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LESSON 1 – January 27th, 2016 leave – support, in favour of – end – be ready to –

A. Complete the blanks with the verbs go, come, reach or get. be shown / performed – do (usually sth wrong)
...better...a decision...to terms with...into trouble...dark...to sleep...rid of...ready 1. What's on this weekend at the theatre?
...the sack...in handy...revenge...red...an agreement...lost....the job...on sb’s nerves 2. We were promised that the hard times would be over soon.
...off sb's back...down to business...over the top...even with 3. I was about to leave home when some unexpected visitors arrived.
B. Complete the sentences w ith the collocations / expressions in the list below. 4. I'm for the mayor's plan to relocate the town hall.
Use each one only once. 5. What are the boys up to? Don’t tell me they’re ruining the garden again!
in somebody's shoes - on top of - in search of - on the safe side – 6. I must be off now. My parents are expecting me for dinner.
in charge of - in trouble with D. Grammar Revision (Tenses).
1. Mr Johnson is ..........................the company’s marketing department. Read the text below and complete each blank w ith one word. All missing words
2. People who systematically cheat the tax system will one day be... …………the are auxiliary verbs (is, was, have, has, had, do, does, did, etc.).
Tax Department. My life (1).......... improved a lot since last year. You see, before that I (2)..........
3. The doctor insisted that I should be given a thorough check-up just to be………… been working in the same job for five years and I (3)............beginning to feel rather
4. The children wandered around the neighbourhood.......................... their lost dog. bored. I (4).............getting ready to apply for another job when one day my boss
5. Nobody would want to be…………....., not with all those debts he has to pay off. called me into her office. "Our company (5)............ planning to expand overseas,"
6.After weeks of hard work, Kevin was confident he was finally…….... the situation. she said. "We (6)........... thinking of starting with Spain, therefore we will (7).............
C. Phrasal Verbs. Read the sentences on the left and replace the phrasal verbs needing some of our best employees to support our new branch there. (8)............ you
with their similar words or phrases in the list below. think you would be interested in a transfer?" Naturally I accepted, although at the
stop by, visit - inherit - find by chance - regain consciousness - time I (9)........... not know that they (10)........... also going to promote me to assistant
be taken ill with - think of and suggest manager. By the end of this month, I will have (11)........... living in Madrid for a
I. COME. year. You can't imagine how exciting my life (12)........... become.
1. While cleaning the basement, I came across something I thought I had lost years E. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, Past Progressive, Present
ago. Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive and complete the boxes w ith the
2. Joe came into a lot of money, which changed his life completely. time words below. Use each time word only once.
3. Why doesn’t Julie come round to our place anymore? for – while – yet – still – when – ago – already – since
4. The scientists took months to come up with a solution to their problem. Q1. .............. Mary................... (have) a bath yesterday evening, I was in the kitchen.
5. Richard came down with a bad cold the day before his exams. I ....................(cook) her favourite dish because I ................... (want) to surprise her.
6. It took the woman a few minutes to come round / to after she had fainted. …………….she................(come) into the kitchen, she couldn't believe her eyes!
II. GO. Q2. Jim: Mum, I...................(look) for my black belt .............. the past hour and I
move / travel around, visit - match - explode - start sth - continue doing - .......... .......... (not find) it. ..................you ................. (see) it anywhere?
turn sour, start to decay - examine / discuss in detail - suffer - happen Mother: No, but I think you...................(lend) it to your brother about a week..........
1. They decided to go ahead with their trip despite the bad weather conditions. Jim:Oh,you're right.He.......................(not give) it back to me.I bet he................
2. Once you have finished cleaning, you can go on with your job. (wear) it all week. Where is he now, Mum?
3. The doctor wanted to go over the test results with his patient. Mother: I'm afraid Mark .......... ...........(leave). He ............... (get) up about an hour
4. That tie goes with your suit nicely. before you.................. (do).
5. Luckily no one was injured when the bomb went off. Q3. I .....................(work) on this project ........... this morning but I................. (not
6. While visiting Rome, we went round all the major archaeological sites. finish) it.............. . What am I going to tell my boss?
