Kumpulan Soal Olimpiade Matematika Dari Seluruh Dunia

2018 AMC 12/AHSME
AMC 12/AHSME 2018
– A
– February 7th, 2018
1 A large urn contains 100 balls, of which 36% are red and the rest are blue. How
many of the blue balls must be removed so that the percentage of red balls in
the urn will be 72%? (No red balls are to be removed.)
(A) 28 (B) 32 (C) 36 (D) 50 (E) 64
2 While exploring a cave, Carl comes across a collection of 5-pound rocks worth
$14 each, 4-pound rocks worth $11 each, and 1-pound rocks worth $2 each.
There are at least 20 of each size. He can carry at most 18 pounds. What is
the maximum value, in dollars, of the rocks he can carry out of the cave?
(A) 48 (B) 49 (C) 50 (D) 51 (E) 52
3 How many ways can a student schedule 3 mathematics courses – algebra, ge-
ometry, and number theory – in a 6-period day if no two mathematics courses
can be taken in consecutive periods? (What courses the student takes during
the other 3 periods is of no concern here.)
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 18 (E) 24
4 Alice, Bob, and Charlie were on a hike and were wondering how far away the
nearest town was. When Alice said, ”We are at least 6 miles away,” Bob replied,
”We are at most 5 miles away.” Charlie then remarked, ”Actually the nearest
town is at most 4 miles away.” It turned out that none of the three statements
were true. Let d be the distance in miles to the nearest town. Which of the
following intervals is the set of all possible values of d?
(A) (0, 4) (B) (4, 5) (C) (4, 6) (D) (5, 6) (E) (5, ∞)
5 What is the sum of all possible values of k for which the polynomials x2 −3x+2
and x2 − 5x + k have a root in common?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 10
6 For positive integers m and n such that m + 10 < n + 1, both the mean and
the median of the set {m, m + 4, m + 10, n + 1, n + 2, 2n} are equal to n. What
is m + n?
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2018 AMC 12/AHSME
(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (E) 24
7 For how many (not necessarily positive) integer values of n is the value of
n
4000 · 52 an integer?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 9
8 All of the triangles in the diagram below are similar to iscoceles triangle ABC,
in which AB = AC. Each of the 7 smallest triangles has area 1, and △ABC
has area 40. What is the area of trapezoid DBCE?
D E
B C
(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 22 (E) 24
9 Which of the following describes the largest subset of values of y within the
closed interval [0, π] for which
sin(x + y) ≤ sin(x) + sin(y)

π
for every x between 0 and π, inclusive? (A) y = 0 (B) 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 (C) 0 ≤
y ≤ π2 (D) 0 ≤ y ≤ 3π4 (E) 0 ≤ y ≤ π
10 How many ordered pairs of real numbers (x, y) satisfy the following system of
equations?
x + 3y = 3

|x| − |y| = 1
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 8
11 A paper triangle with sides of lengths 3, 4, and 5 inches, as shown, is folded so

that point A falls on point B. What is the length in inches of the crease?
5
3
A 4 C
1
√ √ 7 15
(A) 1 + 2 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 8 (E) 2
12 Let S be a set of 6 integers taken from {1, 2, . . . , 12} with the property that if
a and b are elements of S with a < b, then b is not a multiple of a. What is the
least possible value of an element in S?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 7
13 How many nonnegative integers can be written in the form
a7 · 37 + a6 · 36 + a5 · 35 + a4 · 34 + a3 · 33 + a2 · 32 + a1 · 31 + a0 · 30 ,
where ai ∈ {−1, 0, 1} for 0 ≤ i ≤ 7?

(A) 512 (B) 729 (C) 1094 (D) 3281 (E) 59, 048
14 The solution to the equation log3x 4 = log2x 8, where x is a positive real number
other than 31 or 12 , can be written as pq where p and q are relatively prime positive
integers. What is p + q?
(A) 5 (B) 13 (C) 17 (D) 31 (E) 35
15 A scanning code consists of a 7 × 7 grid of squares, with some of its squares

