study of UFO sightings contribute
to science? "Our general conclusion is that nothing has come from the
study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to scientific know-
ledge. The Report then notes that specific research topics may warrant
consideration: (6) "There are important areas of atmospheric optics,
including radio wave propagation, and of atmospheric electricity in
which present knowledge is quite incomplete. These topics come to our
attention in connection with the interpretation of some UFO reports,
but they are also of fundamental scientific interest, and they are relevant
to practical problems related to the improvement of safety of military
and civilian flying. Research efforts are being carried out in these
areas by the Department of Defense, the Environmental Science Services
Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and
by universities and nonprofit research.organizations such as the National
• Center for Atmospheric Research, whose work is sponsored by the National
Science Foundation."

The Report also observes (7) that UFO reports and beliefs are also
of interest to "the social scientist and the communications specialist."
In these areas particularly-- i.e., (6) and (7} --the study suggests
(8) that "scientists with adequate training and credentials who do come
up with a clearly defined, specific proposal" should be supported, implying
that normal competitive procedures and assessments of proposals should
be followed here as is customary.

Attachment 2, pg 8
 We concur with these evaluations and recommendations.
IV. PANEL CONCLUSION
The range of topics in the Report is extensive and its various
chapters, dealing with many aspects of the subject, should prove of
value to scholars in many fields. Its analyses and findings are pertinent
and useful in any future assessment of activity in this field. We
concur in the recommendation suggesting that no high priority in UFO
investigations is warranted by data-of the past two decades.
We are unanimous in the opinion that this has been a very credi-
table effort to apply objectively the relevant techniques of science
to the solution of the UFO problem. The Report recognizes that there
remain UFO sightings that are not easily explained. The Report does
suggest, however, so many reasonable and possible directions in which
an explanation may eventually be found, that there seems to be no reason
to attribute them to an extraterrestrial source without evidence that
is much more convincing. The Report also shows how difficult it is
to apply scientific methods to the occasional transient sightings with
any chance of success. While further study of particular aspects of
the topic (e.g., atmospheric phenomena) may be useful, a study of UFOs
in general is not a promising way to expand scientific understanding
of the phenomena. On the basis of present knowledge the least likely
explanation of UFOs is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitations
by intelligent beings.
~erald M. Clemence, chairman; H. R. Crane, David M. Dennison, Wallace
0. Fenn, H. Keffer Hartline, E. R. Hilgard, Mark Kec, Francis W. Reschelderier,
William W. Rubey, C. D. Shane, Oswald G. Villar, Jr.
Attachments:
--List of Panel Members

Attachment 2, pg 9
 MEMBERS OF THE REVIEW PANEL

Gerald M. Clemence, Chairman

Yale University
H.R. Crane Mark ltac

University of Michigan The Rockefeller University

David M. Dennison Francis W. Reichelderfer
University of Michigan Washington, D.C.
Wallace 0. Fenn William W. Rubey
University of Rochester University of California
at Los Angeles
H. Keffer Haneline C.D. Shane
The Rockefeller University Santa Cruz, California
E.R. Hilgard Oswald G. Villard, Jr.
Stanford University Stanford University

Attachment 2, pg 10
 Section 4-SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONS

...s.
AMALGAMATED FlYING SAUCER Q.UBS Of AMERICA (PII••-•1 !AFSCA)
P.O. Box 64
Nor1hr1dge, CA 91324
Pl!one: 1213) 8~38
Gobr•et Gteen. Pres.
Fo,.lllf: 1959. M.-,: 5000. lJal Gnop: 110. "World·widt researdl
·-·
SOCim FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE UNEXPLAINED (PIIOIOIIIII) (SITU)
R.O. Ont
Colu..,ia. NJ 07132
Pl!one: (201) 49&-4366
Albina ZWif'ler. Exec.Sec.
Fo•dllll: 1965. ••-.: 1250. An organiZation "fCI' the acquisihon.
orgamzallon Mth members in all 50 states and in 23 IDrt~c;tn countries fD 1ntonn invest•gat1cn and dissem•nation of informauon on reports ot all tangible items in
tne generalputJhc about the rtaliry ot tlyu'IQ saucers (extraterrestn&l soacecran: the fields ol cnemrsuy. astronomy. geology, b•oloqy and anthropology, that are
ptloted by advanced men and .women trom other planers and star S'f$ll!:mS) m:l not rtad•IY explajned." Encawages fletCI work ano on·the-s~ol investigation by
of ihe~r plan far impartmg tnetr advanced lcnowled~ to ttte people of the Eirth otter•ng adVIce, heto•no to ra•se funds and arrang•ng contacts tor members whO
1n order to resolve oresenl world problems." AFSCA snes as a source ot are plamung field trips and expedi110ns. field work and reseJrdt Jrl reviewed
"CDntacte-onemed" !lying saucer inlormation. inclUding books. photDQraphl. by 1 panel of twenty soemws. D•uemmates •nformatron on tindif111S tnrougtt
eomactee reoons. and sp.ace taoes ("tape recorded messages tram space 1ts Qucrtarly ,ournal. papers and reooru. Curren! •nvestrqauons conducted by
people"). Locat unrts nold public meetings ro promclt knowledge ot tne SiiLICII' SoCiety memoers induat sUCh areas as anCient E;ypuan tetevasion. ringing

...,. ro<*S. entomDed toacts and potteroe•sr nwultstat1ons. The Society maintains
subteCI and serve as sawces tcr information and literature in tneit areas.
Pllilca-: Fly111g Saucers InternatiOnal. qua~•ly. information files ot anginal mattrial. a map eollectrcm and a specialized tibrary.
Ctllao111: Activities: Lobtary. hlliatiw: (1) Pursu1~ Qlllrterly, (2) Annual
Repo"; also publisheS occasional papers and sptCiaJ r'I'G'IL
INTERNATIONAL FORTEAN ORGANIZATION (PII-) (lr.FO)
P.O. Box 367 Pllone: (703) 92~7120 •4851•
Arlington. VA 22210 Paul J. Willis. Oil. UFO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL CENTER (PII•••l {IJRliRC)
fo18lllf: 1965. M110flln: 1500. Scientists, schol•s. and laymen concerned willl P.O. Box 57 Pl!one: (301) 435-0705
new and unusual saemific cUsc:avenes. philosol)tlic ;~roblems pertaining to tht Riderwood. MD 21139 Thomas M. Olsen. Pra.
et11er1a of SCitmlfiC wlidity. and lntot1es of knowledge. Maintains librry of fo18lllf: 1966. T~ COilta. analyZI, publisll and disseminall information on
SOOO wlumes in the phySical. bioiOQICal. and psyChologiCal scienca. Named repo"s ol unidentified fly1ng 001ects. l'lillcalilll: Refwenct fer OutsWldlng
alter Charles Hoy Fort (1874-1932). an Ame<ican jOurnalist wile was interested UFO Sighting Repo"s, itregullr.
in researctUng an!1 documenting unusual and unexplained natural phenomena.
PIMiiiiiMI: (1) Fortean Times. bimonthly; (2) The Into Journal. bimonlllly; (3)
CicaSIOnal Papers. Soptntd•: Fortean Socioty. Cthttlitlllluti"': annual.

•4147•
·-·
AERIAL I'HEIOIIEJIA RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (APRil)
3910E. Kleindalt Rd.
Tucson. A1. 85 712
l'!lone: (602) 793-1825
Coral E. Lortnztn. Sec.· Treas.
Fo•lllt 1952. M•ln: 3000. Sbl: 5. To conduct investigations and researcn
NATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS COM MimE ON AERIAL PMDOMEJIA (NICAP) into the ohenornenon ot unidentifiiO nying objects (UFOsi and to lind a
''35 Un1versity Blvd. W.. Suile 23 Pl!one: (301) ~9-1267 saentllically acceplable solution to this ghenamenon. Has special
nsin<JtOn. MD 20795 Jolin L. Acuff, Pres. representatives in over 50 countries. Uses serVices of ovtt thirty slatf
rOllldlll: 1956. Mtmbtn: 4000. Sill: 5. Persons int•ested in aerial phenomena. consuUanls in fields ranging lrom bioehenustry to astronomy. Maintams
Dan•cularly un•demified Hytng oDjects (UFQs); panel o1 adv•s•s includes COMCAT, computer cataJOQ ol all available UFO r'llcrts· , _ _ , Bulletin,
screnusts. er.grneers. aviation expens. clergymen. retired military officers. and montllly.
professors. To gatner. analyZe. evaluate. and disseminate reliacle information
on aer1a1 ghenomena. Promotes saert1fiC investigation. Field investigations
carried out by lechnically onerneo subeomnunees (35 U.S.). Provides
btbhograonic and source materialS to studentS. ex_cl'lanqe data to scientific
soaet1es and individual soentrsts. and semj..tecnrucat re;~ons to scaent1sts.
Congress. and the press. Maintains targr librry on aerial phenomena. aviation.
astronomy, and collectron of maQaZJnt anides. newsc:~;u~er chopmgs. letters.
and otner documents. Sponsors a lecture program and an exhibit. InvolVed With
a comouter stu<tv. Pro10a ACCESS. Plllli-..a: The U.F.O. lnvtStigator,
monthly; alSO publiShes UFO Evidence: UFO Wave ot 1947: Slrange EffectS tram

......
UFOs. Board of govemcrs m- qU~rWiy.

SAUCER AND UNEXPLAINED taESTIAL EVENTS RESEARCH SOCJm

(l'l!tOOIOIIII) (SAUCERS)
P.O. Box 2228 Pl!one: (304) 269-2719
Clarksburg, wv ~1 Gtay Barker. Exec. Officer
foaalllf: 1954. Mltlllm: 6000. Sial: 3. Persons intoresteo 1n UFO's (unidentified
llytng Ob]eas. popularly called ft'flno saucers). Soonsors monthly lectures in
N!w Vortc City and speeChes 10 coUeges and other •nstrtut1ons tnroughout the
United States. Conducts rese•dl. Mau1tains library ot several thousand UFO
boOkS and periOdlcais. hlfililli•: Newsletter. irregular. Takes part in annual
'onven•on known as 1111 Congress of Sc:ientitie UfOIOQIIIS. Ctmolitt/111111'1:

.....
amllll.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION CENTER FOil SHORT LIVED ,KEJIOM£11

185 AleWIIe BroOit Plly. Pllone: (617) 868-4793
Cambrrdge. MA 02138 Robert Citron, Oir.
fo-j: 1968. Funded by SmiUisonlon Institution. Serves as a c1ear1119 house
for rece•PI. and d•ssemtnallon of ~nformatron concernrn11 rare or infrequent
natural events wn.cn mrgm 90 unobserwd or unmvestioated, sucn as remott
··.arne erupt1ons. birth ot new •stands. tall of meteorrtes and Iaroe fireballs.
. sucoen cnanges in D1otog•caj and ecOiogrcaJ systems. Observers all OVtr
tne world mctuclrng news media. private c•ttzens. individual scientists. and
sc•enulic observatones report on any such snort-hved events. Rapid tum
moD1hzat•on will enaole researcn teams. Mth instruments and eQuiomem. to get
.nto evem areas tn as snort a time as poss•ble to collect data th.it mi;nt
otl'lerw•se be 1os1 to sc•ence. hliiQiiaiS: ( 11 Event lntormauon Reoorts. Cally:
12) E"'nt No•licallon Reports, dilly; (3) AMOal Repon; (4) E""nt Reports,
lfT!QIJiar.
Attachment 2, pg 11
 AFSINC/11 August 1985

l.FO FACT Sl-EET

The Air F or.ce investigation of UFOs began in 1948 and was known as Project Sign.
Later the name was changed to Project Grudge, and in 1953 it became Project Blue Book.
Between 1948 and 1969, the Air Force investigated 12,618 reported sightings.
The following is a statistical listing of reported UFO sightings during the Air Force
investigation:
l.FO SIGHTINGS 1947- 1969
YEAR TOTAL SIGHTINGS U\IIDENTIFIED

1947 122 12
1948 156 7
1949 186 22
1950 210 27
1951 169 22
1952 1,501 303
1953 509 42
1954 487 46
1955 545 24
1956 670 14
1957 1,006 14
1958 627 10
1959 390 12
1960 557 14
1961 591 13
1962 474 15
1963 399 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 16
1966 I, 112 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 I

TOTAL 12,618 701

• Of these total sightings, II ,917 were found to have been caused by material objects
(such as balloons, satellites and aircraft), immaterial objects (such as lightning,
reflections and other natural phenomena), astronomical objects (such as stars, planets, the
sun and the moon), weather conditions and hoaxes. As indicated, only 701 reported
sightings remain unexplained.
On December 17, 1969, the secretary of the Air Force announced the termination of
Project Blue Book.
 ,kt

:~::~r[
·\
'
PROJECT

BLUE
BOOK . .,..

••l
1 FEBRUARY 1966 ,,... '
.

, ....
 PROJECT BLUE BOOK

The United States Air Force has the responsibility under the Department of Defense for the
investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The name of this program, which has been in
operation since 1948, is Project Blue Book. It has been identified in the past as Project Sign and
• Project Grudge •

Air Force interest in unidentified flying objects is related directly to the Air Force responsi-
bility for the air defense of the United States. Procedures for conducting this program are estab-
lished by Air Force Regulation 200-2.

The objectives of Project Blue Book are two-fold: first, to determine whether UFOs pose a
threat to the security of the United States; and, second, to determine whether UFOs exhibit any
unique scientific information or advanced technology which could contribute to scientific or technical
research. In the course of accomplishing these objectives, Project Blue Book strives to identify
and explain all UFO sightings reported to the Air Force.

HOW THE PROGRAM IS CONDUCTED

The program is conducted in three phases. The first phase includes receipt of UFO reports
and initial investigation of the reports. The Air Force base nearest the location of a reported sight-
ing is charged with the responsibility of investigating the sighting and forwarding the information to
the Project Blue Book Office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

If the initial investigation does not reveal a positive identification or explanation, a second
phase of more intensive analysis is conducted bY the Project Blue Book Office. Each case is objec-
tively and scientifically analyzed, and, I! necessary, all of the scientific facilities available to the
Air Force can be used to assist in arriving at an identification or explanation. All personnel asso-
ciated with the investigation, analysis, and evaluation efforts of the project view each report with
a scientific approach and an open mind.

The third phase of the program is dissemination of information concerning UFO sightings,
.evaluations, and statistics. This is accomplished by the Secretary of the Air Force, Office of In-
formation.

The Air Force defines an unidentified flying object as any aerial object which the observer is
unable to identify.

Reports of unfamiliar objects in the sky are submitted to the Air Force from many sources.
These sources include military and civilian pilots, weather observers, amateur astronomers,
business and professional men and women, and housewives, etc.

Frequently such objects as missiles, balloons, birds, kites, searchlights, aircraft navigation
and anticollision beacons, jet engine exhaust, condensation trails, astronomical bodies and meteor-
ological phenomena are mistakenly reported as unidentified flying objects.

The Air Force groups its evaluations of UFO reports under three general headings: (1) identified,
(2) insufficient data, and (3) unidentified.

1
 Identified reports are those for which sufficient specific information has been accumulated and
evaluated to permit a positive identification or explanation of the object.

Reports categorized as Insufficient Data are those for which one or more elements of informa-
tion essential for evaluation are missing. Some examples are the omission of the duration of the
sighting, date, time, location, position in the sky, weather conditions, and the manner of appearance
or disappearance. If an element is missing and there is an indication that the sighting may be of a
security, scientific, technical, or public interest value, the Project Blue Book Office conducts an
additional investigation and every attempt is made to obtain the information necessary for identifi-
cation. However, in some instances, essential information cannot be obtained, and no further action
can be taken.

The third and by far the smallest group of evaluations is categorized as Unidentified. A sight-
ing is considered unidentified when a report apparently contains all pertinent data necessary to
suggest a valid hypothesis concerning the cause or explanation of the report but the description of
the object or its motion cannot be correlated with any known object or phenomena.

TYPES OF UFO IDENTIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS

There are various types of UFO sightings. Most common are reports of astronomical sightings,
which include bright stars, planets, comets, fireballs, meteors, auroral streamers, and other celes-
tial bodies. When observed through haze, light fog, moving clouds, or other obscurations or unusual
conditions, the planets, includillg Venus, Jupiter, and Mars have been reported as unidentified flying
objects. Stellar mirages are also a source of reports.

Satellites are another major source of UFO reports. An increase in satellites reported as UFOs
has come about because of two factors. The first is the increase of interest on the part of the public;
the second is the increasing number of satellites in the skies. Positive knowledge of the location of all
satellites at all times enables rapid identification of satellite sightings. Keeping track of man-made
objects in orbit about the earth is the responsibility of the North American Air Defense Command
Space Detection and Tracking System. This sophisticated electronic system gathers complex space
traffic data instantly from tracking stations all over the world.

Other space surveUlance activities include the use of ballistic tracking and large telescopic cam-
eras. ECHO schedules are prepared by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center at Greenbelt, Maryland,
and schedules of the South/North equator crossings are prepared by the Smithsonian Institution at
Cambridge, Massachusetts. From the data produced by these agencies, satellites mistakenly reported
as UFOs can be quickly identified. Some of these are visible to the naked eye.

Aircraft account for another major source of UFO reports, particularly during adverse weather
conditions. When observed at highaltitudesandatsome distance, aircraft can have appearances rang-
ing from disc to rocket shapes due to the reflection of the sun on their bright surfaces. Vapor or con-
densation trails from jet aircraft will sometimes appear to glow fiery red or orange when reflecting
sunlight. Afterburners from jet aircraftareoftenreportedas UFOs since they can be seen from great
distances when the aircraft cannot be seen.

The Project Blue Book Office has direct contact with all elements of the Air Force and the Fed-
eral Aviation Agency civil air control centers. All aerial refueling operations and special training
flights can be checked immediately. Air traffic of commercial airlines and flights of military aircraft
are checked with the nearest control center, enabling an immediate evaluation of aircraft mistakenly
reported as UFOs. However, since many local flights are not carried, these flights are probable causes
of some reports.

2
 Balloons continue to be reported as UFOS. Several thousand balloons are released each day from
military and civilian airports, weather stations, and research activities. There are several types of
balloons - weather balloons, rawinsondes, radiosondes, and the large research balloons which have
diameters up to 300 feet. At night, balloons carry running lights which cause an unusual appearance
when observed. Reflection of the sun on balloons at dawn and sunset sometimes produce strange ef-
fects. This usually occurs when the balloon, because of its altitudes, is exposed to the sun. Large bal-
loons can move at speeds of over 100 miles per hour when moving in high altitude jet windstreams.
These balloons sometimes appear to be flattened on top. At other times, they appear to be saucer-
shaped and to have lights mounted inside the bag itself due to the sun's rays reflecting through the
• material of the balloon. The Balloon Control Center at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, main-
tains a plot on all Military Upper Air Research Balloons.

Another category of UFO evaluations labeled Other includes missiles, reflections, mirages,
searchlights, birds, kites, spurious radar indications, boaxes, fireworks, and nares.
Aircraft, satellites, balloons, and the like should NOT be reported since they do not fall within
the definition of an unidentified flying object.

I
1

3
 CONCLUSIONS

To date, the firm conclusions of Project Blue Book are: (1) no Wlidentified flying object reported,
investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national
security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings
categorized as unidentified represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of
present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence indicating that sightings categor-
ized as Wlidentified are extraterrestrial vehicles.

The Air Force will continue to investigate all reports of unusual aerial phenomena over the United
States. The services of qualified scientists and technicians will continue to be used to investigate and
analyze these reports, and periodic reports on the subject will be made.

The former Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Mr. Carl Vinson, recently com-
mented on the conduct of the UFO program by the Air Force and stated that Congressional hearings
on this subject are unnecessary.

The Air Force does not deny the posslbUity that some form of life may exist on other planets in
the universe. However, to date, the Air Force has neither received nor discovered any evidence which
proves the existence and intra-space mobility of extraterrestrial life. The Air Force continues to ex-
tend an open invitation to anyone who feels that he possesses any evidence of extraterrestrial vehicles
operating within the earth's near space envelope to submit his evidence for analysis. Initial contact
for this purpose Is through the following address:

PROJECT BLUE BOOK INFORMATION OFFICE

SAFOI
WASHINGTON, 0 C 20330

Anyone observing what he considers to be an Wlidentifled flying object should report It to the
nearest Air Force Base. Persons submitting a UFO report to the Air Force are free to discuss any ·
aspect of the report with anyone. The Air Force does not seek to limit discussion on such reports and
does not withhold or censor any information pertaining to this unclassified program.

4
 •

On December 17, 1969 the Secretary of the Air Force announced the
termination of Project Blue Book.

Th~ decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on an

evaluation of a report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled,
"Scienti fie Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" a review of the Uni ver-
sity of-Colorado's report by the National Academy of Sciences; past
UFO studies; and Air Force experience investigating UFO reports for
two decades.
As a result of these investigations and studies, and experience
gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the conclusions of
Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported, investigated, and evalu-
ated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our
national security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or dis-
covered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as •unidentified"
rep~esent technological developments or principles beyond the range
of present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" are extrater-
restrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force regulation
establishing and controlling the program for investigating and analyzing
UFOs was rescinded. All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
investigation was permanently transferred to the Modern Military Branch,
National Archives and Records Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue,
Washington, D.C. 20408, and is available for public review and analysis.

In 1977, President Carter asked the National Aeronautics and Space

Adrninist~ation (NASA) to look into the possibility of resuming UFO investi-
gations After studying all the facts available, they decided that
nothl~~ would be gained by further investigation. The Air Force agrees
with th3t decision. If, however, firm evidence is found justifying
f~rther investigation, an appropriate agency will be directed to under-
take the effort;..

There are a number of universities and professional scientific

organizations such as the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, Which have considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings
and seminars. In addition, a list of private organizations interested
in aerial phenomena ~~Y be found in Gale's Encyclopedia of Associations
(Edition 9, Val I, pp. 432-3). Such timely review of the situation
~Y ~riv;t~ groups i~s~res that sound evidence will not be overlooked
1'\y the s-.~ient ifi ~ community.

Fo; further referer.~e material, two doc~ments are available from

the tlaticnal Tech:1ical I!'lformation Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Sprinhfi~ld, VA 2?151:

.-~-·.
~ ..... ""--•--·-·
 ~:~entifi~ ~tudv or Unidentified Fl in Ob ect9. Study conducted
by tne !lnivers; ty or Colorado under contract F411 20-76-C-0035. T'lree
volumes. 1,465 p. 68 plates. Photoduplicated hard copie9 or the official
:-ep~·t m3y h'! ordered for $€ per volume, $18 the !let or three, as AD
GS0:97~. AD 680:976, and AD 680:977.

Review or UniversitY or Colo:-ado Report on Unidentified

Flying Objects. Review or report by a panel of the National. Academy
nr Sciences. Nat.ional Academy or Sciences, 1969, 6p. PhotMupl1cat'!d
h~rd copie, may b~ ordered for $3 a9 AD 688:541 .

.'
--
 NON AVA.U.ABILITY OF MATERIALS

The following items are for internal use only and are not available for
distribution to the public. These concern internal managementand procedures
for forwarding UFO reports to the appropriate agency:
'
1. Air Force Regulation 200-2

2. JANAP 146

The Air Force has no films, photographs, maps, charts, or graphs of un-
identified fiying objects. Photographs that have been submitted for evaluation
in conjunction with UFO reports have been determined to be a misinterpreta-
tion of natural or conventional objects. These objects have a positive identifi-
cation.

The Air Force no longer possesses, and thus does not have for distribu-
tion, outdated reports on Project Sign, Project Grudge, Blue Book Special
Report No. 14, and outdated Project Blue Book press releases. Non-military
UFO publications should be requested from the publisher, not the Air Force •

..

5
 SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

Books listed below deal with facts and theories about our solar universe, the sun, planets, comets,
meteorites, the universe, stars, constellations and galaxies; telescopes, the computation of time as
it relates to astronomy, star maps and charts, and the history of astronomy.

SKY & TELESCOPE, by Sky PublishingCorporation,HarvardCollege Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

02138. Monthly Magazine, 60 cents per copy.

WEATHER ELEMENTS, by BLAIR, published Prentice Hall. Has an excellent chapter on often mis-
identified weather phenomena. ·

PLANETS, STARS, AND SPACE, by CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH M. & NICHOLSON, THOMAS D. An

illustrated, non-technical explanation of the earth, planets, stars, and the universe. Prepared in co-
operation with the American Museum of Natural History. ·

JUNIOR SCIENCE BOOK OF STARS, by CROSBY, PHOEBE. An easy-to-read, exciting story of what
scientists know about the stars, planets, the moon, and the MILKY WAY.

CHALLENGE OF THE UNIVERSE, by HYNEK, J. ALLEN & ANDERSON, NORMAN. Discusses the
nature of the universe; astronomy and cosmology, published by Scholastic Press.

THE STORY OF THE STARS, by MALONEY, TERRY. An introduction to the universe; our solar sys-
tem, our galaxy, and other galaxies. Manyinterestiogillustrated analogies help bulld concepts of size
and distance. Includes references to the Van Allen radiation belts and zodiacal light observation of
1960.

THE WORLD OF FLYING SAUCERS, by MENZEL & BOYD. A scientific examination of the classic
UFO reports.

THE MOON, METEORITES.ANDCOMETS,Dtd1963,byMIDDLEHURST & KUIPER. Continuous analy-

sis of Soviet moon photos. Chapter on Siberian meteorite and photos or comets computation of vari-.
ous comet orbital photos.

THE NATURE OF LIGHT AND COLOR IN THE OPEN AIR, by MINNAERT, Dover Publications. This
is· an excellent paperback written in understandable lay language.

METEORS, by OLIVIER. Standard te~t by foremost authority on meteors.

PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF M.>.RS, 1905-1961, by SLIPHER, E. C., published by Lowell Observa-

tory.

A!'!ATOMY OF A PHENO:\IE:-i'ON, by VALLE, JACQUES.

FIRST MAN TO THE MOO:-i, by VON BRAUN, WERNHER.

6
 • •

.. (&1\· ..
• '~~<}
.·~
•
•
Fact Sheet
. r~~" .
.. ....... ..
~-.:.~. ~: .. United States Air Force
Secretary of the Air Force. Olllce of Public Mairs, Washington. D.C. 20330

INFORMATION OP QPOs

Thank you for your request for information on the Air Force's
investigation of unidentified flying objects, or UFO's.
The Air Force investigation of UFO's began in 1948 and was
known as Project Sign. Later the name was changed to Project
Grudge, and in 1953, it became Project Blue Book. Between 1948
and 1969 we investigated 12,618 reported sightings.
Of these sightings, 11,917 were found to have been caused by
material objects (such as balloons, satellites, and aircraft),
immaterial objects (such as lightning, reflections, and other
natural phenomena), astronomical objects (such as stars, planets,
the sun, and the moon>, weather conditions, and hoaxes. As
indicated, only 701 reported sightings remain unexplained.
On December 17, 1969, the Secretary of the Air Force
announced the termination of Project Blue Book. The decision to
discontinue UFO investigations was based on an evaluation of a
report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled,
nscientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;• a review of the
University of Colorado's report by the National Academy of
Sciences; past UFO studies; and the Air Force's two decades of
experience investigating UFO reports. ·
- .
As a result of these investigations, studies, and experience,
the conclusions of Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported,
investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any
indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has been
no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that
• sightings categorized as nunidentified" represent technological
developments or principles beyond the range of present day
scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as •unidentified• are
extraterrestrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force
regulation establishing and controlling the program for
investigating and analyzing UFOs was rescinded. All documentation
regarding the former Blue Book investigation was permanently
transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and
Record Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC 20408,
and is available for public review and analysis.
 In 1977, President Carter asked the National A~ronautics and
Space Administration (NASAl to look into the possibility of resuming
UFO investigations. After studying all.the facts available, NASA
decided that nothing would be gained by further investigation. The
Air Force agrees with that decision. If, however, firm evidence is
found justifying further investigation, an appropriate agency will be
directed to undertake the effort.
There are a number of universities and
UFO SIGBTINGS BY YEAR professional scientific organizations such
as the American Association for the
::aAR TOTAL UNIP EN'l' I E.liJ2 Advancement of Science, which have
1947 112 12 considered UFO phenomena during periodic
1948 156 7 meetings and seminars. In addition, a list
1949 186 22 of private organizations interested in
1950 210 27 aerial phenomena may be found in Gale's
1951 169 22 Encyclopedia of Associations. Such timely
1952 1501 303 review of the situation by private groups
1953 509 42 insures that sound evidence will not be
1954 487 46 overlooked by the scientific community.
1955 545 24
1956 670 14 For further reference material, two
1957 1006 14 documents are available from the National
1958 627 10 Technical Information Service, u.s.
1959 390 12 Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal
1960 557 14 Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
1961 591 13
1962 474 15
1963 399. 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 16
1966 1112 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 1

TOTAL: 12,618 701

..
 AERIAL PHENCt-'ENA STUDY ORGANIZATIONS

S)CtiTT POl rD ItnSTIGinC. or Til ft'DJ'LUI'D

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~
 • • •
* ·'""~·
~ * ~ FactSheet
: ~.:
........
.,
United States Air Force
Secretary of the Air Force, Office of Public Affairs. Washington, D.C. 2033G-1000

87-34
Unidentified Flying Objects
'
History • There has been no evidence Indicating that
sightings categorized as "unidentified" are
The Air Force began investigating UFOs in 1948 under extraterrestrial vehicles.
a program called Project Sign. Later the program's name Between 1948 and 1969 the Air Foree investigated
was changed to Project Grudge, and In 1953 H became 12,618 reported UFO sightings. Of these, 11,917 were
known as Project Blue Book. On Dec. 17, 1969, the found to have been caused by material objects such
secretary of the Air Foree announced the termination as balloons. satellites, and aircraft: immaterial objects
of Project Blue Book. such as lightning, reflections, and other natural
The decision ~ discontinue UFO Investigations was phenomena: astronomical objects such as stars, planets,
based on a number of factors. including reports and studies the sun, and the moon; weather cond~ions; and hoaxes.
by the University of Colorado and the National Academy Only 701 reported sightings remain unexplained
of Sciences. as weD as past UFO Sludles and the Air Force's
two decades of experience investigating UFO reports. More Information Available
As a result of these Investigations, studies, and
'!lienee, the conclusions of Project Blue Book were: All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
No UFO reported, Investigated and evaluated by investigation was permanently transferred to the Modem
the Air Foree has ever given any Indication of threat Military Reference Branch, National Archives and
to our national security.· Records Administration, 8th and Pennsylvania Ave.,
• There has been no evidence submitted to or Washington, D.C. 20408, and is available for public
discovered by the Air Foree that slghtings categorized review. A list of private organizations interested in aerial
as "unidentified" represent technological developments phenomena can be found in Gale's Encyclopedia of
or principles beyond the range of present-day scientific Associations, available in the reference section of most
knowledge. libraries.

Local Reproduction Authorized October 1987

 IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 17, 1969 NO. 1077-69
OXford 7-5131 (Info.)
OXford 7-3189 (Copies) '
"·f
iI.
AIR FORCE TO TERMINATE
PROJECT "BLUE BOOK"

Secretary of the Air Force Robert C. Seamans, Jr., announced

today the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force program
for the investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs).

In a memorandum to Air Force Chief of Staff General John D. Ryan,

Secretary Seamans stated that ''the continuation of Project Blue Book
cannot be justified either on the ground of national security or in
i.
! •.·

the interest of science,'' and concluded that the project does not merit [c
future expenditures of resources. 'I
'
The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on:

- An evaluation of a report prepared by the University of

~rado entitled, ''Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects.''

- A review of the University of Colorado's report by the

National Academy of Sciences. .~
.-
- Past UFO studies.

Air Force experience investigating UFO reports during the past

two decades.

Under the direction of Dr. Edward U. Condon, the University of

Colorado completed an 18-month contracted study of UFOs and its report
was released to the public in January, 1969. The report concluded that
little if anything has come from the study of UFOs in the.past 21 years
that has added to scientific knowledge, and that further extensive
study of UFO sightings is not justified in the expectation that science
will be advanced.

T-he- University of Colorado report also states that, "It seems that
only so much attention to the subject (UFOs) should be give as the
Department of Defense deems to be necessary strictly from a defense point
of view •... It is our impression that the defense function could be
performed within the framework established for intelligence and sur-
-~eillance operations without the continuance of a special unit such as·
'ect Blue Book, but this is a question for defense specialists rather
11
.l research scientists.

A panel of the National Academy of Sciences made an independent

assessment of the scope, methodology, and findings of the University of

MORE
 .. ·~.

i
-2- I
II
I
Colorado study. The panel concurred in the University of Colorado's
recommendation that "no high priority in UFO invest.igations is
I.
warrant.ed by data of the past two decades.'' It concluded by stating 1 ...

that, "On the basis of present knowledge, the least likely explanation .'.·· . ·
of UFOs is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitations bi... intelligent
I....·

beings."

Past UFO studies include one conducted by a Scientific Advisory i' ..

i''
Panel of UFOs in January, 1953 (Robertson Panel); and, a review of
Project Blue Book by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc
Committee, February-March, 1966 (Dr. Brian O'Brien, Chairman). These
studies concluded that no evidence has been found.that any of the UFO
reports reflect a threat to our national security.

As a result of investigating UFO reports since 1948, the

conclusions of Project Blue Book are: (1) no UFO reported, investi-
gated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication
of threat to our national security; (2) there has been no evidence
submitted or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized (<.'.
''unidentified" represent technological developments or principles
Jnd the range of pre~ent-day scientific knowledge; and (3) there
has been no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as ''unidenti-
fied" are extraterrestrial vehicles,
' ·::
Project Blue Book ·records will be retired to th~ USAF Archives, ,.··
Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Requests for information will
cont.inue t.o be handled by t.he Secretary of the Air Force, Office of
Information (SAFOI), Washington, D.C. 20330.
i'
END I
i
'

I
i
 tJFO FACT SHEET
The Air Force investigation of UFO's began in 1948 and was known
as Project Sign. Later the name was changed to Project Grudge, and
in 1953, it became Project Blue Book. Between 1948 and 1969 we investi-
gated 12,618 reported sightings.
The following is a statistical listing of reported UFO sightings
during the Air Force investigation:
TOTAL UFO SIGHTINGS, 1947 - 1969

n:!!!. TOTAL SIGHTINGS UNIDENTIFIED

1947 122 12
1948 156 7
1949 186 22
1950 210 27
1951 169 22
1952 1,501 303
1953 509 42
1954 487 46
1955 545 24
1956 670 14
1957 1'006 14
1958 627 10
1959 390 12
1960 557 14
1961 591 13
1962 474 15
1963 399 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 16
1966 1' 112 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 1

TOTAL 12,618 701

Of these total sightings, 11,917 were found to have been caused
by material objects (such as balloons, satellites, and aircraft), immaterial
objects (such as lightning, reflections and other natural phenomena),
astronomical objects (such as stars, planets, the sun and the moon),
weather conditions and hoaxes. As indicated only 701 reported sightings
remain unexplained.

Attachment 2, pg 1
 On December 17, 1969 the Secretary of the Air Force announced the
termination of Project Blue Book.
The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on an
evaluation of a report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled,
"Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" a review of the Univer-
sity of Colorado's report by the National Academy of Sciences; past
UFO studies; and Air Force experience investigating UFO reports for
two decades.
As a result of these investigations and studies, and experience
gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the conclusions of
Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported, investigated, and evalu-
ated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our
national security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or dis-
covered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as "unidentified"
represent technological developments or principles beyond the range
of present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" are extrater-
restrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force regulation
establishing and controlling the program for investigating and analyzing
UFOs was rescinded. All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
investigation was permanently transferred to the Modern Military Branch,
National Archives and Records Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue,
Washington, D.C. 20408, and is available for public review and analysis.
!n 1977, President Carter asked the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) to look into the possibility of resuming UFO investi-
gations. After·studying all the facts available, they decided that
nothing would be gained by further investigation. The Air Force agrees
with that decision. If, however, firm evidence is found justifying
further investigation, an appropriate agency will be directed to under-
take the effort.
There are a number of universities and professional scientific
organizations such as the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, which have considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings
and seminars. In addition, a list of private organizations interested
in aerial phenomena may be found in Gale's Encyclopedia of Associations
(Edition 8, Vol I, pp. 432-3). Such timely review of the situation
by private groups insures that sound evidence will not be overlooked
by the scientific community.
For further reference material, two documents are available from
the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, VA 22151:

Attachment 2, pg 2
 Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. Study conducted
by the University of Colorado under contract F44620-76-C-0035. Three
volumes, 1,465 p. 68 plates. Photoduplicated hard copies of the official
report may be ordered for $6 per volume, $18 the set of three, as AD
680:975, AD 680:976, and AD 680:977.
Review of University of Colorado Report on Unidentified
Flying Objects. Review of report by a panel of the National Academy
of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 1969, 6p. Photoduplicated
hard copies may be ordered for $3 as AD 688:541.

3
Attachment 2, pg 3
•

TOTAL UFO (OBJECT) SIGHTINGS

(Compiled 17 Jan 66)

TOTAL
YEAR SIGHTINGS UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE

1947 122 12 Case Files

1948 156 7 Case Files
1949 186 22 Blue Book, page 108
1950 210 27 Case Files
1951 169 22 Case Files
1952 1,501 303 Blue Book, page 108
1953 509 42 Case Files
1954 487 46 Case Files
1955 545 24 Case Files
1956 670 14 Case Files
1957 1,006 14 Case Files
1958 627 10 Case Files
1959 390 12 Case Files
1960 557 14 Case Files
1961 591 13 Case Files
1962 474 15 Case Files
1963 399 14 Case Files
1964 562 19 Case Files
1965 886 16 Case Files
10,147 646

..

