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    Object Oriented Programming Concepts in C++ - Studytonight

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    Anagha A S
    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It explains these concepts using the example of human anatomy, with human beings as a class, males and females as subclasses, and individual people as objects. Key points are made about how classes are blueprints that define properties and functions, how inheritance allows subclasses to inherit properties and functions from parent classes, and how polymorphism allows functions to be redefined or overloading. The document also provides technical definitions of these OOP concepts in C++.

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    Object Oriented Programming Concepts in C++ - Studytonight

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    Anagha A S
    133 views6 pages
    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It explains these concepts using the example of human anatomy, with human beings as a class, males and females as subclasses, and individual people as objects. Key points are made about how classes are blueprints that define properties and functions, how inheritance allows subclasses to inherit properties and functions from parent classes, and how polymorphism allows functions to be redefined or overloading. The document also provides technical definitions of these OOP concepts in C++.

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    Object Oriented programming Concepts in C++ _ Studytonight

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    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It explains these concepts using the example of human anatomy, with human beings as a class, males and females as subclasses, and individual people as objects. Key points are made about how classes are blueprints that define properties and functions, how inheritance allows subclasses to inherit properties and functions from parent classes, and how polymorphism allows functions to be redefined or overloading. The document also provides technical definitions of these OOP concepts in C++.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    133 views6 pages

    Object Oriented Programming Concepts in C++ - Studytonight

    Uploaded by

    Anagha A S
    This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It explains these concepts using the example of human anatomy, with human beings as a class, males and females as subclasses, and individual people as objects. Key points are made about how classes are blueprints that define properties and functions, how inheritance allows subclasses to inherit properties and functions from parent classes, and how polymorphism allows functions to be redefined or overloading. The document also provides technical definitions of these OOP concepts in C++.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    (https://www.studytonight.

    com/)
    (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studytonight.app)

    C++ TUTORIALS

    Object Oriented Programming


    Object Oriented programming is a programming style that is associated with the concept of Class, Objects and
    various other concepts revolving around these two, like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation etc.

    In the video below, we have explained the basic concepts of Object Oriented Programming with help of a very easy
    to understand example. If you want to skip the video, everything is covered below as well.

    What is Object Oriented Programming (OOPS)? Simple Explanation for Beginners


    (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studytonight.app)

    Let us try to understand a little about all these, through a simple example. Human Beings are living forms, broadly
    categorized into two types, Male and Female. Right? Its true. Every Human being(Male or Female) has two legs, two
    hands, two eyes, one nose, one heart etc. There are body parts that are common for Male and Female, but then
    there are some specific body parts, present in a Male which are not present in a Female, and some body parts
    present in Female but not in Males.

    All Human Beings walk, eat, see, talk, hear etc. Now again, both Male and Female, performs some common
    functions, but there are some specifics to both, which is not valid for the other. For example : A Female can give
    birth, while a Male cannot, so this is only for the Female.

    Human Anatomy is interesting, isn't it? But let's see how all this is related to C++ and OOPS. Here we will try to
    explain all the OOPS concepts through this example and later we will have the technical definitons for all this.

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    Class
    Here we can take Human Being as a class. A class is a blueprint for any functional entity which defines its
    properties and its functions. Like Human Being, having body parts, and performing various actions.

    Inheritance
    Considering HumanBeing a class, which has properties like hands, legs, eyes etc, and functions like walk, talk, eat,
    (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studytonight.app)
    see etc. Male and Female are also classes, but most of the properties and functions are included in HumanBeing ,
    hence they can inherit everything from class HumanBeing using the concept of Inheritance.

    Objects
    My name is Abhishek, and I am an instance/object of class Male . When we say, Human Being, Male or Female, we
    just mean a kind, you, your friend, me we are the forms of these classes. We have a physical existence while a class
    is just a logical definition. We are the objects.

    Abstraction
    Abstraction means, showcasing only the required things to the outside world while hiding the details. Continuing our
    example, Human Being's can talk, walk, hear, eat, but the details are hidden from the outside world. We can take our
    skin as the Abstraction factor in our case, hiding the inside mechanism.

    Encapsulation
    This concept is a little tricky to explain with our example. Our Legs are binded to help us walk. Our hands, help us
    hold things. This binding of the properties to functions is called Encapsulation.

    Polymorphism
    Polymorphism is a concept, which allows us to redefine the way something works, by either changing how it is done
    or by changing the parts using which it is done. Both the ways have different terms for them.

    If we walk using our hands, and not legs, here we will change the parts used to perform something. Hence this is
    called Overloading.

    And if there is a defined way of walking, but I wish to walk differently, but using my legs, like everyone else. Then I
    can walk like I want, this will be called as Overriding.

    OOPS Concept De nitions


    Now, let us discuss some of the main features of Object Oriented Programming which you will be using in C++
    (technically).

    1. Objects

    2. Classes
    3. Abstraction
    (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studytonight.app)
    4. Encapsulation

    5. Inheritance
    6. Overloading

    7. Exception Handling

    Objects
    Objects are the basic unit of OOP. They are instances of class, which have data members and uses various member
    functions to perform tasks.

    Class
    It is similar to structures in C language. Class can also be defined as user defined data type but it also contains
    functions in it. So, class is basically a blueprint for object. It declare & defines what data variables the object will
    have and what operations can be performed on the class's object.

    Abstraction
    Abstraction refers to showing only the essential features of the application and hiding the details. In C++, classes
    can provide methods to the outside world to access & use the data variables, keeping the variables hidden from
    direct access, or classes can even declare everything accessible to everyone, or maybe just to the classes inheriting
    it. This can be done using access specifiers.

    Encapsulation
    It can also be said data binding. Encapsulation is all about binding the data variables and functions together in
    class.

    Inheritance
    Inheritance is a way to reuse once written code again and again. The class which is inherited is called the Base
    class & the class which inherits is called the Derived class. They are also called parent and child class.

    So when, a derived class inherits a base class, the derived class can use all the functions which are defined in base
    class, hence making code reusable.
    Polymorphism
    (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studytonight.app)
    It is a feature, which lets us create functions with same name but different arguments, which will perform different
    actions. That means, functions with same name, but functioning in different ways. Or, it also allows us to redefine a
    function to provide it with a completely new definition. You will learn how to do this in details soon in coming
    lessons.

    Exception Handling
    Exception handling is a feature of OOP, to handle unresolved exceptions or errors produced at runtime.

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