colored black and the rest colored white. There must be at least one square of
each color in this grid of 49 squares. A scanning code is called symmetric if
its look does not change when the entire square is rotated by a multiple of 90◦
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
counterclockwise around its center, nor when it is reflected across a line joining
opposite corners or a line joining midpoints of opposite sides. What is the total
number of possible symmetric scanning codes?
(A) 510 (B) 1022 (C) 8190 (D) 8192 (E) 65,534
16 Which of the following describes the set of values of a for which the curves
x2 + y 2 = a2 and y = x2 − a in the real xy-plane intersect at exactly 3 points?
1 1 1 1 1
(A) a = 4 (B) 4 < a < 2 (C) a > 4 (D) a = 2 (E) a >
1
2
17 Farmer Pythagoras has a field in the shape of a right triangle. The right
triangle’s legs have lengths 3 and 4 units. In the corner where those sides meet
at a right angle, he leaves a small unplanted square S so that from the air it
looks like the right angle symbol. The rest of the field is planted. The shortest
distance from S to the hypotenuse is 2 units. What fraction of the field is
planted?
3
2
S 4
25 26 73 145 74
(A) 27 (B) 27 (C) 75 (D) 147 (E) 75
18 Triangle ABC with AB = 50 and AC = 10 has area 120. Let D be the

midpoint of AB, and let E be the midpoint of AC. The angle bisector of
∠BAC intersects DE and BC at F and G, respectively. What is the area of
quadrilateral F DBG?
(A) 60 (B) 65 (C) 70 (D) 75 (E) 80
19 Let A be the set of positive integers that have no prime factors other than 2,
3, or 5. The infinite sum
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ···
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 15 16 18 20
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
m
of the reciprocals of the elements of A can be expressed as n, where m and n
are relatively prime positive integers. What is m + n?
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 19 (D) 23 (E) 36
20 Triangle ABC is an isosceles right triangle with AB = AC = 3. Let M be

the midpoint of hypotenuse BC. Points I and E lie on sides AC and AB,
respectively, so that AI > AE and AIM E is a cyclic quadrilateral.
√ Given that
a− b
triangle EM I has area 2, the length CI can be written as c , where a, b,
and c are positive integers and b is not divisible by the square of any prime.
What is the value of a + b + c?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12 (E) 13
21 Which of the following polynomials has the greatest real root?

(A) x19 + 2018x11 + 1 (B) x17 + 2018x11 + 1 (C) x19 + 2018x13 +
1 17 13
(D) x + 2018x + 1 (E) 2019x + 2018
√ √
22 The√solutions to the equations z 2 = 4 + 4 15i and z 2 = 2 + 2 3i, where
i = −1, form the vertices of a parallelogram in the complex plane. The area
√ √
of this parallelogram can be written in the form p q − r s, where p, q, r, and s
are positive integers and neither q nor s is divisible by the square of any prime
number. What is p + q + r + s?
(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (E) 24
23 In △P AT, ∠P = 36◦ , ∠A = 56◦ , and P A = 10. Points U and G lie on sides T P

and T A, respectively, so that P U = AG = 1. Let M and N be the midpoints of
segments P A and U G, respectively. What is the degree measure of the acute
angle formed by lines M N and P A?
(A) 76 (B) 77 (C) 78 (D) 79 (E) 80
24 Alice, Bob, and Carol play a game in which each of them chooses a real number
between 0 and 1. The winner of the game is the one whose number is between
the numbers chosen by the other two players. Alice announces that she will
choose her number uniformly at random from all the numbers between 0 and 1,
and Bob announces that he will choose his number uniformly at random from
all the numbers between 21 and 32 . Armed with this information, what number
should Carol choose to maximize her chance of winning?
1 13 7 5 2
(A) 2 (B) 24 (C) 12 (D) 8 (E) 3
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
25 For a positive integer n and nonzero digits a, b, and c, let An be the n-digit
integer each of whose digits is equal to a; let Bn be the n-digit integer each of
whose digits is equal to b, and let Cn be the 2n-digit (not n-digit) integer each
of whose digits is equal to c. What is the greatest possible value of a + b + c for
which there are at least two values of n such that Cn − Bn = A2n ?
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 16 (D) 18 (E) 20
– B
– February 15th, 2018
1 Kate bakes a 20-inch by 18-inch pan of cornbread. The cornbread is cut into
pieces that measure 2 inches by 2 inches. How many pieces of cornbread does
the pan contain?
(A) 90 (B) 100 (C) 180 (D) 200 (E) 360
2 Sam drove 96 miles in 90 minutes. His average speed during the first 30 minutes
was 60 mph (miles per hour), and his average speed during the second 30
minutes was 65 mph. What was his average speed, in mph, during the last 30
minutes?
(A) 64 (B) 65 (C) 66 (D) 67 (E) 68
3 A line with slope 2 intersects a line with slope 6 at the point (40, 30). What is
the distance between the x-intercepts of these two lines?
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 25 (E) 50
4 A circle has a chord of length 10, and the distance from the center of the circle
to the chord is 5. What is the area of the circle?
(A) 25π (B) 50π (C) 75π (D) 100π (E) 125π
5 How many subsets of {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} contain at least one prime number?