7
 STATIIITlC.U. DATA P'OR YEARS 1153-11114

TOTAL CASES BY CATI:GORT (CompUed I N. . 85)

1153 1154 1!!! .!.!!! 1157 usa lUI !!!!! !!!! ~ ~ 11114 ~
AAtroaomlcal n5 137 135 222 :141 231 144 235 203 138 15 123 21n
.Ureratt
Ballooo ,.
13 10
13
124
102
141
13
211
114
101
5I
13
31
ee
22
":1
37
ea
19
73
21
71
20
un
885
lnwfflc1ent Data 103 132 111 es 115 14 5I II 1241
Other "
82 sa
IS
85 81
Ill
120 13 n
lOS
14 71 e5 5I 81 IU
Satellite
UnldentUif'd
0
42
0
4B
0
24
0
14 •
14
II
10
0
12
21
14
n
13
11
15
12
14
142
II
417
237
TOTAL 500 m -m iiO f6iii m 180 m m m m $81 "ffi7
ASTRONOMIC .U. SIGRTINGS

Meteora
Star1 and Planeta
Other
TOTAL m
70
101
4
.
12

1
m m m
"
52
4
ee
131
3
111
144
II
"1il"
Ul
56

m'
100
40
•
Iii
U7

-m
4S
3
111
78

10!•
IS
38
rn
5
57
Z3
""'R
5
m'
61
55
IZU
105
n
m'l
OTHER CASES

Houes. Rallue!naUona,
Unreliable R~r--• and
Psychalott1Cal C=-•• u e II II 37 21 14 13 n II u :14 228
MlnUea and Rockets 2 1 I 3 : e 14 12 13 9 13 7 13
Reneet1ol\l
naru and Flr....::-YB
4 8 4 3 •• 7 11 I 3 3 0 2 54
I 4 8 8 I 3 5 7 4 3 3 7 5I

•3 14•2 •
Mlrues and Merstona 3 2 I : 2 4 5 3 ~ 2 37
Search and Groundllc:bta I I IZ I 5 I I 3 : 8 II
Clouds and Contnils
Cball
8
0 2 0
I
I
I
2
5
• 1
3 4
4 3
5
•
5
5
2
0
I
n
21

n•
Blrda 7 2 8 I I 0 3 z 2 2 4 :14
Radar Analysis 7 1 8 27 3 I 8 g 0 I 2 87
Photo AnalyaiJI I 1 2 4 I 7 4 e 3 z 3 8 40
Phvateal Soeetmen<~
Satellite Df'Cay
I
0
8
0
5
0
3
0
5
0
10
I
3
0
7
I
4
3
n
3
3
4 •
3
70
Z3
Other 1 1 4 0 I 5 3 3 4 z 4 e 48
TOTAL 62 5i ""'R 61 -rn -n 1f Oi ~
bi """"li "'1i TIT

8
 STATISTICS FOR 1Ge5

(Co111pi.led 18 Jan 1888)

JAN m ~ ~ ~ JUN ~ ~ ~ E£!. NOV DEC ~

ASTRONOMIC>. L 10 8 II 4 2 10 21 82 30 27 22 12 245
AIRCRAFT II a 14 II 14 7 32 81 20 13 14 5 210
BALLOON 3 2 I 3 0 3 7 a 2 7 0 2 38
INSCFFICIENT DATA 5 4 2 4 4 2 18 24 15 5 3 I a5
OTHER II a 7 8 5 a g 4Z 7 g II 3 12a
SATELLITE 4 5 5 5 15 5 4Z 41 24 3 0 3 152
UXlDE~"TlFIED I 0 2 I I 0 2 4 4 0 I 0 18
PE~DISG 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 2 2 a 4 2 17
TOTAL 45 35 ii 38 ii 33 135 2a2 104 . 70 u 2i m
ASTRONOMICAL CASES

~ m ~ g!_ ~ Jt1N :!!!!: ~ ~ .29: !!2! !!!£. ~

!\oteteors a a a 2 2 4 14 2a 13 a 8 5 101
St:J.rs :Lnd Planeu 3 I 3 2 0 5 10 55 Ia 20 13 7 135
Othor Ia lb 0 0 0 lc 3d le Ia II 0 0 8
TOTAL iO i IT i I 10 21 ii "!0 27 II n 245

tal ~o~r Image (b) Moon (c) SUn (d} Reflected Moonllcht, Parheha. Moon (e) Reflected Moonlieht (f) Comet Ikeya·Selri

OTHER CATEGORY

~ m ~ ~ ~ Jt1N ~ ~ ~ .29: ~ ~ ~
Hoaxes, Halludnations,
Unrel~ble R~rt.s ancl
Psycholopcal Causes 5 3 4 I 2 2 12 I 3 0 0 34
~1ssiles and Rocket. I 3 I I 3 I 10
Refiectiona I I 2 I I I 7
Flues anct FireworkS I I 4
:'otir:ures and lnversaon.s 2 3 5
Sutch :~.l'ld Ground Lights 2 0 0 0 I 2 0 0 2 0 8
Clouds and C ontraU. I I I 3
Chaff I I
Birds 2 2 3 II
Phvstcal Sp.,cameons lc lr lw 3
R:tdar .~n.alysi.s 1e I( 3omn lm a
Photo Analysis 2dl ld lj 2kj 5x II 12
Satellite Decay 0 I I 0 I 0 2 0 0 I 8
Miscell~neous Zab Zb1 lb 4sbbb lb 3tuv 13
TOTAL IT i 'i i 5 6 i 41 'i 9 ti" 3 m
• tal Tracer Bullets (b) MUituerpretation of Connntional Objecu (e) Metal Ball (d) Developer Smnr (el Anomalous Propaptioa
tO Kites Ill Eleetron..ic Counter Meuures (h) Debris in Wind (j) No Image on Film (k) Poor Photo Process {11 Free Fallinc Object
(ml F:~.lse T~f'II!'U ~n) Weather Returns (p) Emulslon n.aws (r) Pb.shc Bags (s) Man on Ground (t) L.1ghtrunc (u) Chemical TraU.
from Research RI)Cket (v) Missile t.unc:h Activity (w) Count

·'

9
 FIREBALL REPORT

Persons observing a fireball or meteor sbould report the Information to

the American Meteor Society. The Information desired is contained below.

A very brilliant meteor or fireball is re- possible, and due credit given. It is only by the
ported to have passed in your vicinity on ~ ••• help of those ·who can give personal information
at the hour of •••••• Will you please answer that data can be secured for the computation of
as fully as possible the following questions, the orbits of meteors. These data are of great
which are asked on behalt of the American Me- scientific value and all reasonable efforts should
teor Society in order that permanent records of be made to obtain them. Youwillbeunable prob-
such phenomena may be obtained. Wben these ably to answer all questions below, but answer
reports are published each contributor whose those you can, as they may be of the greatest
report is fairly complete will be mentioned, if importance.

10
 (1) Give your name and address.

(2) Where were you when you saw the meteor? (If the town is small please give county as well.)

(3) Give the date, hour and minute when the meteor appeared; also kind of time used.

(4) In what direction did it appear (or in what direction was it first seen)? This is not asking in what
direction it was going 1

(5) In what direction did it disappear (or in what direction was it last seen)? For questions 4 and 5,
simply N, E, S, or W is not accurate enough, unless these were the exact directions. If compass
is used, state it; also if magnetic correction has been applied to compass reading.

(6) At what height did it appear? (Use degrees in answering.)

{7) At what height did it disappear? (Use degrees in answering.)

(8) Did it pass directly overhead (i.e., through the zenith)?

(9) If not, to which side of the zenith did it go, and how far from it? (Use degrees in answering.)

(10) Did it appear to reach the horizon? What sort of a horizon have you?

(11) What angle did the path of the meteor make with the horizon and in which direction was it then
going?

(12) If you are familiar with constellations describe the path of the meteor through the sky with
reference to stars.

(13) Did the meteor appear to explode?

(14) What was the duration of its flight in seconds?

(15) Describe the train if one was left. If it lasted long enough to show drift, most carefully tell in
what direction train drifted. Give sketch, if possible, showing this with regard to horizon.

(16) What was the duration of the train in seconds?

(17) Did you hear any sound? How long after seeing the meteor was it before you heard this
sound?

Did you hear an actual explosion? How long after seeing the explosion was it before you heard it?

(18) Of what color was the meteor?

(19) What was the size of the meteor? (Compare It with the Moon or with a planet or star.)

(20) Was more than one body seen before the explosion (if any)?

(21) What was condition of sky at time?

(22) Give names and addresses of others who saw the meteor.

(23) Please mJ.il this reply to

Charles P. Oliver
AMERICAN METEOR SOCIETY
521 N. Wynnewood Ave
Narberth, Pennsylvania 19072
 \ .-
NMCC
THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER
· WASHINGTON. D.C. 20301
I

TH!; .JOINT STAtrP" 29 October 19 7 5

0605 EST,

MEHOR.l\NDUH FOR RECORD

::::::::.-:.::.
Subject: AFB Penetration

1. At 290200 EST AFOC informed ~!CC that an unidentified

·helicopter, possibly. two, had been sighted· flying lm., over
· Loring
. AFB Maine,
. in proximity
. . .
to. a \•reapons
. storage area.
2. An Army National Guard helo was ·called in to assist in
. locating the unidentified helo(s).
· 3 •. NORAD:was informed of! the incident by SAC, requested and
recieved authority. from Canadian officials to proceed into
·Canadian airspace if necessary to locate the.intruder.
4. At 0404 . SAC Command Center informed
. , .. NMCC that the arcy helo
assisting on the scene had not sighted the unidentified helo(s).
5. A similar incident was reported'at Loring the evening of
28 October 1.975 •

dCW:..c.- ~-
c. D. ~OBERTS, JR.
Brigadier General, USHC
r
-- •

Peputt Director for

Operations (NMCC)

Distribution:
CJCS (5) CSA PA REP
DJS (3) CNO. WEST HEL-l DESK
J-30 CSAF NWSB
J-31 . CMC NMCC BRIEFER
J-32 CH 1 ~·n·lMCCS CPS & EVAL OIV
J-32A DDO (NMCC)
J-33 ADDO (NHCC)
J-34
J-35
.
'
eeoc (NMCc)
DIA REP FOR NHIC
!
J-38 ! NSA REP
CIA REP
 DDO u?D;,.T:s I
P£ 0: 290LOO ES~ OCT 75·
E
~~~ .-. .
-:. 290200 ~51' Oct 75, from
•
.:...o::.in~ .r.r-r:., !-:3 iri:;i.ca~i~0 t)'·ict one u;!i;.ie;::-:i£i:::·f.· ::~~ i-:-c.;;::ter, ;:-o::si.::--ly
~wo h~}ico?ters, h~d .oenet!·ated Loring AFB fro~ C~nb~ian te=~itor·: .
.-:it.J: one h.::lico?7cr Jan<!ing briefly ir, p!·o:-:ij!";ity to a \·te?.?Cns storaoe
::._ ~~~~-o~s
-··ea •. s·-1.. 1..~1<· ~0
t...
• -1oca~-
.,. ~- or
- 'c-~n~~;,
--~ . ~he 1·~~,-\,~~~g h•ll"co-~ers
..l.. .__..__: :-'I.. ,..
I- ••'-- k
-'\'
...... _ . 1 • .__
-
~~ Army 1:2tionaJ Guard helicopter ~ere unsucc~szful. Sightinqs o~
the ~~ide~ti~ie~ helicopte={s) were limited to security gu~rds. A
simil~r inci6~~~ with a single heliccpter occurred during ~he early
mor:1i:1g of 28 Oct 75. Permission has been g::-anted by Canac'.iar.
a~thc~ities to give purs~it into Canadian airsp~ce if s~bsequent
contact is effectec by U.S. helicopters .

•
 DDO uPD:::.':'E

F.S OF 291300 EST OCT 75

<IJ .f..t c.pprc:-:i.mately 290100 EST Oct 75, one unidenti:ied heli-
co?t.er v:as sighted 300 to 500 meters from the v1eapons storage
a::-ea at Loring ~.FB, .l':aine.· The helicopter v:as at an altitude
of 150 feet and penetrated Loring ~.FB. An attempt to cor.tact
and identify the intruding helicopter was made by an Army
National Guard helo, and was unsuccessful. At 290300 EST the
helicopter was sighted over the weapons storage area and the
Army ·l~ational Guard helicopter again responded to make contact
but \''as unsuccesful. Loring has coordinated with the Maine
S:tate Police and the Royal Canadian Hounted Police and plans to
pursue into Canada, if necessary, if there is a reoccurrence.
(SOURCE: 42 Bvl OP LORING AFB 29ll40Z OCT 75).)
 •.

AS 0? 292200 EST OC~ 75

t#J At a??roximately 290100 EST Oct 75, one unidentified helico;::ter

~as sighted 300 to 500 meters fro~ the weapons storage area at
7. . o=ing .~E, ~~aine. The helico?te!.· was at an altitude of 150 feet
and penet::..·ated Lo:::-ing AFB. An attempt to contact anC identify the
i.ntrudinc helico::>ter was made bv a:1 Arr.Jv National Guard helo, and
~as unsu~cessful: At 290300 EST the heiicopter was sighted over
the. weapons storage area and the A=·Y National Guard helicopter
again respo:1ded to make contact but \vas unsuccessful. The CSAF
(O;:>s Div) has requested that the Army NG helo be provided until
300800 EST under the following conditions: To track and identify
the intruder; no apprehension to take place; the Canadian Border
·...·ould not be crossed; and civilian police on board \dll be for
co~~o with ground units only. The request is under consideration
by l·lG Snifin, DA Director of O;:>e:rations, DCSOPS. Col Bailey, ~:il
1~ to Special Asst to SECDI:?/CEPSECDEF has been advised of the
s_ 3tion shculG Do:> u.pproval be required. The State Departr.tent
:an~dian Desk O!ficcr has been ke?t in£crrnet. (SOURCE: ~2 BW CF
LORI~G A?E 2911402 OCT 75; SAC C? OPS CONTROL 29195~Z OCT 75)
r::::::::.":.:.

,_._._._._____________

f:.:.::.:a=:.:
::::::.~·::.

{ifit~~
,_,,-:,-:·E·
iN!fiil~
~·.-:.;::::::
 .-, __ .··

DDO UPDATE AS OF 300600 EST OCT

l#J At aooroximatelv 290100 EST Oct 75, an unicentified helicc,?ter

was sjgh~~d at an altitude of 150 feet at approximately 300 to 500
r.;!'!te!"s fro:n a ;-:eapons storage area at Loring AFB, l·iEo h.t 290300 EST
0-:t 75, the -~niOentified helicor:ter v:as sighted ever the v;ea!)o;;s
storage a::-ec. 0 In both instances, an .P.::-:ny Nc. tional Guard (NG) heli-
copter res;>o:v:J.eC, bu-:. v:as unab1 e to contact or identify the i.:J~1.·uCer.
HG Sniffin, D.A Di::.·ector for Op:s, DCSO?S, approveC the :f:Jllo-:.-:in:;
pl·ocec·.a·es for any similar incident effective until 300800 EST
Oct 7 5:
'
- NG helicopter and crew placed in "full time tl·aining duty"
(FT7D) .

NG helicopter may enter Canadian airspace \'o'ith consent of

Canadian authorities.

- NG helicopter emploj~ent limited to tracking and identification.

- or,ly ~ oS. ::;i li tary personnel a no if considered necessary

rep:re.scn:.ati ves £rorr, the F3I, FJl_!:._, and Border Petr-ol \·.~ill :,e
errJ:.ar·~~ecf in the NG :r'lelicopte!r.

(SOuRCE: 42 Bl-1 CP LO:i':.!NG A?B 291140Z OCT 75; P:iOI-:CON DDO/INTERES'!'ED

ACTIVITIES)_

•
 DDO UPDATE AS OF 301300 EST OCT

-----·····
i#) At a;:::?rc~::.:r.ately 290100 EST Oct 75, an unidentified helicc::ter
~~s sighte~ at an altitude of 150 feet at approxi~ately 300 tc-500
!:let.ers fro~ c. \\·eapor:s storage area at Loring AFB, HE. At 2?0300 ;;:::·.':".":"."."."
---···········
EST Oct 75, the u:1i:ler:tified helico?te:r ·_.:as sighteC. o·~'er the ;...,ecp~r.s :::::::::::=::
stc:!.·ac:e area. In both instances, an ~.. :..-my 1'\c.tion=.l Guard (!~G) heli-
copte~ r~S?~~6ed, bu~ ~as unable to contac~ o~ ieen~ify the intruder.
Procedures were i~ple~e11ted to t=ack ane identify the uni6e~~ifie~
helicopter should it return during the evening of 29 Oct. ~he
helicopter did not return that evening_ Air Force is plan~ing to
utilize an Air Force helicopter from PlattEbur;h AFB for fu~ure
operations. (SOURCE: 42 B'\"1 CP LORING AFB 291140Z OCT 75; ?HO:-ICON
N~lCC/AFOC)

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• ~~ ~~l72 A VISUAL S!GHTLhG ~F AN UNlDENTifiEC O~JECT ~AS
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.
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. ; PASS TO 45AO ~C i
.~ J?ND eoHB WI~G LoRING Al~ FO~CE 84SE. MAl~!.
1 J':" 29~~~07 A ~IGH!!NG ~AS MAOE OF A kEL::o~!E~ !~ '!M!
·~ ~~SATIO~ AS T~E siGH7INb LAST NIGHT.
~···:PEFI QPR~P-~ PINNACLE JJe033~ VISUAL CO~TACT •AS ftace J;t !C eaa
f M~T~RS FRr~ T~E wEAPONS STORAGE AREA AT A~ AL!l1UOE Of lelF~.
r .~7 2~~;;17 AJR GuARD HELICCPTE101 . -
2§971~ WAS LAUNcHED euT ~~OE,NEGATIVE VISUAL ~O~TAtT. !"~ ~!~%
; \DS VISUALLY siGHTED BY C~C AT 29t"Bt!2l OHR TnE I>I:OAPC!'>S ~!CU;l
• ~~~ LOCAL Gt•APD HELICOPTER WAs AIRBORN AT 29e~a7Z ~UT A~Al- "ACt
 JOINT tHIEFS OF STAFF
'
&IE:SAGE CENTER
f-:--.··
~
I .
. ...
I NCI I:ONTACTo THE UNKNO~N-;.:l·~C·RAFTI DIC NOT DISFI.AY Ll,GHTlNG.
C'OU»D PE~Sn~NEL WERE A,LE TO DIRECT THE AIR ~UARO HELICCPTER TD
WIT~IN tC'Q~T 0? THE UNKNOWN AIRCRAFT, WITH eOTH HELICD?TERS I~
C~GHT, nu1 oiSUAL AC0UI3!TION
~lJ N~l ~JD!. Du~ING 7Hia ~!~!OD A XC•t3a ~~5 0~31TING A7 5D3~'1
~l~ TO ~3D I~ !~21lil~iCATION AND TO ACT AS R~UlU RtLAY.
AT ~~a~~~z ALL coNTACY ~AS LOST. - .
'%f %9 ~Ul C~rN!O~ THAT THE UH~NO~N HELICOPTER HAS DEMOHSTRATED
A t~EA~ l~Tr~T'!N T~E ~EAPONS sTO~AGE AREA, 1~ SMART AND A HOST
C~PADL~ A~lAtCR. -
LC:~L sECuRITY HAS BEEN l~CREASEO. ~E ANTICIFAT~ FURTHER INCICE~
. ~~:t~C~~~LT, ~E· ~ILL REQUEST THE CONTINUED P"~SENtE CF AIR GUARD
~!L!tC?T~AS~ . .. ·
. t! ~La~' 10 PURSUf! INTO CAtiADA .IF NECESSARY •
t;:£ .,.~VI! CeC~rliNn!D N%TH ~~IN! STATE POLICE AhD THE ROYAL.tltiADI
i . ~~tiMT£0
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PCLJC!~AND HAVE BEEN. ASSURED OF TH~• ·c~H~LETE
........ u .-. . .
COOPERATlO~.
~'- ~Vtre. - .. .·. .
n:e.P.?. WlLL RtSPOND TO ANY LANDING SITE IN ~ANADlAN TERRITORY. 1
lt:i:~~ SZCt:RlTY POLICE ABOARD AIR GUARD HELICC~T~;R HAVE ,a~~N:: · fjjjj~~t{{{
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 THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER :,.,;at.:: .
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20301
._::.: ..

30 October 1975 ·.
0445 EST

~1E!10RANDUM FOR ,RECORD

Subject: Army National Guard Helicopter Support for
Loring .AFB

1. At 292035 EST Oct 75, LTC Dyer, Office of the Director

of Operations, USAF, requested that the Army National Guard
(NG) helicopter and c;re\" currently located at Loring AFB,
Maine, be made available to the Commander of the 42nd Bomb
Wing until 300800 EST Oct 75. The NG helicopter would be
employed to .track and identify the unidentified helicopter
that has violated the airspace in the vicinity of the. \,reapons
. stor.age area at Loring .AFB during thef early morning hours
·of 28 .and 29 Oct 75 • . LTC Dyer stated that.international
borders would _not be\crossed, and· that apprehensions would
not be attempted by personnel embarked in the NG helicooter.
Any civil police on board ~~e aircraft ~~uld participate ·
only to 'the extent of communicating \,ri th appropriate police
officials on the ground, \·lith the latter singularly responsible.
£o.r the app.rehtms.ion of the suspect aircraft ·or crew.

2. This request was relayed to NG Sniffin, DA Director of

Operations, DCSOPS, at 292100 EST. .HG Sni£f:in indicated
his intent to check with Army legal. officials on t?e matter
prior.to making a decision. · ·
3. The SAC Co!t1Itland Post was informed at 292050 EST of the
request by LTC Dyer, and the fact that MG Sniffin was
checking ~:i th Army legal authorities. Col Freeman, AF
Operations Center, was also informed of the status.
4. Col Bailey, Mil Asst to the Special Asst to SECDEF/
DEPSECDEF, has been advised of the helicopter request should
DOD approval be required •
• 5. The State Department Canadian Desk Officer has been
kept informed of the situation.
 .·' • l
. .·
d. Only u.s. personnel, preferably military, but. including··- - ..
FBI, FAA, and Border Patrol representative~ if necessary,
will be on board the NG helicopter.
7 • .i''!G S:1iffin \vill
initiate appropriate action to plaFe the
.Army NG helicopter and cre•.r on '"Full Time Training Du-ty''
(FTTD). In essence-, the NG helicopter will be federalized.·
8. OSD, through Col Bailey, has been advised of the approval
and constraints in this situation and has stated OSD has no
objections to the action.
9. At 292249 EST the DDO (NMCC) established a conference call
with SAC (MG Burkhart), AFOC, AOC, and Commander 42nd Bomb
liing, Loring· AFB info:rming them of the approval to use the Army
.NG helicopter with the constraints listed in para 6 above.
Commander 42nd Bomb Wing stated. that there was no utility in
using·the helicopter if it couldn't cross the bOrder. Air
Force representative LTC Dyer was brought into the conference
and stated that AF had no objection to the border crossing.
At 292300
I • •
EST the DDO. (NMCC)
I . .
informed
.
MG Sniffin of the border ·
cross~ng ~ssue.

\ • 0

10. At 292325 EST MG Sniffin informed the DDO (NNCC) that ~·- .. :.
approval was granted ·for L~e NG helicopter to cross the border
with the·consent of Canadian authorities. The DDO (NMCC)
assured MG Sniffin that the Canadians were cooperating and
h _.._
~"' Cli.
~1-e-~··
~-..l
. .._ g.; .... ~n co-----•'- •-
~., .,._~ ----- .a..~-
fo..U '-'.L
.a..a..c~.u. \J_,~\.o.U.C' '-o-.:.- .... •
.LJ .L U.CJ..

·11. At 292334 EST another conference call was convened by

the DDO (~T;MCC) with the above conferees, (para 9) informing
them of the authority to cross the border if neces~ry. There
\vere no further questi.ons and all. conferees were satisified
with the procedures established for the employment of the NG
helicopter. ·

•
C. D. ROBERTS, JR.
~~C-J·
Bric::Jadier General, US!1C
: :_ . . _. . . . _- . . ,
Deputy Director for
Operations (NMCC)
Distribution:
CJCS {5) CSA PA P.EP
DJS (3) CNO WEST HEH DESK
·J-30 .CSAF NWSB
J-31 CHC NNCC BRIEFER
J-32 CHI l'l'NMCCS OPS & EVAL DIV
i
J-32A I
DDO (NMCC)
J-33 ADDO (NMCC)
J-34 eeoc (NHCC)
J-35 DIA REP FOR NHIC
 DDO U?:;~.TE·

AS OF 011380 EST NOV 75

HELICOPTER SIG3TED AT LORING

<I> At 312317 EST Oct, a visual sighting of an unidentified o!::>jec~

\·:.=:s re?orte:3. 4 nautic~l rniles northv.'est o_f, Loring AFB, ~'laine. The
alert helo at Loring ~as
unable to-~ake contact. The alert helo ,.;as
:O:ST Nov in response to a slow moving target
This sor.tie '''as· also unable to make contact
4 2D Bi-1 Ol0825Z NOV 7 5)

(U) A co?Y of.rnessages received regarding unidentified aircraft

flying ir:. the vicinity of air bases \·!ill be fon:arded to the
Military Assistant' to the SECDEF. (SOURCE: MIL.l\SST TO SECDEF).
 N M C C ..
THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER
WASHINGTON. D.C. %0301
-- ·.. :·

"a • : : : ••

31 October 1975
0451 EST
TH£.JOINT STAPP'

t-IEHORANDUH FOR RECORD

Subject: Low Flying Ai.rcraft/Helicopter Sightings at

!iurtsmith AFB, HI.

1. The SAC Command. Post no.ti.£ied .the N~lCC of reported low

flying aircraft/helicopter sightings at Wurtsmith AFB,
Michigan at 302342 EST.

2.· The attached OPREP-3s ;Ji.ve .a summary of the reported

sightings •
...

I
.4._((@.
i:/tt/!JI{L--;. . ;.,___
M. DAVIS'"
Brigadier General, USAF
Deputy Director for
Operations (NMCC)

Attachments :::::::::-::~:

.a/s
·=:::::.-.
Distribution: { ===::.-::::
J-30 . ~~~gf
J-31
"DDO(NMCC) :::...:."::".·:::

ADDO(NMCC)
CCOC(NMCC)
WHE!4 DESK (Nl-iCC)

'
I'
I

!
 ( OPf\EP-.:> Kt:.t-'Ut\1 ' ----

--~-
LOG ~UP #___1_-_G___
~=-=,.-----__:.---------=------::-=~~~,......,..-----··
E\'EiiT:- •· . o;;TEITli-iE Of EVEiiT.:
1enti.f:i.ed llel·i.Copter Intrusion 30/2255E O~t-1975. 1
Tlt·\E REPORTED TO AFOC: ,•.
____
L ....TION:
t·:urtsr.fith AFB, MI 30/2327E Oct 1975
_____;;;,____~--------.:

SAC (Lt Col~G:i.ordan~) reports that an unidentified helicopter

'lrri,th no lights came up over the back gate of l·:urtsmii:h and
hovered over the l"1eapons Storage Area and then moved on.·
--P~ncoN had i t painted for a short period. A tanker at 2700 feet
had visual and skin paint out over Lake Huron for about 20 miles
heading SE. Tanker reports he thinks he sa,.,. a second skin" paint.
The tanker lost all contact about 35 niles SE of th~ base over
the la~e- Tanker is still flying trJ:i.ng to locate by means of •
telephonic ·search l-rith FP..A and RAPCON. Increased. security
·:initiated at Wurtsmth. Po
·. •,
• • ,
0

31/00JOE Updat~: Lt Col Gi9rdano (SAC Senior Controller} updates

and corrects the above -information as follm·rs: 1m unidentified
lo;·r flying aircraft came up over the back gate of Wurtsmith and·
l-;as visually sighted in the vicinity of the motor pool. ·P..li.PCON
showed several. aircraft at the time, one near the l·7SJI. (there was .
no hovering as previously reported) • A· tanker 'lrras dispatched ana.
· had visual· and skin paint out over Lake 'Huron of a lo·vr flying
;_rcraft (with licrhts. on) heading SE at a-pproximately 150 knots.
~ker reports that ~he aircraft appe~red to be joined by another
g.l.rcraft ('lrrith its lights on al.so) .' Tanker reports that both.
aircraft then turned out their liqhts si~ultaneouslv, as if on
signal.. Tanker lost all contact approxir.;ately 35 N~! SE of the
base. Upon information that the _Dept of tiatural Resources sends-
out aircraft searching for hunters spotting dear, the Dept of
Ka tural Resources '~as contacted; hot-Tever, tr.ey !:'.aintain none of
a~ the time f
 .......
AC TI Cl! :
I~IFO:
NO ~E -O·C• -·
TU "N IJ\1 R:JCSHIJ2::6S

':?... llU l! ZNZl

J

3! CS <: ~ Z !:':: T 75
37-:.:'B'..J co ~U?.TS~ITH MT /JJa:IOS
7E··!/S:.C ::.'='~FORCE ST~T_US
'lts:.c C? LOGisr:::cs
:•:t E.:F' C? F"::l::lCE ST.t. TUS
:.,':L e:. f" ·C 0 L OGIS II CS
J u· HO A /C<; AF
J SiU.,U./US ~r F\10 0 ?S 0 IV F T I?I TC HIE · ~D
•
i
·:CL r..ss:::::-!~0 JO;>P.£1> JZfF Y OC"E51l""i"D5t!O/·:;:"~/~?:;S" -~ 9::EUNE 6- OU-Ol n
I IJ3'1SZ CSC ADVISED Ce>'TH.e.T THE SECU~!TY SU~D AT aA::c GATE
"!!TTE:J :.•: UNIDE~IT.IFIEO t..!'='Ci?:.FTFLY.!NG LC:J ~VE'=l THE SASE A.T
::>=>=>OX G:!Z:JZ ~ !:O:ITit.L ~E~C~ T T~ C? S"'- !0 iHAT t..!=lCRAFT \/AS ii.L$0
.'!SERVEC !N 1"~E '.'!CIN!TY O""· \.'SA HC\.'EVE~• LH::q f?EOCriTS SAID Tt+t..T
i:~C~H'T C3SEln·E~ ~AY HAY:: ~~!': A KC-135 IN ~E LOC!L T'H.FFIC
'!.TTER!I!. ~T 033CZ .i<C-135 SA!O Tl-'~T THEY ·fH(J' SKIN "'AINTEO ON
·:..~:.?.•:.~~; A!~C::IAF'·T· 6 ·112 MILES NE" OF SASE SUT CC!JLD !-JOT S"'T.
·:-~:: t.I'?C!?!.Fi V_ISUALLY. AT A oo;:~ox a35CZ THE KC-135 '='ICKEO U~ THE
J!I;:LQE~~;:::-:::EO :.:rR!Y. ~FT NE OF "TriE. a:.st: Ai A.PP;?OX ~!lC/21 ON L V!SUAL
> ~ 5E 0 2 '<U CS!-1! J Z::!EB U ~JCL/. S\ ,
:;rr --~~'.i~ I!C-135 SAI!J HE: S!.lol T:JO A!P.CtUfT IN A T?.A!t FORHATJO~·
30. -A~::>~OX IS~ KIAS HE:A!JI~;G SOU:!-!. !<C-135 SAID 1-1! LOST CO::T!CT
o,"IT"-! T!-4!:: "'C~~AT!C~J AT 0'113? ;."!TH THE'U~-:~1\!TIF"IE:O FOP.~AT!Of~ C1-l
THE I<OSC 1 !5/35 ·V.C-135 T::?ACV.EO TH:: !IRCR!I"T SOUTH TCTH:: ~ICH.
T!-!!,!"!3. A.QfA /.~0 3/.CI{ NOllTH TC THE BASE :.::z~
::::.cH TI~E THE Y.C-135 LCST V!'SJAL S!G~~ING. KC -1 35 L tN DE 0 \IH EN
FU::L :,:>QOA CHEO OI :"'I\:I~U-'1$. !~V!STIGAiiCNS !N ~ P.O GR ES S• REP C~ TS
TO FCLLC~ &S INFO IS OBTAINED
3T r
OTCUZYUI.l RUCSHIJZ068 304ClS49 0034-UUUU 3.Qt; co 48

~~~;;j

..
W~'
· rfifi~
•. m~
[~:.:_:_::.:-::

; ~JIH~¥:::
i .. ~:.·.·.·:::::

~~=:=:i.:J;.X:
! I
~-;-~~-::;:.~

' ~~~~r
ffiiiff#
;~[{~\~~;;;~~ffm;s:~~t-7~~i;,;;,~~-~,~~~~~~~Ei~~![!![;;;~·-~~~~~~~~·~~,,;tt~·~!iif~Il=~~~''"'·:~~\H~~~~~('.;.:~;~~~~~!!!ff~~~~-€(((~iii!i!;;iii;2~;!!i)i!~:;;2i,~~~§I§!.~~~"''~~,:M\~fJ
 DDO UPDATE
;~s 0? 310500 EST OCT 1975

L01·; F·L~'I~~G .::I~CP.A:"'T/!!ELlCOPTER SIGP.TINGS

(U) 'L,c SAC Senior Cont:-ollcr notified tr.e ~~~:cc at 302342 EST
of uni~entified lo~-flying aircra~t/helicopte= sightings at
\·=-u=t.r::;,i th ..Z....F5, t·il. One aircra:t. ,,~as visually sighted in the
vic:.r.i -=y cf tb.e moto:- pool. RJ..PCO!\ sho·NeC se·:.~eral o~jec~s on
r~~ar at the sa~e time. A tan):er was dis?stche~ to the ~rea ~ne
c~taine~ both visual and radar skin paint of t~o aircraft. Beth
airc1:aft haC light~: on initially bet appeared to turn them off
sir~ultaneously_ (SODRCE: OPREP-3 302327 OCT 75)

~-....-...._._ ... ,.

:·.·.-.-.:::;:;

H::::(~Jr
 !:__
·. _

DDO U?DATE -~ ~~~~~i

UFO S!G:i:i':'ING
__ AS
__,,.......,.,. 0? 081~00 :SS? !~-J-:.: :!.975

II
¥~!2~~~~
.f:~~~

(U) From 080253 EST Nov 75 to 080420 EST Nov 75, Halrnstro;;; .i'-.FB .t-:T g~!{{{;
and four S.l\C sites reported a series of visual a!"td radar contacts ""'="''
wit~ ~niCentifieC flying objects.. Several report.s from the same ~~~~~:~m:
locat~c~s included jet engi~e souncs associated ~i~~ the ojserved ijjiliN~
~~~i~~ ~~g~;~~ c~~a~~t!~~~P~~~su;~~:~led from 24th NORAD Region ~~ii
(U) The UFO sightings occurred on an ·extremely clear night. Visibili~~~!.
..,,as 45 miles. Although northern lights will cause phenomena similar f.~i;~~~!'
to the received reports, weather services indicated no possibility §~~~
of northern lights during the period in question. (SOURCE: NMCC §~~iii)
1-'...FR 080600 EST NOV 75. ~i~~fff{
[~;<0_-;;y,
~~c'""'{"
ffiif~jf:{{{~

~~~~(
 -·

AS OF 091400 EST ;;ov 75

(U) UnknO\•'n sightings vicinity ~~alr:~st:::-or:l AFB, HT (See HFR).

1. follo;..•-up •:ith NOR.!I.D at 090430 EST provided no additional
information. (LTC: S!nith i~d.~:;=::.~d !1:.~ c:::l:lt.i.:~~i::; i.ntc~est in
phoneson \•ith DDO OT li4 on 8 November 1975).

-:::.·:::::;:

