PANNA DISTRICT

MADHYA PRADESH

Ministry of Water Resources

Central Ground Water Board
North Central Region
BHOPAL
2013
 PANNA DISTRICT PROFILE
S.No. Items Statistics
1. General Information
i) Geographical area 7,135 km2
ii) Administrative Divisions
Number of Tehsil/Blocks 8/5
Number of Panchayats 395
Number of Villages 1023
iii) Population (Census 2011) 10,16,028

iv) Normal Rainfall (mm) 1182.9

2. Geomorphology
1. Major Physiographic Units: 1. i. Plateaus on Vindhyan rocks
2. ii. Denudational slope on
Vindhyan rocks
3. iii. Pediplain
4. iv. Flood plain
5. v. Older flood plain
2. Major Drainage: 6. Ken River & its tributaries like
Bearma, Sonar, Patne, Baghain,
Mirhasan, Simardha and Ranj Nadi.

3. Land Use (‘000ha)

a) Forest area 299.7
b) Cultivable area 270.2
c) Net area sown 234.1
d) Gross cropped area 268.9
4. Major Soil Types Yellow clay and sandy soil
5. Principal Crops
Gram, Wheat, Rice, Lentil
6. Irrigation by Different Sources No. Area irrigated (‘000ha)
Dug wells 13329 17.3
Tube wells/Bore wells 380 5.2
Tanks/Ponds 92 3.8
Canals 61 6.5
Other Sources 23 45.8
Net Irrigated Area - 78.5
Gross Irrigated Area - 78.6
7. Number of Ground Water Monitoring Wells
of CGWB (As on 31.3.2013)
Number of Dug Wells 20
Number of Piezometers 04 (Deep Piezometers)
8 Predominant Geological Formations Alluvium, Vindhyan Shales,
Sandstone and Limestone.

9 Hydrogeology
Major Water Bearing Formation Sandy alluvium,
Jointed and fractured Sandstone,
weathered Shale and solution cavity
in Limestone.
 Pre-monsoon depth to water level range during 1.90 – 20.80 m bgl
2012
Post-monsoon depth to water level range during 0.70 – 17.65 m bgl
2012
Long-term water level trend in 10 years (2003- 5.33 - 33.75 (fall)
2012) cm/yr
10. Ground Water Exploration By CGWB (As on 31.3.2013)
No of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, Total) 97 (EW-50, OW-8, PZ-39)
Depth Range 82.88 – 200.0 m. bgl
Discharge Range Meager – 17.00 lps
Specific Capacity Range 0 - 94.93 lpm/m of drawdown
Transmissivity -
11. Ground Water Quality
Presence of Chemical constituents more than EC (98-1428) µs/cm at 250C
permissible limit (e.g. EC, F, As, Fe) Nitrate-10-194
Flouride- 0.02-1.74
12 Dynamic Ground Water Resources (2009) (ham)
Net Annual Ground Water Availability 47108
Existing Gross Ground Water Draft 12938
Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial 2807
uses up to next 25 years
Stage of Ground Water Development 27
13 Awareness and Training Activity
Mass Awareness Programme Organised Nil

Water Management Training Programme Nil

14 Efforts of Artificial Recharge & Rainwater Harvesting
Projects completed by CGWB Nil
Projects under technical guidance of CGWB Nil
15 Ground Water Control and Regulation
Number of OE Blocks Nil
Number of Semi-Critical Blocks 1, Ajaygarh
Number of Safe Blocks 4, Shahnagar, Pawai, panna, Gonour
16 Major Groundwater Problems and Issues Depletion in groundwater level and
deterioration of groundwater quality
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Panna district is located at north central part of Madhya Pradesh, is bounded

by Banda district of Uttar Pradesh in the north, Satna district in the east, Chhatarpur
in the west and Damoh and Jabalpur districts in the south west and southeast
respectively. The district extends between the parallels of North latitude 23 0 48' 55"
and 250 05' 00" and between the meridians of East longitude 79 0 44' 00" and 800 40'
.
The Panna district is entirely dependent on road transport. The district is well
connected by state highways. The nearest railway station is Satna, which is directly
connected to Bhopal, Jabalpur and Delhi and it is 70 km away from Panna town. The
nearest Aerodrome is available for air service is at Khajuraho, which is 46 km from
Panna on way to Chhatarpur. The Panna is famous for its diamond mines, stylish and
huge temples, spectacular seasonal waterfalls and national tiger park.
The total geographical area of the District is 7,135 Sq.Km, with a population of
10,16,028 according to census 2011. The details of administrative units are given in
table.

Table: Administrative units of Panna district, Madhya Pradesh.

