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    Bio Report 8

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    battle camp
    Approximately 10,000 species of mosses have been classified, making them the third most diverse group of land plants. Mosses have gametophytes that are green leafy shoots and sporophytes that develop after fertilization. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for food. Moss colonies are beneficial in ecosystems by reducing soil erosion, capturing water and nutrients, and providing shelter. While mosses and ferns both produce spores and help prevent soil erosion, mosses lack roots, stems, leaves and a vascular system.

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    Bio Report 8

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    battle camp
    118 views4 pages
    Approximately 10,000 species of mosses have been classified, making them the third most diverse group of land plants. Mosses have gametophytes that are green leafy shoots and sporophytes that develop after fertilization. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for food. Moss colonies are beneficial in ecosystems by reducing soil erosion, capturing water and nutrients, and providing shelter. While mosses and ferns both produce spores and help prevent soil erosion, mosses lack roots, stems, leaves and a vascular system.

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    Approximately 10,000 species of mosses have been classified, making them the third most diverse group of land plants. Mosses have gametophytes that are green leafy shoots and sporophytes that develop after fertilization. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for food. Moss colonies are beneficial in ecosystems by reducing soil erosion, capturing water and nutrients, and providing shelter. While mosses and ferns both produce spores and help prevent soil erosion, mosses lack roots, stems, leaves and a vascular system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    118 views4 pages

    Bio Report 8

    Uploaded by

    battle camp
    Approximately 10,000 species of mosses have been classified, making them the third most diverse group of land plants. Mosses have gametophytes that are green leafy shoots and sporophytes that develop after fertilization. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for food. Moss colonies are beneficial in ecosystems by reducing soil erosion, capturing water and nutrients, and providing shelter. While mosses and ferns both produce spores and help prevent soil erosion, mosses lack roots, stems, leaves and a vascular system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    AACB 3214 Biodiversity and Ecology DCB2101

    Name: Lee Ket Ian ID: 17WLD00451


    Title : Byrophyta Date : 17/7/18

    Approximately 10,000 species, 700 genera, and about 110-120 families of


    diverse mosses have been classified. They are the third most diverse group of
    land plants behind the angiosperms and ferns. A compound microscope would
    be used for routine examination of mosses. The gametophytes (haploid
    organisms) were seen as conspicuous green leafy shoots. After fertilization, the
    diploid embryo develops into a mature sporophyte. The sporophyte is much
    dependant on the gametophyte for synthesis of food. It is chlorophyllose and
    photosynthetic only in early stages of development. Moss colonies has been
    beneficial in many ecosystems, they include reducing soil erosion, capturing
    water and nutrients, providing shelter for microfauna, and nurseries for
    seedlings in succession or regeneration processes.
    The green leafy shoots (gametophytes) resemble some characteristics of the
    green algal ancestors: chlorophylls a and b, starch, sperm with two forward
    undulipodia, but the needle-like shoots where the spores (sporophytes)
    developed has shown key adaptations for the life outside water, e.g. stomates, a
    simple strand of conductive cells (in an unbranched sporophyte); and airborne
    spores produced in a single apical capsule (sporangium). Mosses have the
    simplest structural level among all land plants. The sporophyte shows the most
    complex structural organization in the tracheophytes.

    Aim: To observe the sex organs in Byrophytes


    Materials: prepared slides
    Methods: sex organs of Byrophytes were observed
    Results:

    Male antheridia, 400x

    Female archegonia
    Discussion:
    Difference: Mosses have no true roots, stems or leaves. Ferns have real roots.
    In mosses, the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte. In ferns, the
    gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte. The sporophyte of moss is located
    near the tip of the plant, while the gametophyte is lower.

    Similarities: 1) Both help prevent soil erosion. 2) They both produce spores
    instead of seeds. 3) Both grow in similar habitats

    Vascular Systems – The lacking of a vascular system in mosses hinders them to


    live on dry land. Ferns can inhabit a dry land because it has a vascular system.
    Spores – Underneath the leaves of ferns are clusters of fern spores produced;
    moss spores are produced in capsules on the tips of stalks among their shoots.
    Appearance – Ferns have large compound leaves divided into many leaflets.
    Mosses have no true leaves, just tiny green shoots. Some ferns can grow higher
    than 15 feet; the maximum length of moss is to about an inch.

    Early proposals of phylogenetic relationships within the mosses classified three


    fundamental levels of structural organization, mostly based on the morphology
    of the capsules. Early studies in the relationships within mosses have not
    changed substantially, but they have been elaborated to cater a few groups now
    recognized at higher taxonomic levels.
    The fascinating bryophyte Takakia has a side note. Initially it was classified as a
    liverwort, and until recently it was placed in the Calobryales (Schofield 1985).
    After the discovery of plants with sporophytes, now it is undoubtedly classified
    as a moss.
    Several factors have made possible such new insight on higher level
    relationships within mosses. New empirical data have piled on morphology,
    anatomy, ontogeny, ultrastructure, and DNA sequences. Although most of the
    recent studies at higher levels are based on molecular data, the most important
    element of the recent progress has been the use of cladistic methodology for the
    interpretation of such types of evidence. A formal framework of higher-level
    moss phylogeny is now available, which replaces former intuitive estimates of
    relationships founded largely on concepts of overall similarity and ad hoc
    evolutionary scenarios.
    Conclusion: There is ovary found in the sex organs of Byrophyte. They produce
    spores and water is much needed for reproduction. Byrophyte consists of
    liverwort, hornwort and moss.

    Reference:
    1. Tolweb.org. (2018). Bryophyta. [online] Available at:
    http://tolweb.org/Bryophyta [Accessed 21 Jul. 2018].
    2. prezi.com. (2018). Plants 5 - State one difference and one similarity between
    mosses and ferns. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/zvpd7wplbbil/plants-
    5-state-one-difference-and-one-similarity-between-mosses-and-ferns/ [Accessed
    20 Jul. 2018].
    3. Answers, H., Plants, F. and Basics, P. (2018). Difference Between Ferns &
    Mosses | Hunker. [online] Hunker.com. Available at:
    https://www.hunker.com/12000354/difference-between-ferns-mosses [Accessed
    26 Jul. 2018].
    4. Biologyreference.com. (2018). Bryophytes - Biology Encyclopedia - cells,
    plant, body, different, organisms, chromosomes, cycle, life, structure. [online]
    Available at: http://www.biologyreference.com/Bl-Ce/Bryophytes.html
    [Accessed 27 Jul. 2018].
    5. Ohsd.net. (2018). [online] Available at:
    https://www.ohsd.net/cms/lib09/WA01919452/Centricity/Domain/1286/Moss%
    20and%20Fern.pdf [Accessed 29 Jul. 2018].

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