;::::.·:: ...,
~~~~i~~~
'""""'
~.-::::::::

·-·-·-·:.·:.·::

•'

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[ _ _..__ . • __ ..... . RF.:CF.'!VFn F'OliP TE'-LEPHONE -CAt:i.S ' '
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -· •••• -:..• •••••••• 0

PAGF

.• '
.
THAT THFY H~O <:;F'FN <:;TR·t.NGF' OFUF.CTS TN THF <:;KY_ <;OMF.IlfPORTFO
:. V.TNri OF' RlllO-L iKF.. OR.JF'CT 1.1HILF' ono~n?<:; Rf'PORTE'O. l. IH'LTCO:>Tf.~
~~TH A l TGHT 0~- THFRF UF~F' NO HFLICOPTERS AIRRORNE l.T THLT ·
Tt>4F- I
AF"T£1?. Hi' TOLO TH" ClTI7fN TT .'Ia.<:; ONLY
. ST&.Q<;. t.l'IO HAD TALKFO TO tiF.:HRAqAD 70\:(R HE' T'F C:!OFil TO lOOK FOR
. HT!o<<;.F:LF'- HF' NOTTCF"n AN ORJFCT IN T.HF' SKY STr-!lll.R T·O A <:;TAR
'Rtr.r.n? u:n ~I? T!;HTF'Q_ HF OF.'C:Tnl:n TO <;CY t.!4RLF' AN F"-tl FRO~
,'SH~.HPOKHT AFR . TO TII!VF<:;TIGATF.
; Ft. AT ·nt 30 HI?<; 01\1 THE" lqTH THE F-~ TOOK ni"F .u:-o PRO~f.fllf:ll
ns.
I TO A POINtr AROIIT 40 N1'1 NORTH OF ·TfHPAN-: lliF ·To
, T·HF' OR.J"C1' UA._ F t<;TL Y VtSIRLF.' FROH 70 HTLF" Al.IAY.
1 A<o 'THF F'-1& APPRoAc:HFn ·A RANGF oF.
8RILLIANCF:

2!> t.'fo! ·HE" LosT. ALL nisTRUHFNTA

·
n:n r;
I ~Nt:l C:O~t"'INTC:ATTONS I UHF' lND TNTF:RCO~n. I-IF RQOKF OFF' 'THF. . · ·
~1NTFPCF'PT AND HF"AOF'n RACK TO '\HAHI?OKHI. \IHF'N T.HE F'-4 T~NF.O :::::::=::::

~ AUiY FROii TlofF ORJfr.T AND ADPARFNTLY '\It,<; NO tONG·ER A THRF'AT -==-:.·.:·.

'.TO !T THF A!RCI?AFT REG.tTf.!ED ALL ·lN~TRUHEIIITATION AND COH- ·

! Ht:mtCATION<;-_ AT;OtllO HI?S A <:;[1:'01~0 F-li Yt.S lAllrJCHED •. ·T·HE

· B~CY."F t.Tr:? ACOUii<'FO A I?A'DAI? i.OCI< ON AT 27 t:t'!. 12 O•CLOCIC ·
.

JolT~'! PO<;T~TON. !.11TH THE VC: II? AT.F: OF· C:lOSUI<'F' 1. t.T· 15tl t:HPH~.
;1,.
I
Hr Pt.lllr.l" OtC:J:I.F't.<;;E'O TO ::;>c; NX THF • O~JfCT MOVED .
AI.IAY AT
•
.. A
'\1-, ,:n THAT VAS VI<\TRLf; ON 'I'HE' ~AOAI? ·<;~OPE t.NO ·STAYF."D AT 2StiH.
·C. THF' .._t7E· OF' THF I?AOAR I?T.TUI?!I: I.IA-<; C:OHPARARLt TO :'t'HAT Cli'"
t. 707 TUIKF~<'. THF ··vTSUAl Sl7F OF: THF ORJF.'Cl IJAS· DIFFICULT •
TO·;z)!'\CFI?IJ RF'C:Ati'\F OF ITS INTEt:SE ·RPILLIANC:F. ·THE ·· •
l t!;.rr' THt.'f ·tT GAVF' OFF IJA<;·THAT' OF FUSHifolJ;· STI?ORE llr.HTS
!>ll?l.NGf'O !N A. I?F'C:TAt.:t>IILAI? PATTFRN ANn ALT(Ili\IATINE St:Ur• ·Gl?tF.N.
";?FO ANO OllAtJGE' TN COLOR- 'THE <;fllUfNCF: n;;,.THF L'IGHTS .\lt.S SO
FlST THAT -U!.l THF' COLORS·COIILO P.E S(FN AT ONCF"- THF" ORJFC:T
um· THE i:>u~<'<;;IIING F-ll cni-ITINIIEn· ot.:· A coui?SF' ,. o THE' souTH ·oF
i=FHI?AIJ. UHF,._. .ANOTHF."P RRit;HTlY· LII>HTF.n OB.JFCT· FSTIHt.TEil TO RE
ONr' .Ht.lF <fO ONE" THJI?O THf t.:>PAI?ENT Sl7F. OF' THE MOON.· CAHF.
OUT Of THF OR ti>INAl. ORJFCT- .THIS· SF:C:ONO ORJF. CT HEADED STRAIGHT
TOl.I·APO THF F-4 AT A VF.I?Y F'A<;T RATE OF SPEE11.. THE PILOT
!T'rf'MPTF.'O TO FIRE .r.N Ait-!-9 ~ISSILE' t.T:THF" OR.J!O.CT I!IIT'AT.THAT.
It: .. Tt.PIT HT._ UF.t.:>ON<; C:ONTI?Ol.PANEl .IJF.:NT OFF UJO HE LOST All
C\0!-!t'!IHITCt.'l"TONS [ IIHF .I; NO tNTFRPH ONEl- ·AT THT<; POINT· THE. PII.:OT'
I·NTTlATF'O A Tlll?rJ ANn lllFGATIVF' G .DIVE' T(l ·GET A\IAY- ·As· HF
1' llr:? tJF. 0 T H f: OS .JF A 7. FF'LL IN TP AJL :AT U HAT · APPF. AA f.D· T 0 F1 E ~ROUT·
J-4 ~IH. A~ HE .CONTJNtJFD IN. HT<; TURN A'.!AY. Fr;-ntl THE PRIHARY
rri'!.JFCT THj; <:;Ec:nrm O!'IJEC:T UFNT :TO THf !NSIOf' OF HIS· TURN THEN
::?FTtii?Nf'O iO THF' PR'tMARY OR.IFC:T FOil A Pf.RFF.C'T RF JOIN_
SHnPrtv AFt[~ TJ.IF' 5ECONO ORJECT .JOTNFn UP \liTH .THF"
::>, ARY CH\.J~CT ANOTHF.I? ORJFC:T ·APPfl,RE'!1 T(l rn~E 'QliT OF THF"

"Ptn~TTY
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 INFORMATION SHEET Prepared by:

Number 78-1 LFF-3/Public Services Branch

Office of External Relations
NASA Headquarters
Washington, DC 20546

UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS

The information contained here has been compiled to respond

to queries on Unidentified Flying Objects directed to the White

House as well as NASA.

NASA is the focal point for answering public inquiries to

the White House relating to UFOs. NASA is not engaged in a re-

search program involving these phenomena, nor is any other govern-

ment agency.

BACKGROUND

In July of 1977, Dr. Frank Press, Director of Science and

Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, wrote to

Dr. Robert A. Frosch, the NASA Administrator, suggesting NASA

should answer all UFO-related mail and also to consider whether

• NASA should conduct an active research program on UFOs. In a

letter dated December 21, 1977, Dr. Frosch agreed that NASA will

continue to respond to UFO-related mail as it has in the past

and, if a new element of hard evidence that UFOs exist is brought

to NASA's attention from a credible source, NASA will analyze the

~nexplained organic or inorganic sample and report its findings.

 2

Quoting from Dr. Frosch's December 21 letter: " ..• If some

new element of hard evidence is brought to our attention in the

future, it would be entirely appropriate for a NASA laboratory to

analyze and report upon an otherwise unexplained organic or

inorganic sample; we stand ready to respond to any bona fide

physical evidence from credible sources. We intend to leave the

door clearly open for such a possibility.

"We have given considerable thought to the question of what

else the '·United States might and should do in the area of UFO

research. There is an absence of tangible or physical evidence

available for thorough laboratory analysis. And, because of

the absence of such evidence, we have not been able to devise a

sound scientific_procedure for investigating these phenomena.

To proceed on a research task without a sound disciplinary

framework and an exploratory technique in mind would be wasteful

and probably unproductive.

"I do not feel that we could mount a research effort with-

out a better starting point than we have been able to ide~tify

thus far. I would therefore propose that NASA take no steps to

establish research in this area or to convene a symposium on

this subject.
 3

"I wish in no way to indicate that NASA has come to any

conclusion about these phenomena as such; institutionally, we

retain an open mind, a keen sense of scientific curiosity and a

willingness to analyze technical problems within our competence."

Reports of unidentified objects entering United States air

space are of interest to the military as a regular part of

defense surveillance. Beyond that, the U.S. Air Force no longer

investigates reports of UFO sightings.

This was not always the case. On December 17, 1969, the

Secretary of the Air Force announced the termination of Project

Blue Book, the Air Force program for UFO investigation started

in 1947.

The decision to discontinue UFO investigations, the USAF

said, was based on: (1) an evaluation of a report (often called

the Condon Report) prepared by the University of Colorado and

entitled "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" (2)

a review of the University of Colorado report by the National

•
Academy of Sciences; (3) past UFO studies; and (4) Air Force

experience investigating UFO reports for two decades.

 4

As a result of these investigations and studies, and ex-

perience gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the

conclusions of the Air Force were: (1) no UFO reported, investi-

gated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any

indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has

been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force

that sightings categorized as "unidentified" represent

technological developments or principles beyond the range of

present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no

evidence indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified"

are extraterrestrial vehicles.

With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force

regulation establishing and controlling the program for investi-

gating and analyzing UFOs was rescinded. All documentation

regarding the former Blue Book investigation has been permanently

transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives

and Records Service, 8th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N .1'1.,

Washington, DC 20408, and is available for public review and

·analysis. Those wishing to review this material may obtain a

researcher's permit from the National Archives and Record

'
Service.
 5

Also available:

Scientific Studv of Unidentified Flying Objects. Condon

~eport study conducted by the University of Colorado under con-

tract F44620-76-C-0035. Three volumes, 1,465p. 68 plates. Photo-

duplicated hard copies of the official report may be ordered for

$6 per volume, $18 the set of three, as AD 680:975, AD 680:976,

and AD 680:977, from the National Technical Information Service,

U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22151.

Review of University of Colorado Report on Unidentified

Flving Objects. Review of report by a panel of the National

Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 1969, 6p.

?hotoduplicated hard copies may be ordered for $3 as AD 688:541

fro~ the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department

of Co~erce, Springfield, VA 22151.

NASA is aware of the many UFO reports made in recent years.

-However, the maj"ori ty of inquiries to NASA concerning UFO sight-

ings address themselves to the reported sightings by astronauts

•
during Earth orbital and lunar missions and the report by

Presicent Carter while serving as Governor of Georgia.

 6

During several space missions NASA astronauts reported

phenomena not immediately explainable.· However, in every

instance NASA satisfied itself that what had been observed was

nothing which could be termed abnormal in the space environment.

The air-to-ground tapes of all manned missions are available

at the Johnson Space Center, Houston, for review by the serious

researcher.

On· October 12, 1973, while serving as Governor of Georgia,

Mr. Carter responded to inquiries from the National Investiga-

tions Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) saying that he had

seen a bright, moving object in the sky over Leary, Georgia, in

October of 1969. He said the object was visible for 10 to 12

·inutes and, at one point, shone as brightly as the Moon. The

-
regional NICAP representative investigated the sighting and

reported there was no evidence to support anything beyond placing

what Mr. Carter saw in NICAP's "unidentified" category. However,

it has been suggested by some students of aerial phenomena that

Mr. Carter may have viewed the Planet Venus which, at certain

times, may appear many times brighter than a star of the first-

magnitude .

•
Since NASA is not engaged in day-to-day UFO research, it

does not review UFO-related articles intended for publication,

evaluate UFO-type spacecraft drawings or accept accounts of

UFO sightings or applications for employment in the field of

~rial phenomena investigation. All such material will be

returned with NASA's thanks to the sender.

 7

A number of universities and scientific organizations have

considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings and seminars.

In addition, a n~er of private domestic and foreign groups

continue to review UFO sighting reports actively. Some of these

organizations are:

(1) National Investigations Committee on

Aerial Phenomena
John L. Acuff, Director
Suite 23
3535 University Boulevard, West
Kensington, MD 20795
(301) 949-1267

(2) The Committee for the Scientific Investigation

of Claims of the Paranormal
UFO Subcommittee
Robert Sheaffer, Chairman
9805 McHi1lan Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 589-8371

(3) Aerial Phenomena Research Organization

James and Coral Lorenzen, Directors
3910 E. K1einda1e P.oad
Tucson, AZ 85712
(E02) 793-1825

(4) Mutual UFO Network

1~al ter H. !l.ndrus, Jr. , Director
103 Old Towne Road
Seguin, TX 78155
(512) 379-9216
• (5) ~he Center for UFO Studies
Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Director
924 Chicago Avenue
Evanston, IL 60202
(312) 491-1780

February 1, 1978

'US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1978- 261·371 36

 -. ~~E SCIENCE CONFLIC-1
UFO UPDATE
By James Oberg

riction between science and fly- that they "possibly" deserved study. More reports. Pieces of metal picked up near

F ing saucers has generated a bliz·

zard of sparks over the years.
The sides are well defined: Establishment
to the point, only one-quarter of 1 percent
of the astronomers thought that UFOs
were important enough to warrant their
alleged tanding' sites undergo spectro-
scopic examination in well-equipped
laboratories. ·
scientists traditionally dismiss UFO data personal attention. These are the techniques of science,
as fanciful fiction. while UFO enthusiasts But the poll did nevertheless seem to applied to a subject long regarded as be-
portray themselves as outcast Galileos, bestow some measure of scientific re- yond the fringes of science. But these are
prophets of a new scientific revolution. spectability to this topic, previously ranked the techniques that will produce proof, if
Advocates of Unidentified Flying Ob- among the lunatic fringe. The poll was proof is possible.
jects insist that they are onto some extraor- symptomatic of the changing image of Standards a're ,now tighter and the
dinary phe.nomenon unaccountable by UFOs. and the new status of UFO re- experience of UFO investigators greater.
contemporary science. The favorite theory searchers. so that many ·unknowns" have dimin-
involves alien spacecraft. but growing After three decades of exuberant if ama- ished. More and more cases have been
splinter groups promote various psychic, teurish fieldwork. furious propagandizing, solved, but always a fraction remain un-
interdimensional, cross-temporal, con- and aimless theorizing, a number of UFO solved, unexplained, unidentified. This
spiratorial, or even more bizarre hy- groups have finally begun to play the residue of unknowns is the basis for UFO
potheses. Whatever it is. UFO enthusiasts game using rules of science. Accepting enthusiasts' hope. Skeptics disagree,
assert. the confirmation of extraterrestrial the burden of proof. they have mounted an saying that inherent limitations in human
'ngs could be a key to the next great impressive scientific program designed to perception, memory, and knowledge will
3kthrough in human knowledge. demonstrate. finally, that UFOs exist. always introduce a small artificial residue
~ew could argue such a premise. On a dark hillside in Texas, white- of unknowns.
Early in 1977. the wire services reported uniformed men monitor a battery of instru- So what kind of data will stand up to sci-
that astronomers now faVor scientific stud- ments, hoping to catch and record the entific standards. not as a leftover residue '
ies of UFOs. According to The New York subtle physical effects alleged to accom- of mysteries but as a definitive list of re-
Times. ·unidentified flying objects should pany UFO visitations. In photographic corded events?
be investigated further. a majority of · laboratories across the country, data pro- Laying aside the possibilities that alien
trained astronomical observers said in a cessing specialists analyze computerized ambassadors will land at the White House
survey disclosed recently." images of alleged UFO photographs, or that the fabled "sPcret captured flying
Closer analysis showed that the private seeking evidence of forgery and potential saucer" will ever be rescued from alleged
pro-UFO survey actually meant that only proof of authenticity. A computerized data governmental oblivion, hard evidence for
one-quarter of those polled responded base in Chicago prints out pattern analy- the reality and respectability of UFOs must
that UFOs "certainly" or "probably" de- ses of UFO sightings, seeking a signal come from laboratories now engaged in
served .:udy, w1th a few more agreeing behind the noise of thousands of annual scientific research.
The "Project Starlight International"
team. privately but generously funded by
some Texas millionaires, has assembled
an array of instruments that could produce
incontrovertible evidence. They have cam-
• eras. radar, spectrometers. magnetome-
ters. radiation sensors. gravitometers. and
a small laser beam to communicate with
extraterrestrials should they happen by.
The Starlight UFO trap has now been in
full operation for nearly three years. New
equipment continues to be added. includ-
ing a radar set and computerized alert
system that automatically telephones vol-
unteer skywatchers in the vicinity of a
computed UFO position. The system
works well in drills-but nothing substan-
tive has resulted.
The most exciting recent events have
Spectacular glowing UFO was photographed from a Concorde during 1973 solar eclipse. dealt with a fierce wood tick infestation on

2s OMNI Ocr'?8
the hillSide where the Starlight equipment ine. Again, other researchers d1sagree. ered that the Air Force·s "Blue Bock" files
is'mounted. White·clad UFO watchers and scientific debate is ragtng on the va· were already being declassified. and ev-
oend to their technical tasks amid the lidity of such processing tecr.~iques. erybody denied having any other files.
fumes of sulfur bombs. They watch a sky Computer scientists have a favorite ·carter's science adviser. Dr. Frank Press.
,. 'airplanes, meteors, satellites. kites. proverb: ~Garbage in, garbage out.~ It was assigned the task of answering UFO-
1s, birds. batt lightning, migrating means that bad input data can be manipu- related mail from the public. A flood of mail
.:>town spiders, and maybe, just lated to produce nearly any output de· arrived. demanding that the "rea/ secret
maybe, something else. But. as Starlight sired, but it witt be useless. That. so far, files" be released.
project director Ray Stanford told col- seems to be the fate of UFO computerized Overwhelmed with queries. Press asked
leagues at a 1976 UFO conference. "If we data banks. since data processing spe- NASA director Dr. Robert Frosch if NASA
search for ten years with what we've got cialists have criticized them for not having might handle the mail. In the letter, one
and we don't find anything, then we're go- sufficient control over the validity of input paragraph innocently asked if NASA
ing to have to admit that nothing is there." data. UFO proponents. appealing to math- w6uld consider convening a panel to de-
One of the most visible aspects of the ematical formulas from information theory, cide if a new official investigation was war-
phenomenon is a growing collection of claim that a proper computer program can ranted.
UFO photographs. While the vast majority filter out the garbage and Sift through to Following several months of consider-
of UFO sighting reports are made by hon- the authentic residue. ation, NASA said that it could see no rea-
est. perplexed, often reluctant witnesses. Nor have laboratories produced any son to undertake·a new investigation.
most photographs are hoaxes. To sepa- specimen that could not have been ob- However. Frosch offered fo make NASA
rate out the possibly authentic photos. if tained from ordinary sources on earth. Ex- laboratocies available to analyze any
any at all, experts use photoanalysis otic space metals or artifacts continue to UFO "physical evidence" that might be
For example. Dr. Bruce Maccabee. a re- oe reported, but none have passed the in- submitted.
searcher for the National Investigations vestigat:on of professional laboratories. Six months later, nothing has been offi-
Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP). Yet these debates have changed mark- cially submitted.
has made densitometric scans of a fa- edly from the days when UFOs were the
mous 1950 photo from McMinnville, Ore- topic for screwball religious cults. nasty in-
gon. The scans support the skeptical sinuations about witnesses' sanity and/or If UFOs are alien spacecraft (and while
"Condon Committee" conclusion that the sobriety. and knee-jerk gullibility. Today's this is the leading theory, many other
photo could in fact be of a large structured arguments must stand up to the time- schools of thought have come and gone).
disk 50 feet or more in diameter. But an- tested standards of scientific research. it's likely that earth's spaceships may have
other expert, computer specialist Robert Perhaps they will reveal something, per- been able to encounter them in outer
Sheaffer. concluded that the photo was haps not. But it's the only way to find out space. Stories have sprung up about how
made with a smudged lens and that the for sure. Mour astronauts have seen them too!·
obiect appears to be hanging from an In fact. each story can be traced back to
ead power line. Condon Committee authors' misunderstandings. distortions.
igators later changed their minds In light of the need for better scientific exaggerations. or just plain fabrications.
"""agreed with Sheaffer. research about UFOs. it is particularly There does not appear to be a single case
Specialists at the "Ground Saucer frustrating to read published reports that on record of American or Soviet spacemen
Watch· (GSW) office in Phoenix also apply "NASA has rejected a White House re- encountering anything extraordinary
advanced data processing techniques to quest to reopen the government- in tern,s of normal space occurrences.
photographs. Their work has raised howls . sponsored research program.- But the Ttie most famous case. however. con-
of protest from traditional UFO groups be- real story is not so open-and-shut as these tinues to thrive. It deals with a UFO seen
cause many of the more famous photos pessimistic accounts would indicate. by astronaut James McDivitt on the
have been denounced by GSW as frauds. Actually, the story began when Presi- Gemmi-4 mission in June 1965. McDivitt
However. GSW has compiled a small list of dent Carter promised to release all UFO insists that the beer-can shaped object
photos that they suggest could be genu- data. if elected. Once elected. he discov- was just another man-made satellite. but
some observers have suggested that it
was a glimpse of his own booster rocket in
a nearby orbit.
A "tadpole" photograph was released
by NASA soon after the flight. taken from a
series of movie frames. McDivitt claims he
shot a few exposures with two still cam-
eras. but they did not turn out. He didn't
touch the movie camera. and the blob of
light released by an overeager photo tech-
nician shows only a window reflection. he
insists.
APRO's Dr. Harder. however. insists that
the "tadpole" really was the UFO. despite
what McDivitt thinks. and that it was being
propelled by a plaSma jet. Dr. Harder
chooses to disregard the astronaut's testi-
mony and build his case on a few frames
of reflections. UFO believers can only
hope that most UFO evidence is not so in-
substantial.

UFO experts give ~the benefit of tne doubt• to this Yungay, Perv photo and believe it genuine. Positive proof of a genuine UFO encounter

30 OMNI
could oe extremely valuable tor the ent1re occurred. Every year until the: hE.;Jpens. threw h1mself into serious investigations of
~"wrnan raCe. !t could be financially reward· the wagerer must pay Klass t:-e sum of what were regarded as the -besr classic
ing tor the owners of that proof. And it S100 (up to a max1mum of $1000. atter UFO cases. He etten dug up startling (and
could spell financial ruin for one prominent which payments cease but tr.e bet re· embarrassing) new evidence but has be·
UFO skeptic-unless. of course. he was mains in force). come a pariah in UFO circles (Hynek
,. '= delivering the proof. Less than a dozen UFO en::1usiasts refuses to appear together with him, and
'lat10nal Enquirer. a weekly tabloid have signed up to date. usua;;y on 1nside Hynek's "UFO bibliography" handout
k .~aper w1th a circulation in the mil- information that ·this year the government pointedly ignores Klass's two books).
lions. has a standmg offer of $1 million lor is going to announce UFO contacts .... • With the death of astronomer Donald
·positive proof.· The London-based whis· Such predictions have appeared in print Menzel in 1976. Klass has emerged as the
key bonier Cuny Sark. Ltd., recently un- nearly every year for a quaner of a century, nation's leading UFO skeptic. He spurns
veiled an even bigger prize of one million but people still seem to believe them. the word "debunker.· with its connotations
pounds Sterling, or about $1,800,000 at Klass has become a linle richer because of knee-jerk dismissals and unorthodox
the present exchange rate. of them. points of view. Instead, Klass anempts to
Lesser awards also are available in the Only one UFO buff has maintained his investigate UFO cases more deeply than
absence of positive proof. The Enquirer bet in force. apparently more for publicity might other researchers who have sub- i
annually grants up to $10,000 to witnesses than persuasion. Stanton Friedman makes conscious desire~ .to actually find proof of i
I
of a UFO incident judged "most scientifi- a living off his lecture tours proclaiming the extraterrestrial visitors. Concentrating only
cally valuable" by an independent panel of reality of UFOs. and he responded to on the generally acclaimed "best cases.·
UFO specialists (the "Blue-Ribbon Panel,· Klass's needling by formally agreeing to Klass etten has exposed the superficiality
see box). And Cuny Sark has announced the bet a few years ago. of work done by pro-UFO experts.
plans to award £1 000 to the best-written Additionally, Klass has offered to buy In 1977, he joined with other scientists
essay on the UFO problem. back all copies of his book UFOs Ex- and educators in forming the ·committee i
Moreover, a number of London betting plained if events prove his assertions in- for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of
houses have accepted various wagers on
the imminent visitations of extraterrestrials.
But the world's most famous ·anti-UFO
correct. But pro-UFO scientist Robert Mc-
Campbell has done Klass one bener. He
has offered to buy back copies of his book
the Paranormal." a group that has de-
nounced easy acceptance by the public
I
!'
of allegedly baseless beliefs in astrology,
bet" has been set forth in the book UFOs UFOiogy from anyone not satisfied with it, the Bermuda Triangle. ESP. ·ancient astro-
Explained. proof or no proof. nauts.- and other .so-called modern myths.
Author Philip J. Klass, a senior editor of Klass heads a small but potent band of
Aviation Week magazine and the nation's Actually, Philip J. Klass already had skeptical investigators called the UFO
leading UFO skeptic. claims he has chal- been setting off multimegaton detonations Subcommittee. At the very least, this
lenged UFO believers "to put their money among the ranks of UFO believers. Miffed group demands the tightening of stan-
where their mouths are.n Klass has offered when UFO experts in 1968 ridiculed a seri- dards in so-called scientific UFOiogy. The
to n"y $10,000 to anyone who agrees to ous (and still tenable) suggestion that level of carelessness of many pro-UFO ex-
'. if and when certain criteria are met many UFOs were actually ball lightning, perts has markedly declined, so progress
shing that a true UFO visitation has the by nature combative aviation reporter is being made. CO

THESE PEOPLE ARE WATCHING AND WAITING

Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS). 1909 Sherman Suite 207, of gadgets yet assembled to measure UFOs--if only they
Evanston. IL 60201. Self-styled pinnacle of UFO activities. this could find one. Irregular bulletin sent in exchange tor cash
small group generally depends on other groups for data. Dr. donations.
Allen Hynek does the public appearances and fund raising, Committee Against UFO Secrecy (CAUS), 191 E. 161st St.,
wh1le researcher Allan Hendry carries out actual coordination Bronx NY 10451. New offshoot of GSW, this small group is us-
and In-depth 1nvest1gation. Two publications: CUFOS ing Freedom of Information suits to extract allegedly secret
Quarterly Bulletin. S1 5/yr.; and International UFO Reporter, hypothetical government "UFO files.· Newslener $1 Olyr.
$12/yr. 20th Century UFO Bureau. 756 Haddon Avenue, Col-
Aerial Phenomenon Research Organization (APRO). 3910 E. lingswood, NJ 08108. This group, associated with Dr. Cart
Kleindale. Tucson, AZ 85712. Among the longest surviving Mcintyre's "20th Century Reformation Hour,· believes that
UFO groups (represented in 50 countries), APRO is held to- some UFOs are angels and signs of the imminent Second
gether by the dedication of its cofounders Jim and Coral Coming. However. other UFOs are sent by Satan to confuse
Lorenzen. who have recently led the group to specialize people !est they recognize the angels.
•(critics say monopolize) in "UFO abduction cases.· APRO UFO Subcommittee of the "Committee tor the Scientific Inves-
Bulletin. $1 Olyr. lor 12 issues. tigation of Claims of the Paranormal,· 923 Kensington Avenue.
National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NI- Buffalo. NY 14215. The first formal organization of UFO skep-
CAP). SUite 2.3. 3535 University Blvd., Kensington MD 20795. tics. who tackle the "best UFO cases· on record. etten with
Another old group, unfortunately in a downhill slide following a spectacular success. much to the dismay of most UFO buffs.
decade of organizational in-fighting. NICAP Bulletin, $101yr. Reports of activities are included in the Committee publication
Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), 103 Oldtowne Road, Seguin, The Skeptical Inquirer (formerly Zetetic), $12/yr.
TX 78155. A vigorous. expanding group acting in concer1 with The National Enquirer's Blue Ribbon Panel of UFO experts
CUFOS. MUFON UFO Journal, $8/yr. (who review "best cases· for cash rewards). Two regular
Ground Saucer Watch (GSW), 13238 North 7th Drive, Phoenix, members (James Harder and Leo Sprinkle) are joined by a
AZ 85029. Highly professional organization (membership by changing cadre of obscure "UFO exper1s, ·including this
··ation only), which applies vigorous scientific standards to year's l'fillard Armstrong and John L. Warren. More respected
• investigations. Quarterly journal free with membership. UFOiog:sts nave declined offers of membership. Send contest
. oject Startight International (PSI), PO Box 5310, Austin TX entries to UFO REWARD. National Enquirer, Lantana FL •
78763. Somewhat mysterious organization with the best array 33464. All entries will be evaluated.

32 0MN1 ;.
 . .,~..,.....

·-·~
./ ¥
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,. '
... ..
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' :· ·.
lu ... u .. ~.l"'•:•··~ a1:,1 ,,~o, .. :.o ·....... ~~• •·•L.UI' 1.., .... •l•

"' · • I I 0
A.}lh\.11. cu I :J J.,, 31

U11~xpl~•"ed Li!Jhl~ .•.

lli\F/CC"

1. Eal'ly in the- uiOrlliii!J "' 21 IJcc: lW (<.1i'J'I"Ol(iiii.Jl1.!ly 03DOL). two u:;AF

Si!curit.y pol ice- putn>l111c" suw unusu.Jl l"i.uhts out~idt the tJack gate ilt
·. RJ\F t;oodbridyt. Thinl..iu~ <111 uircrilft might iluvt! c:rashtd. or been.·forctd. '!":
down, thty called for PCI"IIIiSsion to !)0 outside the gate- to 1rives.Ugi1tC.,· •·.
The on-dtsty flight chief s·cspundc:-d und a! f"owed thr:i:c ::J~trc!:~-:::: t:::. rr.::- ·
ceeLI ~ fuat. Tin~ iuJiv.i<.luals. ,..,i''-''"tEJ s.::J,jug. it :.ts·anyC! glcn~inu object
in the rarest. The object WaS desc.-ibed as."·beil)y Ult!t<s.l ic: in appearunce
and .triangular in shnpe-,. approximJtcly two to.
tht'et• t~ters.·ac.ross.l~t~· ....
base·_anq. upp.~·oxim.nely two noeters hiyh. It flluminated. the ent·ire· forest.
with: a: whit~ liyht. The object. itself had a pulsing. red. light on· tat> and.
a bonk-(s)" of blue 1 iyhts und£:rns:ath. lhe· object. 1~as. hovering·, or on leys.
As. th~:- p.:strolmen approached the object, it m;,ueuvered through the- t•·ee!>·.
and disa.ppeared. At tlli~ time· t~iwionals on a ncar~y farm went into. a.
frenzy.. The obj.::ct wc!s bs:iefly S.iyhlcd iipprcix.iuo.Jtt!ly an. hour later nC!~Lr.
the back" gate-. '-'- ·

t
2. The ne.xt day, thn,t depressions I 1/?N d~t!IJ an<.! 7" in diameter·wts·e·,
fouu<.l where- thP. uL•Jr.Ct. haJ lleen sighted on the ground. The following.
uight (29 Dec 80) t.lot! a•·ca was chr::,:~;.,d tur radiatiun. Bt::ta/~~i.sfllllii11"eadiny:.
of 0.1 111ill irot!ntucu~ wcs·e recordb:l ,.ith peak n ·diny~ in Lhe lllree- de-
J..II"t:ssion~ <ortd nc<;,s· the ..:l:nter of tloc L.-iartylc !o•·mcc' l>y the depress.iolrS ..
A neas·by tr·ee "hdd u•JJerate (.05-.tJ7) rr::adinys un lhe ;ide of the trte
tOI~isrd tile dep,·e!>:>lons..

3. Ldto:s .. in tile nlyht a o·t:J wn-like liqht •~as ,,,., .. th•uugh the tr:-ets.
I •
'?

It 111uveJ abiJut and puhtd. At one point it appc.lll'd i.: thro>'~ off glowing
particles ilnd tt•L·r• L>•·ul.e :inlu five ~eP<••·ate whitv uL_it!ttS and then di~.­
appee:-ed. !n•::edi.;tely tllt:re.otto:r, ti11·ee star-1 ih· ··hjt•cts wtre noticed
in the sky, t1•0 objects to tilt ntJrth undone t_, . •,•. •.outh, all of which
wo:rt! about 10° ul f th..: i•uo·i.tun. The uLjc..:ts "''""'"'' •. ,.iJly in ~l•ol'iJ ,iu!:lula•
·moven•ent~ and displdyed s·eo, grctn illld blue lighb liJc:- ~bjects to the
north appeared to lle ell iptiLal thruug11 an 8-12 pu•••:< l ..... s. They· then
tuo·ned to full ci,·c;l.,s. Tile obj~cls to the ·north s·""'"·nr::d.in the sky !o.;,·
an hour or more. The object to the: south was visible for t••o or thre•!·
hours. and !Jea111ed c.Ju.wn a. stream of light fron, time lo ti111e. Numerous indivi·
duals, inc.luding the unders.igned, ••itnc:::.sed the activities in pa.ragrdphs.

''!JJV4~
~~r;~
Clri!-ES I. Lt Co! , USAF
De)July. lldsc CouJuiinJ.:r i

. r
' . .

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

OF"F"ICE OF' NAVAL RESEARCH
ARLINGTON. VIRGINIA 22217 ,,._Rl"l'I'A[I(Pl(

Information Sheet

Philadelphia Experiment; UFO's

Over the years the Navy has received innwnerable queries about the
socalled "Philadelphia Experiment" or "Project" and the alleged role
of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in it. The majority of these
inquiries are directed to the Office "'f Naval Research or to the Fourth
Naval District in Philadelphia. The frequency of these queries predict-
ably intensifies each time the experiment is mentioned by the popular
press, often in a science fiction book.

Tne genesis of the Philadelphia Experiment myth dates back to 1955 with
the publication of The case for UFO's by the late Morris K. Jessup.
So:ne time after the publication of the book, Jessup received correspond-
ence from a Carlos Miguel Allende, who gave his address as R.D. #1, Box
2~:1, New Kensington, PA. In his correspondence Allende corrmented on
Jessup's book and gave details of an alleged secret naval experiment
conducted by the· Navy in Philadelphia in 1943. During the experiment,
according to Allende, a ship was rendered invisible and teleported to
and from Norfolk in a few minutes, with some terrible aftereffects for
crew members. Supposedly, this incredible feat was accomplished by
applyi11g Einstein's "unified field" theory. Allende claimed that he had
witnessed the experiment from another ship and that the incident was
reported in a Philadelphia newspaper. The identity of the newspaper has
never been established. Similarly, the identity of Allende is unknown,
and no information exists on his present address.
In 1956 a copy of Jessup's book was mailed anonymously to ONR. The pages
of t.he book were interspersed with hand written corrments which alleged
a knowledge of UFO's, their means of motion, the culture and ethos of
the beings occupying these UFO's, described in pseudo-scientific and
incoherent. terms.

Two officers, then assigned to ONR, took a personal interest in the

book and showed it to Jessup. Jessup concluded that the writer of
the corrments on his book was the same person who had written him about
the Philadelphia Experiment. These two officers personally had the book
retyped and arranged for the reprint, in typewritten form, of 25 copies.
The officers and their personal belongings have left ONR rrany years ago,
and am does not have a file copy of the annotated book.
 ''""''!l!'iF-

; ~t.:;.
''-i\"'"i'

REVIEW

OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO REPORT ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
BY A
PANEL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Copyright, National Academy of Sciences, 1969. This book, or any parts

thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission
from the publisher except that reproduction in whole, or in part, is
permitted for any use of the United States Government.

· Y--~>f
",._,,-).'

~-, ····~
·'' :,. ,,
>;.t

Attachment 2, ~g J.~s,.:i~:

- .•!;
 Review

of the

University of Colorado Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

by a

Panel of the National Academy of Sciences

The Panel was appointed in the latter part of October and early
November 1968. The charge to the Panel was "to provide an independent
assessment of the scope, methodology, and findings of the (University
of Colorado) study as reflected in the (University's) Report." While
the Panel largely restricted its review to this charge, it was thought
both appropriate and necessary that the Panel become familiar with various
scientific points of view as presented in other publications and reports
by technically trained persons.

It was not the task of the Panel to conduct its own study of UFOs
or to invite advocates, scientifically trained or not, of various points
of view to hearings. The task was to study the University's Report
and to assess: First, its scope; namely, did the Report, in the opinion
of the Panel, cover those topics that a scientific study of UFO !ilenomena
should have embraced? Seoond, its methodology; namely, did the Report,
in the opinion of the Panel, reveal an acceptable scientific methodology
and approach to the subject? Third, its findir.gs; namely, were the
conclusions and interpretations warranted by the evidence and analyses
as presented in. the Report and were they reasonable?

In the course of its review the Panel consul ted papers on the same
subject by technically trained persons (for example, William Markowitz,
"The Physics and Meta!ilysics of Unidentified Flying Objects," Science,
157 ( 1967), pp. 1274-79. James E. McDonald, "Science, Technology, and
UFOs," presented January 26, 1968, at a General Seminar of the United
Aircraft Research Laboratories, East Hartford, Connecticut. James E.
McDonald, "UFOs- An International Scientific Problem," presented March
12, 1968, at the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute Astronautics
Symposium, Montreal, Canada. James E. McDonald, "Statement on International
• Scientific Aspects of the Problems of Unidentified Flying Objects,"
sent to the United Nations on June 7, 1967. Donald H. Menzel, Flying
Saucers, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, 1952). Donald H. Menzel
and Lyle G. Boyd, The World of Flying Saucers, Doubleday (New York,
1963). Report of Meetings of Scientific Advisory Panel on Unidentified
Flying Objects, January 14-18, 1953. Special Report of the USAF Scientific
Advisory Board ad hoc Ccmmittee to Review Project "Blue Book," March, 1966.
Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects, Hearings before the Ccmmittee
on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth
Congress, Second Session, July 29, 1968).

Attachment 2, pg 5
 The Panel beE!;an its review immediately after the Report became
available on November 15, 1968, by an initial reading of the Report
by each member of the Panel during a two-week period. The Panel convened
on December 2 for a discussion of members' initial assessments, for
consideration of the Panel's charge (sec pe, methodology, and findings
in the Report), and for delineatioh of further steps in its review.
The latter included the study of other documents presenting views and
findings of technically trained persons (e.g., the documents cited above),
further examination of the Report's summary and findings, and further
directed study of specialized chapters of the Report by appropriate
members of the Panel. Extensive discussion, both by correspondence
and by telephone, occurred during this period. The Panel met aE!;ain
on January 6, 1969, to conclude its deliberations and to prepare its
findings, which are presented below.

I. SCXJPE

The study by the University of Colorado CODIDienced in October 1966

and continued for about two years. Case studies of 59 reports of UFOs
are presented in detail, with 68 plates; of these, ten reports predated
the project, but were so well documented that they were included. A
chapter is devoted to UFOs in history, one to UFO study programs in
foreign countries, and one to UFOs reported in the 20 years preceding
the study. Ten chapters are devoted to perceptual problems, processes
of perception and reporting, psychological aspects of UFO reports, optics,
radar, sonic boom, atmospheric electricity and plasma interpretations, f~
balloons, instrumentation for UFO searches, and statistical analyses.
(Twenty-four appendixes add detailed technical background to the study.
Volume 4 concludes with an index of 27 pages.)
In our opinion the scope of the study was adequate to its purpose:
a scientific study of UFO ffienomena.

II. METHODOLOGY
As a rule, field trips were made to investiE!;ate UFO reports only
if they were less than a year old. The Report states that nearly all
UFO sighting are of short duration, seldom last an hour and usually
for a few minutes. Thus most investigations consisted of interviews
with persons who made reports. Three teams, usually consisting of two
persons each (a physical scientist and a psychologist, were employed
in field investiE!;ations where telephonic collllllunication with UFO-sighting
individuals E!;!Ve hope of E!;aining added information. The aim was to
get a team to the site as quickly as possible after a reported sighting.
(It was found that nearly all cases could be classified in such categories
as pranks, hoaxes, naive interpretations, and various types of misinterpretations
A few events, which did not fit these categories, are left unexplained.)

Materials and conditions amenable to laboratory approaches were.

investiE!;ated - e.g., alleged UFO parts by chemical analysis, automobile
ignition failure by simulation studies, and UFO photography by photogrammetri'
analyses. (Of 35 photographic cases investigated, nine are said to
give evidence of probable fabrication, seven are classified as natural

Attachment 2, pg 6
 or man-made phenomena, twelve provided insufficient data for analysis,
and seven were considered to be possible fabrications; none proved to
be "real objects with high strangeness.")

Technically trained personnel were utilized by the University.

The University group included a sub-group on field investigations of
UFO reports; their narration and interpretations of cases are reasonable
and adequate. Leading groups were engaged under contract for specialized
work-- e.g., Stanford Research Institute on radar anomalies and a subsidiary
of the Raytheon Corporation for photogrammetric analyses. Divergent
views of those few scientists who have looked into UFOs were taken into
account. The history of the subject was also surveyed, including the
experiences in some other nations. Finally, extensive use was made
of many specialists in various public and private laboratories.
The Report makes clear that with the best means at our disposal, positive
correlation of all UFO reports with identifiable, known phenomena is
not possible. No study, past, current or future, can provide the basis
for stating categorically that a familiar phenomenon will necessarily
be linkable to every sighting. The Report is free of dogmatism
on this matter. It is also clear, as one goes through the
descriptions of UFO sightings, whether in the Report or in other literature,
that while some incidents have no positive identification with familiar
phenomena, they also have no positive identification with extraterrestrial
visitors or artifacts.
We think the methodology and approach were well chosen, in accordance
with accepted standards of scientific investigation.

III. FINDINGS
The study concludes (a) that about 90 percent of all UFO reports
prove to be quite plausibly related to ordinary phenomena, (b) that
little if anything has come from the study of UFOs in the past 21 years
that has added to scientific knowledge, and (c) that further extensive
study of•UFO sightings is not justified in the expectation that science
will be advanced thereby. At the same time it is emphasized in the
Report that (c) is an opinion based on evidence now available.
The Report's findings and evaluations-- essentially eight ~n number,
presented in its first section -- are concerned with official secrecy
• on UFOs, UFOs as a possible defense hazard, the future governmental
handling of UFO-sighting reports, and five of them relate to the question
of what if any further investigation of UFOs appear warranted in the
light of the study. We paraphrase and summarize these findings and
evaluations be:ow, appending our comments.
1. On secrecy. Is the subject "shrouded in official secrecy"?
The study found no basis for this contention.
We accept this finding of the study.

Attachment 2, pg 7
 2. On defense. (a) Is there evidence that UFO sightings may represent
a defense hazard? No such evidence came to light in the study. This,
however, was not an objective of the study and was properly construed
as a Department of Defense matter. (b) The Report states: "The history
of the past 21 years has repeatedly led Air Force officers to the conclusion
that none of the things seen, or thought to have been seen, which pass
by the name of UFO reports, constituted any hazard or threat to national
security."
We concur with the position described in (a). As to (b), we found
no evidence in the Report or other literature to contradict the guoted
statement.

3. On future UFO sightings. "The question :-emains as to what,

if anything, the f'ederal government should do about the UFO reports
it receives f'rom the general public?" The Report f'ound no basis for
activity related to such sighting reports "in the expectation that they
are going to contribute to the advance of science," but the Department of
Defense should handle these in its normal surveillance operations with-
out need for such special units as Project Blue Book.
We concur in this recommendation.
4-8. On further investigation. (4) should the federal government
"set up a major new agency, as some have suggested for the scientific ~
study of UFOs"? The study f'ound no basis for recommendation of' this
kind. (5) Would further extensive study of UFO sightings contribute
to science? "Our general conclusion is that nothing has come from the
study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to scientific know-
ledge. The Report then notes that specific research topics may warrant
consideration: (6) "There are important areas of atmospheric optics,
including radio wave propagation, and of atmospheric electricity in
which present knowledge is quite incomplete. These topics come to our
attention in connection with the interpretation of some UFO reports,
but they are also of fundamental scientific interest, and they are relevant
to practical problems related to the improvement of safety of military
and civilian flying. Research eff'orts are being carried out in these
areas by the Department of Defense, the Environmental Science Services
Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and
by universities and nonprof'it research organizations such as the National
Center f'or Atmospheric Research, whose work is sponsored by the National
Science Foundation."
The Report also observes (7) that UFO reports and beliefs are also
of' interest to "the social scientist and the communications specialist."
In these areas particularly-- i.e., (6) and (7) --the study suggests
(8) that "scientists with adequate training and credentials who do come
up with a clearly def'ined, specific proposal" should be supported, implying
that normal competitive procedures and assessments of proposals should
be followed here as is customary.

Attachment 2, pg 8
 We concur with these evaluations and recommendations.
IV. PANEL CONCLUSION

The range of topics in the Report is extensive and its various

chapters, dealing with many aspects of the subject, should prove of
value to scholars in many fields. Its analyses and findings are pertinent
and useful in any future assessment of activity in this field. We
concur in the recommendation suggesting that no high priority in UFO
investigations is warranted by data of the past two decades.
We are unanimous in the opinion that this has been a very credi-
table effort to apply objectively the relevant techniques of science
to the solution of the UFO problem. The Report recognizes that there
remain UFO sightings that are not easily explained. The Report does
suggest, however, so many reasonable and possible directions in which
an explanation may eventually be found, that there seems to be no reason
to attribute them to an extraterrestrial source without evidence that
is much more convincing. The Report also shows how difficult it is
to apply scientific methods to the occasional transient sightings with
any chance of success. While further study of particular aspects of
the topic (e.g., atmospheric phenomenal may be useful, a study of UFOs
in general is not a promising way to expand scientific understanding
of the phenomena. On the basis of present knowledge the least likely
explanation of UFOs is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitations
by intelligent beings.
-~erald H. Clemence, chairman; H. R. Crane, David M. Dennison, Wallace
0. Fenn, H. Keffer Hartline, E. R. Hilgard, Mark Kec, Francis W. Reschelderier,
William W. Rubey, C. D. Shane, Oswald G. Villar, Jr.
Attachments:
--List of Panel Members

Attachment 2, pg 9
 · . J.I.il'"'
v
,-,~·~::r
···<·
MEMBERS OF THE REVIEW PANEL

,': : :-~~:~,~

Gerald M. Clemence, Chairman ·'i\~·1

Yale University . ~-'~~ -)~_:
,. ..:
H.R. Crane Mark ltac

University of Michigan The Rockefeller University

David M. Dennison Francis W. Reichelderfer
University of Michigan Washington, D.C.
Wallace 0. Fenn William W. Rubey
University of Rochester University of California
at Los Angeles
H. Keffer Haneline C.D. Shane
The Rockefeller University Santa Cruz, California
E.R. Hilgard Oswald G. Villard, Jr.
Stanford University Stanford University
': ;~,,,..
~ ,'

. /·-;'
.'

Attachment 2, · pg" 10
 UFO FACT SHEET
The Air Force investigation of UFO•s began in 1948 and was known
as Project Sign. Later the name was changed to Project Grudge, and
in 1953, it became Project Blue Book. Between 1948 and 1969 we investi-
gated 12,618 reported sightings.
The following is a statistical listing of reported UFO sightings
during the Air Force investigation:
TOTAL UFO SIGHTINGS, 1947 - 1969

~ TOTAL SIGHTINGS UNIDENTIFIED

1947 122 12
1948 156 7
1949 186 22
1950 210 27
1951 169 22
1952 1 '501 303
1953 509 42
1954 487 46
1955 545 24
1956 670 14
1957 1,006 14
1958 627 10
1959 390 12
1960 557 14
1961 591 13
1962 474 15
1963 399 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 16
1966 1' 1 12 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 1

TOTAL 12,618 701

Of these total sightings, 11,917 were found to have been caused
by material objects (such as balloons, satellites, and aircraft), immaterial
objects (such as lightning, reflections and other natural phenomena),
astronomical objects (such as stars, planets, the sun and the moon),
weather conditions and hoaxes. As indicated only 701 reported sightings
remain unexplained.

Attachment 2, pg 1
 On December 17, 1969 the Secretary of the Air Force announced the
termination of Project Blue Book.
The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on an
evaluation of a report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled,
"Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" a review of the Univer-
sity of Colorado's report by the National Academy of Sciences; past
UFO studies; and Air Force experience investigating UFO reports for
two decades.
As a result of these investigations and studies, and experience
gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the conclusions of
Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported, investigated, and evalu-
ated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our
national security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or dis-
covered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as "unidentified"
represent technological developments or principles beyond the range
of present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" are extrater-
restrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force regulation
establishing and controlling the program for investigating and analyzing
UFOs was rescinded. All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
investigation was permanently transferred to the Modern Military Branch,
National Archives and Records Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue,
Washington, D.C. 20408, and is available for public review and analysis.
In 1977, President Carter asked the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) to look into the possibility of resuming UFO investi-
gations. After·studying all the facts available, they decided that
nothing would be gained by further investigation. The Air Force agrees
with that decision. If, however, firm evidence is found justifying
further investigation, an appropriate agency will be directed to under-
take the effort.
There are a number of universities and professional scientific
organizations such as the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, which have considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings
and seminars. In addition, a list of private organizations interested
in aerial phenomena may be found in Gale's Encyclopedia of Associations
(Edition 8, Vol I, pp. 432-3). Such timely review of the situation
by private groups insures that sound evidence will not be overlooked
by the scientific community.
For further reference material, two documents are available from
the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, VA 22151:

Attachment 2, pg 2
 Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. Study conducted
by the University of Colorado under contract F44620-76-C-0035. Three
volumes, 1,465 p. 68 plates. Photoduplicated hard copies of the official
report may be ordered for $6 per volume, $18 the set of three, as AD
680:975, AD 680:976, and AD 680:977.
Review of University of Colorado Report on Unidentified
Flying Objects. Review of report by a panel of the National Academy
of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 1969, 6p. Photoduplicated
hard copies may be ordered for $3 as AD 688:541 .

3
Attachment 2, pg . 3
 TOTAL UFO (OBJECT) SIGHTINGS

(Compiled 17 Jan 66)

TOTAL
YEAR SIGHTINGS UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE

1947 122 12 Case Files

1948 156 7 Case Files
1949 186 22 Blue Book, page 108
1950 210 27 Case Files
1951 169 22 Case Files
1952 1,501 303 Blue Book, page 108
1953 509 42 Case Files
1954 487 46 Case Files
1955 545 24 Case Files
1956 670 14 Case Files
1957 1,006 14 Case Files
1958 627 10 Case Files
1959 390 12 Case Files
1960 557 14 Case Files
~·'
1961 591 13 Case Files
1962 474 15 Case Files
1963 399 14 Case Files
1964 562 19 Case Files
1965 886 16 Case Files
10,147 646

..

7
 STATISTICAL DATA l'OR YEARS 1853·19114

TOTAL CASES BY CATEOORY (Complied I No• 151

!ill ill!. ~ .!.!!! IU7 ~ ~ I DtiO .!.!!! ~ 1913 19114 ~

A.atronomtc a1 115 137 135 m 341 231 144 235 203 131 85 123 2187
A.lrcratt
Ballooo ,.
73 10
8S
IZt
102
Ul
93
211
IU
101
5I
83
31
ee
Z2
~
31
sa
19
13
21
11
20
1117
115
lnNfflclent Data 19 103 95 132 191 Ill 15 105 115 D• 59 gg 12U
Other 82 II 15 II 120 93 15 g. 11 15 5I 81 DU
S:lteU1te 0 0 0 0 I II 0 21 89 17 IZ 142 •u
UnldentUif'd •2 u z• u u 10 12 14 13 15 14 19 237
TOTAL "!iii m m 870 iOiii m 3iO m m ffi m m om
ASTRONOMICAL SICRTI!IGS

Meteors 70 92 19 81 179 Ill 100 117 119 n 57 et 129$

Stars and. Planeta 101
•• u 131 144 51 fO t5 71 31 23 55 805

m• m m• m -m- m m• -m m m -n m
Other I 3 II 1 3 e 5 5 7 17
TOTAL m'l
OTRER CASES

Roues. Halluctnattou,
Unreliable II l!l)O,...!" a.od
Psychalo~ttcal C:w..a
Mtnu.. and Roctm
15
2
I
I
18
I
II
3 ...
:r. 29
I
14
I.
13
IZ
n
13
II
9
II
13
34
1
221
83
Renecttona
nares and Flr~lrS
• • •a
I
I 3
e I
1
3
II
5
9
1
3
•
3
3
a
3
2
1
M·
59
Mlr:ures and ~verston1
Search and Ground.licbts
3
9 a • 2
14
I
9
=
12
2
I •
5
5
B
I
I
3
3
J
~
z
e
37
.,
81

•• •
Clouds and Contn!U a 3 2 I 9 5 3 5 5 0
CbaU 0 2 0 I 2 a I 3 5 2 I 27
Birds
Rad.ar Analysts •
15
7
7
2 a
a
I
27
I
3
0
I
3
I
2
9
2
0
2
I •
2
34

Photo Analysis
Phvlical SceeLmefl"
I
I
I
a
1
2
5 •
3
I
5 '
10
4
3
e
7
•
3 2
15
3
3
B
a
"
40
10
Satelllte O,ocay 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 9 3 3
• 3 23
6!• ""':':• 51•
Other I 7 0 9 5 3 3 z I .I
TOTAL. 6i 5i 6i 12o -n 7s "14 -;5 81 -m-

8
 STATISTICS FOR !88$

(Compiled 18 Jan Hl88)

~ ill ~ ~ MAY ~ 1!!!: ~ §!! .2£!. ~ DEC ~

ASTRONOMIC>. L !0 8 I! 4 2 !0 27 82 30 27 22 12 245
AIRCRAFT II 8 14 II 14 7 32 61 20 13 14 5 210
BALLOON 3 2 I 3 0 3 7 6 2 7 0 2 36
D:Sl'FFlCIE:NT DATA 5 4 2 4 4 2 16 24 15 5 3 I 85
OTHER II 8 7 a 5 6 g 42 7 g II 3 126
SATELLITE 4 5 5 5 15 5 42 41 24 3 0 3 152
UXID.E~"TIFIE:O I 0 2 I I 0 2 4 4 0 I 0 16
PE~OI!'IG 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 4 2 17
TOTAL 45 E 43 36 41 33 m ffi rot 70 5i Zi m
ASTRONOMICAL CASES

~ ill ~ APR MAY :!!rr:! :!!!!: ~ ~ 2£! !:!Q! ~ !Q!fr

:'.1ete-ors 6 6 8 2 2 4 14 26 13 6 g 5 101
St:~.rs :Lnd Pl.Uleu 3 I 3 2 0 5 10 55 16 20 13 7 135
Otnor Ia lb 0 0 0 IC 3d le Ia If 0 0 g
TOTAL iO i IT i z 10 2'i 82 !0 2'i fi 12 m
t:ll Sobr Image (b) Moon (c) Sun (d) Reflected Moonlilht, Parl'leli.a, Moon (e) Reflected MoonUcht {fl Comet Ikeya-Sek1

OTHER CATEGORY

~ FEB ~ ~ MAY .:!£!! .!!& ~ ~ 2£! !:!QY .!!!£ ~

Hoaxes, HallucinaUons,
Unrel~ble Re-ports and
PtyCholo(lCal C.all3tS 5 3 4 I 2 I z IZ I 3 0 0 34
!dissilu and Roclc:eta I 3 I I 3 I 10
Reflectton. I I 2 I I I 7
Flares :mel Finworu I I I 4
Mir:uru and Inverstona z 3 5
Se.:arc:b :lncl Ground Ughts z 0 0 0 I z 0 0 2 0 g
ClOUds and Contrails I I I 3
C~tt I
Bm1s z z 3 II
Ph\'Sac:~.l Spf'cimf'ns lc lr lw 3
RJ.dar .-\ru.lysis le lr 3•mn lm 6
Photo Analysis 2dl 10 II 2kJ 5x IJ IZ
.:Satellite Decay 0 I I 0 I 0 z 0 I 0 I 8
:\tisceiLaneou.s 2ab Zbf lb 4sbbb lh Jtuv 13
TOT.\L IT i 7 i 5 jj ; 42 7 9 ll 3 128

tal Tnc:er Bullets {b) Mi.linterpretatlon of Conventional Objects (c) Metal Ball (d) Developer Smur (e) Anomal~ Propaptioa
• tO Kites (il Electronic Counter Meuures (h) Debris ln Wlnd (j) No lma.ge on FUm (k) Poor Photo Proceu (1) Free FalUn( Ob}eet
{mt False Tarcrts In) Weather Returns (p) Emulslon naws (r) Pb.sttc Bags (sl Man on Ground (t) l.tCbtrunc (u) Chemtc&l Tn.Us
from Research RIX:ket (v) MLssile Launch Activity (w) Ciourd

9
 FmEBALL REPORT

Persons observing a fireball or meteor should report the Information to

the American Meteor Society. The information desired is contained below.

A very brilliant meteor or fireball is re- possible, and due credit given. It Is only by the
ported to have passed in your vicinity on ~ ••• help of those ·who can give personal Information
at the hour of •••••• Will you please answer that data can be secured for the computation of
as fully as possible the following questions, the orbits of meteors. These data are of great
which are asked on behalf of the American Me- scientific value and all reasonable efforts should
teor Society in order that permanent records of be made to obtain them. Youwillbeunable prob-
such phenomena may be obtained. When these ably to answer all questions below, but answer
reports are published each contributor whose those you can, as they may be of the greatest
report is fairly complete will be mentioned, if importance.

10
 Section 4-SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONS

•4145+
AMALGAMATI:D FLYINGSAUCSI Q.UBS OF AMERICA (rtt•o-•1 (AFSCA)
P.O. Box 84
Nartlltldge, CA 91324
Phone: 12131885~38
FIIIUII4: 1959. M.-.: 5000. Llal Gr-: 110. "Warld·wodo researcll
Gabmt Green. Pres.
·-·
SOCIETY FOR T11E INVESTIGATION OF T11E UNEXPLAINED (n.,._o) (SITU)
R.D. Ono
Colurnllia. NJ 07832
Phone: (201)496-4368
AI Ilona Zwervtr. E•ec.Sec.
Fo•••= 1965. M•llln: _1250. M oroanization "for the acquisition.
orgamzatton with memberS in aliSO states and in 23 ~rl!lgn countries ro mtarm invesuoat•cn and d1sseminat1on of information on reQorts of all tangible items in
tne general public abOut tne reality at llyu1CJ saucers fertraterrestnal scacecratt tne helds of ct'lem1stry. astronomy. geotooy. tliOIOIJY and anrhrOCiolooy. that an
piloted by advanced men anct women tram otner planets and star systems) and not reatuly explained." Encowages held wOf'k and on-tne.spot investigation by
of ihe~t plan ltr imparttnQ tnetr advanced lcnowled~ to ttle oeocte of the EMth offet1ng adVICI. l'lelp1ng to rarse lunds and arrai"'CJang contacts lor members who
tn oraer to resolve Dresent world problems." AFSCA serves as a source of are ptanrung lield trips and excedrt1ons. Field work and researCh are reviewed
··cantactee-or~emecf flytng saucer tntormatlon. inctuaing books. ptlotoQraphl. by a panel ot twenty saem1sts. Oissemmates rntormauon on tinGii"'Qslhraup
camactee reoons. and space taon ('"tape recorded messages from space ns Quarterly )OUI'naJ. papers and reQOitS. Current •nvestlgauons conducted by
people··). Locat unns notd public meetings to promtlt knowtedoe of the sauC8' Society memoers mctudt sucn areas as anaent Egyptian ttii'VIsion. ringing
sub!lct and serve as sowces tO" information and lite-ature in ttteir areas.
l'llilalllll: Flyu>g Saucerslnla'naiJONI. quart•ly.

+4141+
INTERNATIONAL FORTEAH ORGAMZATION (n-o) (I lEO)
-ou:
~odtS. emo~bfd toadS_ and poltergetst manifestations. Tn. Socitty maintains
1nlormat10n flies of_ orrgrnal matenat. a mao callecuon and a specialized tibray.
Aaivitoes: Library. l'vlllicllioaa: (I) Pursuol ouarla'ly: (2) .w.ta1
Ropan; all a publishes accasoanat p;~~~ers and spiiCiat repor11.

P.O. Box 367 Pliant: (703) 92(1.7120 •4851+

Atlinqlan. VA 22210 Paul J. Willis. Dir. UFO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL CEIITER ( n - ) (UFOIRC)
Fo111doC: 1965. M•blrs: 1500. ScientiSIS. scholars. and laymen concerned with P.O. Box 57 Phant: (301) 435-0705
new and unusual SCJemtfic CIScavenes. pllilosaplloe proolerns gertatning 10 lilt Ridetwaad. MD 21139 Thomas M. OlSen. Prill.
entena of sciemafic vahdaty. and tneones ot knowleclge. Maintains librii'Y of Fo111doC: 1966. To collect. analyze. pubiiSII and disseminall inlarmatian an
5000 votumes in the pnys~cat. b•olog1cat. and psycnolog1cat SCiences. Named reoarts al unidtnlofied llyi"9 abJOCts. l'llllllcolloa: Relwence tar DuiSIIrldl"'l
attar Charles Hoy FQft (1874--1932). an Amencan )Ournai•Sl wno was tnterested UFO Si;llon; Reoans. irr'IIUia'.
in researcning ana documenting ur..JSuat and unexplained natural phenomena.
l'l~iCIII . .: (1) Fartean Times. bimonthly: (2) Tile lnta Jaurnat. bimonthly: (3)
Dcas.anal P311trs. Soponoll•: Foruan Sacill'f. C:.nollilll Mlllief: annual.

•4147+
·-·
AERIAL PHUOMEJIA RESEARCI1 ORGANIZATION (APRD)
3910 E. Kleondall Rd.
Tucson. AI. 85712
Pliant: (602) J'93.1825
Coral E. Lorenzen. SeC.·Treas.
Fe•414: 1952. M•W.: 3000. Sian: 5. Ta conduct invesllgatians and researcn
NA TIDNAL INVESTIGATIONS COMMimE ON AERIAL 1'11£l1DMEliA IN ICAP) into the phenomenon of unidentified nyint;J objects {UF0s) and to find a
·•35 unoversity Blvd. w.. S.ilo 23 Phone: (301) 949-1267 scsenufically accegtable solution to this phenomenon. Has sceciaj
nsongtan. MD 20795 Jalln L. Acuff. Pres. re~esenrar1ves in ovw 50 cou11ries. Uses services of OYif thirty stan
,.,.,.,,, 1956. Mo"""': 4000. Sid: 5. Persons inlwtsled in awial ohenamena. consuuants in fields ranging lrom biothem1stry 10 astronomy. Maintarns
oan•cutarly umdentitied flying oOjects (UFOs); panel of advas•• includes
COMCA T. COI!IIIUIIr calalag al all availaDit UFO reports. "**'-: Bulletin,
scaentasts. engmeers. aviauon expens. clergymen. ret1r!d m1litary officers. and manlllly.
protessors. To gatner. ana~. evaluate.. and oisseminate reliable information
on aeraai phenomena. Promotes seiem:lfic investigation. Field investigations
carried au! 11y lecllnicatly aroenttd subeamrnonees (35 U.S.). Provides
b•bhograpnic and source materialS to students. e.xcn:ange dm. to scientific
socet•es and individuaJ saenusts. and semj.technical reQorts to scientists.
ConQress. and U1e press. Maintllns tar~ libra-yon aeriat ghenomena. avaation.
astronomy, and collection of ma;az~ne anides. newsg~er cliOOII'IIjS. letters.
and otner documents. Sponsors a lecture orogram and an exhibit. lnvotvtd with
a camol4er study. Praitc:l ACCESS. l'llllh:atiuo: Tile U.F.O. lnvosliQaiDI',
man1111y: alla publiSIIIS UFO Evidence: UFO Wave al1947: S~ango Effects tram
UFOs. Board al gavomcrs meets quarta'ly.

•4141+
SAUCER AND UNEXPLAINED caESTlAL EVENTS RESEARCI1 SOCIETY
(1'111"'1111111 (SAUCERS)
P.O. Bax2228 P!tano: (304) 269-2719
Clarksllurg, WV 26301 Gray Barker. Exec. 0!11. .
Fo,.do4: 1954. MIIOIItn: 6000. Slol: 3. Persons intwested in UFO's (unidenlrtied
llyong aD1tas. oaoularly called ftY'ng saucers1. Soansars monthly lectures tn
New York City and speeches to coueges and other anstrtut1ons tnrouohout the
Unrted Slates. Conduas researc:ll. Matrtllns library at several lhousand UFO
" bOoKs and penocbcats. P'l~cau.: Newsletter. 1rregutar. Takes part in annuli
oanvemoan known as tho Congress at Scien~fic Ufalagosts. Clmoliul IIIIIIJII:
am tal.

•4141+
SMITHSONIAN INSTIT1JTIDN CENTI:II FOR SHORT LIVED PNEliOMW
185 AleWife Braat< Pity. Phone: 1617) 868-lm
C.ambndge. MA 02138 Raben: Citron, Oil.
fo!lliejll: 1968. Funded by Smithsonian Institution. Serves as a cteanno house
lor rece1ot and d1ssem1nat1on of 1nlorma:uon conc:ernu19 rare or infrequent
nanxal events wrucn m1gm ga unoaser-.ed or un•nvestiQtllttct sucn as remote
·-:arne erupt•ons. brnn of new 1slandS. tall of me1eorrtes and large fireballs.
. sudden ci'Qnges in OIOtoQICal and ecotog•cat syStems. Observers all Mr
me W<J"Id mdudrnCJ news mema. private crtrzens. individual SCientists, and
sc,enuflc observatol'les report on any sucn snort-lived events. Rapid team
mo01hzanon w•ll enaole reseaccn 1eams. wun Instruments and equ1cment. to gel
1nto evem areas '" as snort a lime as poss1bte to cauect dat;a tnat miont
otnerw•se oe tost to sc~enca. P'll'iiCIIioU: ( 1) Event Information Reoons. da11y:
111 E"'nl Nolohcauan Reports, datly: (3) Annual ~an: (4) E"'nt Reports,
lrT!9'Jlar.
Attachment 2, pg ll
•
PROJECT

BLUE
BOOK

., 1 FEBRUARY 1966
l
 PROJECT BLUE BOOK

The United States Air Force has the responsibility under the Department of Defense for the
investigation of unidentified flying· objects (UFOs). The name of this program, which has been in
operation since 1948, is Project Blue Book. It has been identified in the past as Project Sign and
• Project Grudge•

Air Force interest in unidentified flying objects is related directly to the Air Force responsi-
bility for the air defense of the United States. Procedures for conducting this program are estab-
lished by Air Force Regulation 200-2.

The objectives of Project Blue Book are two-fold: !!rst, to determine whether UFOs pose a
threat to the security of the United States; and, second, to determine whether UFOs exhibit any
unique scientific information or advanced technology which could contribute to scientific or technical
research. In the course of accomplishing these objectives, Project Blue Book strives to identify
and explain all UFO sightings reported to the Air Foree.

HOW THE PROGRAM IS CONDUCTED

The prograt:t is conducted in three phases. The first phase includes receipt of UFO reports
and initial investigation of the reports. The Air Force base nearest the location of a reported sight-
ing is charged with the responsibil!ty of investigating the sighting and forwarding the information to
the Project Blue Book Office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

If tbe initial investigation does not reveal a positive identlf!cation or explanation, a second
phase of more intensive analysts iS conducted by the Project Blue Book Off!ce. Each case iS objec-
tively and scientifically analyzed, and, if necessary, all of the scientific facilities available to the
Air Force can be used to assist in arriving at an identification or explanation. All persoMel asso-
ciated with the investigation, analysts, and evaluation efforts of the project view each report with
a scientific approach and an open mind.

The third phase of the program is dissemination of information concerning UFO sightings,
.evaluations, and statiStics. ThiS iS accompliShed by the Secretary of the Air Force, Off!ce of In-
formation.

The Air Force defines an unidentified flying object as any aerial object which the observer is
unable to identify.

Reports of unfamiliar objects in the sky are submitted to the Air Force from many sources.
These sources include military and civilian pilots, weather observers, amateur astronomers,
business and professional men and women, and housewives, etc.

Frequently such objects as missiles, balloons, birds, kites, searchlights, aircraft navigation
and anticollision beacons, jet engine exhaust, condensation trails, astronomical bodies and meteor-
c ological phenomena are mistakenly reported as unidentified flying objects.

The Air Force groups its evaluations of UFO reports under three general headings: (1) identified,
(2) insufficient data, and (3) unidentified. ·

1
 Identified reports are those for which sufficient specific information has been accumulated and
evaluated to permit a positive identification or explanation of the object.

Reports categorized as Insufficient Data are those for which one or more elements of informa-
tion essential for evaluation are missing. Some examples are the omission of the duration of the
sighting, date, time, location, position in the sky, weather conditions, and the manner of appearance
or disappearance. If an element is missing and there is an indication that the sighting may be of a
security, scientific, technical, or public interest value, the Project Blue Book Office conducts an
additional investigation and every attempt is made to obtain the information necessary for identifi-
cation. However, in some instances, essential information cannot be obtained, and no further action
can be taken.

The third and by far the smallest group of evaluations is categorized as Unidentified. A sight-
ing is considered unidentified when a report apparently contains all pertinent data necessary to
suggest a valid hypothesis concerning the cause or explanation of the report but the description of
the object or Its motion cannot be correlated with any known object or phenomena.

TYPES OF UFO IDENTIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS

There are various types of UFO sightings. Most common are reports of astronomical sightings,
which include bright stars, planets, comets, fireballs, meteors, auroral streamers, and other celes-
tial bodies. When observed through haze, light fog, moving clouds, or other obscurations or unusual
conditions, the planets, includi.'lg Venus, Jupiter, and Mars have been reported as unidentified flying
objects. Stellar mirages are also a source of reports.

Satellltes are another major source of UFO reports. An increase in satellites reported as UFOs
has come about because of two factors. The first is the increase of interest on the part of the publlc;
the second Is the increasing number of satellites In the skies. Positive knowledge of the location of all
satellltes at all times enables rapid identification of satellite sightings. Keeping track of man-made
objects In orbit about the earth is the responsibUity of the North American Air Defense Command
Space Detection and Tracking System. This .sophisticated electronic system gathers complex space
traffic data instantly from tracking stations all over the world.

Other space surveillance activities include theuseofballistic tracking and large telescopic cam-
eras. ECHO schedules are prepared by theNASAGoddardSpace flight Center at Greenbelt, Maryland,
and schedules of the South/North equator crossings are prepared by the Smithsonian Institution at
Cambridge, Massachusetts. From the data produced by these agencies, satellites mistakenly reported
as UFOs can be quickly identified. Some of these are visible to the naked eye.

Aircraft account for another major source of UFO reports, particularly during adverse weather
conditions. When observed at high altitudes and at some distance, aircraft can have appearances rang-
ing from disc to rocket shapes due to the reflection of the sun on their bright surfaces. Vapor or con-
densation trails from jet aircraft will sometimes appear to glow fiery red or orange when reflecting
sunlight. Afterburners from jet aircraftareoftenreportedas UFOs since they can be seen from great
distances when the aircraft cannot be seen.

The Project Blue Book Office has direct contact with all elements of the Air Force and the Fed-
eral Aviation Agency civil air control centers. All aerial refueling operations and special training
flights can be checked immediately. Air traffic of commercial airlines and flights of military aircraft
are checked with the nearest control center, enabling an immediate evaluation of aircraft mistakenly
reported as UFOs. However, since many local nights are not carried, these flights are probable causes
of some reports.
2
 Balloons continue to be reported as UFOs. Several thousand balloons are released each day from
military and civWan airports, weather stations, and research activities. There are several types of
balloons - weather balloons, rawinsondes, radiosondes, and the large research balloons which have
diameters up to 300 feet. At night, balloons carry running lights which cause an unusual appearance
when observed. Reflection of the sun on balloons at dawn and sunset sometimes produce strange ef-
fects. This usually occurs when the balloon, because of its altitudes, is exposed to the sun. Large bal-
loons can move at speeds of over 100 mUes per hour when moving in high altitude jet windstreams.
These balloons sometimes appear to be flattened on top. At other times, they appear to be saucer-
shaped and to have lights mounted inside the bag itself due to the sun's rays reflecting through the
• material of the balloon. The Balloon Control Center at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, main-
tains a plot on all MUitary Upper Air Research Balloons.

Another category of UFO evaluations labeled Other includes missiles, reflections, mirages,
searchlights, birds, kites, spurious radar indications, hoaxes, fireworks, and flares.
Aircraft, sateWtes, balloons, and the like should NOT be reported since they do not fall within
the definition of an unidentified flying object.

I
3
 CONCLUSIONS

To date, the firm conclusions of Project BlueBook are: (1) no unidentified flying object reported,
investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national
security; (2) there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings
categorized as unidentified represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of
present day scientific knowledge; and (3) tbere has been no evidence indicating that sightings categor-
ized as unidentified are extraterrestrial vehicles.

The Air Force willcontinuetoinvestigateallreports of unusual aerial phenomena over the United
States. The services of qualified scientists and technicians will continue to be used to investigate and
analyze these reports, and periodic reports on the subject will be made.

The former Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Mr. Carl Vinson, recently com-
mented on the conduct of the UFO program by tbe Air Force and stated that Congressional hearings
on tbis subject are unnecessary.

The Air Force does not deny the possibUity that some form of life may exist on other planets in
the universe. However, to date, the Air Force has neitber received nor discovered any evidence which
proves the existence and intra-space mobUity of extraterrestrial life. The Air Force continues to ex-
tend an open invitation to anyone who feels that he possesses any evidence of extraterrestrial vehicles
operating witbin the eartb's near space envelope to submit his evidence for analysis. Initial contact
for tbis purpose is tbrough the following address:

PROJECT BLUE BOOK INFORMATION OFFICE

SAFOI
WASHINGTON, DC 20330

Anyone observing what he considers to be an unidentified flying object should report it to tbe
nearest Air Force Base. Persons submitting a UFO report to the Air Force are free to discuss any
aspect of the report witb anyone. The Air Force does not seek to limit discussion on such reports and
does not withhold or censor any information pertalning to tbis unclassified program .

4
 NON AVAILABU..ITY OF MATERIALS

The following items are for internal use only and are not available for
distribution to the public. These concern internal managementand procedures
for forwarding UFO reports to the appropriate agency:
•
1. Air Force Regulation 200-2

2. JANAP 146

The Air Force has no films, photographs, maps, charts, or graphs of un-
Identified flying objects. Photographs that have been submitted for evaluation
in conjunction with UFO reports have been determined to be a misinterpreta-
tion of natural or conventional objects. These objects have a positive identifi-
cation.

The Air Force no longer possesses, and thus does not have for distribu-
tion, outdated reports on Project Sign, Project Grudge, Blue Book Special
Report No. 14, and outdated Project Blue Book press releases. Non-military
UFO publications should be requested from the publisher, not the Air Force •

..

5
 SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

Books listed below deal with facts and theories about our solar universe, the sun, planets, comets,
meteorites, the universe, stars, constellations and galaxies; telescopes, the computation of time as
it relates to astronomy, star maps and charts, and the history of astronomy.

SKY & TELESCOPE, by Sky PublisllingCorporation,HarvardCollege Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

02138. Monthly Magazine, 60 cents per copy.

WEATHER ELEMENTS, by BLAIR, published Prentice Hall. Has an excellent chapter on often mis-
identified weather phenomena.

PLANETS, STARS, AND SPACE, by CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH M. & NICHOLSON, THOMAS D. An

illustrated, non-technical explanation of the earth, planets, stars, and the universe. Prepared in co-
operation with the American Museum of Natural History.

JUNIOR SCIENCE BOOK OF STARS, by CROSBY, PHOEBE. An easy-to-read, exciting story of what
scientists lcnow about the stars, planets, the moon, and the MILKY WAY.

CHALLENGE OF THE UNIVERSE, by HYNEK, J. ALLEN & ANDERSON, NORMAN. Discusses the
nature of the universe; astronomy and cosmology, published by Scholastic Press.

THE STORY OF THE STARS, by MALONEY, TERRY. An introduction to the universe; our solar sys-
tem, our galaxy, and other galaxies. Many interesting illustrated analogies help build concepts of size
and distance. Includes references to the Van Allen radiation belts and :z:odlacallight observation of
1960.

THE WORLD OF FLYING SAUCERS, by MENZEL & BOYD. A scientific examination of the classic
UFO reports.

THE MOON, METEORITES.ANDCOMETS,Dtd1963,byMIDDLEHURST & KUIPER. Continuous analy-

sis of Soviet moon photos. Chapter on Siberian meteorite and photos or comets computation of vari-.
ous comet orbital photos.

THE NATURE OF LIGHT AND COLOR IN THE OPEN AIR, by MINNAERT, Dover Publications. This
is an excellent paperback written in understandable lay language.

METEORS, by OLIVIER. Standard te?tt by foremost authority on meteors.

PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF M.-\RS, 1905-1961, by SLIPHER, E. C., published by Lowell Observa-

tory.

ANATOMY OF A PHENOMENON, by VALLE, JACQUES.

FIRST MAN TO THE ~100::\, by VON BRAUN, WERNHER.

6
.. ,~:""~ .. Fact Sheet
. .;* ..
•
...
I
~":

• ~I
. . .. . . United States Air Force
r......... ,
:~-:-

Secretory or the Air Force. Ofllce ol Public Mairs, Woshinoton. D.C. 20330
TNJi'ORMATION OP JJPOs

Thank you for your request for information on the Air Force's
investigation of unidentified flying objects, or UFO's,
The Air Force investigation of UFO's began in 1948 and was
known as Project Sign. Later the name was changed to Project
Grudge, and in 1953, it became Project Blue Book. Between 1948
and 1969 we investigated 12,618 reported sightings.
Of these sightings, 11,917 were found to have been caused by
material objects (such as balloons, satellites, and aircraft),
immaterial objects (such as lightning, reflections, and other
natural phenomena), astronomical objects (such as stars, planets,
the sun, and the moonl, weather conditions, and hoaxes. As
indicated, only 701 reported sightings remain unexplained.
On December 17, 1969, the Secretary of the Air Force
announced· the termination of Project Blue Book. The decision to
discontinue UFO investigations was based on an evaluation of a
report prepared by. the University of Colorado entitled,
"Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;• a review of the
University of Colorado's report by the National Academy of
Sciences, past UFO studies; and the Air Force's two decades of
experience investigating UFO reports.
. - .
As a result of these investigations, studies, and experience,
the conclusions of Project Blue Book were: (1) no UFO reported,
investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any
·indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has been
no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that
sightings categorized as "unidentified" represent technological
developments or principles beyond the range of present day
scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no evidence
indicating that sightings categorized as •unidentified" are
extraterrestrial vehicles.
With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force
regulation establishing and controlling the program for
investigating and analyzing UFOs was rescinded. All documentation
regarding the former Blue Book investigation was permanently
transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and
Record Service, 8th and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC 20408,
and is available for public review and analysis.
 In 1977, President Carter asked the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration !NASAl to look into the possibility of resuming
UFO investigations. After studying all the facts available, NASA
decided that nothing would be gained by further investigation. The
Air Force agrees with that decision. If, however, firm evidence is
found justifying further investigation, an appropriate agency will be
directed to undertake the effort.
There are a number of universities and
UFO SIGBTINGS BY YEAR professional scientific organizations such
as the American Association for the ·
Y.2R TQTAL t!NIPf;m'If.l..m Advancement of Science, which have
1947 112 12 considered UFO phenomena during periodic
1948 156 7 meetings and seminars. In addition, a list
1949 186 22 of private organizations interested in
1950 210 27 aerial phenomena may be found in Gale's
1951 169 22 Encyclopedia of Associations. Such timely
1952 1501 303 review of the situation by private groups
1953 509 42 insures that sound evidence will not be
1954 487 46 overlooked by the scientific community.
1955 545 24
1956 670 14 For further reference material, two
1957 1006 14 documents are available from the National
1958 627 10 Technical Information Service, u.s.
1959 390 12 Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal
1960 557 14 Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
1961 591 13
1962 474 15
1963 399 14
1964 562 19
1965 887 16
1966 1112 32
1967 937 19
1968 375 3
1969 146 1
TOTAI.: 12,618 701

..
 AERIAL PHENa-IEilA STUDY ORGANI!ATICNS

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 • • •
•
·~..:....2l"'·
:#/. • ~ Fact Sheet
·. ~.:
........
.,
United States Air force
Secretary of the Air Foree, Office of Public Affairs. Washington, D.C. 2033D-1000

87-34
Unidentified Flying Objects
•.

History • There has been no evidence indicating that

aightings categorized as "unidentified" are
The Air Foree began investigating UFOs in 1948 under extraterrestrial vehicles.
a program called Project Sign. Later the prtlgram"s name Between 1948 and 1969 the Air Force investigated
. was changed to Project Grudge, and in 1953 it became 12,618 reported UFO sightings. Of these, 11,917 were
known as Project Blue Book. On Dec. 17, 1969, the found to have been caused by material objects such
secretary of the Air Force announced the termination as balloons. satell~es, and aircraft: Immaterial objects
of Project Blue Book. such as lightning, reflections, and other natural
. The decision 1D discontinue UFO irMistigalions was phenomena: astronomical objects such as stars, planets,
based on a number ol factors. including repor1S and studies the sun, and the moon; weather conditions; and hoaxes.
by the University of Colorado and the Nalional Acaderi1y Only 701 reported sightings remain unexplained.
o1 ScieiiCes, as weU as past UFO studies and the Air Force"s
two decades o1 experiet IC8 irwestigati:IQ UFO repolls. Afore Information Available
As a result of these Investigations, studies, and
'!rience, the conclusions ol Project Blue Book were: All documentation regarding the former Blue Book
No UFO reported, Investigated and evaluated by investigation was permanently transferred to the Modem
the Air Force has ever given any Indication of threat Military Reference Branch, National Archives and
to our national security. Records Administration, 8th and Pennsylvania Ave~
. • There has been no evidence submitted to or Washington, D.C. 20408, and Is available lor public
discovered by the Air Force that sightlngs categorized review. A list of private organizations interested in aerial
as "unidentified" represent technological developments phenomena can be found in Gale"s Encyclopedia of
· or principles beyond the range of present-day scientific Associations, available in the reference section of most
knowledge. libraries.

•
•

Local Reproduction Authorized October 1987

 ,.
IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 17, 1969 NO. 1077-69
OXford 7-5131 (Info.)
OXford 7-3189 (Copies)
r
:
'
.... iI
AIR FORCE TO TERMINATE .-:
PROJECT "BLUE BOOK"

Secretary of the Air Force Robert c. Seamans, Jr., announced

today the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force program
for the investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs).
i'.
;_
In a memorandum to Air Force Chief of Staff General John D. Ryan,
Secretary Seamans stated that "the continuation of Project Blue Book
cannot be justified either on the ground of national security or in '.
[:
the interest of science,'' and concluded that the project does not merit
'
future expenditures of resources.
'·
The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on:

- An evaluation of a report prepared by the University of

~rado entitled, "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects."

- A revie~ -of the University of Colorado's report by the

National Academy of Sciences. tf
- Past UFO studies.

- Air Force experience investigating UFO reports during the past

two decades •

. Under the direction of Dr. Edward U. Condon, the University of

Colorado completed an 18-month contracted study of UFOs and its report
was released to the public in January, 1969. The report concluded that
little if anything has come from the study of UFOs in the.past 21 years
that has added to scientific knowledge, and that further ~xtensive
study of UFO sightings is not justified in the expectation that science
will be advanced .
• T-he- University of Colorado report also states that, "It seems that
only so much attention to the subject (UFOs) should be give as the
Department of Defense deems to be necessary strictly from a defense point
of view •... It is our impression that the defense function could be
performed within the framework established for intelligence and sur- .
~eillance operations without the continuance of a special unit such as
·ect Blue Book, but this is a question for defense specialists rather
.1 research scientists.''

A panel of the National Academy of Sciences made an independent

assessment of the scope, methodology, and findings of the University of

MORE
 -2- I
I
I
I
Colorado study. The panel concurred in the University of Colorado's
recommendation that "no high priority in UFO investigations is
Ii·.
warranted by data of the past two decades." It concluded by stating I
that, "On the basis of present knowledge, the least likely explanation I.
of UFOs is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitations bi intelligent I.
beings." " !'

Past UFO studies include one conducted by a Scientific Advisory

Panel of UFOs in January, 1953 (Robertson Panel); and, a review of
Project Blue Book by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc
Committee, February-March, 1966 (Dr. Brian O'Brien, Chairman). These
.r .
'': '..
studies concluded that no evidence has been found that any of the UFO ..
reports reflect a threat to our national security. 1,.:.. ; .
I'.
As a result of investigating UFO reports since 1948, the I .
conclusions of Project Blue Book are: (1) no UFO reported, investi- I .
gated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication
of threat to our national security; (2) there has been no evidence
submi'tted or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized (<.
"unidentified" represent technological developments or principles
Jnd the range of present-day scientific knowledge; and (3) there
has been no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as ''unidenti-
fied" are extraterrestrial vehicles.
,·..:.
Project Blue Book ·records will be retired to th:e' USAF Archives, ,···
Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Requests for information will
continue to be handled by the Secretary of the Air Force, Office of
Information (SAFOI), Washington, D.C. 20330.

END

'
I
 (1) Give your name and address.

(2) Where were you when you saw the meteor? (U the town Is small please give county as well.)

(3) Give the date, hour and minute when the meteor appeared; also lcind of time used.

(4) ln what direction did it appear (or in what direction was It first seen)? This Is not asking in what
direction It was going 1

(5) ln what direction did It disappear (or in what direction was It last seen)? For questions 4 and 5,
simply N, E, s, or W is not accurate enough, unless these were the exact directions. It compass
is used, state it; also if magnetic correction has been applied to compass reading.

(6) At what height did it appear? (Use degrees ln answering.)

(7) At what height did it disappear? (Use dt!grees in answering.)

(8) Did it pass directly overhead (i.e., through the zenith)?

(9) It not, to which side of the zenith did It go, and how far from it? (Use degrees in answering.)

(1 0) Did it appear to reach the horizon? What sort of a horizon have you?

(11) What angle did the path of the meteor make with the horizon and in which direction was It then
going?

(12) It you are familiar with constellations describe the path of the meteor through the sky with
reference to stars.

(13) Did the meteor appear to explode?

(14) What was the duration of its night in seconds?

(15) Desc!"ibe the train if one was left. It it lasted long enough to show drift, most carefully tell in
what direction train drifted. Give sketch, if possible, showing thiS with regard to horizon.

(16) What was the duration of the train in seconds?

(17) Did you hear any sound? How long after seeing the meteor was It before you heard tills
sound?

Did you hear an actual explosion? How long after seeing the explosion was It before you heard It?
' (18) Of what color was the meteor?

(19) What was the size of th~ meteor? (Compare it with the Moon or with a pl:met or star.)
•
(20) Was more than one body seen before the explosion (if any)?

(21) What was condition of Sk"J at time?

(22) Give names and addresses of others who saw the meteor.

(23) Please m:1il this reply to

Charles P. Oliver
AMERICAN METEOR SOCIETY
521 N. Wynnewood Ave
Narberth, Pennsylvania 19072
'·---- \ ••
NMCC
THE NATIONAL MIUTARY-CQMMAND CENTER
· WASHINGTON. D.C.. 20301
I

TH!;; .JOINT STA_,. 29 October 1975

0605 'EST,

HEl-IOR.'l\.NDUr:1 FOR RECORD

Subject: AFB Penetration

1. At 290200 EST AFOC informed IDlCC that an unidentified

helicopter, possibly two, had been sighted 'flying low over
. AFB ~ine, in proximity
. Loring . . .
to. a l·~eapons storage area.
2. An Army National Guard· helo was ·called in to iLssist in
locating the unidentified helo (s).

3 •. NORAD ·was informed of! the incident by SAC, requested and

reci.e:ved'authority_from Canadian of.fic;:ials to proceed into
Can-adian airspace if necessary to locate the intruder.

4. At 0404 SAC Command Center inf9;rmed Ni·ICC that the arcy helo
assisting on the scene had not sighted the unidentified helo(s).

5. A similar incident was reported at Loring the evening of

28 October 1975 •

dCw:...<-~~~--,
C. D. !'.OBERTS, JR.
Brigadier General, USNC
Peputi Director for
Operations (NMCC)

Distribution:
CJCS (5) CSA PA REP
DJS (3) CNO. WEST HEl-1 DESK
• J-30 CSAF NWSB
J-31 . CMC NMCC BRIEFER
J-32 CH, \•1WMCCS OPS. & EVAL D!V
J-32A DDO (NMCC)
J-33 ADDO (NHCC)
J-34 eeoc (NMccJ
J-35 DIA REP FOR NHIC
J-38 NSA REP
CIA REP
 DOC ti?D;.. T:S