(A) 128 (B) 192 (C) 224 (D) 240 (E) 256
6 Suppose S cans of soda can be purchased from a vending machine for Q quar-
ters. Which of the following expressions describes the number of cans of soda
that can be purchased for D dollars, where 1 dollar is worth 4 quarters?
4DQ 4DS 4Q DQ DS
(A) S (B) Q (C) DS (D) 4S (E) 4Q
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
7 What is the value of
log3 7 · log5 9 · log7 11 · log9 13 · · · log21 25 · log23 27?

(A) 3 (B) 3 log7 23 (C) 6 (D) 9 (E) 10
8 Line segment AB is a diameter of a circle with AB = 24. Point C, not equal

to A or B, lies on the circle. As point C moves around the circle, the centroid
(center of mass) of △ABC traces out a closed curve missing two points. To the
nearest positive integer, what is the area of the region bounded by this curve?
(A) 25 (B) 38 (C) 50 (D) 63 (E) 75
9 What is
100 X
X 100
(i + j)?
i=1 j=1
(A) 100, 100 (B) 500, 500 (C) 505, 000 (D) 1, 001, 000 (E) 1, 010, 000
10 A list of 2018 positive integers has a unique mode, which occurs exactly 10
times. What is the least number of distinct values that can occur in the list?
(A) 202 (B) 223 (C) 224 (D) 225 (E) 234
11 A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrap-
ping paper. The box is centered on the wrapping paper with the vertices of the
base lying on the midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure
on the left. The four corners of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the
sides and brought together to meet at the center of the top of the box, point
A in the figure on the right. The box has base length w and height h. What is
the area of the sheet of wrapping paper?
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
w w
(w+h)2
(A) 2(w + h)2 (B) 2 (C) 2w2 + 4wh (D) 2w2 (E) w2 h
12 Side AB of △ABC has length 10. The bisector of angle A meets BC at D,

and CD = 3. The set of all possible values of AC is an open interval (m, n).
What is m + n?
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (E) 20
13 Square ABCD has side length 30. Point P lies inside the square so that AP =
12 and BP = 26. The centroids of △ABP , △BCP , △CDP , and △DAP are
the vertices of a convex quadrilateral. What is the area of that quadrilateral?
A D
B C
√ √ √ √
(A) 100 2 (B) 100 3 (C) 200 (D) 200 2 (E) 200 3
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
14 Joey and Chloe and their daughter Zoe all have the same birthday. Joey is 1
year older than Chloe, and Zoe is exactly 1 year old today. Today is the first of
the 9 birthdays on which Chloe’s age will be an integral multiple of Zoe’s age.
What will be the sum of the two digits of Joey’s age the next time his age is a
multiple of Zoe’s age?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10 (E) 11
15 How many odd positive 3-digit integers are divisible by 3 but do not contain
the digit 3?
(A) 96 (B) 97 (C) 98 (D) 102 (E) 120
16 The solutions to the equation (z + 6)8 = 81 are connected in the complex plane
to form a convex regular polygon, three of whose vertices are labeled A, B, and
C. What is the least possible area of △ABC?
√ √ √ √ √ √
(A) 16 6 (B) 32 2 − 23 (C) 2 3 − 3 2 (D) 21 2 (E) 3 − 1
17 Let p and q be positive integers such that

5 p 4
< <
9 q 7
and q is as small as possible. What is q − p?
(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 13 (D) 17 (E) 19
18 A function f is defined recursively by f (1) = f (2) = 1 and
f (n) = f (n − 1) − f (n − 2) + n
for all integers n ≥ 3. What is f (2018)?