7. The child went through a lot before recovering completely. F. READING 1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
8. The milk went off after only an hour in the scorching heat. space. Use only one word in each space.
9. What’s going on in there? Open the door! MONEY
III. BE

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There is no doubt that money, in the form that we know it today. (1).............what 7. A. on B. over C. ahead D. with
keeps modern economic life functioning. Yet, throughout history, money, in 8. A. staff B. crew C. team D. party
whatever form, has provided people (2)............... the ability to buy (3).................sell 9. A. of B. at C. with D. for
goods. 10. A. assistants B. staff C. colleagues D. employees
Thousands of years (4)................. , civilisations (5)................. to rely on the barter 11. A. control B. deal with C. manage D. cooperate
system as a way of exchanging goods. Within this system a person had to exchange 12. A. came B. went C. got D. were
one thing for another. This meant that the two parties involved had to (6).............. an G. TRANSFORMATION. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
agreement as to what they thought their products were worth. Items such (7)............ meaning to the first sentence, using the word given unchanged. You must use
wheat, tobacco and livestock have all been used as money at one time or another. It between two and five words, including the word given.
was not until much later that humans came up (8)........... the idea of money in the
form of metal coins. So why (9)............ the barter system come to an end? The 1. We last went abroad a long time ago. not
answer is simple. Coins were much easier to handle and carry around. Since then, the We...................... a long time.
use of coins has become widespread. It has made commerce simpler and has given 2. When did they start living in the suburbs? have
countries an opportunity (10)...............development by doing business with other How in the suburbs?
countries further afield, which they (11)............... never done business with before. 3. It's the first time she has ever had problems with the authorities. trouble
In recent years, paper money has become more common all over the world, as it is She................................................ with the authorities before.
easier to use. It (12)............... not be long, however, before plastic cards take over 4. When Carl was young, he went to a holiday camp every summer. used
completely, replacing coins and paper money. When Carl was young, he............................ . a holiday camp every summer.
READING 2. A Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best 5. After the earthquake, the government supplied food and medicine to the homeless.
fits each space. provided
FINDING EMPLOYMENT After the earthquake, the government......................................food and medicine.
My first (1).....was as a sales (2)........at a large department store. I wanted to work 6. Lucy hasn't visited me since February. was
part-time, because I was still studying (3)........ university and I was only (4) ..........to The last..........................................................in February.
work a few nights a week. 7. How long has he had this car? bought
I came (5) .......the advertisement in the local newspaper. I remember the interview How long..........................................................this car?
as though (6).........were yesterday. The personnel manager sat behind a large desk. 8. I haven't caught a cold for ages. down
He asked me various questions which surprised me because all I wanted was to work I last..........ages ago.
in sales. An hour later, I was told that I had got the job and was given a contract to
go (7)............ . I was to be trained for ten days before I took my post. Also, as a H. WORD FORMS. Complete the text below with the correct form of the words
member of (8)........... I was entitled to some benefits, including discounts. in capitals.
When I eventually started, I was responsible (9)............the toy section. I really
enjoyed it there and I loved demonstrating the different toys. I was surprised at how AN UNUSUAL OUTING
friendly my (10)........were, too. They made working there fun even when we had to Last week I made a (1)..... to my cousin Alex, offering to 1. SUGGEST
(11) ..........customers who (12).............on our nerves. On the whole, working there take him to an (2)....... park. He was very excited because it 2. AMUSE
was a great experience which I will never forget. was his (3) ......... place. However, from the moment I picked 3. FAVOUR
1. A. occupation B. job C. work D. employment him up, he was very (4) ............which surprised me since his 4. NOISE
2. A. employee B. attendant C. officer D. assistant behaviour was (5)......... very different. At one point, while 5. NORMAL
3. A. in B. on C. at D. for waiting to get on a ride, he disappeared. (6)........, the manager, 6. LUCK
4. A. excellent B. able C. proud D. experienced who was very (7).........found him an hour later amongst a 7. HELP
5. A. across B. into C. on D. round crowd. Apparently, Alex had seen a famous basketball player 8. APOLOGY
6. A. it B. I C. that D. there and wanted his autograph. He (8)....... to me immediately but I 9. ANGER

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was so (9).......... at him that we left. It was then that I made the 10. DECIDE 1. A member of a political ............. gave a speech in the town centre last night.
