Anschp 03
Anschp 03
Anschp 03
Unit Conversions
3-1. A soccer field is 100 m long and 60 m across. What are the length and width of the field in
feet?
100 cm 1 in. 1 ft
(100 m) = 328 ft L = 328 ft
1 m 2.54 cm 12 in.
100 cm 1 in. 1 ft
(60 m) = 197 ft W = 197 ft
1 m 2.54 cm 12 in.
3-2. A wrench has a handle 8 in. long. What is the length of the handle in centimeters?
2.54 cm
(8 in.) = 20.3 cm L = 20.3 cm
1 in.
3-3. A 19-in. computer monitor has a viewable area that measures 18 in. diagonally. Express this
distance in meters. .
2.54 cm 1 m
(18 in.) = 0.457 m L = 0.457 m
1 in. 100 cm
3-4. The length of a notebook is 234.5 mm and the width is 158.4 mm. Express the surface area
in square meters.
1 m 1 m
Area = (234.5 mm)(158.4 mm) = 0.037 A = 0.0371 m2
1000 mm 1000 mm
3-5. A cube has 5 in. on a side. What is the volume of the cube in SI units and in fundamental
USCS units? .
3 3
2.54 cm 1 m
( )
V = (5 in.)3 = 125 in.3 = 0.00205 m
1 in. 100 cm
3
V = 0.00205 m3
3
1 ft
V = (125 in. )
3
= 0.0723 ft
3
V = 0.0723 ft3
12 in.
8
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
3-6. The speed limit on an interstate highway is posted at 75 mi/h. (a) What is this speed in
mi 1.609 km mi 1 h 5280 ft
(a) 75 = 121 km/h (b) 75 = 110 ft/s
h 1 mi h 3600 s 1 mi
3-7. A Nissan engine has a piston displacement (volume) of 1600 cm3 and a bore diameter of 84
mm. Express these measurements in cubic inches and inches. Ans. 97.6 in.3, 3.31 in.
3
1 in. 1 in.
(
(a) 1600 cm
3
2.54
)cm
= 97.6 in.
3
(b) 84 mm = = 3.31 in.
25.4 mm
3-8. An electrician must install an underground cable from the highway to a home located 1.20
5280 ft
1.2 mi = 6340 ft L = 6340 ft
1 mi
3-9. One U.S. gallon is a volume equivalent to 231 in.3. How many gallons are needed to fill a
tank that is 18 in. long, 16 in. wide, and 12 in. high? Ans. 15.0 gal.
1 gal
V = (3456 in.3 ) 3
= 15.0 gal V = 15.0 gal
231 in.
3-10. The density of brass is 8.89 g/cm3. What is the density in kg/m3?
3
g 1 kg 100 cm kg
8.89 3 = 8890 3 ρ = 8890 kg/m3
cm 1000 g 1 m m
3-11. A woman walks 4 km east and then 8 km north. (a) Use the polygon method to find her
9
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
3-12. A land-rover, on the surface of Mars, moves a distance of 38 m at an angle of 1800. It then
turns and moves a distance of 66 m at an angle of 2700. What is the displacement from the
starting position?
3-13. A surveyor starts at the southeast corner of a lot and charts the following displacements:
3-14. A downward force of 200 N acts simultaneously with a 500-N force directed to the left.
3-15. The following three forces act simultaneously on the same object. A = 300 N, 300 N of E;
B = 600 N, 2700; and C = 100 N due east. Find the resultant force A
10
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
3-16. A boat travels west a distance of 200 m, then north for 400 m, and finally 100 m at 300 S
3-17. Two ropes A and B are attached to a mooring hook so that an angle o 60 exists between
the two ropes. The tension in rope A is 80 lb and the tension in rope B is 120 lb. Use the
3-18. Two forces A and B act on the same object producing a resultant force of 50 lb at 36.90 N
of W. The force A = 40 lb due west. Find the magnitude and direction of force B?