~~~ .~:- .:.;.:~<:c::-:5.Ti,:.:.~ly 2SC2C 0 ~ST Oct 7~., .::..~o:: =--elayeC a repo=t froiii
1

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-·
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. - to a \o,!~?.ncns
. storaoe -
-¥e~
;.:._
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~--~-o~s
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).-.zj;;y ~:atior1aj
i".:"J GuarC hclic~?ter v:ere: u~succc::s!::iul. Sightinc,;s a:
~:.,e 1.:..:-.i~c:-:t.i:ie:::: helicop-:.e:= {s) v.~cre lir:,ited to security 9'Uards. 1-.
~i~ila± inci6e:~~with a sin~le heliccpter occurred during ~he ea~lv
morning of 28 Oct 75. Permission has been g~anted by Cenatian -
a~thc~ities to give pursuit into Canadian airspace if s~bsequent
contact is effecteo by u.s. helicopters. ·

·'
 ==
!::.=
r.=
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e
~

~
::?:..:.::·

E~F.:::

;~S OF 291300 EST OCT 75 ~Wih

tt=:fu

r=
(/J ;.4t apprc:-:i. luately
. 29010(1 EST Oct 75, one unidenti:ieC. heli-
f:T:~~-,
::::::·
CC?"ter v:as sigh.ted 300 to 500 meters from the v;ea?ons storage
areo. at Loring 1-.I'B, Ha.ine.· The helicopter v7as at an altitude :=
of 150 feet and penetrated Loring ~.I'E. An attempt to contact ~
E:
and identify the intruding helicopter ~as made by an Army f:=
t~~
National Guard helo, and was unsuccessful. At 290300 EST the r.~::-:

helicop~er was sighted over the weapons storage area and the g:
~.·:.·.·.·.
Arwy ·J.:ational Guard helicopter again responded to make contact
bt;.t ,,•as unsuccesful. Loring has coordinated with the Maine
State Police and the Royal Canadian l'lounted Police and plans to

i
p'.lrsue into Canada, if necessa:::-y •. if there is a reocc=rence.
{SOURC:S: .::2 Bv1 OP LORING AFB 29ll40Z OCT 75).)