(10)......... never to take Alex out again. 2. The teaching……........ at our school have formed a basketball team.
3. The search............ had no luck in finding the missing child.
4. The ship's........... served drinks as the ship set sail.
E. aim – goal – intention – challenge –success –ambition
1. The Maths problem was a(n)............... and took me over an hour to solve.
2. The.............of environmental organisations is to stop environmental destruction.
1...................2............................3...........................4......................5........................ 3. People with ……….will always try to achieve their……
6...................7..............................8..........................9. ....................10. ...................... 4. Their first album was a great……… and sold two million copies worldwide.
5. I have no .............of changing my plans for tonight.
F. achieve – fulfil – cope – deal – face – succeed
1. John .............. in convincing his boss to give him the day off.
2. He doesn’t ............ with crisis situations very well.
3. Despite his health problems, Joe ............ his ambition to play in the local football
team.
4. The Johnstons are............financial difficulties after Mrs Johnston lost her job.
LESSON 2 (January 28th, 2016) 5. Kim put a lot of work into her project and................excellent results.
WORDS OF CAREERS. Use the correct form of the words in the boxes to 6. During his career as a teacher, he has.............with students from different
complete the sentences in each group A-H below. You may use some of the backgrounds.
words more than once. In some cases, more than one word may be correct. G. manage – run – operate – undertake
A. job – occupation – work – employment – profession 1. You have to read the instructions carefully before you...................he photocopying
1. People in the medical ...................work long hours. machine.
2. In order to get a(n) ..............as a computer analyst, you need a degree in computer 2. Brett couldn't find experienced staff so he ……….......his business on his own for
science. a few months.
3. Betty has been out of.............since January. 3. Kate was supposed to.................. the training of the new staff.
4. ............... agencies help people find work in their field. 4. The company is ………..........by two people who share the responsibilities.
5. I was asked to write my present.................on the application form. H. skills – qualities – qualifications – experience
B. task – course – duty 1. To get the job you must have three years’ in telecommunications and the
1. They were set the.............. of cleaning the room after the meeting. necessary………........ one of which is a university degree.
2. It is a nurse's.................to make the patients feel comfortable. 2. Leadership.............quired by a Prime Minister, as well as communication …….…
3. Her marks are quite high, so she can choose between a medical or a 3. Learning to windsurf was a fantastic............. !
law................at university. READING. Read the text below and complete each blank with one word. All
C. employer – employee – colleague – assistant – clerk – officer – the missing words are relative pronouns or adverbs.
attendant Marilyn Monroe, (1)...............was one of the world’s most famous film stars, was
1. The shop............... helped me choose a jumper that suited me. born in 1926. Marilyn, (2)...............real name was Norma Jean Baker, had a
2. The car park............. is responsible for parking customers’ cars. miserable childhood. She grew up in Los Angeles, (3)................she spent most of her
3. All.............. are expected to be at work by 8.30. Our ............ insists on it. early years in foster homes. That’s (4) ...............she still felt lonely even when she
4. Jill worked as a(n) ..............for a law firm before entering politics. became famous. She worked as a model and also played minor roles in various films
5. All my................ at the office are friendly. before making “Niagara”, the film (5)...............made her very popular. In 1954 she
6. Bob is a senior..............in the armed forces. married Joe di Maggio, with (6)..............she entertained American troops fighting in
D. party – crew – staff Korea. She went on to make many films, some of (7)...............were very successful

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such as “Some Like it Hot”, “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes” and “Bus Stop”. Her film control, and they even caused unwanted wars. As time went by, European countries
career ended tragically in 1962, (8) ...........she died at the age of thirty six. built their navies to protect their colonies, and (A) ..................... .