40 lb
Draw R = 50 lb, 36.90 N of W first, then draw 40 lb, W.
R F
F = 30 lb, 900
36.90
3-19. Find the x and y-components of: (a) a displacement of 200 km, at 340. (b) a velocity of 40
11
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
3-20. A sled is pulled with a force of 540 N at an angle of 400 with the horizontal. What are the
540 N
horizontal and vertical components of this force?
400
Fx = 540 cos 400 = 414 N Fy = 540 sin 400 = 347 N
(a)
3-21. The hammer in Fig. 3-26 applies a force of 260 N at an angle of 150 with the vertical. What
3-22. A jogger runs 2.0 mi west and then 6.0 mi north. Find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant displacement.
R
6
R = (2) 2 + (6) 2 = 6.32 mi tanφ = ; φ = 71.60 N of W
2 φ
* 3-23. A river flows south with a velocity of 20 km/h. A boat has a maximum speed of 50 km/h
in still water. In the river, at maximum throttle, the boat heads due west. What is the
must be the tension in the rope, if a horizontal force of 40 lb is required to drag the crate?
Fx 40 lb F
Fx = F cos 300; F= 0
= ; F = 46.2 N
cos30 cos300 300
Fx
12
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
* 3-25. An vertical lift of 80 N is needed to lift a window. A long pole is used to lift the window.
What force must be exerted along the pole if it makes an angle of 340 with the wall?
Fy 40 lb
Fy = F sin 300; F= = ; F = 96.5 N 340
sin 34 0
sin 34 0 80 N F
* 3-26. The resultant of two forces A and B is 400 N at 2100. If force A is 200 N at 2700, what are
3-27. Find the resultant of the following perpendicular forces: (a) 400 N, 00; (b) 820 N, 2700;
−320
R= ( 400 )
2
+ ( −320 ) ;
2
tan φ = ; R = 512 N, 38.70 S of E
400
3-28. Four ropes, all at right angles to each other, pull on a ring. The forces are A = 40 lb, E;
B = 80 lb, N; C = 70 lb, W; and D = 20 lb, S. Find the resultant force on the ring.
Rx = +40 lb – 70 lb = -30 lb
Ry = 0 + 80 lb - 20 lb = +60 lb
60
( −30 ) + ( 60 ) ; tan φ =
2 2
R= ; R = 67.1 N, 116.60
−30
13
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
*3-29. Two forces act on the car in Fig. 3-27. Force A is 120 N, west and force B is 200 N at 600
N of W. What are the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the car?
173
Resultant direction: tan φ = ; φ = 38.20 N of W ; R = 280 N, 141.80
−210
*3-30. Suppose the direction of force B in Problem 3-29 is reversed (+1800) and other parameters
are unchanged. What is the new resultant? (This result is the vector difference A – B).
−173
Resultant direction: tan φ = ; φ = 83.4 0 S of W ; R = 174 N, 253.40
−20
30.4
R = (−62.6) 2 + (30.4) 2 R = 69.6 lb tan φ = ; φ = 25.90 N of W
−62.6
14
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
*3-32. Determine the resultant of the following forces by the component method of vector
−426
R = (296) 2 + (−430) 2 ; tan φ = ; R = 519 N, 55.20 S of E
296
*3-33. Three boats exert forces on a mooring hook as shown in Fig. 3-29. Find the resultant of
835
R = ( −173) 2 + (835) 2 ; tan φ = ; R = 853 N, 78.30 N of W
−173
Challenge Problems
3-34. Find the horizontal and vertical components of the following vectors: A = (400 N, 370);
70 N 400 N
B = 90 m, 3200); and C = (70 km/h, 1500).