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AS 0? 292200 :::sT OC': 75
~~~~
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a:-?- : 290100 £ST Oct 75, one unidentified helico~te~
·.:as sis!<ted 300 to 500 meters f~o::: the 'vJeapc:-:s stc:::age a~ea at h~~~
:_.o::- ing ;...:E, ~:aine. The helico;:.te!.· was at an altitude of 150 feet
and penet:·ated Lo:::ing AFB. Jm attempt to contact and identify the ::=
~~
intruding helicopter was made by a:::1 ;..rl:!y National Guard helo, and
r=::=
...-as unsuccessful. At 290300 EST the helicopter was sighted over e:=
the ;,•eapons storage area and the Army National Guard helicopter r:.::-.:.:

~
again responded to make contact but \vas unsuccessful. The CSAF
(Ops Div) has ~equested that the Army NG helo be provided until
300800 EST under the following conditions: To track and identify
the int~udar; no apprehension to take place; the Canadian Border
·..,·oulc not be crossed; and civilian police on board \dll be for ;:.:::.:..::
co~~o with ground units only. The ~equest is unde::: conside~aticn
by l·lG Snifin, DA Directo~ of Operations, DCSOPS. Col Bailey, ~~il ~if€¥
r::::-.
1~ to Special Asst to SECDJ:!" /I::EPSECDEF has bee:-: ach·ised of tJ-.e e'=o
F--~
s. .:ticn shculc Do::l <!p:provul be recr•.:il·ed. The Stat:e De~artnent
:an~dia~ Desk O~ficcr has been ke?t info=med. (SOURCE: ~2 EW CP
LORIJ;G A?B 29ll~OZ OCT 75; SAC C? O?S CO~TROL 29l95~Z OCT 75)
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 DDO UPDATE AS OF 300600 EST OCT

•
(•I At aooroxirnatelv 290100 EST oc~ ~75 .• ~·&· ' h
, an un1cen-1.1eo l' ~
.e-Jc~p~er
was sighi~c at an altitude of 150 feet at approximately 300 to 500
r.,e.te!"s f~o:n a ;·:aa:;:on$ storage 2.1·ea at Loring h.FB, HE. h.t 290300 EST
o::t 75, the -~nicJentified helico;::te-r ·v:c!s sighted over the_viea?o:-:s
s-torage c.:·ea. In both instances, an P.!T.iy National GuarC (1~G) heli-
cop~er res!)O!""z~cC, but. v:as unab] e to contact or identify the i.:-t~rudei.
!·1G Sniffir.., DA Di!·ector for 0?5, DCSO?S, approved the f8llo:·:.i::;
procec;;J:es for any similar incident effectiv~ until 300500 EST
Oct 75:
- NG helicopter and crew placed in "full time training duty"
(FT7D) .

NG helicopter maj enter Canadian airspace "'ith consent of

Canadian authorities.

- NG helicopter emplo)~ent liffiited to tracking and identification.

- O;,ly :.; . S. mili ta:-y person:1el and if considered necessary
rep:re_scnt.a~ives £rorr. the !=':SI, FJ.l._!:._, and Eorder Patrol \·.:ill ~e
errJ:,a:r·:.~ed in the NG helicopte=.
;;:·:·:Y:
(SOU~CE: 42 B\' CP LOR!NG A:B 291HOZ OCT 75; PHO!~CON DDO/I:·~TE~S'!ED
ACTIVITIES). t~:~~
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.~ J'NO ~OMB WJ~G LORING Al~ FO~CE BASE, NAih! •

. ~~ 2S~~r,C2 A slr.H7!NG ~AS HAOE OF A ~E~::o~!E~ ~~ ;~E S&~!
/~~S~iiO~ AS T~E SIG~iiNb ~AST NIGHT.
~t'_-_: ·:~EFl OPR~P-~ PtNNACLE JJ20JJ' VISUA~ CO~T4CT ~A5 "AC~ JJ1 ~C
M~T!RS FRr~ T~E WEAPONS STORAGE AREA AT Ah AL:l!~DE Of !~7F~.
~-- :.7 ~~~1517 AIR GuARD HE"LlCCPTfg - -
:;'§~71, WAS LAUNcHED euT ,.ACE ,II:EGATIVE VIS~AL LO'-TAr;T. '!,.~ "'£~ ...-,.__,
;:~5 VISUALLY SIGHTED BY CSC AT 29~B22Z OVtR Tnf ~~!PC~S !'!CiA;!
• iW~ LCC:AL Gt•&RD HELICOPTER MAS AlRBCRN AT 29B~3!Z ~UT AG~l- "£Ck

\
'

.. : ..... :.. : .. : ... · .

 JOINT CHilfS Of STAff
'
IIUSA.CE CENTER --+=. .
···-
~~I ·-------·

I ~CI tO~TACTe T.. E UNKNO~~::~:~:~CiiAFTl DI~· NOT DISFI.AY. LI,GHUHG.

?.'===
C'OU»D PERSn~~EL WERE A1LE TO DIRECT THE AIR ~UARD HELXCCPTER TD ~=
f.§!f~·
N%T"lN tCPiFT OF THE UNKNOWN AtRCRAFT, WITH BUTH HELICO?TERS I~
C!~~T. nu~ •I~UAL ACDU!3!T!ON ~i{
=..:.=:.·
~l~ ~C7 ~JD!. Ou~lN~ 7HI~ 'Z~!OD A KC•13~ ~~5 C~31TING Al 5JJ~'1 §~~
~~~ TO ~!D t~ !~2;lTl~IClTION A~D TO ACT AS RA~lU R£LAY.
AT ~S~~~~L ALL CONTACT nAS LOST •
.' %T I!l r,t;.:l C;>:rr~!:l~J THAT THE Ut'l;tNOnN HELICOPTER HAS DEiiO:iSTAATED
A t~fA~ lhTr~T'tN T~E nEAPONS sTO~AGE AREA, I~ SMART AND A HOST
t:P~DL~ AviatcR. - .
~~=~L ~~CuRITY HAS BEEN lMCREAsEO. WE ANTlClPAT~ FURTHER INCIDE~
~!!t~C%h~LT, ~E· ~ILL
REQUEST THE CONTINUED P"~SENCE CF AlA GUARD
M!L!tC~T~Aa~ . . .
t ! PLA~·JO PURSU! INTO tAhADA If NECESSARY. .
· ::t t4l!.Vr! teC~aiNn!O NIT .. ~.UN! STATE POLICE A~D THE ROYAL .CAHADl
i . n~U~T~O PtLJC!.AND HAVE BEEN ASSURED Of ThE ·c~M~LETE tCDPERATlD~
i e1 a~7;~. · · · ··
~~C.P.?. wlLL RrsPCND TO ANY LANDING SITE IN ~ANADlAN TERRITORY.
t;::C~~ S~t\)I~JTY PQLltE A80ARD AIR GUARD HELlCC~H.R HAVE 'ei~N' .: ·
. :. : Ci':!~tO 70 U!J! OIStRETIOtt AND AWAIT • ·' _ :. ':.- .•: -·.f.: ·
• _::: 1-'r;c·~f.I.St~' ARPIVAL PQR ANY. APPREHENSION IN tANA'!l"N /fERRITDAf~~-:: :-
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 L
THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER .,.
,_ . ~
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20301 GIL
_:. . : . S§

30 October 1975 . ~.-:-..

0445 EST

=====·
~::.
HE!10RANDUM FOR RECORD :.-....::~~-=
§z.;:
;;:~:_:

Subject: Army National Guard Helicopter Support for' . ~-=::::

Loring AFB
~!
:;;iif~
1. At 292035 EST Oct 75, LTC Dyer, Office of the Director ~:::
of Operations, USAF, requested that the Army National Guard :=~i.
(NG) helicopter and C:J:'ew currently located at Loring AFB,
Maine, be made available to the Commander of the 42nd Bomb 6
Wing until 300800 EST Oct 75. The NG helicopter would be ~
r:=-
employed to .track and identify the unidentified helicopter ~;
=::
that has violated the airspace inthe vicinitr of the. weapons =!
==::
stor~ge area at Loring ~B du:ing thef early JDOrning hours §§:~j
·of 28 and 29 Oct 75. . LTC Dyer stated that. international €::".:
borders would _not be\crossed, and· that apprehensions would ~~
§§:":
not be attempted by personnel embarked in the NG helicopter.
Any civil police on board the aircraft ~~uld participate
only to·the extent of communicating with appropriate police
· ti·.
officials on the ground, Hith the latter singularly responsible
J:.o.r the app.rehtms.ion of the suspect aircraft ·or crew. !~~:
2. This request \-las relayed to .HG Sniffin, DA Director of
Operati=s, DCSOPS, at 292100 EST. NG Snif'fin indicated .
his intent to check with Army legal' officials on t9e ~tter
prior.to making a decision. · ·
3. The SAC Command Post was informed at 292050 EST of the
request by LTC Dyer, and the fact that MG Sniffin was
checking ;:ith Army legal authorities. Col Freeman, AI'
Operations Center, \.;as· also informed of the status.
4. Col Bailey, Mil Asst to the Special Asst to SECDEF/
DEPSECDEF, has been advised of the helicopter request should
DOD approval be required.
5. The State Department Canadian Desk Officer has been
kept informed of the situation •
•
6. At 292230 EST MG Sniffin approved use of the helicopter
\·lith the follo1.ring cons train ts:
a. Trafking and.i~entification only.
b. App~ehension by U.S. personnel not authorized.
c. No crossing of international borders.
 •.1 ,
..
d. Only u.s. personnel, preferably military, but including
FBI, FAA, and Border Patrol representatives if necessary,
will be on board the NG helicopter.
7. HG Sni£fin \vill initiate appropria~e action to pla~e the
.Army NC helicopter and era·,.; on "Full Time Training Du-ty''
(FTTD) . In essence, the NG helicopter will be federalized.
8. OSD, through Col Bailey, has been advised of the approval
and constraints in this situation and has stated OSD has no
objections to the action.
9. At 292249 EST the DDO (NMCC) established a conference call
with SAC (MG Burkhart), AFOC, AOC, and Co!IIIQander .42nd Bomb
l'i'ing, Loring· AFB informing them of the approval to use the Army
NG helicopter with the constraints listed in para 6 above.
Commander 42nd Bomb Wing stated. that there was no utility in
using· the helicopter if it couldn't cross the border. Air
Force representative LTC Dyer was brought into the conference
and stated that AF had no objection to the border crossing.
At 292300 EST the DDO. (NMCC) informed MG Sniffin of the border·
I • • \. . •
crossJ.ng J.ssue.
I . '
10. At 292325 EST MG Sniffin informed the DDO (NMCC) that ~·.. :.
approval was granted ·for the NG helicopter to cross the bo:der
with the·consent of Canadian authorities. The DDO {NMCC)
assured MG Sniffin that the Canadians were cooperating and
~..o
h- - C 4,. ....,_.:1 g.;··~n
~1-a-~·· - •- ~- ----- .a.'--
...,_,..._.. co-.,-.:a.-.~
._\J &..J..&.C:: ""o-~--
'-~\,.1,:::..;::,
1..1 .1,.\.LC.L.,

·11. At 292334 EST another conference call was convened by

the DDO ("t-."'MCC) with the above conferees, (para 9) infoz:ming
them of the autho:i ty to cross t..'le border if necess"ary. There
\-7ere no further questi.ons anci. all. conferees were satisi.fied
with the procedures establi.shed for the employment of the NG
helicopter.

C. D. ROBERTS, JR. '

Brig-adier General, USHC
• Deputy Director for
Operations (NMCC)
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r::::LICOPTE2 SIG;;TED AT LO:::<P<G """~

<ll At 3!2317 EST Oct, a visual sighting of an unidentified

\·:.::s reporte~ 4 nautical rr,iles northv.'est o.f.. Loring JtFB, 1-~aine. The -~~£Hi:
o~ject ~~~
aler~ helo at Lo:.·ing \·:as launche~ t.o iC.anti::y the o=:,ject b~'t ~as ff~l
unable to" i:.al:e contact. The alert helo \·;as launched again at OlOl.;o ··-····
::::sT No·,• in response to a slow mo·,•i."lg target picked up by R.;?CON. ~~
This sor.tie \'as· also unable to make contact Hith the o~ject. (SO"jRCE:\~~
42D Bi·l Oi0825Z NOV 75) ~:;:
l-"=
(U) A copy of.messages received regarding unidentified aireraft ~+.-§
g-;·££~.
flying ir. the vicinity of air bases \o!ill be forwarded to the
Hilitary Assistant" to the SECDEF. (SOURCE: MIL..'!\.SST TO SECDEF). ~~-

i~:.
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 N M C C ...
THE NATIONAL MIUTARY COMMAND CENTER
WASHINc.TON. D.C. ZIDOI
--
. ··: . . _, ..

I
TH£JOtNT ST'AJI'fl"

.HE.HORANDUH FOR RECORD

31 October 1.975
0451 EST
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.

o::::..::::
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Subject: Low Flying Aircraft/Helicopter Sightings at E.:":.:.
Wurtsm.i.th AFB, l-1I. ~~~-:-~

1. The SAC Command Post no.tilied .the :t-.~1CC of reJ?.Orted low

~\
===·
=
flying aircraft/helicopter sightings at t~urtsmith AFB, =-.:.

Michigan at 302342 EST.

2.· The attached OPREP-3s ;1ive .a sw:anary of the reported

.. si.ghtings •
.·.

Brigadier General, USAF

Deputy Director for
Operations (NMCC)

Attachments
a/s

Distribution:
J-30
J-31
"DDO{NMCC)
ADDO{NMCC)
CCOC{NMCC)
WHE!1 DESK (Nt-1CC)

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 ( Url\i:J'-J Ktt"UKI ~ - --.....,-.-
LOG ~UP #__1_-G
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_,,r-.lT"...
c." =-· o;;TEIT li-iE Of EVEiiT.:
•• 0

1enti.f.i.ed Heli-copter Intrusion 30/2255E O:t 1975 J

L-. .TION: Tlf'IE REPORTED TO AFOC:
-·
t·:urt:.sr.ii th ME, MJ:
----------------------------~--------~------~
30/2327E Oct 1975 {
Sl'.C (Lt Col:...Gioi:da.no) reports that an unidentified helicopter
'1-~i,th no lights cai:te up over the back gate of l·:urtsmii:h and
hovered over the l·1eapons Storage Area and then moved on.·
---P~~ncoN had it painted for a. short period. A tanker at 2700 feet
had v.i.sual and skin paint out over Lake. Euron for about 20 mi.les
heading SE. Tanker reports he thi.Dks he sa,.,. a second sl:.in"paint.
The tanker lost all contact about 35 cilas SE of th~ base over
the la.l.;e. Tanker is still fly.i.ng t:J:ying to locate by means of ..
telephonic search '1-Ti th F.J!..A and RAP CON. Increased. secur.i.ty
·initiated at t~urtsmth. •
31/0030E Updat!f: Lt Col Gi9rdano (SAC
Senior "contt-oller) updcites
and corrects the above .info=ation as follooo;.rs: .il.n unidentif.i.ed
lo<r flying aircraft came up over the back gate of tiurtsmith and·
\-:as visually sighted in the vicinity of the motor pool. "P..Ai>CON
showed several aircraft at the time, one near the l"1SJI. (t.'"Iere was • ·
no hover.i.ng as previously reported) • A· tanker \-Tas dispatched. and.
had visual and. skL~ paint out over Lake'Huron of a low flying
;.rcraft (with lights. on) head.i.n"g SE at a·ppro:r.imately 150 knots.
nker repo=ts that :he aircraft ap?eared to be jo.i.ned by ano~
uJ.rcraft (\"rith .its lights on also) •· Tanker reports that both .
a.i.rcraft then turned out their lights sinultaneo~sly, as if on
signal. Tanker lost all contact appro.r.ir.tately 35 N!-I SE of the
base. Upon infor.nation that the .Dept of ~"iatural Resources sends"
out a.i.rcraft searching for hunters spotting dear, the Dept of
!<atural Resources \·ra7 contacted; bO\"l~''er~ tr.ey r.aintaJ.n none of
were ~n tha area at the t~me.
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AC TI C"l : Nb NE -O·C•
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T:J "?U IJ II R tiC:SHIJ z=6S

!? \..J 1.H! t! ZNZl

3! CSt:~Z C'CT 75
S7.::e·; C 0 l.'U:=!TS-!ITH Wr /JJCDoS
.: 7[•·:/S.:.C :P~F'O;:?CE ST:.T_US
:•:ts~c C"' LOGIST:::cs
:•:t E::F' C? F":l<lC~ STl. TUS
:.,':/..e.:. F' ·C 0 L OGIS II CS
J EF 1-;C A/CS AF
J!::'Xl.AA/USAF F\10 O?S OIV FT qrTCHI~·y,o
•
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.•:CL l.SS'::i"'!EO JO? P.E~> J!F'F Y OC'E5/!='r031;Q/·:;:"~-:tc?:;~-~ 9~UNE flS- CZ 1-0l
i 'J3'15Z CSC AO'JISED Cr>'Ti-!AT THE SECu=n:TY GU~O AT 8AcX' GATE
"CIT TE :l :.•: U NI DE :-.'T. IF' IE 0 t.! "'C Rl FT. F' L V:H!G LC:: OV E~ THE SASE AT
::>=>=>QX O:!ZOZ ~ !~rTtt.L ~EPC::t T T:l C? S~ !0 iHAT t.!=lC::?AfT \/AS AlSO
~S!::RVEC !N THE '..'!C:IN!TY 0~"· :!.'SA HC~EVER• Ll.TEQ RE"O~TS SAID Tf+t.T
.r~::~AFT C3SE:?\'E!:: !'!t.Y HA'I:: '3~N A KC-135 IN !HE LOCAL ~AFFIC
•:.TTE.'=!!'I. AT 033CZ .KC-135 SA!D TI-'.AT THEY ·HAO SKIN "AINTED ON
1.!!:'.:2 '!'- A!~C:?AFT. S ·112 MIU:S NE OF SASE 3U'l" !:C!JL~ ~OT S"OT.
~'lE r.tR::=?!F-:" VISUALLY. AT A~l?OX 035!::Z THE KC-135 "ICKEO U? THE
J~IQE~H:=-!EO l.TRCY.t.FT NE OF 'TriE. a:.SE AT A.<>Pl?OX !!!!0/21 ON l. V:SUAL
~A':lE: 02 o::tUCS!-I!J 2058 UrJCLA$1 ,
;rr ·-:;~:'3~ Y.C-135 SAID HE s:. W i:IO :.:P.CIU.l'J IN A T!H!t FQ.Rl-IATJO~·
GO. -A~;:!:?OX rs:::; Kit.S HE:ADI::G SOl!!'H. J<C-135 SAID HE LOST Co::rt.CT
~•"IT'-! T!-lS ~C;!~AT!C~J AT 01;13? ;.'!TH THS 'Ut.~·:~NTIF'!EO F'Oil~:.T!ON CN
I<OSC 1!5/35 Y.C-135 T~!.CV.Ell Tl-1:: !.IRCR!.F'T SOUTH TC·THE ~ICH.
T!-!E:
ARE A A~O 31. C'< N.OR TH T' C THE BASE A~ A A !\'!J~3 ~~ C f iii-TE s.
T!-'!J"! 3. ·
E:.cH TIME TH!: Y.C-1'35 LCST V!SJAL S!G).IT!ING. KC -1 35 l t.'l OE·o YH EN
FU~L .:.oqoA~EO OI MI~IMU~. !:\VES'T!GAiiCNS W ~ P.O G;'l ES S• REP C:? TS
..
70
.,
"'.
FCLLC~ ;.s INFO IS OBTAINED

0 T C:IJ ZY U\1 ::! UC SH IJ ZC 68 3 Qt; 06 llS 0 03 4- UU UU

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 -··
DDO U?DATE

~5 0? 310508 ES~ OC7 1~75

(l.i) T}·Jc SAC Senior Cont:.-ollcr notified tte i"J~·!CC at 302342 EE'T
of 'J.!!iGen-:ifieO lc·~·:-fl\·ina
1·=-u=t~:-:lit.h ..L..F:S, NI.
- .. aircra::t/helicoote:-
- ~ig!'-.tincs at
..
One aircra::t \,,as visually sighted :..n the
vic:.r.:.-:y c-f -:.be moto= pool. RJ..PCQ!\ sho·NeC s~veral o:,je::ts en
ra~ar at the sa~e time. A tan}:er was dis?~tched to ~he ~rea in~
c!:'lta.i:-JeC b;:;th visual and raCar skin paint of t'.-:O aircraft. Beth
airc=aft had lights on initially b~t appeared to turn them off
sir~ultaneously. (SOl:.;RCE: O?RE?-3 302327 OCT 75)

~!~'
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::::::
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 DDO U?DATE

UFO S!G?:':'ING ...

(U) From 080253 EST Nov 75 to 080420 EST Nov 75, Halmstro~ J...FB ~:T
and four SAC sites reported a series of visual ~~d radar contac~s
¥:it.~ 'i:1iCen'tifieC flyi:1g objects. Several reports from the same
locc~~c~s inclcded jet engi~e soun~s associateC ~i~~ the c~se~ved
bright ),ights. Two interce?tors scrambled frorn 24th NORAD Region
failed to make contact wi~h the UFO's.

(U) The UFO sightings occurred on an ·extremely clear night. Visibili

was 45 miles.· Although northern lights will cause phenomena si~ilar
to ~,e received reports, weather services indicated no possibility
of northern lights during the period in question. (SOURCE: NMCC
~..FR OBOGOO EST NOV 75 .

•
 DDO UPD_<_ '!'E

AS OF 032200 ES7 NOV 75

-·---
NORTE D.!:.KO':'A

(U) At 03~115 EST a penetration of the flight line at Grand Forks ~~B
by unkno;.•!'l persons was reported by .h..FOC. At least two RC-135 aircraft
were hit by small arms ~~re. Security forces with dogs are tracking
the unkno\m attackers. (SOURCE: AFOC)

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AS OF 051400 EST ~OV 75

-.
UFO SIG::':"ING

(U) Unkno1m sightings \"icinity ~~alwst:::-:l:::l AFB, NT (See HFR).

1. follo;.·-u:l •:i th NOR.:..O at 09 04 30 EST -:::-rovidcd no ilddi tional
'nform~·.;o'n (LTC': c;.,.;t-r.- .; ... ~.; ... .., ........ ~ l-,.::.. c,....,.-.: . .-... .:-- _;.-.~=-.·e.::~ ~n
..... - 0~.... • ... -···---· - · · - - - - - - - ..... _...,;
phoneson 1-1ith DDO OT ~4 on 8 November 1975).
-'··--··-···'=' --- --- -

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 REPORT OF AIR FORCE RESEARCH
F.EGA.RDlNG 'l'HE
"ROSWEI.J. INCIDENT'

~~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jw•y•i•99•4
. . .. .
 REPORT OF A.lR. FORO: RESEARCH REGARDING
THE "ROSWELL .INCIDENT"

EXEC"~..."'!1'V'E Sl;''MMARY

The "Rosweii Inciticm" rc:n to an evcm til3t ~oseciiv ~==in July, 1947. wi1r:n:m
:he Army Air Fore= 1AAF1 all~~ pmajns of a cr.ssilcd "flying ciisc:" near
Rosweil.. New M=U:c. In February, 1994. the Gene:W Accounring Office iGAO), aamg
.1n tile request of a New Mexico CongxH'!ild" jnjrjn=i an autiit to atU:m!'t to io=e
reccrtis of suciz an mriticm ana to cict=minc ifrecwtis tegAXWng it were pmpeiy hanzjled
AlthcU¥A the GAO effim was to look at a mmmer oi govenzmem: qma tile &p!Jiitm
focus was on the Air Force. SluI AAZ • as lhc Cemrai Poinr of Coma a ior the GAO in
this matter. jnlriarM a systemaac: searcil of cum:m Air Force offices as wei! as nutneraaa
a.rc:mves am2 reccrtis ccmes tilat mi~ heiu ~iain tilis mmer. Reseucil moeaiee that
the "Rosweil Inoaem·· was not even c:onsUien:C a u"FO event umii the 1978-1980 time
::::.mte. Prior to tna1. the incilient was riismi•seci because the AM oriszinailv idcmiiied the
:eons r=ver= as oeuu; tnat or· a weamer oalloon. SIJbsdlUemiv. various autilon wrote
a numocr oi boca ciaimin~ tr.at. not oruy vras tieilris from an aiien spacec-o..It rc:overei,
but ai.so tne bociies or· the c:rait" s aiicn oc=am.s. These c:Wms continue to evoive tociay
.~ci U:: -~Fore: :snow rouuneiv acc:useti of cn~g in a ··cover-uo" of this suppoSdi
event.

The rese:n:il iocateti no reccrtis at existing Air Fore: offices til3t imiic:ateti any ·'caver-
uo" by the USAF or my indicmon of sw:i1 a recovery. Co~, e:Ions were
uuensuied by Air Force resan:ilen at numerous locancns where n:ccrtis for the period in
question were storeti. The reeortis rmewea did not n:vea1 any incr=se in opemions.
securnv.. or anv
' . such nnusnai event mav
. other activitv. in Julv. ' 1947 ' thai inriic:arcli anv .
h.J.ve occum:ci.. Reccrtis w~ iocneti a.nQ tllorcu!!hly exuioreti concening a then-TOP
S~CR.ET ~JJ.loon ;JroJcct.. :;.signC: ::: ::::::::! !~ momtcr 5 ·Jviet nuci=r tcm.. known as
P.. o)ect ~ogw..-\dditionaiiv. severa.i survtv:ng proJect tlcrsoMei were iocatea .ana
mtemcweti.. as was the oniy swviving persc:n wile reccvcre.:i riebris from the onginai
Rosweii site in 1947. anti the former officer who initiallv. iciemi:tiee the wreciw!e - as a
blilloon. CotmmlSOn of all infomw:ion devetotleti or oinaineti indicated tll31 tile mneriai
rt'COVcrcO near Roswell was ccnmvcm with a bailoon cievi~: a.nQ most likely from one ai
tl.e Mogui balloons that iwi not been prmClUSiy n:cavercO. Air Fore: raearc:i1 t:ffilus did
not Disclose any recut tis of the r=overv of any "alien" bodies or ~ mnaiais.
•
INTRODUCTION

Air Force invoivemem in the ailegeti UFO-reiateti incicient popuiarly known as the
"Ros-,..cll !:.ci::m" b~ as the result ofa Jamury 14. 1994, Washjngtpn Post aniclc
(Atch 1) which announc:eti Con~ Steven Sc:bifi" s inu:m to mitialc a Ger.::!
.-\ceeuming Office 1GAO) eifort to resoive this ccmroversiai maner. Having previousiy
been mvoiveci in numerous Freetiom oflnformanon Act fFOIA) anci Congress;ona.i
 :-=nlCStS en ··umrstzr ar.rc:rm.·' :: mc.tuac i.intnemmca &l'fllli!- """'""~- ~ -- -
:Jircctor• .5e:mnv arui Scccai Program 0VC'SI¥tJt. Offic: ci tile ~eac::u v c; :.:::.oW-
ron::.. !SAF/AAZ) bciieyea tile .1\lr Force wouici ceccmc UlVOIVcQ in anv u. :.o enort
invaiviD¥ tbis suiljca.

..
Thus. m ia1c jamwv 1994. SAFIAAZ d.ircac:i its r=cm:ilrciccinsific:u%on tc:m.
SAF/AAZD. Ul an~ to locale any oiiic:iai recuuu rciaz:ive tc tiUs mmer. These inmaL
re:searci1 cifcns ti:lcuscci on I eccnis at tile Air Force rnstoncai .R.cscan:i:t Agcucy
(AFHRAt .Maxweii AFlt AI- the Air Force Safety Agcm:y\AFSAl atKirtlanci AFB.
~ ami the Narinnai Arcillvcs arui Rccortis A.cimizzima:l:icm tNARAt

On Fcbnwy 15. 1994. the GAO offiriaiiy ncnizi=i Seaew roiDefeme William j_ Pcny
that. 1t was ~ an awiit oi the D~anmcm ofDefrnsc tDoD) poiicics arui ·
proc:cciurcs ior ~;. ciassiMn;, rminins~. and dinlo• of offiriai govemmcm
docu=ns cicaiing with weuhcr balloon. ain::rm. anti simjjar crui1 inriricms tAtch 2).
This notilla:ion was suilseaucmiv passcci to tile DCI:Illnml:m of Defense inslleacr Gcncrai
.,no ir rum o:ffiriallv notiiicci the Secrcwtes of the Servic:s anti other 3lfcct= cam:s oi
:::e !UIJlt :.oo: a fcimwv 23. 1994. m:mo 1Atcn 3). This mcmotanlium mciicuea that the
"'GAO 1s an:aous to rc:ponci to Reorcscmmvc Sdilifs reaucst arui to r:tisoet anv concerns
:nat tne DoD is being unresDOIISIVC... These were tile iim omcW us Government
:Joc::umcnu tlw. inciicazca tlw the purpose oi the GAO was to review "c:':Wl incicicms
lilVOMng weuhcr balloons anti unialown aircr:ui. sucn as t.l'FOs anti forct¥%1 aira:ui. ami
(2.) the i=s liMiiving tile rcporteci a.uD oi .an u"'FO in 1949 (sic. 1947) at .Roswell. New
Mcx:o .. (ami .ani allcgeli DoD cover-up."

.Jo.n c:mrmce m~ oi pctcmiailv conccmcci parties was hc!d in the omces oi the DoD
Inso:acr •3cnera.i on. Fe!mwv 28. 1994. During this mcctiD¥ it was ieamcci that. v. i1iie
:ne auciit cmri:iliv would be m'lc:wtng tile reeortis of a numiler of DoD (ana cossiilly
otner E:t!:'.'Utive Brancn entities·!. the iluik of the cifcn would be focvscci on Air Fen;:
. =::or:s :.:.:: s-.~=-.s. The suciit was omri.ailv given the GAO cocie iJ1034. ant1 entitled
·?-=ros M~cmcm Pmccaurcs Dcaiing With Wea.mer .13allocn. C:U.Jlo;:.o: :\...':=:...-':..
-~ Simiiar Crzsn Inririems. ·· .-\lthougn this oiiic:iai titie app=reli r.ttiler broad. tiler: wu
no nusunci:rsumiing that tne rcai purpose was 10 anmi;rt to iocaie reeortis ami/or
lniorm:wcn on tile "Roswcil Incicicm." This incident. c:a~iaizl=i lai:r in more detail.
gc=raiiy cicait with the ciaim that m July oi 1947, the US Array Air forces IUSA.Af)
recuvcrcci 1 flying saucer a:tci /or its aiicn ocmpams witich ~cciiv c:r.ISDcci near
Roswell. New Mc:xicc. When tile. USAAF uJrjmueiy be we tile UtliteC Stms Air rot=
(USAF) in Sc;nemi:!er. 1947. the USAF inileritcQ equipmcm..pesom.ci. rccortis.. policies.
•
ami proccciun:s irom tile AAF. In this -particuiar cw:. the Air Force :slso ini1critcci the
a Began on that it had ~cover= uc .• the "Rosweil lnricient" ami has crmrimtcs;i to do so far
:he next 47 years.

\Vithin the Air Force. the Office oi the A~::: .""n"W!t to the Seac::uv of the Air
Force t SA:F/AA) is rcst~onsiilie botb for lnformaaon ma.naacmcm proccrimes tSA:F/AAI)
:mci secumy poiicv anci ovcrsigrit (SAF!AAZl. Because oftilis o~nizmon. S.J\f/AA Was

2
 :ne IO!pc::U enmv tO assm me GAO in ItS auait ana S..:..Fi.A..AZ 'W'liS omci:.iiv namea as till:
Cemrzl ?oim of Co~ :or tilU e:lacavor t Atl:ll 4 ) .. S~seauemiv. tile men·
Admi:nistrmve .A ssisram Mr. Robert i. ~icCornucX.. issu=i a wmg mc:mtmmaum tialcti ·
~ i. ! 994 ( Alc:h :). to a numiler of c-.::rrc:: Air Staff ami Sea=riat om:::s tiiat
migin possiiliy have rcccnis rmwi to sucn an inciticn U: iruie=i. somcrmng had •c:naiiy
oc:currea.. This searcn for r=cnis was p~oseiv iimitcci to Air Fort:e recortis ana symms
smcc:
(a) The Air For= bali no amilomy to conmei oW:r agencies to review their m:on:is;
(b) The Air For= wouid have no wav to monitor tile compicrcness of their ciims if they
did; anti
(c) the ovcnll effort was tile~ anti responsiililicy of the GAO-not tile ,A,jrforce.

During tile in-Orie:ful¥ process with GAO. it was 1eun=i th3t this awiit was.. iru:i=i.
genemeli at the s~ecmc n:auest ofCongxessmm Steven SchiifofNew Mexico. E:uiicr.
Con~ .Sc:hiffhati written to tile De::anmem ofDefense i.egisiative Lilison Office
for iniormmon on the "Rosweil Inc:Uient" anci .iwi been a.Qvis=i th3t it was Dart of the
:·armcr ~"FO "ProJect BluebooK·· tl-.z nan ~ousiv been tUn1Cti over to NARA bv the
--~ fo~ce. Conlpe•man Schiif subseauenuv ie:mteti from NARA that. altilougn thev ciid.
:nciee:i. iuve tile "BluebooK·· :natemis. tile "Rosweillncilicnt" was not Dart of that renort.
Congmsmm .Schifi: :1pparemiv percemng that he had b=n ··stonewalled" bv the DoD.
then generated. the r~est for the axoremennonea auciit.

lt is v.itilin this Ccmext tfl3t the io!lowing research anQ assistance dfortS were conrinacri
in support of the GAO. This recort is intencicd to sana as the final offic:iai Air Force
ri:S1'onse ~g tilU mane:-.

THE ""?..OS'WEU.DICIDENi-'.VHA.TWAS IJRIGINALLYP..EPOR!E IN 1947

The mociern or:occu::auon wnh wnat Ultim:nclv :J.:ne to ce calie:.! L:nicie::U.::::i .:=::.-:::;
Ob.iw.:.ll.lFOs) aau.a.ilv be;an m june. 1947. ,.;..;hougn some pr J·UFO researchers argue
that Slgntill¥$ ofUFOs go bacic to Biblicai time. moSt re:searcne: ~ -wiil not ciisDutc that
anythin:; in u"FO hiStory can ccm"Dare with the 'Di' enomencn th3t i1egan in 1947. What
was iat;:r ~ as "the u"FO Wave of 19· 7" "oepn with • 6 allegea s1ghtings th3t
cecum 0: betWeen May 17 anci July 12. 1947, (al!hcugil. somere:.=rcilers clainuhcrc
were l!S many as 800 siginings aurin; th3t periodi. ~. i.he "R.osweil Incirim"
wu not consirier=i one of these i 947 evems umii the 1978-1980 time frame. There is no
•
~e. hawewr. that something ~t:ne:i near itcsweil in July, 1947, since it wu
reporteli in a.l'IUZllber of co~rary n~er micies: the most famous of which were
the Juiv 8 ami July 9 editions of the Rosweil Daily Ressni. The July 8 edition reported
"R.AAF ClUltures fiyin; Saucer On Rancn in R.asweil Region." whiie tile ne:tt cia~'s
edition 1coorted..
. "R.amev. Emones
. Rosweii Sa.ucci' ::..."lti "E:::::e:i .Rmcile:- Who Locau:d
'Sauce:-' Sorry He Told About it."
 :be lirst Storv 1e:sotceu tn.3t me int~em:: 0ffic::- oi the 509tn ::scam \..-rc...._ .....,._ _
lt Rcsw=i AM. ~or j=se A.. Marc=. naa re::aver= a "fl:.in¥ aisc" f:-::n UIC ~
iamis of an nniriemiiir:ri nncner m tile Vlcimtv ciitcsweii ana ttm tn: cii.sc lwi il=:
~tlovm to nigher i1eaaauarten." That same~ aiso leconr:ri that a. .R..csweii mz;zie
ciaimca to ila.ve s=n a. W¥e wlioemiiiea oejec rly by their nome an iuly 2. !947.