GRAMMAR. Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences. There aren't any pirates in the Caribbean today. But you can see them in books,
1………..Celia was driving to the airport, she realised that she had left her passport movies, and cartoons. You can also see them in the logo of a baseball team: the
at home Pittsburgh Pirates!
A. As soon as B. As C. During D. Until 1. What is the best title for the passage?
2. I will have finished studying........the film starts. A. The History of Piracy in the Caribbean
A. until B. while C. by the time D. once B. Columbus' Discovery of the New World
3 The audience started clapping......the singer came on stage. C. The Hard Lives of Sailors in the Caribbean
A. by the time B. the moment C. while D. just D. The Caribbean Islands: A Place You Must Visit
4. Peter won’t leave........he has finished all his work. 2. Why didn't the Caribbean sailors in the 18th century want to see the skull and
A. until B. by C. just as D. when crossbones? .................................................................................
5. I haven’t heard from him .......we finished school. 3. Where would the following sentence best fit?
A before B. as soon as C. after D. since ' But they also attacked and stole the ships!'
6. Jane was working as a journalist......she was writing her first book. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
A. during B. while C. just as D. once 4. What is the best choice for blank (A)?
7. My mother used to cry ........she heard this song. A. fought for freedom B. made piracy illegal
A by the time B. the moment that C. whenever D. until C. joined the Spanish navy D. went back to their hometown
8. The police officer returned my driving licence....... he had checked it. 5. The underlined part tells us that pirates ..........
A. just as B. until C. while D. after A. existed only in our imaginations B. have become famous entertainers
9. She burst out laughing...... she saw the clown. C. are used in many works of fiction D.are popular because of their friendly image
A. as soon as B. since C. until D. while 6. What is NOT true about the Caribbean pirates?
10. ....... we got back to the hotel, it was already dark. A. They originated from French people who lived on Hispaninla Island.
A. The moment that B. As soon as C. By the time D. Once B. They once hunted pigs and cattle on Hispaniola Island.
READING 1. The Caribbean Pirates C. They consisted of only French settlers.
Have you ever seen a picture of a human skull and crossed bones? D. England used them to attack Spanish ships.
Today, it’s used to show that something is poisonous. But 18th century Caribbean READING 2. Read the passage and do the exercises that follows.
sailors never wanted to see it. It meant they were faced with pirates! But where did Green Packaging
those pirates come from? Manufacturers are currently competing with each other to produce a form of green
After Columbus discovered the Caribbean islands in 1492. Many Europeans went packaging. Packaging is an important part of marketing these days, but much of it is
there in search of wealth and to establish colonies. The strongest power was Spain, a threat to the environment. There are two reasons for this. The production of such
but people from other countries settled there, too. Among them were some French packaging uses up a great deal of energy, and the cartons, wrappers, etc, are often
people who lived on Hispaniola Island, one of the Caribbean islands. (1) They difficult to dispose of when they become waste material.
hunted pigs and cattle on the island, and sold the dried meat to passing ships. (2) So, People in most countries have become aware of the damage which modern living is
the Spanish chased them from Hispaniola, but this made them hate the Spanish. (3) doing to the environment, and many of them are concerning themselves with the
They went to another island and joined British and Dutch sailors. Soon, they became conservation of the environment for future generations. Thus, both politicians and
pirates who attacked the Spanish! (4) scientists are now looking at the issues of energy-saving and waste disposal with a
Meanwhile, countries like England found that using pirates was a cheap and view to making them more environmentally-friendly.