C A
0 0
Ax = 400 cos 37 = 319 N; Ay = 400 sin 37 = 241 N 300 370
400
Bx = 90 cos 400 = 68.9 N; By = 90 sin 400 = 57.9 B
90 N
Cx = -70 cos 300 = -60.6 N; Cy = 70 sin 300 = 25.0 N
15
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
3-35. A cable is attached to the end of a beam. What pull at an angle of 400 with the horizontal
3-36. A fishing dock runs north and south. What must be the speed of a boat heading at an
3-37. Find the resultant R = A + B for the following pairs of forces: A = (520 N, south); B =
18
(b) R = ( −15) 2 + (18) 2 ; tan φ = ; R = 23.4 N, 50 .20 N of W
−15
*3-38. Determine the vector difference (A – B) for the pairs of forces in Problem 3-37.
Change B into the vector –B, then ADD:
(a) R = (269) + (520) = 585 N
2 2
(a) -B = 269 N A
R
φ 18 m/s
520
tan φ = ; R = 585 N, 62.60 S of E A φ
295 R
520 N (b) -B =15 m/s
18
(b) R = (15) 2 + (18) 2 ; tan φ = ; R = 23.4 N, 50.20 N of E
15
*3-39. A traffic light is attached to the midpoint of a rope so that each segment makes an angle
of 100 with the horizontal. The tension in each rope segment is 200 N. If the resultant
force at the midpoint is zero, what must be the weight of the traffic light?
T T
Rx = Σ Fx = 0; T sin 100 + T sin 100 – W = 0;
16
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
*3-40. Determine the resultant of the forces shown in Fig. 3-30 B = 200 lb
*3-42. A 200-N block rests on a 300 inclined plane. If the weight of the block acts vertically
downward, what are the components of the weight down the plane and perpendicular to
*3-43. Find the resultant of the following three displacements: A = 220 m, 600; B = 125 m, 2100;
681
.
tan θ = ; θ = 22.30 ; R = 180 m, θ = 22.30
166.4
17
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
3-44. Consider three vectors: A = 100 m, 00; B = 400 m, 2700; and C = 200 m, 300. Choose an
appropriate scale and show graphically that the order in which these vectors is added does
not matter, i.e., A + B + C = C + B + A. Is this also true for subtracting vectors? Show
3-45. Two forces A = 30 N and B = 90 N can act on an object in any direction desired. What is
the maximum resultant force? What is the minimum resultant force? Can the resultant
force be zero?
A + B = 30 N + 90 N = 120 N
B - A = 90 N – 30 N = 60 N
No combination gives R = 0.
*3-46. Consider two forces A = 40 N and B = 80 N. What must be the angle between these two
18
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
θ between A and B must be > 900. Applying the law of cosines to the triangle, we can
133.40.
*3-47. What third force F must be added to the following two forces so that the resultant force is
−92.2
F = (97.4) 2 + ( −92.2) 2 = 131 N tan φ = ; φ = −43.30 And θ = 3600 – 43.40
97.4
Thus, the force F has a magnitude and direction of: F = 134 N, θ = 316.60
*3-48. An airplane needs a resultant heading of due west. The speed of the plane is 600 km/h in
still air. If the wind has a speed of 40 km/h and blows in a direction of 300 S of W, what
direction should the aircraft be pointed and what will be its speed relative to the ground?
Noting that R = Rx and that Ax +Bx = Rx, we need only find sum of x-components.
0
Ax = -600 cos 1.91 = 599.7 km/h; Β x = 40 Cos 300 = -34.6 km/h
19
Chapter 3 Technical Measurement and Vectors Physics, 6th Edition
R = -599.7 km/h –34.6 km/h; R = -634 km/h. Thus, the speed of the plane relative to the
ground is 634 km/h, 00; and the plane must be pointed in a direction of 1.910 N of W.
*3-49. What are the magnitude F and direction θ of the force needed to pull the car of Fig. 3-32
68.4
F = (212) 2 + ( 68.4) 2 ; tanθ = ; R = 223 lb, 17.90 N of E
212
20