- -
. . ncteli that Bristaaicr G==ai Roszer Razm:y, Colflfflriwierci
The Juiv. 9 ediriou cithe umer
theE;ilth Air Force at Forth Worth. Texzs. smed Um lJ%lOD f:hwjparjon the debris
recavcr=i by Mm:ei was cic:teium.:C tc be a. waziler balloon. The wra:ica¥e was
aesc:mea as a.." ..!lumi.ie cftinioil. bruiteD wcoci beams. ana rubber it llhfd!U of a.
ba.lloon.... " ~ aririirio'IW story of the "h:l:assai rmcin•r' idemiiied him as W.W. Bn=i
ofi inatin Coumy, New Mexico. He cbrimeri mat he mri his san. Vemail. fctmci tile
mmria.i on June 14. 1947, wit= ti1ey ··came upou a.l.arg= ara cfbrigin ~ 1llllic
up of n:bber smps. tinfoil. a mner tou~ paper. li.IUi sticC." He pia=i un some of lhe
debris en iuiy 4 uui ." .. :he next dav ite lim itemi about tr.e tiying ciW:s ami woiiiU:reci if
".>litat he ila.ri fowui mi~Pn nave CeCil the ICifffldh!S of one ofth==."' B:2: sunseouemiy
went te Rosweti an iuiv 7 ana conuaea the £heri:ii: wile apparcmiy notiricd Maier
:-.iarce:. .:-.1a~or Man:et 3I1ti "a man mt1iain ciothes'" then~= Bruet itoine to
~1ck u:: tn: ~ of the tlteces. T.1e aruc:ie iilniler reWI:Q that Brazel thou.;ht that tne
mat=:

" .. millin - . The balloon which heid it

- .have CCCII as ia.nze as a table too.
up, if that is how it waricr:ri. must have CCCII about ll f= long, hr. feit.
measurii:; the rjjsrance bv the me of the room in which he sat. The
rubber was smail:y sr.lY i~ calor ami ~· auc'ed ovr.r mara abou: 200
yards in diameter. When the debris was gzthereri up the tinicil. ;:!per.
tace. anci.sticia nw:ie a bumile a.Dcnn titre: feet lcag anci 7 or 8 ir.ches
thick. wilile the rucber nw:ie a bumile a.Dout 18 0!" 20 inriles ion~ anci
about 8 :ru:iu= thick. In ail he estimateri. the e. -:til': lot would have
.,.=~= maytJe o'·c uou11ds. 7:-::: ·.v:.s ::::: tign of anv mew u. the
ar:a wilic:h millin
- have been us=i for an . -
CIIsz:ine and no sim
- 01 anv
PI'Ol'eiierl oi any icind. Altlu:lu~ at least one papa fin had been ;iued
.··

omo some oi the tinicil. Then: were no worris ·tc• be· foUDci anvwifere
on tite iJ.stromem althou~ there were !etten on some oi the ~m.s.
CansiCenble scmcil ta;~e and some tape with flowers priuwi upon it
twi beet~ USCii in the construczUm.. No smng or wore were to be iL:Wili
but th:re were some eyeictS in the paper to indica:: that some sort of
amc i•n•e '' may have Dcen used.. Brazel~ that he hari pr=vicusiy·
•
fcnzmi two wemher balloons on the 13DCh.. but tiw. wi1at he founri this
time ciici not in any way resemele either of th==."

EVOL:.-r;:oN OF u-..E. EVEIT FROM 1947 TO TEE PRESENT

 Gc=rat.R.amey S !'r=5 c;tl!IIMCitC :mllr<i.l._ - · - ___ _
l UFO-reWca man= umii 1978. aiUlQU~ some u"FO rccara=:::s :&r¥'..::0: :.."'.Zt tne:re ~
scvt:nli oi:nusc teit:an:cs te it in 1950's era iitezamrc. Rosweii. foro d!ilptc. is net
Ie&uea to in the cmcw USAF invt:stma:tUm oiUFOS 'eoo1 &:eli in .Pn:ricc:t .SlueDcox or iu
prerio ,on. .Project Sign ami Project-Gruti;e, wilici1rm ircm i94S-.1969 (wilici1
-
Conan"""" Schi:tf subsecuemiv. -
. lcarn=i when i1c uw:ic ilis onrzinai inquiry).
.

[n 1978. an anicic ~eana in a rantoici newsfl&Per. the Naripaj Ingujm; wi1ici1 lt:;JOUeC
the former jmelligrm= officer. Marc=i.. claimrri that he ha.ci z=::aver=i UFO debris near.
Rosweilin 1947. Also in 1978, a UFO 1 n:W:r. S•anmn rri 6 il!ld" mer v.ithMarcci
ami begm mwesripring the ciaims tnzt tbe mm:riai Man= Dmgird WU from a c:rasDe4
UFO. Simii•dy. twa ""Den. William i.. Moon: BD1i Cbancs .Seriia:. also engagrri in
r:sean::n wilich lea them to publish a booX; The Rosweil Inctcj;m, in 1980. In this book
they ~ they imervieweci a numi:ler of JlerstmS who ciaimeri to have oecn ll' esem at
~sweil in 1947 ami p1oiesseci to oe eitilermst or sccomi hmli wimesses lo str31lie
MWS tllz1 suwoseriiy occwreci. Since i 978-1980. omer u'FO researchers. most notably
)ona.Ui Scbmin BDii Kevin Ranaic. ciaim to nave ioC!lCCi ami inu:rvieweci even more
·:mom wnh swrposea kncwiea~ oi unusuai ha!ll'mmgs :u Rosweil. These mcimica
·>oth cviiian ami fanner miliury pmons.

. \dditionaiiy, the .Robert SU.CX-nosteci television snow ·'t:nsoiveci Mystene:.. ::!:voteci a

· :arge pcrcion of one silaw to a. "re-crcamm" of the .suppos=i R.osweil events. Numen:rus
:~tiler teievision :;hews nave done iila:wisc. paniculariy during tbe iast several years ami a
·rwie-for-TV movie on the suDjec is due tO be rei=seri th:s summer. The overall thrust
,Jfthese anici=. boca ami shows is that me "Roswell Inaacm" wu amni!y the crash c£
a cran from anotiler world. the US Goveuuuem rccavercci it. ami bas been ··c~ up"
;his fact irom the American l'Uillic since 1947, using a comnination of disiniomwian.
iciicuic. ami lhrau cfbociiiy harm. to cia so. Generally, ti'e US Air Force ileus the brum

''rom tne ratil.er )emsm - cicscmnion

. of the "cvem·' amilhc r:coverv
. . of som1. materia.i as
Jcscriceli in the original newspaper acccums.. the "Raswei. Inc:jriczzt" has si11cc grown to
:nytilicai {if not 1:tystical) proportions in the eyes auci miJui.; of some researcilen. pon:icus
'Jf the meciia ami at least pan of the American pualic. There arc lisa now ~everai major
•:ariatians of the :'Rosweil story." For eumplc, it wu ori~ reponeci t:w there was
.)niy I tU:hU f of debris from one site. This has sim:c: ~ ftom a cnjujmr amouDt of
Jebris Je:covaei £rem a small area tO~ ioacis of debris ii'am mniriple- huge "debris
• :ie!ds." Likewise. the rciazively • i e description of men paper. ~ami tinioii bas
>im= pawn to ezoric mcmis with hiU'Ogiyphics ami fiber cpric-iiU mmeriais. Most
versions now c1aim tlw there were two crash sites wilerc aebris was recovercct md at tbe
second me. allqed: bodies of exaw:enesuial aliens wt:re supposaiiy mrieYeci. The
numilcr of these ··alien co dies·· r-- ~e.. e:i :ilia varied. These ciaizns arc further c;omjl!imeri
by the fact th3l UFO rcscarcilers arc not in ag~can.:m among tilemseives as to c:xacUy
where thes: recoverv. sites were iowcci or even the ciates of the ail=zeri msiUest
-
s
 - "''ngqcmv..
.._lool
n~.-IIOiooi
- ..... .~
loJ ...
4. .u;.
. . . . ._
w"!!r
-
ac-"'"":;Q u·., . . --~
- - - - ----

~ucn:31 mc-:..uzn.. ~~
toc:::us awav. ar.a 1-:::::I::::::::; :.::: ~ ~ ta.~
~omcsJ to Rc.nveti w:c::-- ---..e:v tlcrtt
- s~·. icr f..:..-~= ~e==ina- ana tater

One: oaa. :n R.osweU A.AF. i: is gc::cr.Wv aU=;= til3t m=:c:W meum= were we= to
noDiv hisCu:r n~ aD.Q lll311QEI I I I 1 maQe tC D&\'C iCCC'fUeci ma=i:iJ ~pCC tc
o~ iomnm icr anam:is. Tncsc s~cznnm mcinrie it. Worm. Tcc:as. tri: i1ome oi the
r;gmn fJI iim:c~ pomi:liv Samiia.Basc 1naw Kirtl.3Dii AFB1. New M...;m;
;JOSSii:liv Aruin:ws AAF. Mamma. ami aiwavs to Wrig:ilt FtciQ. now i..'lOWn as Wrigm·
P:utc:son AFB. Ohio. The iam:r socznnn was me hem: of "T•':" wm;iliatcr i:l !if
~wn as tile Air Teclmicai Inrciiiv=e C==r tATIC) ami th: Air Ma1cici Ccmmmri
1AMC). ana wouili. in £act. oc a iog!cai locznnn to ~ unialcwn mz=mis from
·.J11111cver on!P%1- Most of the .Rosweii stones til3t mmam tile rcccwry of alien i:loriics aiSCI
snow tilcm oemg ~=to Wrigin Fieid. One: tile nsa=w ami boai= were Cis!)==i
:or furtil::" anai:vsis
. -
ami/or c:msoiwlon. t.'lc IZtM!:nlm:m m sz:==zi.
- ami tri: •.o.rmv. Air
::-orcc m oamoliar. m~ ~=in co~ up ail iniormmon ~to me aiiC!"ri
::':lStl ana rc:::M:rV. momiin'!' me usc oi sca:mv oamr to miiitarv l'!:nOilS ana t.~ us: oi
:oc:n::on tmonajng a.iicgca a=n tr.rc::ISI to OtllC::. T::is. as mcon::i ov some i.:rO
. ~=s=:s. nas aJicwea me ;ovem:ncm to "= tnc Ii::t tr.:n titcrc is i.'!tciiig=n
!maiC: rc!tn.U life from me .".men= owiic: fer 4 7 ycus. It aiso SUZJ;l.:lScaiV ailoweci the
US Govemmcm to c:msoit rc:cver:a c:a:raterrC:Str m:tcnais by~= en~e:nng
them. uitjmreiy provitiin; sw:n things as nncr 0~ mel sr=jtb tccimmcgy. The "dc:il
threw."' oaQs. .ami ctitcr iorms of c:oec:ion aU eva to :aaw oe= mcm: cut by the: AnDy
Air Force ocnotmci to icc= l'=nie from utmg .Dave ~paxcw:iy norte= verr eEe::siw.
as scveni hunarei p=oie arc ciaimcri to have come: fc:wmi (without r.amu with same
knowleci;c cf the ~·Rcsweii Incicicnt" durin; intd'VIewt with ncn-~over'l1m=nt 1escatci:as
ana the mdiia.

,_aciin~:
somt· me:uure oi ::-:-~;ciiirv to me ciaims uw: nave ansdl smc: i 9iS is me
1oparcn cc::--~ oi TC::U"Cl or· some or tr.: autnCrs ana :::: ::ttc:u oi -±.:::- :£:~!. !."lcir
::auns are :essen= somi:WIW. however. oy tile: iaa tn:1: aunost ail thcr inicrmmon came
from verilai r=aru. mmv. veus
. -
aitcr me aii=ca inc:icicr.t ca::ncd. Ma:w. oi the r.esws
.
mtei'VIeweti ,..,.ere:. in £act. s-..moncti at. or iivea n=r Ro~ durinsz: tile :ime in ouesrinn
ami a mmme:.: oi them caim nuiitarv scrv1c:c. MOSt. ncwever. r~ th :r stones in their
older vars.. ,.,ell after m: iact.. In omcr ascs. tile iufut:nmon tJrOViCcd is s=:mui or tilini-
nand. having oe= pancri through a fridlci or r=auve ar.cr tile ~ziz:u:iDai lwi ciicd. Whit is
• umauesy iaciring m tile cmre CC)icm:cn mel c:anoitmcn of the "Rcsw~ Incicic:nt" is
officW ccsmw t:ioczmtm3N or pilysiczi cvia=cc of any iciJui that suppUits the claims oi
thole wile ail"!" that scmetiling wmsuzi ~ CciMneiy, ~illS n~ ocm ~
!lrcYIOUS
. ciccumd!WV. marne: orcciucc:l
. bv. these: wite wouid d~ the: inciCc:nt to
show th31 scmi"Tirin; cfui net llac;lcn: althcu;illcgic ciicmcs tim ~ cia nor
s~c:na O.."'ne aoc:umcm:m; ::::::·ev~..:.

6
 ;m~ re:mc to ut: "'Rosweli illca=: • ::.a to ortMae tr.: vAU V.1tn lr.: :.:"""'. - - ···--·
cmmncu: micrmmen avaiiaDi:. S.J.:F1AAZ ::::nmua:a a ~ cas= on air:a nr•ring
from tnc Ofiic: ci· the S:cn:wv. to ciicit inicrmmcn ircm tnese rimc:lmw effie:: ami
organizanens wncn: sucn inienn:men nugin ic;~caiiv be i::ommeo. Dus inc:udc:i
dirl::mm- seucncs at c:mn:m offices wncn: soeciai. or unusuai orcteas
. . tmstin
- be c:unc:i
oUL as weU as Uismric:ai cz ga,,j, d' 'ODS. arctzM:s.. ami :ewzds ccners overwiUcit the Air
Fore: exei:Cii same ci=r= ei comroi. R=:arcn:rs ciiri net. however. go to the US
.~ to review histcric:ai rccortis in ar=.s sucilas missiie ialmcncs Ii:cm White !iamis. or
to tile DCIJAlm cfEnc¥Y to ci==mmc ii its ton:nmncr. tile Almmc: E::rg:,·
Cou.uussion iwi alrl recanis ci nuci=r-reiueci inciriems that mi¢: have occmr=i at cr
near Aosweii in l94i. To do so would have cnc:raacz1:11 on GAO's cilanr:r m this maw:r.
Wlw Air Forc:c r::sean:ricrs aid do. however. was to scucn IOr m:crtis stili unaer Air
Fore: ccm:roi pa• ai••i•xg to these suO~cct areas.

In artie: to ciet::mine oaramctcrs tor tile most prcciuc:avc sc::n:n ci rccorcs.. a >CV~ew was
5m ::::nauc::~ of the :rwor wona rc~ tne ·'Rosweii lncio.:.'lt., a-..-aiiailie m tile
=oowar J.it::mmc. T::cse wona mcilUld: T:-:e Rosweti Im:u:i~:. ~! 9801 bv william
:-.1ocrc ami Charics .iicrut:: ·c:asncn 5.owc:.-s: .:::·.icicnc:e :.'l SC2l"Cll ai?raoC ::9851 by
\icarc: Tho: l:r'Q Crnn at Ras;vetl (1991) by Kevin R.anci.ie ar.::i DoJWci S::!:-.:r.:~: The
Truth About me UfQ Cr;sn at Rosweii. (1994\ aisa bv Rmciie .ana Sc.'·.mm: ~
Rosweii Repou~ .".. ffis;xongi P;rnze:nye. {1991 ), Gec~e M. E!:cmm. E::itcr: ·'The
Rosweil Evcms." (1993) c:emtnicci by Fred Whiling; C;;sh at C;rona (1992l by Stamen
T. Frieriman arui Don Berliner. as well as mmtcrous other micies wrmen ov a c:omi:rizwicm
of the :Wove ami ether n::seartitcrs. Ccllcc:tiveiy, the a.Dave lt:;'!est:m til: ··pro" UFO
wrnm wile allege UUI the ;evcmmcm is en~ in a c:eiistrir..,c:.·. There ::rc n~ spCcisic
baaic~ wrm:n entircr: on tite theme that ncthin; natmcncti at R:lsweil. Hcwe\-:r. Cun:is
Peebtes in Watcn the Skies 1 ( 1994) disawcti the aeveioomcm -,fthe L.:r'O starv anci
grov.:n ai S\Wscaucm ::Uims as a ohencmenon. Then: nas aisc ocen sencus res=rc:n as
·.lleJ.i as a numocr of c;:-.:nicci arnc::es wmten by so-called "deOu:·Kcrs · ofRasweJ ana other
~"":c:C::::s. most notae:y ?hilio i. ::lass v.·no v..mes ~~ S~~~~~· ir:oun~~~ ~~.vsir.ner. anti
i:\.obt::: l odd. l tmVll.:e rcse!rt:n::-. The c:onc::m ana c:ialms of ail the :wove :!ll'.nCrs ami
other-s were c:ensicicrcti in c:anauamg tne USAF rcc:cras sc::n:n

It wc.s we acciticd.. pruc:uiariv attCI" a review of the aoove po~uiar iitcr:m:::. :::at no
spea:ir:: am iiwt wcuiJ be macie to try to rein:. point by point. :he numerous r::iaims DWie
in the various nublimcns. Mmv of these c:iaims ~to be i:c:rsay. unciccumen=i.
tar:c: aut of comext. seii-servm;, or atncrwrse citmious. Addiucnaliv. many of :he ai:love
• autilors ~ not even in &;I cenent over various c:iaims. Most notai:lie of tile C:t'""'sing ami
now ever~g c:iaims is the com:rcversy over the lim:lsi of the~ inciticm til:
~ iocttionis·l ofth: ouroone:i d~s and the c:ctcnt of the v.Tecicl;:. .:::.!Ch
ciiscrcmcics
. in c:iaims macie tile s=rc:il mucil more . ciiffic:uit bv. -v:remiv. exnanciimz:
. - me
vonu::: oi rc::ortis :!::: r.z.d ta be se~e:i.
 e:cumne: One oi tile t~o~ tlOOJCS mc:monca tr.:n was r=Y~C:WCC nwnm ......... - ~ ··--
:"laCi. snommcn the names ancl scnai numccrs oiaovcr nvo acz::n·· Cet" "'''M nan on= 31
Roswcii in .July, 1947. to tile Vcu::zm A.li.Il:Ummmcnllllll tilcDefi:mc D=uuucm to
:oml:m tncr miliiarv service. T.'lcy tncn iistea cicvcn oi these tldSUW ey nam: ami uE=i.
:he aucmcn: ·'Why aces ncitilcr tnc Defense iJCillnmc:tt ncr tne Vcu:zn• s
.~ nave rcccrtis oi any of these men wilcn we em cioa••nf!" mu ca:i1 =wei
at Rcswcii Arrrty Air Ficici." ~ c:Wm scunci=i =1DUS so SAF/AAZD was rasirrri to
:hecio: til:= eievcn name m tile Pcrstmnci R.cccrtis Cc:w:r m St. Lenis Using CIUY the
nmu:s t siDe= tile •mimrs ciid nat iist the scriai mmme:s 1 the r=csn:n:r quiciciv icumi ·
:-c.cxas rcaaiiy iricmifiahic· witiJ ei~ of these ~cmms~ The otiu:rtilr= Dad. sucil '*''''' "'
names Ul31 there couid ha.w oc:::n muititlie posgnjii•ies ~. one oi the iistca
.. ~·· pcrsczzs iwl a. casnaiTV t"Ciltlrt in ilis recoras ren~ Ulat ile cii:d in 1951, wDilc
the wme:s ciaimcri to nave imervtewea him !Or a Dcrson oithe exact same: name1 in 1990.

\Vhile the ilimlnc:U dcanncm se3%'Cri was in Dra~ 1t was ciccicierl to attCm!lf to iac:zr:
J.nCi intemew severai persons tcienmica as still living wno ccuid possiDiv answer
:uesucns gen=ca ov tne rcscan:n. T.-:is ita:i never accn ocic:W.iv acne ceicrc. atthongn
:nest or· the Derscns came::::: rc:lcrtca tiw !.'1CV naa aisc cccn comaaeri in tile tlast ey
some of the ii.swi amilors or otncr tlnvate rescan:ne:s. In cracr to coumcr t~ossiDie iumrc
ll""..umcu tnai tne t~crsons intervtcwca were still "c:::vcrmg t:p" rnztc:rW bc:::wse of prior
s=mv oatils.. the inrervtcwees were prcvu:iC: With autnen:z:alion from e~thcr me
s~ cithe Air Force or tile Sc:aior Scamry Offi::ia.i citite Air Force tha.r would
offici:iliv allow riismssion oi classifi'=!i inicrtna%ion. ii ~iicai:lie. or in= them from my
pnor restriction in ciisazssing the muter. ii sucil criueri AgaiD. tile iocus was on
intemew~ng persons tha.r ccuid acidr::s speccic i:suenmea by Jeseatctl ami no
consiaer.mon was given to ny anti locate every ~eri wimc::s ciaimeri to have occn
ccnta.C".::i by tne various awncrs. For c:cun;::c. one oi tile interviewees thougm vital to
obwn an cmc:al signC!l.. sworn statement 1Tcm was Shcrician Cavin. L: CoL USAF
IRr:ti:-:d ·, wile 1s the last iivin~ mcnmcr of the three ::crsons u.:uVC!"S31iv aciatow1cageri to
:1ave re:over= mau::n:U from m: Foster R.ar~-:. 8:..~:..--: ·:.·~ '!iso inte:""1e-a.vea as
;rior:n:mcn aevciot~cti (disnmea in acwi later!. AdditicnaLiv:in some QSCS SUI'VIVOrs of
a=cc Jlcrsons were aiso c:ornaaca in an ancmm to ioc::nc vanous rc::oras mougitt to
have ce::n m the custOay of the aecencc.

Ev..:n tnOUgil Air Force rcs=rcil cri!Pnallv mnca in Jamwv. '994. the %irst cmcw Air
Forcc-wicie rasmg was ciircctcci by the ~it l. 1994. memusaurinm irom SAF/AA.
(Alc:h 5) ana was alicin:sscci to tnose c:mrcnt ."\ir Swicicncms tha.r would be the likdy
• rcposnory ior any rcccn:is. panicuiariy ii there wu myti1ing oi an e:ar:crciina:y namrc
invoived. This meam tha.r the searcn was not iimneti to nncias'iiiieri muerWs. but also
wouid inciwic secwcis of the hiihest ciassification and ccnsuuauem:a:zicn.

7iu: soeei.::: •6JI St:d."'S~ offices aucriea inciur:i:d the foilowing:

Ia) SA:f/A.Al. Dircacrate cilnformmon Mana;cmcm
tb) SAF/AQL. Dircaaratc ofEc..-:rcnics arui Sccc:W Programs

8
 , :1 MiSE.. .~.ll" Fore: ::.:uctV
, d) M1HO. Air Fore: riistcrum
Ie) 1\f!IN. Air Fore: int:iiig:cnc: 1inciwiing .'\.ir Fen:: i.'ltciiig:cnc: :~g:encv-,.;,.r"1A. arul
:he Nationai Air imeiii;mc: C.:."•-. NAIC'l -
(f) 1\flX.OW. Direcum11C ofWeuncr
t_g) (acilied lal:rl The Air Force Offi:e ox" Spec:W lnvemgannns 1/\fOSD

In acjriirion to tile &Dave Air SWf ami Seczewia% cfficn 5~/AAZ also revteWeci
appt upziatc ciassiiicri l'Cem"tis fer any tie-in tD this mmer. Wtth 1~ to Ngiliy ciassifieri
reccrus. it shcuid be ncnea that my prcgzams rim emrriDY enMDccr:i securitv measures or
ccmrciS ~ EnDwn as a Scecai Acc=s ?rcmams cSAPsl. The auU2crirv ior.sucil
orcmms "!Illes from cxC..unve Order 12JS6 ami ilcwlfrom tileD~ ofDef=sl:
~o the Services via DoD Dir=c:uve 5205.7. 1'h=c programs~ jm¢e ;nt!Ueri in tile Air
Forcc ev Policy Direcnve i 6-7. arui Air F crce inmuaitm 16-701. These ciirectM:s
comam cieaiied n:auir=m:ms for comrciiimz: ami 1euoumg, in a verv smct mmner. ail
SAPs. This incinri= a reccrt trom tile Secz~v of the~ Foree t~ tile Secr:tary of
Defense 1anri nirimnetv to Ct.::;ress1 on ail SAPs SUDmnteti for~ anri a
:.:."llllc:non tnai tnere :reno -·SAP-like·· orogz3mS oemg: opcnteli. Tncse re:lortm;
'ecnm=ems = StmUia1ca in ':lui:Jiic iaw.

it foiioweci til=n. til:u if :he .A.lr Fore:: naci recovereti some tvpe of exuz:t~<Otnai
spac:::ni ana~ or i:Joriies ma was CX'!'ioitin; tilis for ~cemiiic ami tecimc;Jogy purooses.
then such a prcgzzm wouid be opermca as a SAP. SAF/AAZ. the C~ Offic: ior ail
Air Force SAPs. has lalowienge ct. ami security oversigm over. all SAFs. SAF/AAZ
categoncaily nateri that no such Spec:W Ac,.,., Prcgrmms) cam ttm !"::mD to
e:ar.nctesaw spu:m:uilalic:u.

LikeWlse. the S::::r:wv of the Air Fore: ami the Chief of Stai£ who nWl th: Sceciai
Program Oversrgitt Commme: whicil overs =sail sensitive orc;rams in:.':: Air Fore:. n!d
~a Kr.o·;;u::i;~ cf til: :."'Ost::n::r- ot" anv sucil 'Cl"'gi"ml mvoivin;, or reiatin·: to the eventS 1.1:
Roswcii or tn: aiieg:en tc:nno1ogy thai su::pos=iiv ~ten tilerCtnn. ; -:sui::s me
oDVJous ~ - . - . ot" k.e:mnsz:
anri iilcszamv . - sucil iniarmat~on i:rom tile 110st semor Air
Fen::: omciah it wouid also oc illog:icai. since tnese officiais are ~on:ui:Jie for ODtaiuin~
fum:iing for opcrmons. rcsc:n:ri. deveiomnem. ami seczunv. Without iunriing: such a
program. opet'ation. or o~n ccuid not exist. Even to ic=:u sucila W:; ··covereri·
. in some sort of camve
uo" . "c."W't'lrer stams" wouid invoive moncv. . M•lre imcortlmiy,
. it
wouid invoive '!)ec;rie anri c:--:e '!l~erwcrk. .
• The aioienle.Aicneri Marcil 1. 1994. SAF/AA rasjcjng gcn:meli n. . .·e ~onses (A!ch
6-12) frtlm all recmi~ t.e. all offices 1euortcd that tnev iwi no iuicun:mon tiw wauid
expiain tile in~. Consenuently, triese·n~e ~~nses ied to an ir.crcsc in the
aireaQv on-goin¥ ilistoncai resc:n:n at rea:u cis c:.emets anri arcizives.

The c:aecsive an:mvai anri reconis c:mer searcil was svne:"uicdiv ca:ri=i out at ily tile
SAF/AAZIJ Deciassiiic:wcn Review Team. This tcm1. is ccmposcci entireiv of Air Fore:

9
 ?..esc:rvc odscun.: wilo nave e:cu::mve ~ana extlcnc=--. -~ --.-
~:::OrtiS. iPl'l:Yicus encns tnciwic me £ourae:sr ASia l)eciassmcmon i.e'new.
denassmonon oiPOW/MlA reccrm. ami the l'l:Yiew of the Gui!WatAJr Power 5l.ln'eV
reccrti.s). The t=m m==cr3 aillwi the n:mzisitc sccumv cie:nmccs zi:lr ciassitieri ..
:nicrm:mon ami lwi the authority of the S~ew'f ofthe.Air Fore: tn cicciassiiy any
:iassiii=i tecutci they founci that m:gin be mncri to Rcsweii.. S.4;FIAAZD coruluct=i
rmews 11 a mmmer oi iccamms. incinriing: the N•riami ArciiMs in Washington. DC
the Nationai Pem2zmci Reccrcis Cemcr. St. Louis. MO: tile N•tionai Arcilives. SuirlaM
~; the Naricmai Recorcis Ccmer. Snirlanci MD: Nawi .R.=:an:n Labamcry,
W~on. DC: F=ie:rzi .R..cam1s Ceincr. Ft Woni1. IX:. tile lNSCOM Arl:iliv=. Ft
~MD; Nariona.i Air ami Space M·•smnn Wasbjngrcm. DC: M Fore: Histericai
Rae:rt:il Agc=y, Mlxweil AFB. ~ Ccmcr icr Air Fore: History, Bolling AFB. DC;
Philllos i.aborztery, Hmsccm AFB. MA aDii 1Uni:md AFB. NM; R.oml: Laboratory,
Gri:ffi.ss Ar"13. NY: ana the Libmy ot'Congr=s. Washington. DC.

:\ listing of the soecmc rcccrti are:s searcilcri is a.opcruice as Alch 13. The areas incinded
ill those sucjca :a.rcu iogicailv beiieveg !o pcssiciv col'l%3in anv 1ei'ei du:e to activities at
?..osweti AAF dwm~ me oencci of time m aucmon.. It i: anncitl3Id1 that ae:nacrs from
:nis C::ort mii c:onmiain tnat ""they aici not se:rcn reecrti ;rcuo x. cox y, or re:i z.
e!c:.; :.•.:u s wncrc: me re:i reccrc.s are!·· Sw:i1 conmiaims arc unavoidable anci there ts no
iJOSSioie way tilat the miilions of reccrti.s uncier Air Force contrtli c:ouid be sarch=i page
by page. The t=m encieavorea to :nUe logical s=n:nes in those oW= wilere reccrcis
wouid l.ikciy ce founci. They were assisr=ri in this wic by an:ilivists. historians. ami
recorti.s managemem speri•iisn incb,riing tii.\4J=ri==i pasuns wilo have ccminuaily
woriceci in Army ana Air Fore: rcccrcis systems sin= 1943. The team aiso scarcited soma
recorci areas tllll% were: reccmmcruied by sc:ricus private~ such as Robert Todd..
wile naci incicceruidtdy oota.incci almost encyciotlcciic icn::JWidige oi the ccmoiexities CJf
Air F::rce re::ortis systems. panicuiariy as rcWcci to tllis suc.ica arcs.

:;.:lt s::.-:::si::;iy, :!':: rl:!:c:rc:n t=n ioumi the wuai numoer oforooicms m manv of the
~et:oras ce:ncrs t pamCJiariv St. Louis·, \vitit misliiin~ 1on or mtst1w:ca cioc:-.::n::ns.
nusmarxing of docmu:nts.. or the creaicing up of reccrti P.J"CUtls over the yean ami r~
in diif==m syn=ns.. This inciwied.. for e~ic. a small Jll10Wl% of missing ·'decimai files"
from tn: S09th Bome Grout! 11 Rosweii tim covemi the yean 1945-1949. that were
m.ariccci on the iruiex as "destrnyed." The rescan:ilers notcci that there was no pancrn to
any anomalies fcuaa and that most discr::;:ancies wen: nmor ami c:onsistdlt with wi1at
they iwi founci in the past on simiiar projects.
•
WHAT THE ROSWEll INCIDENT WAS NOT

Before cii:smssin~ speciiic: oositive resuits tl1ll% these cifons reveaied. it is first &~iu!Jiiaae
to ciisc:uss those thin~ as inciic::ucli by information avaiia.ble to the Air Force. that the
"Roswell Incicicm" was not:

An Airoiane Cntsil

10
 Of all the '"'"'!S Ul3I an: aoc.un::uc::. M.w ~--- ........ _ -·
ic:Wicci ami scnmwous are ~iane t:::1SileS. .i.:: iac:.. ::=ra.s oi air C""..snes go oaa: ttl tne
iirst yeu1 oi military riight. Slietv re--ora.s ami rc::oru are avaUailie fer ail crzsnes tnat
invoiveci serious aaniage, in_iury. de:WI. or a comcirimcn of these iaaors. These recmw-
aiso inc:iudc inciaems tnvoiving ct;:errmenui or ct:willcci ain:r:tit. L"SAF re:orcis shaweO.
that berween June 24. 1947. ana Juiy 28. 1947. th:rc wer-e live cr:W1es m New Mc:xicc
alone. mvoiving A-26C. P-SlN. C-82A.. P-80A anci PQ-14B airazi:: however. noneoi
these wer-e on the ciatels) in question nor in the arems·r in ouestion.

One oi the acidiriorw ar=s soeciiic::illv set forth by GAO in its eiforu was to ciui with
how tne Air Force I ana others l soecmcziiv documcmcci ."-. ·.veamer bailoon: ..ami other
-
cr2Si1 inricicms " In this ar=. the searcn eiforu reveaieQ tll3l tnete are nc air saic:tv.
rec:ords peuioing to wdlli1c:r balloon cr:Wies I ail weatiler balloons ··c:ash·· sooner or
lald'J; however. ther-e are orovisions
. tor srener.mnsz
- - reooru
. -
of"c:r.Wles·· :.s IZrOUIICi safety -
inricie:ns in the uniikeiv cilance that a balloon miures someone or c:wses carnage..
However. sucn records are oniv mamtaineci fer nve ve:u-s.

-.-\ Missiie Crasn

.-\ crasneci or e!nm rrussiic. usualiv descnoeci as a caorure:1 Germ3n -.,·.: vr on: of its
vanants. ts somemnes set forth as a oossiilie ::mta.nauon fer the debris re::::vereci n=r
Rosweii. Since much of this te:un~ acne at nearov \'v"hite .Sancis was sec::: :.t tne time. it
wouici be iogici to assume trw tne government wouid r.:mtiie any rnissiie :nishao uncier
tigin security, F:uticuiariy if the mWw:1 occum:a on pnvate lanC.. From ti ;e records
reviewed by the Air Fe~ however. there was nothing iocaud. ttl sugges- that this was
the case. Althougil the buik of remaining testing records are untier the cc: ntroi of the US
Amty. the suajea has aiso be= very weil docwnerteci over the ye:u-s witi"in Air Force
rec:oras. There would be no re:uon to ieee;~ sucn inicmwion ciassiiied tc:iay. The USAf
fauna no intiicators or even hints tnat a missiie was invoiveci in this mme:.

One of the areas constcier::~ wa:; tr:at wnatever :::.ope::::::::= Roswe1i r.:::·.- ::::~·e mvoiveti
~uCJ= weaoor:s. T.-:is was a iog~cai area of concc:n smce the 509th Barr::~ urouo was tit~
oniy military urut in the worid a.. me ume that twi access to nuci=r weaDcns. Again.
reviews oi avatia.bie recorcis gave no mciication that this was the case. A numcer of
rec:oras still da•siDea TOP SEC RET ana SECRET-i\ESTIUCIED DAT:. having to do
with nucicar Wellpcns were ioczteci in the Fecien.i Records c~ in St. L'Juis. MO .
These reconis. wilich penaineci to the 509th. had nothing to do witil any taivities that
couici have beet misinterprcteo as the "Rosweil Incitie:n." Also. any rcct :cis of a m":*=r ·
• rcW:li inciciert wouid have be= inherited by the D~ of :Energy t DOE). ami. had
one ocaured. il is likely DOE wouid have pubiiciy reponeci it as cart oi it; re=nt
deciassixic:uicn ana cuoiic reiease eifons. There wer-e no ancillarY records in Air Force
files to mtiicau: the potemiai exiStence of such records witi:tin DOE clwmeis.. however.

-~ E.:arate:rrcstriai Cr:l.ft

11
 7he .A1r For= fc:eatUl iouna. acsounesv no 'PP C?'1
It
111
._._ --~--
---·-

; 947. invoivai anv type ci ~ soann:ui. T:1is. ci ccur:e. IS tile c:m: cithis
e:mre mm.cr. ··pr-o-i.JrO". persons wno oiltain a coov oi this rel:!Ort. at this ocmt. mast
prailailiv bqin tile ·'coVer-up is still en·· c1aims N~eiess. til: iii:SWcU inrijcmQ
ailsoiutciv no evicience of any icinci that a spacesiMJ aasil=i near Rosweii or tilat my Iii=
ocaxpam were reccvereti tilerci'cm. m some seen: miiirary opcr.uicn or ctile:wise.. This
does net m=n. ilawevtr. that the wiy Air Fora: was net ccncc:ulei abOUI UFOs.
However. in the eariy days. ~L"FO" meam Unirienriticd Flying ubjec. wilici1 iit=my
rnm•iareri is some oDjcc in the air that was not r=uiiiy ia"11'riiablc. It did net mcm. u
the t=m ilu evoiveci in tociav's
•
ianqnaqe
- - I
to c:QtW.e
•
to ali= sna•
•
e•i•iD'-
.
R=conis iromU=
pe:noti reviewea by Air Fora: researci:=s as weil as tilose c:it=i by the autimrs mtJni• moi
beiore. tic inaicne that the USAF ~ seriousiy t:nn• v nai about tile inaDiiiry to
aC=weiy idemiijr uniamwn riying oiljeas reported in Amc:icm ~ All the
r=crtis. howew:r. incjjc;neri that the focus of cnncc:m was net on aiiem b.ostiie or
otiu:rwtsc. but on the Soviet Union. Many ciocmnrms from tilat !)erioci S!)eaic to the
possioiiitV of deveioomemai secret Soviet aircr:a2: ove:rlying US ~ This. of ccmse.
was oi maser ccncem to tile licd!Ping USAF. wnose job it was to prmcc tnesc same akies.

The re:ean:n rc:veaieli oniy one omciai AM do ann= that mciic:atca that tr.ere was anr
acuvitV of any type tilat pemmeli to iJFOs ana Rcsweil in july. 1947. This was a smail
sea1cn oi the julv Histonai Renon for the S09th Bcme Group ami Rcsweii AM that
swea: "The Offic;e offub!ic i nfgananon was quite busy during the montn answering
inquiries on tile 'flying ciisc.' v·nicil was rc:porteli to be in possession of the 509th Bami:l
Graue. The oDjcc tumeli out to be a rariar tradring ba.lloon" (incindcd witi1 A1ch 11).
Ad:!itionaiiy, this history showed that the S09th Co!!Tf!!lncier. Calcmei Blancjtard. wmr en
leave on July 8, 1947, which wouid be a somewilat nm•snal 1tl2IZICilVer for a person
invoiveti in the SU!)pOScd fim ever reccvery of~ mmeriais. (Detraacrs claim
Blancnarri did this as a pioy to eiucie the press anci go to the seen: to riirect the re=very
opc:rmons1. The history anci the mornmg I'e!'OrtS aiso showeci that the subsequ=
:::-.:·.~::~s at Rosweii during the montn were mostiv mumiane :mri not inciicmve of any
unusuai higilleve~ ac:MtV. e:ro::nairure oi manoower. resources or s=nrv.

~se. the researchers founc: no inriiczrian of heiginenai aaivity anywnere eise in the
miiitarv. hienn:riv. in the Juiv,
. 1947, messave- uzmc or ortiers ito inc!wie ciassiDed tllliiic)..
There wen: no inriiczrions arui ~ notice of alerts. or a higb.en=Po oi ope rii i"ha•
activity reported that would be logiczlly genera::ed if an aiicD craft. wnose inteminns wen:
unknown. eme=i US territory To believe-that suc:U opemirma! anci bigb.-levei ~ecwicy
activity cauid be ccnciua:ti soieiy oy reying on unseaueli telert uw •omiczrions or
• personai comact withOut C dUi!ig any I ec:cu Qs of such aaMty cc:rminiy SUaciles the
imagination of these wno have serveci in the miiiwy wito lalaw that pap=wo~X of some
kina is ne~ e smy to accanmiish even enegeiCV, hi~y rlassiiied or sensitive usia.