S.No Tehsil Block Area in Sq Km

1 Ajaigarh Ajaigarh 612

2 Panna Panna 1717
3 Gunnor Gunnor 1112
4 Pawai Pawai 2047
5 Shahnagar Shahnagar 1647
Total 7,135

Central Ground Water Board Activities

 Shri A. R. Bhaisare Jr. Hydrogeologist, conducted systematic hydrogeological

surveys in Son sub basin of Panna district during 1982-83.

 Shri A. Mukharji Asstt. Hydrogeologist, conducted systematic hydrogeological

surveys in Ken sub basin of Panna district during 1984-85.

 Shri R. N. Sharma Jr. Hydrogeologist, conducted systematic hydrogeological

surveys in Ken sub basin of Panna district during 1985-86.

 Shri Saurabh Gupta Jr. Hydrogeologist, conducted systematic Hydrogeological

surveys in Ken sub basin of Panna district during 1989-90.

 Shri P. K. Das Jr. Hydrogeologist and Shri A K. Budhouliya Jr. Hydrogeologist

conducted systematic hydrogeological surveys in parts of Panna district during
1990-91.
 Shri S. Gupta Jr. Hydrogeologist, Shri A K. Budhouliya Jr. Hydrogeologist and
Shri Babu Nair Jr. Hydrogeologist conducted reappraisal hydrogeological
surveys in Panna district during 1997-98.

 15 number of exploratory well has been constructed by contractual drilling

under drought assistance programme in Panna district during Jan-Feb 2002.

1.0 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE

The normal annual rainfall of Panna district is 1182.9 mm. Panna district
receive maximum rainfall during southwest monsoon period i.e. June to November.
About 89.5% of annual rainfall is received during monsoon season.
2.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES

Physiographically, Panna district forms parts of Vindhyachal ranges in the

south followed by Bundelkhand upland in the north. The Vindhyachal ranges contain
two linear steps like tablelands trending ENE-WSW separated by an uneven narrow
valley having an average elevation of 440 m above mean sea level. The
Bundelkhand upland, having an average elevation of 170 m above mean sea level, is
a peneplained surface dotted with mesa and linear ridges.
Ken River and its tributaries drain almost entire Panna district. The Ranj River
drains the northeast parts of the Panna district. All the tributaries of Ken River are
almost westerly flowing, while Ranj River flows in north direction.
Almost three-fourths area of the district is covered with alluvium soils forms by
the weathering of Vindhyan sediments. The northern part of the district area is
covered with yellowish sandy soils derived from weathering of granitic rocks. The
thick alluvial soils are found along the river courses.

4.0 GROUNDWATER SCENARIO

4.1 Geology

The general geological successions in the district are given in table.

Table: General geological succession of Panna district.

System Lithostratigraphic Unit Lithological Description

Recent to Pleistocene - Alluvium

Rewa Group Bhander Shale Bhander Shale

Sandstone and Sandstone and
Limestone Limestone
---------------------- Diamond Bearing Conglomerates -----------------------
Kaimur Group Baghain Sandstone Sandstone
and conglomerates and conglomerates
Semri Group Porcellanite Stage Shales
Basal Stage Quartzite and
conglomerates
Archaean Bundelkhand Granites Granites

4.2 Hydrogeology

The general hydrogeological conditions of the district are as follows:

4.2.1 Archaeans

The rocks of this group are basically pink colored Bundelkhand granites. The
granitic rocks are observed in the Panna and Ajaigarh blocks of Panna district. The
granites are fine to coarse grained with occasional porphyritic texture. The granites
are hard and compact and degree of weathering is not much in Panna block. However
the granites rocks in Ajaigarh blocks are intensely weathered and form good aquifers.
The dug wells located in these weathered granites sustain good yields even during
summer.

4.2.2 Vindhyans

Vindhyan sandstones belong to Kaimur group are exposed near Rampur,

Dalhan Chowki, Majhgawan and Inota village. These sandstones are white, fine
grained hard and purely siliceous in nature. The sandstone of Rewa group is well
bedded, jointed, hard and compact, reddish to purple colored as observed in Bikrapur,
Bilha, Kherbund, akoula and Gandlha villages. Sandstone of Bhander group is
reddish brown, jointed, hard and compact in nature and observed in many villages
around Shahnagar, Rajapura, Chowmukha and Pawai. The Vindhyan sandstone is
fine-grained, impermeable and has no primary porosity. Circulation of groundwater is
through joints, fractures and bedding planes.
There are five types of Vindhyan shales that occur in the district- Semri shale (oldest)
followed by Jhirri shale, Ganurgarh shales and Sirbu shale (Youngest) in their
chronological order.