effective way to attack their rival, Spain. So they hired pirates to attack the Spanish As far as packaging is concerned, it is vital that it is either recyclable or
ships and colonies. However, as the pirates got stronger, they became hard to biodegradable. For example, instead of throwing out newspapers and glass bottles
with their household rubbish, people in several countries are being encouraged to put

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these in special containers to allow the material to be recycled. Some household scientists are now looking at the issues of energy-saving and waste disposal with a
waste, such as vegetable peelings, is naturally biodegradable and so decomposes view to making them more environmentally-friendly.
gradually until it disappears. As far as packaging is concerned, it is vital that it is either recyclable or
Man-made goods are not so easily disposed of. Goods and packaging made of biodegradable. For example, instead of throwing out newspapers and glass bottles
plastic create waste material that is particularly difficult to get rid of. This means that with their household rubbish, people in several countries are being encouraged to
huge landfill sites have to be dug out so as to bury the plastic waste underground, put these in special containers to allow the material to be recycled. Some household
possibly causing problems for future generations. waste, such as vegetable peelings, is naturally biodegradable and so decomposes
Just as much of a problem is industrial waste, since the effluent from factories often gradually until it disappears.
contains chemicals which can lead to the pollution of water supplies. Waste from Man-made goods are not so easily disposed of. Goods and packaging made of
factories has to be monitored carefully in order to avoid this. plastic create waste material that is particularly difficult to get rid of. This means that
Technological advances using nuclear power have added to the waste problem. The huge landfill sites have to be dug out so as to bury the plastic waste underground,
disposal of nuclear waste causes particular concern because it is radioactive and so possibly causing problems for future generations. Just as much of a problem is
possibly dangerous to life. industrial waste, since the effluent [chất thải lỏng] from factories often contains
The high standard of living, which the people of many countries now enjoy, has chemicals which can lead to the pollution of water supplies. Waste from factories
resulted in a huge increase in waste material. This could have a terrible effect on the has to be monitored carefully in order to avoid this. Technological advances using
ecology of the planet. There is no doubt that urgent action must be taken to save our nuclear power have added to the waste problem. The disposal of nuclear waste
environment from possible disaster. causes particular concern because it is radioactive and so possibly dangerous to life.
(1) Match each word in Column A with its meaning in Column B. The high standard of living, which the people of many countries now enjoy, has
(2) Match each word in Column C with its opposite meaning in Column D. resulted in a huge increase in waste material. This could have a terrible effect on the
A B C D ecology of the planet. There is no doubt that urgent action must be taken to save our
1. currently a. supply of power 9. difficult i. solutions environment from possible disaster.
2. environment b. products 10. future j. easy A. Choose the most appropriate word, provided in italics, to complete each of
3. energy c. used again 11. throwing out k. discouraged the sentences. packaging - waste material - pollution - disaster
4. dispose of d. surroundings 12. encouraged l. taken away from 1. Most modem cities face heavy.......................
5. recycled e. is not there anymore 13. problems m. suffer from 2. The....................... caused by the floods led to much suffering.
6. disappears f. harmful 14. often n. past 3. Most things that we buy will have a lot o f.......................
7. goods g. now 15. added to o. collecting 4. ....................... is difficult and expensive to get rid of.
8. dangerous h. remove 16. enjoy p. seldom B. Say whether each of the sentences below is True (T) or False (F).
1. …..The environment suffers when there is heavy packaging of the things we buy.
2. …..Politicians and scientists are not giving any attention to the problems of the
LESSON 3 – February 2nd, 2016 environment.
READING 1. Read this passage again and do the exercises that follows. 3. …..Newspapers and glass bottles can be recycled.
GREEN PACKAGING 4. …..It is difficult to get rid of plastic goods.
Manufacturers are currently competing with each other to produce a form of green 5. …..Rich countries take care to cut down on waste.
packaging. Packaging is an important part of marketing these days, but much of it is C. Answer these questions in full sentences.
a threat to the environment. There are two reasons for this. The production of such 1. What are the two reasons that packaging is harmful to the environment?
packaging uses up a great deal of energy, and the cartons, wrappers, etc, are often 2. Which groups of people are looking at the issues of the environment?
difficult to dispose of when they become waste material. 3. What are the important qualities for packaging to be green?