An cxzmpie of a.aMty sometimes citeci by pro-tJFO wrne:: to illustnte the !lOim that
sometiling unusual was going on was the tntVei of Lt. General Natban Twining,
Corn:mamicr oi the Air Mate:nei Commanci. to New Mexico in Julv, 1947. Acuaily,

12
 :-eccras were iocm:a inriicnuuJ mat Tv;itzin¥ went tO tllC ~CIDD \...Orfitmnn&;;~ ........ _....,. --
july 8. aicng wttil a IIW%Itfer or other genc:r31 officc:rs. a.nt1 rc::u== orac: to cia so a
montil before.. on June 6. 1947 (Atc:n 14 ).

Simiiariy, it has Wei ilcen ailegea that Gcn=3i Hoyt Vancicnilcrg, Dmny Chici of Stair at
the tunc. iw:i been invoiveci ~ aaivity 1ega&~ evems at .Rosweii. Acavity
~ru {A.tch 15).loca=i in G=crai Van,;, ohcg's pcSOLUii capers star=:i in the Library
of Can~ ci.id inriime Ul31 on July 7, he was ilusy with a "flying riisc" incirie:nr
however this '!'anicular inciriem invoiveci EIDngrrm Field. Tcxas anri the Spoicam:
CN•sbinsmnJ D~ Aftl:rmw:D riisozginn ami iniwl''i''nn ~en this inciri= it ·
wu iean=i tc ilea iloax. Then: is no simiiar mcmion of his !lc:tsonai interest or
inwivemcat in R.oSM:ii c:wms exa:;n in the newspapcs.

The ailove an: inn two small """nt;'ic:s that intiime Ul31 ii' some event iwrpenea that wu
one of the ''wm:rsi=i -enings" in hntm~n ilistory, the US military ccuiniy reaao:ri in
an unconc m=i anci cavaiier mznnc:r. In an aauai ca.se. the miiiw'y wauid have iwi to
orcier tnonsanris of soldien and ainnan. not oniv at Rosweii but tilrougilout tile US. to ac
:Joncnaiarniv. p1eu:mi to conauct ana 1eoon ousmm as uswU. and g==rmc ai:lsoiuteiy no
paperworic oi a susmcicus namre. wilile simW1aneousiy amicipanng that twentY years or
more uno tile fumre peopie wouid have avaiiable a ct.lli!JICilensrve rree:iom of
ln:Wrmauon Act that wouiu give tnem gr=: le:way to review anri c:tlliore govemmem
documcnu. The recartis intiica•e that none of this iwrpeneri (or ii' it diri. it was almnillai
by a security system so effidem and tigiu Ul31 no one. US or otherwise. has be= able tc
dupliCate it sim=. If sucil a system iwi be= in eif=:t at the time. it wouid have aiso be=
user:t to Jli'CtCC cur atemic secrcs from the Sovi=. which histcry has silowed obviously
was not the cw:l. The rcccuis revieweci ccniinno:ri that no sw:il SO'!'ilisticateti and
efficient security system c:tistCli.

WHAT THE "'ROSWEll INCIDENT" WAS

As prtv~ousiy discusseti. wilat was originailv rcponea to have ceen recoveree was a
balloon of some son. u.mallv dc:cniled as a ·'weuiler ilalloon. ., althcu~ the majority of
the ~= that was ulilir.zteiy disolayea oy Gcnerai ~ ami Major Marc:i in the
famous ohotos (Atch 16) in Ft. Wonn. was that oi a r.uiar ~normally sumenrieli from
balloons. This ncar target. diso•sseci in m.m: rieraii Wcr, wu c:crWniv consistem wi1h
the description of July 9 new5'!'aper anicle tmicb dismnM "tinfnil. paper. ~ and
sticks.., Ad.cliticmaily, the desaiption of the "tlyin! disc" was cnnsisrenr with a daM''''',,,
• rouzineiy used by most pro-UFO writers to 1t1riime a amspiracy in pragress-the u:ieg&am
from tile Dallas fBI office of July 8, 1947. This dooum::nr quoted in pan states: ."••'Ihe
disc is ~in~= and was ~erui=i from a Oallorm by a cable. wilicb balloon
was appi oximueiy twenty feet in riiamerer.... :.h: oiljea ioumi resemilies a high aitiauia
weaii:c:r balloon with a radar reileaor.... disc anti balloon ileiug aansooneri.•. "

Simiiariy, wilile conciuaing the gopuiar litemurc review. one of the cioMAUCins re'Viewed
was a caper cmiticd "The Rosweil Evenu" edited by Fred Whiting, anti soonsored by the

13
 ?wui ior i.JrO RaeaiU11FUFOR). ..!.J~ It was not me en~ intc:mcn to ccui!llem
on wl131 ccunn:: cui lWUlCn mtc:m==: or c•1imcc tn11 otner tlcrscns su=.cscaiv saili.
this ;tanicuiar ciconnem was ciilic':::t Der=t"sc it containeD acmai ~ of appaztmly
autnem!C swam affidavits rccciveci from a nwneer oi tlcrscns wito ciaimcri to nave same
knaw•cri¥= ci the .R.osweii event. Althcu¥n mauy of rlte persons wile provicicri these
affidavits to tile FUFOR re=arcilcrs aiso exm esstU opiDians tilat tC:r tilongitt then: was
somermng exuazeu esaw about this inaacm a zzuzzzj,er oi them annaily dcsnmcli
rnncrWs thai SCWJ.ri=i sus¢cicusiy like wr=i:age from ilalloons. The= inrimicli the
follcw1ng:

Jesse A. Marc=i.. MD (son of the ia.te MaJor Jesse Man::t 11 years oid at the time of the
inciricntl. Affidavit dated May 6, 1991. " .. !hereweretm:=c:azego•ies of debris: a
thick. foii lik&: m=ailic gray snDsrance· a i:lrittie. brownisil-blaclc piasl:ic-iikc material lik&:
Bakeiire· ami tb='e were iragmcms oi wiw a.pp=n:ci to be 1-beams. On the inner surii=
oi the 1-beam. tiler: appear=i to be a type of~ This W1itin¥ was a purpie-vioiet
hue. a.tlli it lwi an etnilosscri a;~p=rancc.. The ligures were comnoscli of c:urved.
-2ccmr=:tc siwlcs. It ha.a no rcsc:mciancc to Rnsnan Jananes: . or mv. otiler tbrcism
-
:an~c. It r:semilied hi=;typiuc:s. cut :t i1a.ci no an:imai-iikc ~--·· ··

Loretta Proctor 1former neighbor oi raru:il:r W.W. Braz:il. Afficia.vit ciateri May 5, !991 .
=
." ..El2Zl:l to my raru:n ami shewed n:y husbana anci me a pic= of matcriai he saici
came irom a larg: pile of c:bris on tile property he managcri. The pic= he brcugin was
brown in ccior. simiiar to ;:!astir.•• '!.W:' s:Uci the ctilcr mm::riai en the llft'PcrtY looked
like aiumjmtm foil. It was very t1cxiblc am: wouidn't aush or bum. Then: was also
scmcmmg he cicsaiDcci as tatlc whicil haci ~ni:uting en it. The coior oithc printing was a
kinci of purpic. .. " .

Bessie :arazci Sc:hr:ii:ler td:wgincr cfWW. Brazct 14 years old at the time cithc
:ncicic.'lt 1. .-\ffida.vit dated :5ectc:mccr 2:.. 1993. ." ..The cici:lris iociccd like oicces of a large
oailcon which hari bunt. ::~e pt= were :nwL tne 1~ i rcm=Dcr m~.::; ::bout
:he same as the ciiamctcr ox a baskcti:lall. Most of it was a .icind of dcuelc-sicicci mau:r-.ai.
ioil-like on one side anci ruiJi:ler-iike on tile ether. Beth sicies were gnyish siiver in cclcr.
the fcii more siivcry than ti,e rubber. Sticks. like Ieite sticks. were amrncri to some of the
pieces With a wilitisil ta;~c. The ta;~e was at. cut two or three incilcs wide anci had ilcwer-
lilce cicsigns on it. The 'flowers' were faint. a variety oi pasmi colors. ami rcminried zr.e oi
Jil"'"MC paintings in whict the ilcwcrs arc not all c:onnccrcri I do not rcc:aii any otiler
types of mw:riai or ltl3ricinl;s. nor tic I rcmcmi:!er sccmg gcu~ in the grcurui or any
• other si~ that ~ may llave hit the grDUZIIi bani. The foil-rubber mmrial ccuiti not
be tom iikc 01"liUwy ajumirum foil can i:lc tom. .. "

Sally SLricidanci Tadoiini in:igilbor ciWW Braze: nine years aid in 1947). Affidavit
" . -, ..•. '993 i:lffi I. --....··1 still ...,_,_
aatea ~cptcmcer • . ... ...,,_ . .
~nat -: s..cwea us was a ~lie= ct wmu. ........., as
fabric. lt was scmcthin~~:- iike aiuminum foil scmetilin2- iikc satin. scmctilin2 iikc well-
-
tanncc i~er in its toullhncss..
- Yet .
. was not orccisciv . like mv. one of those matcriais. .. 11

1~
 was acom tn: tilicimM' oi verv rine icitisian g~ove s=tn= :ma ~ :.::.ii mc:llliic '!'":t'l!sn siiver.
one stci: ~ aaric=r man tne otncr. i ::o not rcn=mcr lt ilavtng anv a~s;m or
emilossmg on it..."

Robert .R.. Porter IB-29 flight E:lginc:r stmeneci at Rosweii in i 9471 ...\.jidavit cWeci
June i. !991.. " .. On this occwon.l was a mcnmer of the crew wilich ilew cans ofwilat
we W~tcld was a flying saucer to Fort Worth. The peopie on coarti inciuacd •.zuiMaj
Jesse Marc:i. Cam. . William E.. .o\.rui:r:on sam it was ircm a iivinsz
. - saucer. After we
arriveC.. the smaciai was trmSii:rrea tc a B-25. I was toid they w~ going to Wrigin
Field in Dayton. Ohio. r was IIIVDiveci in ioaaing til: B-29 wim til: matcnai. which was
w1appeci in pamgcs wim.~mg paper. One of the !'i== was triangie-snac=i. about
:; 112 fc:t aaass the bottom. The rest were in smaii ~acngcs abom tile size of a shoe
box. The brmm paper was ileld with Wlc:. The mmriai was tJWemeiy iigilnYeigilt.
When i pici:=i it up, it was just like pici:in; up an~ pa~ We loaaea the tziaz¥.:
silacen oacnge ami three shoe cox-sized o~es into the pianc:. All of the !lllmgcs
couid have tit into the UUIIX of a car. ... When we came i::J:uX ircm iuncn. they toid us they
had tr.msiCTt:O the mmcriai to a B-25. Tney toid us the mmcriai was a weatner i::Jailoon.
:JUt i':;; Ccrtam It wasn· t a Weatner Dailoon... ·•

ln aCcllUOn tO thOSe J'C:."Sons ail'JVC still living wile CWm tO OaVe Set:n or e:t3mlnCQ the
.ariginai lll31criai founa on the Brazci R.ancn. there is one adtiitionai person who was
univcrsaily ac:imcwiedged to h:lve i::Jeen lliYOiveci in its rectlVt:ry, Sheridan Cavitt. Lt CoL
USAF. (Ret) . Cavin is c:r=iited in all claims of having aC' ''tn!>ani=i Major Marcei to the
rancit to reccver the debris.. sometimes aiong With his Counte:r Intelligence Co~s (CIC)
suilordinatc:. William Rickett. who. like Man:cL is tlece:tSed A.ltiJcugi1 ~ aces not
appc::r to be much dis!nlte that Cavin was invo1ved in the mmriai rcctlVt:fY, other c:iaims
about him prevail in the popuial· literature. He !s sometimes !lOmaycd as a ciosed-mautil
(or sometimes even sinisten consmnnor who was one of the =riy intiividuais who kt:!'t
:he .. ~~= ofRosweil" from ge:ung out. Othertilings about iUm have oe:n aile~=i.
mc:iuciing tne c!::im tnat ne wrore a r:Dort of the mcdent at tnc time :::::.: !:::::.:: :::v~
sut"'ace:..

Since Lt Col Cavitt. who had fim-iwui knowit:tlge, was still alive. a decision was maci: to
imt:rVlcw him anti get a signcti sworn nncmem from him about his version of the evems.
Prior to the interview. the Scc:rcwy of the Air Force provitied him with a written
authorimion anti waiver to tiiscuss classified in:omwion with the interviewer ami reiease
him irom anv scc:rity oath he may have Ween. ::iubseauemiy, Cavitt wu interviewai on
• May 24, 1994, at Dis home:. Ca·.itt provided a s'gm:Q. sworn statement (Atci117) of his
reeciieaiDT!s in this maner. He aiso consented tc having the interview upe-rccorcieci. A
t141llSCl"p't of thai reccrtiing is at Atch 18. In this interview. Cavin reimd that he lwt bem
:omaaeci on numerous ocasions by UFO researcncrs anti had wiiiingiy taiked with mmy
oi- mc::n:
• nowever
. ....1- : ...:.t
l t.z
.. he h--' ft . . . -' '---' his cuumn '"5
~ o e:rm:mcs ceen rrns:re;m=emm or~

taken out of comet so that their true meaning was cilacged. He stateti uncaUivocaiiy,
however. ti".3I the ma:eriai he m:overen consisted of a ret1ectivc sort of tnateriai like
aluminum foiL anti some thin. bamboo-iike sncks. He thougm at the time:. and continued

!S
to cic so waay. tim wim ile iclma was a weaw:r to!HoOD ami ilas Ullli otila' amite
:-~tim. Hcaiso te:lldmlierea Mciinq a SDJiii "black boX' typeoiinsa•••••t'''
wiJicil he thm•gin at tile time was prccailiy a rnriiosomic. Lt Col Cavitt aiso rcv~ewai me
fllmcus .Ramc:y!Marcci photc~ils i Atch 16) of me wreciagc Ukm te Ft. Wonll (oilm
cjajmeri by UFO r==rcilc:sto nave De= swit.checi ana the id$ 11 &!!IS cia bailaan
suDstitutcl:i fer it) and he icicmiiicci the mmriais ciepiacci in those pilotes as crmsincnr .
'Nith the mm:riais that he rccavercci from the r.mci1. Lt Col Cavitt atsa StliXcci that he h&li
never uan IIDY oam or sigm:ci ltly agm me111 mn te ta.ik abom: Ulis inciricnr ami h&ci aenr ·
be= till ea " ,; by anyone in the gcvemmem be •" f of it. He ciid 110t evaz icnaw the
""inciriem'' WU ciaimeci tO be myti1ing 1Jmtsnaj umii he WU imcrvieweci in the early
1980's.

Simii.ariy, Irving Newron. Major. USAF, (Ret) was locareri anci imc:vieweci. NeMOD wu
a wcmlu:r effie=' nssigncci to Fort Worth. who wu on dutY wilED the R.osweii debris wu
scm there in Julv,. i 947. He was told that he wu w reoort . to Gemni RameY's . oiiic= m
view the mm:riai. In a signeQ. sworn statemem iAtch 30) Newton reWed that ." ..I
wailceQ inlD the Gc=ni' s office ~-n~ this ~osei flying sauczr was iying all overUse
iloor. .A.s soon as i saw iL I giggicci and as= if that was me il~ saucer...! tolci them·
that tnis was a balloon anci a .RAWIN target.•• " ~ewwn aiso sw.cci that . " .. ·.viilie I was
~ the debris. Major Marcel was pic:Xing up piec:s oi the target sticia ami tryillg
to convince me tbat some notations on the sticics ~ aiien ~ th~ were ligures
on the mr:la.. la.veruicr or pink in coior. appearcci to be wcmlu:r i3dcd. maricings. 'Nith no
rhyme or rcuon (s:c). He did not convince me that these were alitD wri1:ings.·· Newtem
conciuried bis snvemenr by re!•ting that." ..Durin; the ensuing yean I haw be=
intcrvicwcci by many awhcrs. I have bCED quoted ami misqwneci. The &as r=min as
inciicared above. I wu not inf!nen=d during the origizlai imcrview, nor tociav, to provicie
azmhin11: cut wim I know to be uue.. that is. the maziai I saw in Gcncrai R.a.-nev' s offi=
~the-remains at a balloon ana a RAWIN ~" · ·

Balloon Rcsean:i1
The onginai rasicinr; from GAO noted that the scarcri for information inciud~ "wealilcr
balloons.~ Commcms aileut balloons ami saicty 1epo1 ts have aircady be= matie.. hawfta'
theSAF/AAZ rese:ucil effortS atsa focused on reviewing hisulricai reccnis involving
-
balloons. since. amort!!: other r=sons. that wa.s what was officiallv. claimed bv. the AAF to
have been founa and r=:avercci in 1'147.

As eariy as February 2!, 1994, the AAZD researcn tc:m ioumi rcf:n:ncl:s to l::alloon tests
Wcing pia= at Alamogordo AAF (now Holloman AFB) ami White Sands riwing JWIIIIDii
July 1947, testing "CODSWJtlevei balloons" ami a New York University (NYtJ)/WitiOD
-
Labs effim that used " ...m=enrtlioszicai devices ... susoeccci
.
fer dt1e 1jog;- shock waves
generated by Soviet m1c;l=r Clqlinsions" -a possible indication of a cover sa:cny assnrimrl
with the NYU balloon project. Sub~ucmiy. a i946 HQ AMC mcmcrancium was
surfaceti.. describing the constant altitude balloon projca ami spccriicd that the scienrific
data be classiiicci TOP SECRET Priority lA. Its name was Projca Mogul CAtch 19).

16
Pro,ect Mo@Ui wu a. Iilczz-semisive. ciassiiic:i n~ wilose Wl!lOSC was ID a= .. ....,.
the suw: oi Soviet m'Ciel!r WCIIIlOnS I ddllc:iL This was me =riv Cold. war nerioci ami
there was seriaus con• f'n.witizia tile US gavw•••••w•• aDaut the Sovicrs cieveio~ a
weaoouiz::=i atomic d:vic:. Because me Soviet Union's bani= were c:icscri the US
Gov~ nwenr 50UPt to cicveio!l a ion~ ~ nncit!Z' ~iosiOD cimcrinn ~ty. Lang
r.mgc. baiioOJl-Oome. low ~ acmsric cic:recricm was llCsc:i tO Gcm:rai Sp~ m
1945 by Dr. Maurice Ewin¥ of CohuuiP.a Univl:n:ity as a pat=W sobnicm (amm~il=ic
oncring of low li"tqutDcy pn:ssure waws iwi btas m•ciic:i as early as 1900).

As pan oi the ttseatcil ima this mm:r. AAZD p=somu:i ioca=i ami obWDcci the
origiua.i swaypapcn and u:puns of the New York UDM:siry ptujtcL l"lu:ir-monuiso
r~ thal same of the imiiviciuais involved in Project Mo@Ui ~ sDillivin~ These
p=suns incb•citd the NYU conmm atrimcie balloon Ditraar ofR.eseatciJ:. Dr. A rbt!STl"' .
F. Spilhms· tht P1 ojea Engineer. Prof=sor Charits B. Moore; and the miliwy Projea
Offic:r. Colonti Albtn C. Trakawsici .

All of thtst ll=sans ~ sunsroucmiv tnttmewai ami sig:nci swam suw:mtmS abOUt.
:ncr aaMtics. A CODY . . ot' thrscs swemcms 1m lmllemlrQ
.. at A1Ci1 lO-:Z::.. AdditiODaiiv,
.
cr.msc:rt;n3 oi the imerview with Moore ami Trakawsici am aiso inciucic:i {equipment
maiiuncuancci during the imcmew of Spilbausl (.Atcb .23-:4). These interviews CO"mu"'-""meu"'"'"·
that .Project Mogui wan ccnman:mcmtd.. stiiSUivc men. The NYU grcun was
rcsponsiDle for citvt!oping ccnswn leva balloons ami ttlcm=ering cquipm=n that wouici
r=mUn 11 sp11 ilicri alrjmcics (within the acoustic duct) while a group ircm Columbia wu
to cievciop accustic s=sors. Doctor SpilhmJS Prafessor Moore. and c:cnain others of the
group were aware of the aaual purpose of tbe prujtcL but tt=y ciid not iaiDw of the
project nickname 11 the time. They iwuiltli casnat inquiries mor sc:icnriiic.
inquiri=illapcrs in tcnns of"unciamn'=li mcrearalogjcai or baiiocm tcscatc:iL" ~twiy.
hircQ ~iayees ~not nwi1: aware that there was anvt~ speciai or ciassiDcd abDUI
their woric: th~- were told oniv. that their woric deait with mcteOI'Diosricai
- eauinm=n.
..

.~ acivanc:c ground tt3m. led by Albrn ~-Crary, prec=i:d the NYU grcun to
Alamogorcio AM. New Mcxicc. setting up grt7WIIi scnst~rs anci obtaining Jilciiitics ior the
NYU ~· Upon their arrival Professor Moore and Ius team CXll=ilnemcci with various
ccmiigumions ofncopitue balloons; dcveiopmcm ofbaiioon "trai:ns" (sec iilusuarian.
Atci125); a'U' ili!Hiic ballasr syst• ms; am2 usc of Naval. S·:lnoinloys (as the Watson Lab
acousricai s=sors iwi not yet arrived). They also immcncd wbat tiley cai1cd "scmcc
flights." These ·•service ilights" were not ioggtci nor fully acc:cumed for in the publisbtd
Tec!mical ReputtS gnna&aias a result aftbe CWIUacttctWttDNYU ami Watson Labs.
Acccniing to Pruftssut Moore. the "srmce flights" were compuseci ofbaiioons. radar
rd1ecturs and ~oads s;'eciiical!y desigDai to test acnnstic s• "'"'rl (botb eariy
sonobucys and the .lattr Wwan Labs devices). The "payioaci equipmcm" was cxr:'tnciable
ami some c:::ritli no "R.EWARDw or "RETURN TO..•" tags o...,..,,e there wu to be 110
association be1weea these ili¥lns and the loggtli conmm altiauie ill~ wilich were fully
a.cialowicdgtd.. The NYU balloon r1ights were listeci s~ in their rf1!0riS (i.e.,

17
 .a l.5.6.i,8.10 ... ) yet gaps mvea icrFlights.l-4 IDI1FliiiJt:t. Tnesmcm~
Pt ofessor Moan: inriicarc:ci U:at tn=e ~s wm: me wucgpc "semcc iii-"
- -
Profc:ssar Moore. tile an-scc:u: Project Engineer. g:a:ve cienriied iniw•••a•ian •>•••• uiugms
team's effin ts. He recaiic:d Ulat ra.dar ~ wm: usee fer nciiny i:JalloDDS il• Bit'§ I =r
did not have ail the ne eosary eq\,lipiii! m wilc:a they 1irst arriveC in New Mrxim Soma oi
the early d.r:veiof''''f''''; raciarurgc:s were "'''"'•irn••=i by a cay or ucweiry onaapiiiJ.
These.wpa "MR macie up of alumiliiim "foil" or iaii-bacicrri ~. Dais& wooci b • •
tha wenrco!!fu in an "Elmer' s-type" glue to ,;,nee W:ir &imability, acrme mdt'or ciodl
I c:iiifuz Qag ta;JC. sin8ic su2llli and br2icicci nyiDD twiDe, bnlss C')i aets IIIIi swivels to Unt a
mWti·facai teJer:ar samewim sinriiariD o•"ii'''rri"" to a bazkite(seepilatag~a:tWst.
Atch 26). Same ofth=c wgw wm: aisa assezniried with purpiisb-!JiJlk llqlC with
symbols on it (see drawing by Moure with A1cb 21).

Accc~ to the log summary (Atch 2i) of the NYU gi'OU!2. .Flight A thrcugil.Flight 7
(Novetailer lO. 1946-July 2. 1947) were 11Wie witil neopu:w;: m= uologicai ballo""" (as
oppos=i to tile llw:r t1i¢ns malic with poiyedlyiew;: ilallacmsl. Px ofesscr Moore m=L
that tne nc:op1 mr ilailcons were suscczniblc to ~ in tile swliight. tunling iram a
milicv wilite to a ciark brown. He descriilei finding tt"!Hil'i oi balloon a2iDs with
rCieacrs and payioads that iwi Iande:! in the ci=cn: the rupmreci ami shreOciei nc:op1mr
wouid "almcst iook like daric gray or black fiala:s or asiu:s mer~ to the sun icr
- olliy a iew aays. The pianicizm and anrimiriants in the neop1mr wauid emit a pemfiar
aam odor arui the balloon m.au:ri.ai and ra.ciar target mmriai wouid be $cauered after
retiiiuing to emil~ on the sun3= wiDds.." Upoa review of the locai nc.wS!'IJifl'
phoi~ils frcm Gcueni Ramey's press o wi:1 azc: in 1947 ami cie:saiptions in popular
book£ by iJUiiviciuals who ~osediy hmdlecf the c:iebris recawreC Oil t.'lc J'lUICil. .Pi' .tfi' u
Moore opined that the mau:nai was most liJa:iy the silredded u "•ajue of a mllili-ntOt_JZe::e
balloon tram with muitiple tatiar rCie:ors.. The mm:riai and a "black cox." described by
Cavitt. was. .n Moore's sciemmc opinion. most -prci:Jably from .Flight 4. a "servia: fiight"
:!-..31 i.":ci:.::ie:i a cyiiruiricai mc1lli sonoiluoy ami oortions oi a waziu:r in::trument ilousei in
a box. wilich was uniike typicai weatiler radiascnuies which were mane •Jl c:arailoani.
Addition.aily, a capy oi a proicssionai joumai majmained at tile time Dy A.P. Cl'3l'Y,
provicieci to t:te Air Fore: ay his widow. showed that Flight 4 was i.aum".iled en june 4,
1947. but was not rcccm:reO 0)' the NYU group. It is vay prai:Jab1e ~ this TOP
SECRET pm,ect bailaon train {flight 4), !mid: up ofnnciassifiei ccmpouems: came to
rest some m4es nanhwest of Roswell. NM. became shn:ddcci in the suNc= winds Iiiii V.'IS
n!tjmarety foumi by the ranch:r. Bi3Zd. ten days llw:r. This ponihiliry was suppuueci by
theobsc:rvuiaus of Lt Col Cavin (Atch 17-18). theoniy living ~=to theacmai
debris field ami the mau:rial found.. Lt Col Cavin de:sailiei a sm:aii an:s. of debris wilicb
appemd.. "to resffllthle bamboo type~ sticks one quanerto one baifinch square. that
were very ligilt. as well as some sor1 of mc:Wlic n:dr:cring 1113%Cliai that was also very light
.. 1 mnemiler n:cognizing this material as beiq consi,.em with a Wdllh:r balloon."

Conceming the initial announccnem. "RAAF CaptureS Flying Disc." reseaxch faileci to
loczte any cioc:wnemeci evidence as to wily tlw StaUmem was rrwic.. However. on July

IS
 l 0. 1947. f~ tile .i:Uzm:v pr=! ccmi:zeucc. Ule Alamo~ i'l.CWS P''U"WQ.l &io4
a.mci: with pnata@tii¢LS cicmcnszrmm; mmri:cie balloons ami ~ at tile same io• "jon
as tile NYU ~ cp~ from ax Alamc~crac A,A.f. Proi=scr Moore exuu:ss=i
surprise 11 se=ing ti:lis sin= cis. was tiu: oniy balloon test ~ in the llCL He srmri ~­
appcan that there was some type of umim:il.a. cover story to protec: cur wcric: with
Mogui." .~the Air Force ciid net fuui doM!memea cvicieuce that Gen. Ramey wu
dir==i ra espouse a weuiler balloon in .ilis press u "'re cua:..lu: may have cicme so
b.....,!S!.lu: wu e:ill=r ~ ofP~cct Mogui ana wu aying to deflccr ime'= from it. CL.
he reaGily peceio= the mm:riai to be a weatDer DailcCD basea CD the idemx'icmcm ircmr'·
his weati= cificc:. Irvin~ Newton. In eiUzer case. the matc:iais recave"eli by the AAF in
July, 1947. werncueaailyreco~nteu~spec:iai(caiythepurposewu
speci:i) ami the n=cavereci debris itseifwu unclassified .Addirionajiy, tile pr=s cixuppui-
itS inte:eat in th: nmtr:r IS quicidy IS U1ey had jum;~eci en it. Heucc. there would be nu ·
pwcuiar reasan to further tiocumem wi1a1 quicicly became a "ncm-evau."

The interview with Co1onei Trakawsici {Ale 23-Z4) aisc proveci valuable iniormarian.
Trakcwsici provicicci mecmc cictaiis on Project Mogui and descrmcci how the scazrir:v far
the crogram was set uc. IS ile was formr:riy the TOP SECP.:ET Comrul Oflic:r tbr tile ··
program. He funl1cr mau:a that mauv of the anginal nular ~that were prociucei
around the erui of World War II were wmc:azcci by toy or noveity ccmpmlics using a
purpiish-pinit tape with flower and hem symbols on it. Tnl:owsici also reccumed a
cmm:rsation that he w with his friend. ana superior miiiwy officer m his ci1ain of
command Colonci Man:eilusDufi'y, in July, 1947. Dutfy, funm:riy had Trakowsici's
position on Me~ but ha.Q suhsequcmly bcea tr.UJ.Si'en'eQ tc Wri!ht Ficici. He saw:d:
." .. Colonel Duffy called me on the tcie;llla= from Wrigilt Field ami gave me a stOrY about
a fellow that ha.ci came in from New Mmco woke him up i.'l the micidlc of the night or
some such thing with a hanrifi!l of debris. and wam=i him. Colonci Duffy, to idemify it.
...He just saici 'it sure looks like some of the snmycu·ve bcea iatmc:jljng at Alamogordo'
a1;d he cicsamcd it. ami I said 'yes. I think it is.· CcrWniy Colonci Duffy knew~
a~~ou~ r.uiar targC'.S. ~osonaes. b:illoon-oome weatilcr cicvices. He was imimaleiy
familiar with all that apparams. ··

A>Wn;lts were marie to ioc:atc Colonci Duff:t but it was a.sccrwncci that he had died. Eis
w;Gow ex;-iaincci that. althou~ he lwi mwscci a ~ a:mmnt of pmonai papers rei" jug
tc his Air Force activities. she had J'CCeltiy disposed of these items. I.ila:wisc. it was
leJmcd that A.2. Crary was also deceased· however his surviving spause had a number of
hii papers from his balloon tr:stin~ days. incWriin; his pr urieujnMi joumat front th: period
in quesriun She provided tiu: Air Force r==n:i1ers with thi: mau:riai. It is c!isamrri in
more detail within Atch 32. Ovenll.. it helps fill in gaps of the Mogut story.

During the period the Air Force conriuacd this rescarcil.. it was r:iisccvered that scwn.l
others iwi also ri.isc:cvcred the possibility that the "Rosweil Incjcjem'' may have be=
gcneatcci by the r=:overy of a Projec: Mogw bailcon cicvicc. These p::.c!!S included
Professor Charles B. Moore. Raben Todd. and coincidemally, Karl Pflocic. a rcsearciu:r
who is married to a staffer who worics for Congn:ssrnm Schifi: Some of these pczscms

1~
prcMciai '"Silf*' i• "•• as to witere cionnnenminn ~ be ioc:z=i in vanaus azwws.
hi.mmes IDiilibimes.. A review oiFr=acm oiinfiuwmgn Act tFOIA) r=ucszs rcYI:Iiai
that Robc::n Todd. panU:Wariy, had become awm: oi Project Mogui severai years 1¥0 mi
lwi dogcciiy oi:u:aiu=i from tile Air Fen::. tbrougi1 the FOIA. a iarge amaum oimatctiai.
pawning to it: long ilefore tile AAZD resean:il::s ~ seiz=i on the sam:
possiliilicy.

Mast ~. as 1his report wu i:leing wria=. Pflock ;n•aiisbd'i his own •epon of
this mm=-umicrme "''!'ices ofFUFOR. emit!d'i "Rosweil inPaspcaive"' (1994).
Pflock cominrld'i frcm iUs n:swcil that tile Brazz:i lUmi1 debris origiuailv 1eponed u a
"tl)ing ciisc" wu ~ly debris frcm a Ma@Ui balloou: hawewr. there was a
SiunJjf3DdNJ inririrm that flc::mreci DQt J3r ~~ that canseci aJl aiicrl c::azl to crasil aml
that the AAF ~ recoverea three aiica aoclies tilerdi"am. Air Force tesealc:ii cilii
not locau: my imbtuwion to corrobome thal this incredible arincirience oc:c:mi.
b.avteYd".

In oraer to provide a more tiaaiied dismssion of the :mecmcs of Project MogW ami haw
it app=rcci to be ciircctiv remonsiDie for the "Rosweii Incident " a SAFI AAZJ:J rcscan:i=r
p~ a more oaaiied riisnnsion on tile balloon DfOJect wilici1 is aopencied to this
re;wn as Atch 32.

Other Researdl
In the aa~ to dc:veiop aciditionai iniormaDan that could hd;J ~iain this mmer. a
IIUU1ber of other ste;~S wet"e ukm. Ftm. assimnc: was n:questcei from various mazsenm
IDCi other arc:i1ives iAlch 2!) to obtain iniwwarion ami/or ""'"l'ies of the aaua1 balloons
ami radar ars=s used in cozmcc:Dcn with Project Mogui and to corrcWe them with the
vu:cus de:scziprions.of wrec:agc and m:aeriais n:coverm. The biue;ltitus fer me "Pilot
Balm on T~ ML307C/AP Assembly" (geaerically, the raaar ~ usemillv) were
loa.ted at the Army Signai Corps Museum at Fort Monmouth ami obtained. ,-. CCJ'Y is
app~aed as Ata12:l rnis i:liuepnnr crovities the S!JcC......ricr. tbr the foii rrw:criai tatlC:.
0

wor>ci. eyeicrs. anci string used anci the ass.,..;,iy inmuaions ther=o. An aau::.i device
was aiso oin:aizzcci fa muiy with the assimmce of Professor Moore. (The =!!mpie
aca-.aliy pronzrca was a 1953~ mmicl "C'" au:omp:aeci to the Mndel B
whi':h was iu usc in 1947. Professor Moore reiueU the ci&rm wen: minot). An
en Iii inarion oi this cievice rcveaiai it to be simpiy made of aJurnjmaa-colored foil-like
mu'!rial over a ~ p~qJer-like mm:rial.. amcbed to baisa. wood sti'*" affi.teci with
tape, giue. Z!mi twine. When cpen=i. the device appe:m IS ddliaeci in Atch 3:
(~pbata) and AU:h 2S (1947 pbatc. in a "balloon tr.lill"). When ioided. the
device is ill a series of triangies. the lari= being four ie= by two feet ten inches. The
smallest aiangie sec:zian measures two feet by two fc:cue:a inches (COIJI!'»ewith
desctipri.:ms provided by Lt Col Cavin and others. as wen IS photos of~).

Additionally, the n:sem:!1e:rs obtained from the Archives of the Unive:rsilv oiTexas-
Ariington iUTA). aser of original (i.e. first gdldarian) pritus of the photognqlils t.akmat
the time aythe Fgq Wonb Star-Telfi!Am, that depic=i Ramey and Marcci with the

20
·,nrnw= ...~.. c:csc revteW oi m::2 onctOs ta.zm a set of fult Ji'ClCaw:m n::::... ·,= atsa
rucseauczmv octail=i from u'TA) r~ seY'Iift1 inre:mzg ooscrvmans. . ::::r.. ~
:n scm: oi the iiwme ck:i a.ilove.. Marc:: aiiegmiv ~ tbn·ne iwi ills :::ilam ~
-.wn the ··re:1·· t."FF wrec:iclw= ami th:::1 it wu sui.sem•emiy 1euuveci ami the wcaziu:
balloon~ rui:Jstinnt:n fer it. a. ccnwmi.son silowl tilat til: same Witi I''!"
J.PP=reli in the ;~ilams oiMarc= ami iUmcy. Tiu: pilatm aiso ac;ri=cri that Ulls maww
. - an wiurt au.~eased to De some san af ~"'
\JIU i'vimr -·~p~r~- ~ ,., '''''i''H'' wRi1 ai5dzvit
e::mrot oi crew c:izi=fPcm:r. a.ilave 1. It was aiso na=i that in til= twa phatcs ot"Ranzy
he iw:i a me= oi l'3P=' in his iwui. In one. it wa icldcd aw:r so no~ ccuid be sc=..
I:n the 'camri .haM=ver. thc:e ~~=n to cc a= p:iuu:d on the paper. In an artcm:at w
reaci this =ata dt'b'''i''C if it caWd sh=i myiizniz=r iigin anio• a•i••g cias,••aen• rc ia•ing
to this us:a=r. the "Dam wu scm tc a narjmpri Jevei wge••' ea;jnn ior ciigi•izjtt'! ami
suDscauc:a: ~ iuwpit' '' '0" mQ a:aaiysis. This OJ game arion 'WU also asUC tc
scnrtirrize the riigilimi phculs tor anv inciicazicn oithc.t1cwa'cri ~tor "hieragiypnics.
d~ on the IICim oi view• that were~ IC be visiDie IC some ci the pemms
·.>~no ocsc:veC the~ pnor to It !;etiiDl; to ion Wonn. This on;aninrion rclCrteci
on juiv 20. 1994. that ev= ait= cigi•i~in~ u:e oi:lctOs·~ oiimrrfficiem auaiirvto
·,,sua.Uz: ::tiler oithe acwis sou;m fer azwvm.. rnis ci!!'"'W'cm was aoie to cown
:r.c::suremems iTem tile ·· srici:s" >isiDic in ti:le cicmis a1i:r tt was u:cnaiDcri bv zn
:nten'lew of the Orig:in:i tlilDtD~pi:ler Wnat itimi of camt:n nc us=i. T.'1C r=uits Of this
procc:ss ar: provicicri in Atd1.33. aiong Wltil a •cti:teuce liiagram ami ti:c ;mote Ii"cm wilicn
the mcuurcmems ~maCe. .-ill these~ arc co~ie witil the woocicn
mmcriais uscri in the raaar ~ prmousiy dcsamcd.

CONCL::SION

The ."'.ir Fcrce re:cmc: did not ior::u.c or dcveian anv informanon til31 ~he wRoswei!
r ncicie:-.t · wu-a I.JFO ev=~. .!..Jl av31iab!c oDiciai materi:is.. aitlu:l~ tilcy do net directiy
lciarcss .i\.os-w-eti per se. maiC:~t::: tl'~ tn::: mc:st iikelv sc.~-== c£:.1:: wre6a~c ~
::om tnc .a rue: .R.ancn was Ii"cm one of the Pro!ect Mogw i:laiicon tni::s. Althcu;n tiw
;Jro!ect was iOP SEOUIT at tnc time. tilc:re was ai.so no soccmc inciit:;Won fcuna to
uuiiC:~tc 3.11 official p~pianne:1 r:over story was in piace to ~an etent suc:il as that
wilic:ilnjrjmateiy ~peneci.. It ~=n til31 the icicmriicanon ot" the ~c :s i:Jeing pm
of a weaU!cr i:Jalloon cievir:c. :s 1cpcrteci in the newspapers u the time. Was baseci on tile
fact tnU tn=e was no pitysiai difi"crc:nc: in the r.uiat wgcu and the nul~ calloom
(other tlW1 t=le mmmers ami c:omi~ni benveea Mogui balloons auti normai weaW:r
balloons. Addiricmi!y, it seems that there was over-t • •• 1i• •n 0y Celom:! Blanc:imn:i ami
Major Mara:i. in criginaiiv 1eoo1 Ling that a "fiying ciisc" had be= reccrrer=i when. u tim
time. noi:lody for sure icnew wi1at that term ev= meam sine: tile it lwi oniy be= in use fur
a c:cuoic of weeia.