In general all the shales are fine-grained, soft, friable, thinly bedded and split
along bedding planes. The shales form poor aquifer system. However based on the
density of joints and fractures, shales often form good aquifer and form very good
fertile land between Mirhasan and Ken River.

There is only one limestone layer, which is called as Nagod limestone. It is

fined grained jointed and dark grey in colour. Solution activity in limestone formation
creates potential aquifer.

4.2.3 Alluvium

Localized patches of alluvium cover occur along the banks of major and minor
rivers and streams in the district. The thickness of alluvium varies from few meters to
30 m. The thickness of alluvium found more on granitic rocks and shales, while it is
minimum on sandstone and limestone rocks formation.

4.3 Groundwater Levels

To monitor
the seasonal and
annual change in
quantity and quality
of groundwater,
CGWB has
established 20
Groundwater
Monitoring Wells
and 4 Piezometers
in the district.

4.3.1 Pre-monsoon
(May 2012)

During pre-
monsoon period,
depth to water level
ranges between
1.90 m bgl to 20.80
m bgl. The major
part of the district
have water level in
the range of 6-9 m
bgl.
4.3.2 Post-monsoon (November 2012)

During post-
monsoon period, water
level ranges from 0.70 m
bgl to 17.65 m bglt. In
major part of the district,
water level lies between 3
to 6 m bgl.

4.3.3 Groundwater level

trend (May2003 to May
2012)

Analyses of
Groundwater level data of
pre-monsoon period
indicate that there is
declining trend in water
level in the entire district
except in few wells. In
general, a 5.33 to 33.75
cm/year water level
decline has been
observed in the district.

4.4 Aquifer Parameters

CGWB has drilled 50 exploratory wells, 8 observation wells and 39 piezometers.
The accelerated exploratory drilling has been carried out in areas occupied by
Vindhyan shale and sandstone. Fractured shales and sandstone form the aquifer
system in the district. These exploratory wells have been drilled down to the
maximum depth of 200.0 m bgl.

4.5 Groundwater Resources (2009)

Panna district is underlain by Vindhyan Shale, Limestone and Sandstone and
Alluvium. Dynamic ground water resources of the district have been estimated for base year -
2008/09 on block-wise basis (Table). There are five assessment units (block) in the district
which fall under non-command (99 %) and command (1.% Panna) sub units. All the blocks,
except Ajaygarh, of the district are categorized as safe blocks. Ajaygarh is categorized as semi
critical. The highest stage of ground water development is computed as 80 % in Ajaygarh
block. The net ground water availability in the district 47,108 ham and ground water draft for
all uses is 12938 ham, making stage of ground water development 27 % (24 % in 2003/04) as
a whole for district. After making allocation for future domestic and industrial supply for
next 25 years, balance available ground water for future irrigation would be 33,295 ham.
 Table: Ground water availability and stage of development

DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (As on March, 2009)

S. No. Assessment Sub-unit Net Annual Existing Existing Existing Provision Net Ground Stage of Category
Unit Command/ Ground Gross Gross Gross for water Ground
Non- water Ground Ground Ground domestic, Availability water
Command/ Availability water water water and for future Development
(ham) Draft for Draft for Draft industrial irrigation d (%)
Irrigation Domestic for All requirement development
(ham) & uses supply to (ham)
Industrial (ham) next 25 year
water (2033)
Supply (ham)
(ham)
Command
Ajaygarh Non-Command 6476 4869 314 5183 495 1112 80 Semi Critical
Block Total 6476 4869 314 5183 495 1112 80 Semi Critical
Command
Gonour Non-Command 5784 1063 352 1414 519 4202 24 Safe
Block Total 5784 1063 352 1414 519 4202 24 Safe
Command 802 51 29 80 58 692 10 Safe
Panna Non-Command 10356 1518 501 2019 698 8139 19 Safe
Block Total 11649 1570 530 2099 757 9322 18 Safe
Command
Pawai Non-Command 12305 2086 364 2450 506 9713 20 Safe
Block Total 12305 2086 364 2450 506 9713 20 Safe
Command
Shahnagar Non-Command 10894 1419 373 1792 530 8945 16 Safe
Block Total 10894 1419 373 1792 530 8945 16 Safe
District Total 47108 11006 1933 12938 2807 33295 27

4.6 Groundwater Quality

Groundwater quality in the district is fresh with EC value ranges from98 to1428
µs/cm at 250C. Nitrate was observed in the range of 10 to 194 mg/l whereas fluoride
ranges from 0.02 to 1.74 mg/l.