People in most countries have become aware of the damage which modern living is READING 2. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best
doing to the environment, and many of them are concerning themselves with the fits each space. A NIGHT AT THE THEATRE
conservation of the environment for future generations. Thus, both politicians and

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Going to the theatre brings back happy memories, as it (1)........ me of my very first 6. The electricity will be reconnected........ the bill.
performance on stage, (2)........ was thirty years ago. Parts of that particular night are A. when you will pay B. when you pay
so vivid that I can still picture myself as though it were yesterday. The excitement C. when you are paying D. during you pay
amongst the actors, the (3).......applause and the party after the opening night are 7. There are people who manage to get......... on very little money.
memories which will remain with me for (4)....... . I don’t know how we managed to A. with B. over C. round D. by
do so well. The rehearsals were far from satisfactory because we thought that we 8. The hotel........... we stayed was perfect.
could just have two rehearsals a week (5)......... in fact we needed more. The A. in where B. in which C. which D. that
background (6)....... to the last act weren’t ready until an hour before the beginning 9. The students le ft........... they finished the test.
of the play despite the set builder’s best (7)........ .The director was not satisfied A. as soon as B. as C. while D. until
(8)....... anything and he didn’t even want to show up on the first night. Admittedly, I 10. "What did you do on Saturday?" ~ "We visited the town....our grandfather grew
wouldn’t have wanted to either. (9)........the night finally arrived, we were all a bit up.
worried. I remember (10)........ through the curtain ten minutes before the start and A. which B. that C. where D. when
being amazed (11).......the (12)........of a full house. Finally, it was time for the 11. ... I post that letter for you on my way to the office?
curtain to go up. In the end, we proved the director wrong and everything went like A. Do B. Shall C. Would D. Will
clockwork. 12. He felt he’d really let his team ... when he missed the penalty.
1. A. recognises B. reminds C. recalls D. memorises A. out B. in C. down D. off
2. A. which B. when C. where D. who 13. He’ll never pass his driving test ... he takes some lessons.
3. A. onlookers’ B. viewers’ C. audience's D. spectators’ A. unless B. if only C. provided D. if
4. A. life B. ages C. a while D. time 14. Opposite our house is a nice park ... there are trees and flowers
5. A. where B. when C. which D. whenever A. which B. where C. whose D. that
6. A. images B. visions C. scenes D. sights 15. If you want to help, perhaps you could ... the table for dinner.
7. A. attempts B. efforts C. trials D. tries A. put B. lay C. spread D. place
8. A. by B. in C. at D. with 16. He thinks we’ve invited too many guests, but I say the more the ...
9. A. When B. After C. While D. Until A. nicer B. happier C. merrier D. greater
10. A. glancing B. noticing C. staring D. watching 17. John has taken ... swimming as he wants to keep fit.
11. A. in B. at C. on D. for A. up B. on C. in D. off
12. A. view B. vision C. sight D. image 18. You smell awful! It’s about time you ... a bath.
GRAMMAR. Choose the correct answer. A. have B. will have C. had D. to have
1. The Smiths built a huge house........the outskirts of the town. 19. Lack of funds prevented him ... with his studies.
A. in B. on C. at D. to A. to continue B. with continuing C. continue D. from continuing
2. Once they........we'll talk to them about it. 20. Is she a friend of ... ?
A. came B. will come C. come D. are coming A. yours B. you C. your D. you’re
3. The man........ in the front row is Mrs Davidson's nephew. WRITING. Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Use between two and
A. who is sitting B. where is sitting five words, including the word given.
C. who sitting D. that sitting 1. I last saw Karen when we met up at Dan’s party. SINCE
4. "....... now on, you won't be allowed to use your mobile phones at school!" the I haven’t seen Karen since we met up at Dan’s party.
headmaster warned the students. 2. During the summer we spent two weeks in Rome. STAYED
A. By B. For C. At D. From
5. My grandmother knitted me a jum per......... are too long. During the summer we ................................ two weeks.