Lilcewisc. there was no inciicarion in official 1a:cx cis from tile ;~ericd that there was
hei!Jhte::eci miiiwy optm~cnai or sc::umy activity wilic:il sncuid haw: ceen gcm:meci if
:his was. in i'z.a.. the first ~ Dt materials amiior ;ldSUIU from another worid. Tile
ooSI-War US :Militarv 1or toaav s fer that mmer: ciid net nave tile c:maililirv to raciciiy
:d:mziv. re:cve:r. c::w••i''3'e cover-uo. ana at::mV u••• ,,,,,,,, 'D'UIJiic: scn.:c:zw oi =· . :n
~ :=:: cWm Ul3t tr.:V aid. so WIUlCUI ~~~ even a uttie cit OI 3. susmecus ::;wcr
:l'3ii. ior 47 vears is incrc:riil.ie..

It shcuui aiso cc not=i ilcre uw tr.cre was iinie mcmcnm in this 1c::crt aDOUI tr.:
:-earn:rv oi the :o-caiicd ~ali= cociic:. ., This is icr scveai 1 '1115" F:m. tr.c ~ I

~ wu 1i'cm a Project Mo~ balloon 11l='e wen: DO "'aiiar"' pan lf'il s ~

Semnniv, the pro-UFO grotUlS wilo ~til= aii= cocics lilcori= CWUDt cven ~
~ tilcmsciwa IS to willt. QOW many, ami wDeft. sw:i1 bociics wen: ~scciiy
recaven=i. A ddirianaiiy, sam= oi thea: ciaizm ilave o=z;silowu to i:Jc brmrrs cven ily
otiscr i.iFO res:oucisets. Thiniiy, wne11 sw:il daims an: zz:u.Qc. ~ IR cni= aariimteri to
p~1c ~ ~ orwno otilcrwlse cia nm wam m i:Jc ~ icicmificri
pr=mnaniv so tim same sort oi mnmman cannm be W= •@~rim mem ·~
:hat nocociv has i:lcea silawn to nave cii=i. cii.mlpt:iieci or atba wase swli::c:i 31 the twm
oi the g0'1a1m riuring the last 47 yearn Fourm. mmv oithe pasuus 1113i:in;the
oi~est c;1ims cf''alicn i:Jociics" rr.:W: their iiving irtnn tile "Rasweii InciriUII ~ "While
::Zvtn~ a commerciai imc:r= in scm~ aces net aw'll. i'iicaiiv mai: it susncct. it liocs
:-:me we CSLWg quemans re1aicc to 3'1!"t' '' •s i• !f. 5ucil ;:c:suus simuid be ~ tc
::rcs:::n tr.=r ev~ciUIC: tnct snecmanonJ tiir=:tiy to tile gcvamuc:m ami cr:Mcie ail
:Jem::::n C:e:aiis arui evicicm:: to support their ciaizm ifhc:n= iaa-rinriing is wim is
....,am=- Lmiv. pasons wi:to have come icrwan:i ana prcvicied their names anti rrwie
-•aims m:IV nave. in gccti faith but in the "fog at' time."' :7"isimeo pla:C em eventS. 'I'M
review of Air force n:aAtis did DOt iocuc :vm om: pic= oi evicicn= to inciicare tilu lhe
Air Fore: iw had my part in an ·'aiicn"' bociy n:caw:y opam:icn or com ij!j!ing CovefoUlJ.

During the course cithis effiltt. :he Air Force has ia:;lt"in ciose tcud1 with the GAO ami
re:mcnC:e:i to tr.cir vancus qucics ana rc:nlCStS tbr assimncc. This zepcrc was gc:1autii
as an omciai r=!'cns= to the GAO. ana to ticcumcm the consil:ici:Die e:Yc.rt apcnricd by
-~ . ·- =~- "" ,;....;,. ;..,;.
···- ..- _ r. 's ~-c·~ 1 ·--
.. - · - - - · · .l.i.-•
1
......... _ ; • ••• Wl····· -·--
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a co-'
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~:m tc ncic icrmuwe :n: iorma.t re:lcrt oi thcr e:Ioru. il 1s rc:amme::~::1 ::-..:Lt tr.is

or anv otner :nawnc.

AttaemliC11tS
:. Washmgron Pg!:t A.rti:!:. "GAO Turns to Alien Turiin New Probe."
Jamwv 14. 1994
" GAO Mane. f ebruart i 5. ! 994
.. . DaDIIG Mane. february 2:!. 1994
~ SA.F/F!v1 Memo. Fe:,ruarv 2-L \994. w1indcrsancnt

..,
-
 ' SAF/AA.Memo. Marcn 1. !994. W/ Man:n 16. 1994 Addr:minm
6. AFIINMema.Marcn 14. 1994
i. AF/SEMema.Marcn 14, 1994
8. SAF/AQLMema..Marcn22.1994
9. AFJXOWP Memo. Marci19. 1994
10. SAF/AAI Mc:ma. Marci110. 1994
11. AFHRA/CC Memo. Man:h 8. 1994
12. AFOSI/HO Memo. May 11. 1994
13. List cfLccarinns ami .Reccnis Searci=i
14. HQ AAF '"lspgnce of Orders." June~. 1947
15. Col'Y cfVanriemq's Appoimm=ti!cck and Diary, July 7-9. 1947
16. July 9, 1947 Phatos ofBallocn Wreciap, Ft Wonh Star Ieleg!a!n
17. Sig=i Sworn Starrmqn of Cavin. May 24. 1994
18. T~ cfCavin Interview, May 24, 1994
19. Lcw:r. July 8, 1946. Project Mcgui
20. Sig=i Sworn Statrm""' cfSpiibaus June .3. 1994
:1. Si~ Sworn StateJDCAU cfMoo~ June t!. 1994
::. Signci Sworn Statrm""' ciTrakowsici. June 2.9. 1994
:.3. Tnmscript of Interview with Moe~ June 8. 1994
X Tr.msc:ript of Interview with Tr.Utowsici. June 29. 1994
..:!. illustration oiProject Mogui "Balloon Trains"
16. Two Photos ofProject Mcgui "Balloon Trains"
J.1. Log Suiliio•ry, NYU Conmm I.evei Balloon Flights
28. List cfMusemm Comacred
29. Col'Y cfB!ueprim for "Pilot Balloon Targ:, ML-J07C/AP Assc:mbiy'
30. Sig=i Swcrn Statement cfNewtcn. July 21. 1994
31. Photos cfML-J07C/AP Device. With Vinta¥e Neopidte Balloon and Debris
32. Sync!'sis of Balloon Research Fmdings by lLT James McAndrew
:3. "\fensurmon Working Paoer. ··With DraWing and Phcto
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 INFORMATION SHEET Prepared by:

Number 78-1 LFF-3/Public Services Branch

Office of External Relations
NASA Headquarters
Washington, DC 20546

UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS

The information contained here has been compiled to respond
to queries on Unidentified Flying Objects directed to the White
House as well as NASA.

NASA is the focal point for answering public inquiries to

the White House relating to UFOs. NASA is not engaged in a re-
search program involving these phenomena, nor is any other govern-
ment agency.

BACKGROUND

In July of 1977, Dr. Frank Press, Director of Science and

Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, wrote to
Dr. Robert A. Frosch, the NASA Administrator, suggesting NASA
should answer all UFO-related mail and also to consider whether
' NASA should conduct an active research program on UFOs. In a
letter dated December 21, 1977, Dr. Frosch agreed that NASA will
continue to respond to UFO-related mail as it has in the past
and, if a new element of hard evidence that UFOs exist is brought
to NASA's attention from a credible source, NASA will analyze the
~nexplained organic or inorganic sample and report its findings.
 4

As a result of these investigations and studies, and ex-

perience gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the

conclusions of the Air Force were: (1) no UFO reported, investi-

gated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any

indication of threat to our national security; (2) there has

been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force

that sightings categorized as "unidentified" represent

technological developments or principles beyond the range of

present day scientific knowledge; and (3) there has been no

evidence indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified"

are extraterrestrial vehicles.

With the termination of Project Blue Book, the Air Force

regulation establishing and controlling the program for investi-

gating and analyzing UFOs was rescinded. All documentation

regarding the former Blue Book investigation has been permanently

transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives

and Records Service, 8th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.IV.,

Washington, DC 20408, and is available for public review and

'analysis. Those wishing to review this material may obtain a

researcher's permit from the National Archives and Record

Service.
 2

Quoting from Dr. Frosch's December 21 letter: " ..• If some

new element of hard evidence is brought to our attention in the

future, it would be entirely appropriate for a NASA laboratory to

analyze and report upon an otherwise unexplained organic or

inorganic sample; we stand ready to respond to any bona fide

physical evidence from credible sources. We intend to leave the

door clearly open for such a possibility.

"We have given considerable thought to the question of what

else the~United States might and should do in the area of UFO

research. There is an absence of tangible or physical evidence

available for thorough laboratory analysis. And, because of

the absence of such evidence, we have not been able to devise a

sound scientific.procedure for investigating these phenomena.

To proceed on a research task without a sound disciplinary

framework and an exploratory technique in mind would be wasteful

and probably unproductive.

"I do not feel that we could mount a research effort with-

out a better starting point than we have been able to ide~tify

thus far. I would therefore propose that NASA take no steps to

establish research in this area or to convene a symposium on

this subject.
 5

Also available:

Scientific Studv of Unidentified Flving Objects. Condon

~epcrt study conducted by the University of Colorado under con-

tract F44620-76-C-0035. Three volumes, 1,465p. 68 plates. Photo-

duplicated hard copies of the official report may be ordered for

$6 per vol~e, $18 the set of three, as AD 680:975, AD 680:976,

and AD 680:977, from the National Technical Information Service,

u.s. Department of Co~erce, Springfield, VA 22151.

Review of Universitv of Colorado Report on Unidentified

Flving Objects. Review of report by a panel of the National

Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 1969, 6p.

?hotoduplicated hard copies may be ordered for $3 as AD 688:541

fro~ the National Technical Information Service, u.s. Department

of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22151.

NASJI. is aware of the many tTFO reports made in recent years.

However, the maj"ori ty of inquiries to NASA concerning UFO sight-

ings address themselves to the reported sightings by astronauts

during Earth orbital and lunar missions and the report by

Presicent Carter-while serving as Governor of Georgia.

---
.•. C··. . -
-~~[ SCIENCC CONFLIC-1

UFO UPDATE
By James Oberg

riction between science and fly- that they "possibly" deserved study. More reports. Pieces of metal picked up near

F ing saucers has generated a bliz-

zard of sparks over the years.
The sides are well defined: Establishment
to the point, only one-quarter of t percent
of the astronomers thought that UFOs
were important enough to warrant their
alleged landing: sites undergo spectro-
scopic examination in well-equipped
laboratories.
scientists traditionally dismiss UFO data personal anention. These are the techniques of science.
as fanciful fiction, while UFO enthusiasts But the poll did nevertheless seem to applied to a subject long regarded as be-
portray themselves as outcast Galileos, bestow some measure of scientific re- yond the fringes of science. But these are
prophets of a new scientific revolution. spectability to this topic, previously ranked the techniques that will produce proof, if
Advocates of Unidentified Aying Ob- among the lunatic fringe. The poll was proofis possible.
jects insist that they are onto some extraor- symptomatic of the changing image of Standards are .now tighter and the
dinary phenomenon unaccountable by UFOs, and the new status of UFO re- experience of UFO investigators greater,
contemporary science. The favorite theory searchers. so that many "unknowns· have dimin-
involves alien spacecraft, but growing After three decades of exuberant if ama- ished. More and more cases have been
splinter groups promote various psychic. teurish fieldwork. furious propagandizing, solved. but always a fraction remain un-
interdimensional. cross-temporal, con- and aimless theorizing. a number of UFO solved. unexplained. unidentified. This
spiratorial, or even more bizarre hy- groups have finally begun to play the residue of unknowns is the basis for UFO
potheses. Whatever it is. UFO enthusiasts game using rules of science. Accepting enthusiasts' hope. Skeptics disagree,
assert. the confirmation of extraterrestrial the burden of proof. they have mounted an saying that inherent limitations in human
'ngs could be a key to the next great impressive scientific program designed to perception. memory, and knowledge will
3kthrough in human knowledge. demonstrate. finally, that UFOs exist. always introduce a small artificial residue
rew could argue such a premise. On a dark hillside in Texas. white- of unknowns.
Early in t977, the wire services reported uniformed men monitor a battery of instru- So what kind of data will stand up to sci-
that astronomers now favor scientific stud- ments, hoping to catch and record the entific standards, not as a leftover residue
ies of UFOs. According to The New York subtle physical effects alleged to accom- of mysteries but as a definitive ust of re-
Times, ·unidentified flying objects should pany UFO visitations. In photographic corded events?
be investigated further. a majority of laboratories across the country, data pro- Laying aside the possibilities that alien
trained astronomical observers said in a cessing specialists analyze computerized ambassadors will land at the White House
survey disclosed recently.· images of alleged UFO photographs, or that the fabled "sPcret captured flying
Closer analysis showed that the private seeking evidence of forgery and potential saucer· will ever be rescued from alleged
pro-UFO survey actually meant that only proof of authenticity. A computerized data governmental oblivion. hard evidence for
one-quarter ot those polled responded base in Chicago prints out pattern analy- the reality and respectability of UFOs must
that UFOs ·certainty" or "probably" de- ses of UFO sightings, seeking a signal come from laboratories now engaged in
served ~:udy, with a few more agreemg behind the noise of thousands of annual scientific research.
The "Project Starlight International"
team. privately but generously funded by
some Texas millionaires, has assembled
an array of instruments that could produce
incontrovertible evidence. They have cam-
eras. radar, spectrometers. magnetome-
ters, radiation sensors. gravitometers. and
a small laser beam to communicate with
extraterrestrials should they happen by.
The Starlight UFO trap has now been in
full operation for nearly three years. New
equipment continues to be added. includ-
ing a radar set and computerized alert
system that automatically telephones vol-
unteer skywatchers 1n the vicinity of a
computed UFO position. The system
works well in drills-but nothing substan-
tive has resulted.
The most exciting recent events have
Spectacular glowing UFO was photographed from a Concorde during 1973 solar eclipse. dealt with a fierce wood t1ck infestation on

28 OMNI oc:r?8
 3

"I wish in no way to indicate that NASA has come to any

conclusion about these phenomena as such; institutionally, we

retain an open mind, a keen sense of scientific curiosity and a

willingness to analyze technical problems within our competence."

Reports of unidentified objects entering United States air

space are of interest to the military as a regular part of

defense surveillance. Beyond that, the U.S. Air Force no longer

investigates reports of UFO sightings.

This was not always the case. On December 17, 1969, the

Secretary of the Air Force announced the termination of Project

Blue Book, the Air Force program for UFO investigation started

in 1947.

The decision to discontinue UFO investigations, the USAF

said, was based on: (1) an evaluation of a report (often called

the Condon Report) prepared by the University of Colorado and

entitled "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" (2)

a review of the University of Colorado report by the National

Academy of Sciences; (3) past UFO studies; and (4) Air Force

experience investigating UFO reports for two decades.

 6

During several space missions NASA astronauts reported

phenomena not immediately explainable. However, in every

instance NASA satisfied itself that what had been observed was

nothing which could be termed abnormal in the space environment.

The air-to-ground tapes of all manned missions are available

at the Johnson Space Center, Houston, for review by the serious

researcher.

On· October 12, 1973, while serving as Governor of Georgia,

Mr. Carter responded to inquiries from the National Investiga-

tions Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) saying that he had

seen a bright, moving object in the sky over Leary, Georgia, in

October of 1969. He said the object was visible for 10 to 12

·.inutes and, at one point, shone as brightly as the Moon. The

-
regional NICAP representative investigated the sighting and

reported there was no evidence to support anything beyond placing

what Mr. Carter saw in NICAP's "unidentified" category. However,

it has been suggested by some students of aerial phenomena that

Mr. Carter may have viewed the Planet Venus which, at certain

times, may appear many times brighter than a star of the first-

magnitude .

•
Since NASA is not engaged in day-to-day UFO research, it

does not review UFO-related articles intended for publication,

evaluate UFO-type spacecraft drawings or accept accounts of

UFO sightings or applications for employment in the field of

~rial phenomena investigation. All such material will be

returned with NASA's thanks to the sender.

 7

A number of universities and scientific organizations have

considered UFO phenomena during periodic meetings and seminars.

In addition, a n~er of private domestic and foreign groups

continue to review UFO sighting reports actively. Some of these

organizations are:

(1) National Investigations Committee on

Aerial Phenomena
John L. Acuff, Director
Suite 23
3535 University Boulevard, West
Kensington, MD 20795
(301) 949-1267

(2) The Committee for the Scientific Investigation

of Claims of the Paranormal
UFO Subcommittee
Robert Sheaffer, Chairman
9805 Mcaillan Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 589-8371

(3) Aerial Phenomena Research Organization

James and Coral Lorenzen, Directors
3910 E. Kleindale Road
Tucson, AZ 85712
(E02) 793-1825

(4) Mutual UFO Network

1~al ter
H. Jl..ndrus, Jr. , Director
103 Old Towne Road
Seguin, TX 78155
(512) 379-9216

(5) 7he Center for UFO Studies

Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Director
924 Chicago Avenue
Evanston, IL 60202
(312) 491-1780

February 1, 1978

US GOVERNMENl PRINTING OFFICE 1978- 261·371 36

courc oe extremely valuaole for tne ennre occurred. Every year until the.: ha;:>pens. threw n1msell into serious investigations of
'1Lrrnan ra-:e. It could be financially reward- the wagerer must pay Klass t"e sum of what were regarded as the "best" classic
Ing tor tne owners of that proof. And it S100 (up to a maxrmum of $1000. aher UFO cases. He chen dug up startling (and
could spell f1nancial ru1n lor one prominent which payments cease but tf.e bet re- ~-· embarrassrng) new evidence but has be-
UFO skeptrc-unless. of course. he was mains in force). ·· · come a panah in UFO circles (Hynek
,. ~delivering the proof. Less than a dozen UFO en::1usiasts refuses to appear together with him, and
'latronal Enquirer, a weekly tabloid have signed up to date. usua!~y on inside Hynek's "UFO bibliography- handout
k . .;aper w1th a circulation in the mil- information that "this year the government porntedly ignores Klass's two books).
lions. has a standmg offer of $1 million for is going to announce UFO contacts .... • With the death of astronomer Donald
·positive proof." The London-based whis• Such predictions have appeared in print Menzel in 1976. Klass has emerged as the
key bonier Gutty Sark. Ltd .. recently un- nearly every year for a quarter of a century. nation's leading UFO skeptic. He spurns
vetled an even bigger prize of one million but people stili seem to believe them. the word ·debunker,· with its connotations
pounds Sterling, or about $1.800.000 at Klass has become a little richer because of knee-jerk dismissals and unorthodox
the present exchange rate. of them. points of view. Instead, Klass attempts to
Lesser awards also are available in the Only one UFO buff has maintained his investigate UFO cases more deeply than
absence of positive proof. The Enquirer bet in force. apparently more for publicity might other researchers who have sub-
annually grants up to $10.000 to witnesses than persuasion. Stanton Friedman makes conscious desire~.to actually find proof of
of a UFO incident judged "most scientifi- a living off his lecture tours proclaiming the extraterrestrial visitors. Concentrating only
cally valuable" by an independent panel of reality of UFOs. and he responded to on the generally acclaimed "best cases.·
UFO specialists (the "Blue-Ribbon Panel,· Klass's needling by formally agreeing to Klass chen has exposed the superficiality
see box). And Gutty Sark has announced the bet a few years ago. of work done by pro-UFO experts.
plans to award£ 1000 to the best-written Additionally, Klass has offered to buy In 1977, he joined with other scientists
essay on the UFO problem. back all copies of his book UFOs Ex- and educators in forming the "Committee
Moreover. a number of London betting plained if events prove his assertions in- for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of
houses have accepted various wagers on correct. But pro-UFO scientist Robert Mc- the Paranormal,· a group that has de-
the imminent visitations of extraterrestrials. Campbell has done Klass one better. He nounced easy acceptance by the public
But the world's most famous ·anti-UFO has offered to buy back copies of his book of allegedly baseless beliefs in astrology.
bet" has been set tanh in the book UFOs UFOiogy from anyone not satisfied with it, the Bermuda Triangle. ESP. ·ancient astro-
Explained. proof or no proof. nauts. • and other .so-called modern myths.
Author Philip J. Klass, a senior editor of Klass heads a small but potent band of
Aviation Week magazine and the nation's Actually, Philip J. Klass already had skeptical investigators called the UFO
leading UFO skeptic. claims he has chal- been setting off multimegaton detonations Subcommittee. At the very least. this
lenged UFO believers "to put their money among the ranks of UFO believers. Miffed group demands the tightening of stan-
where their mouths are." Klass has offered when UFO experts in 1968 ridiculed a seri- dards in so-called scientific UFOiogy. The
to ~•v $10,000 to anyone who agrees to ous (and still tenable) suggestion that level of carelessness of many pro-UFO ex-
·.. if and when certain criteria are met many UFOs were actually ball lightning, perts has markedly declined, so progress
shing that a true UFO visrtation has the by nature combative aviation reporter is being made. 00 I.
'

THESE PEOPLE ARE WATCHING AND WAITING

Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS), 1909 Sherman Suite 207, of gadgets yet assembled to measure UFOs-if only they
Evanston. IL 60201. Self-styled pinnacle of UFO activities, this could find one. Irregular bulletin sent in exchange for cash
small group generally nepends on other groups for data. Dr. donations.
Allen Hynek does the public appearances and lund rarsing, Committee Against UFO Secrecy (CAUS), 191 E. 161st St.,
wh1ie researcher Allan Hendry carries out actual coordination Bronx NY 10451. New offshoot of GSW. this small group is us-
and in-depth investrgation. Two publications: CUFOS ing Freedom of Information suits to extract allegedly secret
Ouarterly Bulletin. $15/yr.: and International UFO Reporter. hypcthetical government "UFO files.· Newsletter $1 0/yr.
S12/yr. 20th Century UFO Bureau. 756 Haddon Avenue, Col-
Aerial Phenomenon Research Organization (APRO), 3910 E. lingswood. NJ 08108. This group. associated with Dr. Carl
Klerndale, Tucson. A2 85712. Among the longest surviving Mcintyre's "20th Century Reformation Hour.- believes that
UFO groups (represented in 50 countries). APRO is held to- some UFOs are angels and signs of the imminent Second
gether by the dedication of its cofounders Jim and Coral Coming. However, other UFOs are sent by Satan to confuse
Lorenzen. who have recently led the group to specialize people 'est they recognize the angels.
•(critrcs say monopolize) in "UFO abduction cases." APAO UFO Subcommittee of the "Committee for the Scientific Inves-
Bulletin. $1 0/yr. lor 12 issues. tigation of Claims of the Paranomnal. • 923 Kensington Avenue,
National investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NI- Buffalo. NY 14215. The first formal organization of UFO skep-
CAP). Suite 2.3. 3535 University Blvd., Kensington MD 20795. tics. who tackle the "best UFO cases· on record, chen with
Another old group, unfortunately in a downhill slide following a spectacular success. much to the dismay of most UFO buffs.
decade of organizational in-fighting. NICAP Bulletin. $10/yr. Reports of activities are included in the Committee publication
Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). 103 Oldtowne Road, Seguin, The Skepaca/lnquirer (formerly Zeretic). $12/yr.
TX 78155. A vigorous, expanding group acting in concert with The National Enquirer's Blue Ribbon Panel of UFO experts
CUFOS. MUFON UFO Journal, $8/yr. (who review "best cases· for cash rewards). Two regular
Ground Saucer Watch (GSW). 13238 North 7th Drive. Phoenix, members (James Harder and Leo Sprinkle) are joined by a
AZ 85029. Highly professional organization (membership by changing cadre of obscure "UFO experts.· including this
··ation only), which applies vigorous scientific standards to year's \'[;liard Armstrong and John L. Warren. More respected
·investigations. Quarterly journal free with membership. UFOiog:sts have declined offers of membership. Send contest
Jject Starlight International (PSI), PO Box 5310, Austin TX entries !O UFO REWARD. National Enquirer. Lantana FL.
78763. Somewhat mystenous organrzation with the best array 33464. All entries will be evaluated.

32 C\1NJ ;~
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f{AF/CC

1. E;u·ly in thC' mornin!J ul 2'/ llt!c; Btl ( .. p,..-uxinLtli.:IY OJOOL), two U!iAF
security pul ice- p;,trol"'e" ~ .. w unu~uo.~l l'iuhts out:;id~ the t..ack gate i!t ,
· RAF t;out.lbridyt!. Thinl..in!J <•n uircnJft miyht huvt! c:rashed or been .. forct::d. ·.
down, they called for pc•·mission to uo
outside the gute: to 1rivel>.Ugi1tC. ...: · ·
The on-duty flight chief •·cspundcd und a 1 f'owed thr:::e ~.et:-c!:~~.-: :~ ;:':-(:- ··
Ceer.J Ull fulll. TJ,., iuJivitJucllS. l'c:j<ut'tf.J. s.::J,jng. it. :.tl'ilnye g}OI+ill!J. Object:
in thcrores.t. The ul.ljct:t WdS desc•·ibed as. beit)y u~~:tal ic: in appearuuce
and .triangular in shc~pe-,. approximJtcly two to. tht't:t' meterSo across.-l'h~· ··.·
base· anq. ilPP:I'OXilll.nely two noet~rs hiyh. It flluminated. the entire· forest.
with·· a white liyht. The object. itst!lf hilda pulsin9. red. light on· top ami.
a bilnk,(sl' of blue I ights und£:rlll:ath. lhe· object. 1~as. hovering:, or· on h:ys.
A~ tht:." p.:s tr.o lmt:n approached the object, it mim~uvered through the-· tt•ee!.-.
and disi!.ppeared. At. thh time· t~ ;,nintdlS on. a near~y fann· went into a.
frenzy.. The object wes bt:iefly l>.iyht!!r.l uppro.x.imatt!lY an. hour later ne~r
the back- gate-. ..., · ·

2. The nt:.xt day, thn:e depression~ 1 1/?N r..lt:ep ont.l 7" in diometer·wt:r·e·,
found where- the uL·J~Ct haJ lleen siglol.,r.J 011 the yrou11r.J. The following
night (29 O!!c 80) tile ur.a was t:h~ckt:d tor· radiation. IJ~ta/~~i.lflmoal·cadin!l:.
of 0.1 mi 11 irocnl~..:n~ wt:r·e rec:orr.J~·.:J ••ith pc:ak n ·di11y~. in the t/rree- de-
J.wession~ illld n,;;n· tile Lt:llter of the tl'idnylc !un•tt:c' lly the dt:prcss.ious ..
A near·by t:n:!~ ·lldd uouJcrate (.05-.07) rtadinys un tho: :>ide of the tr~e
towcrd tit~ dep,·es••ons.

3. Lis lt:r" in the- n tylot a· n:d ~un-1 ike- I ight l-IdS ,,,.,.,. th• uugh the tr.et:.-5.
It nuveu abbut aard pul•~r..l- At one poiatt it app~.,,~d ic throw off glowiaty
particles nnd tt•~·n lll"ul.e :intu five ~C:Piarate whit1· uujects and then dh.-
appean:d. !::•a:edi.:Hely tlltre,tit!!r, tiii'Ct: star-1 il:. ._. ·.n;l·t:ts we:re noticed
in the sky, t~<o objects tu the north and one •-•· ., .. •.outh, all of which
Wt:rt.' abouL 10° ul f lh..: iluo·i,uu. Tlta.: ul.;jc.:ts •·•uvt:• ..... ;J]y iu ~laill"fl ,i .. ~uloa
• movements and displdyt:d •·eu, gret:.-n .:urd blue 1 ighb lite ::~bjects to the
north appeared to L>e ell i pt iLa 1 thruiJ91t an 8-12 pLn-•:r \..... s. They then
tunred to full cin:lt:'S. Th~ objects to the ·north ,-,~··-•.n·ned .in the sky f~;f
an hour or more. Tlot! ollJa.:ct to tht: south was visible for t~<o or thre!!·
hours. and beamed uu_wn a. stream of 1 ight frena time to time. Numerous indivi·
duals, including tl.te unders..igned, ~>itne:::.s.ed the activities irr paragraphs.
2 and 3. ;1

/fJl/4£¥!-
cl:R~ES ~~f;~
-[. Lt Cod , USAF
De!July. Ba5e ColllnunJe:r ·

. ,
 .. - \

AS OF 110600 EST NOV 75

CJCS C0!·!:1Er\TS RE U~O I~~CID::?-:T

(U) CJCS·, at 10 Nov morning briefing, indicatec that when u::o sight-
ings are reported, the :t-..'"!>!CC should ask for temperature gradients in
the area (i.e., £or possible alo=t inversio~s). The CJCS also
g-.Jestioned the advisability of scral!'.bling aircraft against reported
UF'Os.
•
 NMCC
. THE NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER
\~ASHINGTON. D.C. ZO~OI_
.. -::.
B November 1975 -

0600 EST

MEHORANDUM FOR RECORD.

Subject: Unidentified Sightings

1. 0308 EST FONECON from NORAD Command Director: at 0253 EST

Malmstrom AFB Montana received seven radar cuts on the height-
finder radar at altitudes between 9,500' and 15,500'. Simultaneously,
. ground witnesses observ:ed lights in the sky and the sounds of jet
engines similar to jet· fightens. · Cross-tell with FA..~ .revealed
no jet aircraft within lOONM of the sigl;ltings. Radar tracked the.
objects .. over Lewistown, Montana ·at a speed of se-iren (7) knots.
Two F-106 intercepters from the 24th NORAD Region were scrambled
at 0254 EST and became airborne at 0257 EST. At the time of the
• • I •

initial voice. report personnel at· l1almstrom AFB and SAC sites
Kl, .'K3, L3 and L6 were\ reporting lights in the sky acc=panied
·by jet engine· noise. ·
'
2. 0344 EST FONECON, same source': '·
Objects could not be int.::rcepced. Fighters had to maintain a
minimum of 12;~000' because of mountainous terrain. .Sightings ~;;t'
had turned west, increased speed to 150 knots. Two tracks were ~~·
apparent on height·"finder radars 10-12 Nt-1 apart. SAC site K3 .L .
reported sightings bet~·reen 300' and 1,000' while sit~ L-4 reported.-;...::=:
· sightinqs ·5NM NW of tl':.eir position.· Sightings disappeared from ~~=~
radar at position 4650N/10920W at a tracked speed of three (3} ~:::;~
knots . :·-.if
~::=;

§~·
3. At 0440 EST, NMCC intiated contact with the NORAD Command
Director who reported the following: @I
r.:-~:_
0405 EST: Malmstrom receiving intermittent tracks on both ~?:
• search and height-finder radars. SAC site C-1, lONM SE of
Stanford, Montana, reported visua'l sightings of unknown objects~ t~~~:
~:~~
f:::E
0420 EST: Personnel at 4 SAC sites reported observing inter- f.=
cepting F-lOG's arrive in area; sighted objects turned off their
lights upon arrival of interceptors, and back on upon their
departure. ~1-
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0440 EST: SAC site .C-1 still had a visual sighting on objects. ~

4. NORAD stated that Northern Lights will sometimes cause phenomena

such as this on height-finder radars, but their check \~ith weather
services revealed no possibility of Nor~~ern Lights.
i?~
<=.'0:

f23
5. N!·1CC notified Washington FAA at. 0445 EST of the incidents r:.=:::
described above. They.had not received any information prior to ~~;;;
this time. F::::::.
E~~~~

~~
6. 0522 EST.FONECON with NORAD Command Director: At 0405 EST.
SAC Site L-5 observed one object accelerate and climb rapidl~
to a point in altitude where it became indistinguishable from f~i~g:,
the stars. NORAD will. carry this incident as a FADE remaining
UNKNOWN at 0320 EST, .since after that time only
·occurred.

..
I ~ /~
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- . visual sightings

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_....WIU1AN D. BARNES .
. ;
! -Brigadier General,.USA
Deputy Director for
.I Opera tior.s , Nt<ICC ~;;;;;:
[~:::::.
·copy to:
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ALL AREA DESKS

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UFO ANJ>.:::.YSIS
_h_$ OF 132200 EST NOV 75
f~f
~~-;.-
~:--::
(U) In =uture UFO si~htings, the V~ST ~~M Desk Officer will i~itiate ~-
telephone requests to the Senior Duty ot=icer at the -~.. ir Force
(;lobal \~eather Cent-ral (AFGi-i'C) for a tem::>eratu.::::e inve::::sion anah-sis
by ·I-·'
-~

I'· · :
in the vicinity of unusual sightings. The tele?hone res?onse
AFGI-i'C will be followed .,.•ith a priority message. (SOURCE: NMCC
·~~~;
~~R 132035 EST NOV 75)
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'!g~~?i;,~~~~!~;;;,-,,~'f..~~;ii.~~'"';~~!!i,~!f,~~"ii5:';~ii0J.;_;_~~rrr::~~~~iiiii~~~!!!k~'l!!!!¥'!''5'!,ii!;~;;~;-;:,-;,;;;'',~@\\if/((~"j}ffgE)i'JJL!!ft'!!!!!!?lT!!!if!/~i;f{S'f,,,,~~,~~'t-:7iffliJ.!f!§~~Vfjj_f!'~~'''~Ji~
 .N
.. M C C
THE NATIONAL "MILITARY COMMAND CENTER
WASHINGTON. ~.C. 20301 ..

13 November 1975
2035 EST
THE: J::>aNT STA!"P'

1-lE~lOP.A~WU!·l FOR RECORD

Subject: .Requests for Temperature Inversion Analysis

1. LTC Schmidt, representing Air Force Global Heather Central

(AFGWC), visited the NMCC at 131500 EST to discuss arrangements
to ir::plement the procurement of \·leather information aesired
by CJCS, ~hich is the subject of DDO Environmental Services
memo of 13 November 1975. The following agreements with LTC
Sch~idt were reached:

a. The West Hem Desk Officer \vill act as the control

officer for temperature inversion analysis requests initia-
ted by the NMCC. These requests will be made in conjunc-
tion with sightings of unusual phenomenon along the northern
US border.

b. Each telephone request will be serialized, i.e., (TIA *1,

etc.) and directed to the duty officer at AFGWC, autovon
866-16.61- or 271-2586. -· AFGl"lC-\,•ill-· provide the requested
analyses by telephone folloHed up by a priority message.

c. A record of the serialized reguests/responses will be

maintained by the West Hem Desk Officer.

G- _..
L/ ......,/:?'v.._('_
?···c -~ ( c._,..~
-
D. P.OBERTS, JR.
Brigadier General. USMC
Deputy Director f~~
Op~rations, NMCC

Distribution:
J-30
J-31
J-32
J-32A
J-38
DDO
ADDO
eeoc
\\lest Hem Desk
I·J\·J:•lCCS Ops & E:val Di v
 N M.C C-
THE !~ATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER
WASHINGTON. C.C. 203C1

OE3D ::s-r

~~·lORP.NDUH FOR P.!:CORD

Subject: Re:;>ort of U::'O - Cannon J>..FB N~:
.
J Reference: ~~OC Phoneco~ 21055 EST Jan 76
1
;
The followinc information was received from ~he Air Force
O:;>era~ions C~nter at 0555 EST:

"Two UFOs are !""eported nea= the flight lir~e c.t Cannon .F.!'E,
New MeY.ico. Security Police observing ther.; :reported t.he l:!'Os
to be 25 vards in diameter, gold or silver in color ~ith blue
light on top, hole in the micdle and red light on bot.~om. J..ir
Force is checking wi~h radar. -Additionally, checkins weather
inversion Cata ...

"'~rj
!.'1.7 .
C:7-f i/ {Hr.
_.B. l'l~pN
rtear AamJ.ral, US!\
Deputy Direc~or for
Operations, !\r·1CC

--·-· - - - · - - - - - - - "L.
 N r-~~ -c c
THE NATIONAL ;.';JLITARY co:,'.MAND c:::NTER
Vo'AS'-IINGTON. O.C. <:~301

31 Jan~c.::--y 197£
l4 0 0 :SST

HE!>lON'.NDU~l FOR THE RECORD

S~~ject: Uniaenti~ied Flying Object Sighting

j
•
1 1. At 310805 received ohoncon from·l'.FOC: ~lG Lane, CG, 1-.rma;;ent
1J and Development Test Center, Eglin AFE, Florida called a.nc :::eported
a UFO ~ighting £rom 0430 EST to 0600 EST. Security Policemen
1 spotted lights from what they called a UFO near an Eslin radar
1j site.

2. ~::;graphs of the lights _were taken. The Eglin Office o.~·

1 1:-... .:..~;;:.tion has made a press release on the UFO.
1 ..
3. ':'he temperature·inversion analysis i:1dicateC no significant
l• t~?=~=t~re i~version at Eglin AFB at that ti~e. The only
inve:::sion preser.t ~as cue to radiation from the surface to 2500
feet. The Eglin sur:ace condi~ions we=e clear 5kies, visibilitv
4 10-1~ ffiileS, Calm Winds, ShallOW ground fog On the r"J.n\i1ay 1 aric(
• a surface te.l"!lperature of 44 degree F •
·l,
.

1'
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~-~gac~-- ~cl, U-.~
Deputy Di~ctor for ·
l Operations (NMCC)
!
:.. !:·J STRI3D'I'I ON:
DDO
.. J.DDO
eeoc
l·iest Hem
FA
J..FOC
J-30
J-32
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WASHINGTON. -c.C. :;:.::::301
' \<:-~­
30 Ju!v 1976
-----~ O::>·b :::::T

. Sucject: Reports of Unidentified Flying O~jects (UFOs)

•
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i• 1. At a~proximately 0345 EDT, the ~;MCC called to incicate

j
., thev hae =eceived several =e~o=~s cf ~?C's in the vici~itv
-~ of ?ort Ritchie. The following events Slli~~arize the =cuoTts
1 (times are appro>:i.i"isate).
i·•• a. 0130 - Civilians reported a UFO sighting near
1-lt. Airy, !-ld. This info=ation was obtained via a call
j from the r;ational Ae:::onautics Board (?) to the Fort
~
~ Ritchie Military Police.
J'
..•
~ b. 0255 - Two separate patrols frcrn Site R reported
:;• sighting 3 oblong objects with a reddish ti~t. moving
1 east to west. Personnel were located at separate locations
..
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on top of the mountain at Site R .

1'
• c. 0300 - Desk Sgt at Site R v.•ent to the top of t:-.e
Site. R mountain and observed a UFO over the aiW"!lO storage

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area at 100-200 yards altitude.
d. 0345- An Army Police Sgton the way to work at
Site R reported sighting a UFO in the vicinity of Site R.
~
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~ 2. r-~MCC was resuested to have each individual write a
J .-. stst~~ent on the sightings. One indiviCual stcted the object
_,l was about the size of a 2 1/2 ton truck.
-1., 3. Based on a JCS r:oe:norandum, subject: Te.-r.perature Invers:i on
•
1•I A."lalysis, dated 13 No;•enber 197 5, the N!·lCC contac~ea the Air
Force Global Weather Ce:1tral. The Duty Of::icer, LTC O'v"!:RB'!t',
1
..
•-i •
~
=eDo=ted that the Dulles In~ernational ~ir~ort o~se=vctions
sh;·~·ed tv.·o temperature inversions existed at the time of the
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.•"bj ?..eports of Uniaentif-iec !l:;ing O!::j ects (t.::?Os)
i .
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The first exten::e:: from t~e su=face to
1
; alleged sightings.
I 1, 000 feet absolute and the secon::· e:·:istec ::.et·,;een 27,000
and 30,000 feet, a!::solute. He also ~aic t~e a~~cs~~ere
. I
J
/
between 12,000 ana 20,000 feet was ~~a~ily sa~~rste6 with
l7loisture. A hard copy message v.·ill follov:.

~t
1 ,(. )- ~ /:!.'< >"< ~·
. L. J. L~31...:..:~c, J:r .
' Brigadier General, USMC
• '· Deputy Director for
Operations, NMCC
1
.i• DISTRIBUTION:
..l• J-30
~ J-31
~

• J-32
f
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J-33
DDO
1
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J..DDO
eeoc
1
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