(A) 2016 (B) 2017 (C) 2018 (D) 2019 (E) 2020
19 Mary chose an even 4-digit number n. She wrote down all the divisors of n in
increasing order from left to right: 1, 2, ..., n2 , n. At some moment Mary wrote
323 as a divisor of n. What is the smallest possible value of the next divisor
written to the right of 323?
(A) 324 (B) 330 (C) 340 (D) 361 (E) 646
20 Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with side length 1. Denote by X, Y , and

Z the midpoints of sides AB, CD, EF , respectively. What is the area of the
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
convex hexagon whose interior is the intersection of the interiors of △ACE and
△XY Z?
3√ 7√ 15 √ 1√ 9√
(A) 3 (B) 3 (C) 3 (D) 3 (E) 3
8 16 32 2 16
21 In △ABC with side lengths AB = 13, AC = 12, and BC = 5, let O and I

denote the circumcenter and incenter, respectively. A circle with center M is
tangent to the legs AC and BC and to the circumcircle of △ABC. What is
the area of △M OI?
(A) 5/2 (B) 11/4 (C) 3 (D) 13/4 (E) 7/2
22 Consider polynomials P (x) of degree at most 3, each of whose coefficients

is an element of {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. How many such polynomials satisfy
P (−1) = −9?
(A) 110 (B) 143 (C) 165 (D) 220 (E) 286
23 Ajay is standing at point A near Pontianak, Indonesia, 0◦ latitude and 110◦ E

longitude. Billy is standing at point B near Big Baldy Mountain, Idaho, USA,
45◦ N latitude and 115◦ W longitude. Assume that Earth is a perfect sphere
with center C. What is the degree measure of ∠ACB?
(A) 105 (B) 112 21 (C) 120 (D) 135 (E) 150
24 Let ⌊x⌋ denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. How many real
numbers x satisfy the equation x2 + 10,000⌊x⌋ = 10,000x?
(A) 197 (B) 198 (C) 199 (D) 200 (E) 201
25 Circles ω1 , ω2 , and ω3 each have radius 4 and are placed in the plane so that
each circle is externally tangent to the other two. Points P1 , P2 , and P3 lie on
ω1 , ω2 , and ω3 respectively such that P1 P2 = P2 P3 = P3 P1 and line Pi Pi+1 is
tangent to ωi for each i = 1, 2, 3, where P4 = P1 . See
√ the figure below. The
√
area of △P1 P2 P3 can be written in the form a + b for positive integers a
and b. What is a + b?
2018 AMC 12/AHSME
ω1
P1
P3
ω3 ω2
P2
(A) 546 (B) 548 (C) 550 (D) 552 (E) 554

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2018 AMC 12/AHSME

AMC 12/AHSME 2018

– February 7th, 2018

(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (E) 24

(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 22 (E) 24

sin(x + y) ≤ sin(x) + sin(y)

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 8

11 A paper triangle with sides of lengths 3, 4, and 5 inches, as shown, is folded so

13 How many nonnegative integers can be written in the form

where ai ∈ {−1, 0, 1} for 0 ≤ i ≤ 7?

15 A scanning code consists of a 7 × 7 grid of squares, with some of its squares

18 Triangle ABC with AB = 50 and AC = 10 has area 120. Let D be the

20 Triangle ABC is an isosceles right triangle with AB = AC = 3. Let M be

21 Which of the following polynomials has the greatest real root?

23 In △P AT, ∠P = 36◦ , ∠A = 56◦ , and P A = 10. Points U and G lie on sides T P

– February 15th, 2018

5 How many subsets of {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} contain at least one prime number?

7 What is the value of

log3 7 · log5 9 · log7 11 · log9 13 · · · log21 25 · log23 27?

8 Line segment AB is a diameter of a circle with AB = 24. Point C, not equal

12 Side AB of △ABC has length 10. The bisector of angle A meets BC at D,

17 Let p and q be positive integers such that

18 A function f is defined recursively by f (1) = f (2) = 1 and

for all integers n ≥ 3. What is f (2018)?

20 Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with side length 1. Denote by X, Y , and

21 In △ABC with side lengths AB = 13, AC = 12, and BC = 5, let O and I

22 Consider polynomials P (x) of degree at most 3, each of whose coefficients

23 Ajay is standing at point A near Pontianak, Indonesia, 0◦ latitude and 110◦ E

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