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    Schematic Diagram of A CNC Machine: CNC System Command Spindle Head Encoder

    Uploaded by

    Naveen Kumar
    The document describes the components and operation of a CNC machine system. It contains block diagrams that show: 1) The typical components of a CNC system including a microprocessor, memory, interface for operator controls, axis interface for commanding movement and receiving feedback, and interface for machine peripherals. 2) An open loop control system where movement is commanded but actual position is not fed back, so there is no check that the desired position is reached. 3) A closed loop control system where actual position is fed back and compared to the command, with the error used to drive the system until the commanded position is reached.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Schematic Diagram of A CNC Machine: CNC System Command Spindle Head Encoder

    Uploaded by

    Naveen Kumar
    184 views5 pages
    The document describes the components and operation of a CNC machine system. It contains block diagrams that show: 1) The typical components of a CNC system including a microprocessor, memory, interface for operator controls, axis interface for commanding movement and receiving feedback, and interface for machine peripherals. 2) An open loop control system where movement is commanded but actual position is not fed back, so there is no check that the desired position is reached. 3) A closed loop control system where actual position is fed back and compared to the command, with the error used to drive the system until the commanded position is reached.

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    The document describes the components and operation of a CNC machine system. It contains block diagrams that show: 1) The typical components of a CNC system including a microprocessor, memory, interface for operator controls, axis interface for commanding movement and receiving feedback, and interface for machine peripherals. 2) An open loop control system where movement is commanded but actual position is not fed back, so there is no check that the desired position is reached. 3) A closed loop control system where actual position is fed back and compared to the command, with the error used to drive the system until the commanded position is reached.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    184 views5 pages

    Schematic Diagram of A CNC Machine: CNC System Command Spindle Head Encoder

    Uploaded by

    Naveen Kumar
    The document describes the components and operation of a CNC machine system. It contains block diagrams that show: 1) The typical components of a CNC system including a microprocessor, memory, interface for operator controls, axis interface for commanding movement and receiving feedback, and interface for machine peripherals. 2) An open loop control system where movement is commanded but actual position is not fed back, so there is no check that the desired position is reached. 3) A closed loop control system where actual position is fed back and compared to the command, with the error used to drive the system until the commanded position is reached.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    CNC System Spindle head

    Command
    Encoder
    PLC NC Servo- Servo-motor
    value drive

    Tacho Lead
    generator screw
    Velocity Workpiece

    feedback Table
    Position feedback

    Tape reader
    Tape punch
    Other devices

    Inputs
    Machine
    elements
    Outputs

    SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CNC


    MACHINE
    BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A CNC SYSTEM

    The block diagram of a typical CNC system is shown in the figure. The microprocessor along with associated hardware does
    the function of data storage, motion path calculation, command generation etc. The intelligence needed for the execution of these
    functions is in the form of a series of instructions to the microprocessor and is called “executive program”, which resides in memory.
    The output interface has provision for connecting external peripheral devices needed for data transfer. The operator’s control panel
    and CRT is used as a media by which the operator communicates with the system. The axis interface does the function of command
    generation and feedback signal processing. The peripheral to machine interface (PMI) does the machine oriented functions like spindle
    speed decoding, tool functions and miscellaneous functions like coolant switching and lubrication control, interfacing with the push
    buttons, limit switches, pressure switches, float switches, proximity switches etc.
    BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL CNC SYSTEM
    Set of commands

    Operator Control Microprocessor


    Panel Memory and
    and CRT Associated H / W

    Panel Interface

    Axis Drive
    Axis interface

    M
    I / O interface

    Feedback
    C N C System

    Peripheral to
    Machine (PMI)
    Interface

    To electrical panel of machine


    OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM
    In this system the machine slides are commanded and moved to a position but the information of the actual movement of the
    slide is not feedback to control system. There is no check on the actual position reached with reference to the desired position as
    directed by the command. The feed drive used is a stepper motor or electro hydraulic stepper motor. When a single pulse is given to
    these motors, they move through discrete angles thus achieving the desired position. The disadvantage of this type of system is that
    there is no check on the final position reached.

    BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

    Command

    Control Lead Screw


    System M LOAD
    Amp
    CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM
    In a closed loop control system, a position–measuring device is used to feed the information regarding the actual position of
    the machine tool back to the system. The control system compares the actual position with the input command continuously and the
    difference between these two positions is processed and amplified to drive the slides until the commanded position is reached i.e. till
    this difference or error between final and commanded position is reduced to zero.

    BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

    Command

    Control Lead Screw


    System Amp M LOAD
    Scale

    Position feed back signal

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