General Chemistry 1 1 Quarter 2019-20 Lesson 5: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
1ST Quarter 2019-20

Lesson 5: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Name_______________________________________
Grade___ SEC ______ JULY___ ,2019
Mrs. Maribel R. Beroin
REVIEW:
1. Parts of an Atom
A. The three main parts of an atom are p______, n______, and
e______.
B. The atom is the b_____ building block of m_______. C. Atoms
combine to form pure e_______s, c________s, and complex forms
like computers and phones. Atoms are the s_________ particle of
matter than cannot be further subdivided using c_______ means.
2. There are 3 main components of atoms:

A. P__________ – often denoted by the letter Z. Each proton carries
a p_________ electrical charge. The number of p_______s
determines the type of atom. A p______ consists of component
elementary particles: 2 up quarks and 1 down quark.
B. N_______s in an atom is commonly indicated using the letter N. A

n______ is about the same size as a p_______, but it is electrically
n_______. Each n_______ consists of 1 up quark and 2 down
quarks.
C. E______s are extremely tiny, compared with p_______s or

n_______s. The mass of an e______ is only 1/1836th that of a
proton. Each e______ carries a negative e____ charge. Each
e________ consists of a single elementary particle.
4. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same
atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A).
5. Nucleus has most of the mass of an atom, though it is only a very

small part of it. Almost all of the mass in an atom is made up from the
protons and neutrons in the nucleus with a very small contribution
from the orbiting electrons.
6. Leptons and quarks are the basic building blocks of matter, i.e.,
they are seen as the "elementary particles". There are six leptons in
the present structure, the electron, muon, and tau particles and their
associated neutrinos.
7. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the

most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of
atomic nuclei. They have flavors and colors.
8. Hadron is any of the subatomic particles (as protons and neutrons)
that are made up of quarks and are subject to the strong force.
Solve for the charge of Proton & Neutron
1. Proton 2. Neutron
= =
1
J.J. Thompson (Late 1800s) Niels Bohr (Early 1900s)
J.J. Thompson was an English scientist. He discovered the Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist. He proposed a model of the
electron when he was experimenting with gas discharge atom that is similar to the model of the solar system. The
tubes. He noticed a movement in a tube. He called the electrons go around the nucleus like planets orbit around the
movement cathode rays. The rays moved from the negative sun. All electrons have their energy levels – a certain distance
end of the tube to the positive end. He realized that the rays from the nucleus. Each energy level can hold a certain number
were rays were made of negatively charged particles – of electrons. Level 1 can hold 2 electrons, Level 2 – 8
electrons. electrons, Level 3 – 18 electrons, and Level 4 – 32 electrons.
1. What did J.J. Thompson discover? The energy of electrons goes up from Level 1 to other levels.
____________________________________ When electrons release (lose) energy they go down a level.
2. What is the charge of an electron? When electrons absorb (gain) energy, they go to a higher
____________________________________ level.
3. What are cathode rays made of? 1. Why could Bohr’s model be called a planetary model of the
____________________________________ atom?
4. Why do electrons move from the negative end of the tube __________________________________________________
to the positive end? ______________________
____________________________________ 2. How do electrons in the same atom differ?
__________________________________________________
5. What was Thompson working with when he discovered the ______________________
cathode rays? 3. How many electrons can the fourth energy level hold?
__________________________________________________
______________________
4. Would an electron have to absorb or release energy to
jump from the second energy level to the third energy level?
__________________________________________________
Lord Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) ______________________
Ernest Rutherford conducted a famous experiment called the 5. For an electron to fall from the third energy level to the
gold foil experiment. He took a thin sheet of gold foil. He used second energy level, it
special equipment to shoot alpha particles (positively charged must________________________energy
particles) at the gold foil. Most particles passed straight
through the foil like the foil was not there. Some particles file:///C:/Users/Yuribel/Desktop/scientists_and_contributions.pdf
went straight back or were deflected (went in another mrberoin2019_PSOSHS
direction) as if they had hit something. The experiment

shows:
• Atoms are made of a small positive nucleus; positive nucleus
repels (pushes away) positive alpha particles;
• Atoms are mostly empty space.
1. What is the charge of an alpha particle?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Why is Rutherford’s experiment called the gold foil

experiment?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________
3. How did he know that atom was mostly empty space?
________________________________________
________________________________
4. What happened to the alpha particles as they hit the gold
foil?
________________________________________
________________________________
5. How did he know that the nucleus was positively
charged?___________________________________________
_________________________________________

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

1ST Quarter 2019-20

2. There are 3 main components of atoms:

B. N_______s in an atom is commonly indicated using the letter N. A

C. Es are extremely tiny, compared with p_s or

5. Nucleus has most of the mass of an atom, though it is only a very

7. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the

Solve for the charge of Proton & Neutron

direction) as if they had hit something. The experiment

2. Why is Rutherford’s experiment called the gold foil

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