A. which the sleeves B. that the sleeves 3. I bought this laptop in March. HAD
C. the sleeves of that D. the sleeves of which I .................................................. March.

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4. A few moments ago I received an email from Stuart. JUST LESSON 4 – February 13th, 2016
I ................................ an email from Stuart. PHONETICS. (a) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs
5. I’ve spent all morning texting and my thumb hurts! BEEN from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions
My thumb hurts because I ................................ all morning! 1. A. follow B. offer C. teacher D. prefer
6. Is this your first visit to England? YOU 2. A. information B. considerate C. explanation D. preparation
................................................................ before? 3. A. holiday B. monitor C. insurance D. instrument
WORD FORMS. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in 4. A. essential B. different C. important D. negation
capitals. 5. A. ensure B. picture C. capture D. pleasure
1. The top model was......dressed in an elegant evening (b) Which word among A, B, C, and D whose underlined part is pronounced
gown. differently from that of the other three.
2. My street is .........because it’s far from any main roads. 1. BEAUTY 1. A. architect B. orchid C. machine D. school
3. Our football team won the .......at the end of the season 2. PEACE 2. A. love B. move C. sun D. son
and received ........from a large company. 3a. 3. A. perceive B. receipt C. believe D. diet
4. There are thousands of........people sleeping in the streets. CHAMPION 4. A. measure B. pleasure C. issue D. leisure
5. I bought a .....dress but its colours faded after I washed it. 3b. SPONSOR READING 1. GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOUR
6. I was fined because I was driving ......... . 4. HOME Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in
7. The directions you gave us were rather......, as we still got Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the
lost. 5. COLOUR corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60
8. I am feeling quite .......... because I didn’t get enough 6. CARE cents.
sleep last night. 7. HELP The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes
9. I got into a business......with my cousin but it ended up 8. SLEEP dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labour exists in two-thirds of the world's
being ........ 9a. PARTNER nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to
10. The musical performance was so ........ that the audience 9b. SUCCESS work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children
gave the orchestra a standing ovation. 10. POWER mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in
11. The witness’ statement didn’t help the police in the 11. VALUE India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.
investigation, so it proved to be .......... . 12. GUILT In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor,
12. The man was found .........of shoplifting and sentenced 13. SUCCESS Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child
to one month in prison. 14. PAIN labour, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig
13. He has ........... completed his postgraduate studies. 15. HARM Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who travelled the world for a year fighting for kids'
14. The new laser treatment can extract teeth ........ . rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters
15. It’s just a .........dog. There is no need to panic. to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and
to stop the misuse of children."
1. ...................................2. .................................... 3. ........................................ One solution to the child-labour problem in poor countries is education. "The future
of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is
4. ...................................5. .................................... 6. ........................................ educated. We are prepared to help build schools."
Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of
7. ...................................8. .................................... 9. ........................................ India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet
maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he
10. ................................. recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his
parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labour rescued Aghan from the

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factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to READING 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
write. indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the
skills they need for such everyday (1)..... as reading a newspaper or managing theừ
1. What is an example of dangerous work done by a child? money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2)......for a job
A. stitching a soccer ball B. knotting carpet threads or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and
C. mixing gunpowder D. none of the above obtain a (3)......or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields,
2. When young children are forced to work, …… like computer operation or police work, (4) ... satisfactory completion of special
A. they never see their families. B. they work but never get paid. training courses.
C. they are punished if they do not work hard. D. they are always sold as slaves. Education is also important (5)....... it helps people get more out of life. It increases
3. Child labour is most common in….. then knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them acquire the skills that
A. countries that make firecrackers. B. poor countries. make life more interesting and enjoyable, (6)....... the skills needed to participate in a
C. countries that have slavers. D. countries that make carpets. sport, paint a picture, or play a musical (7)........ Such education becomes (8)........
4. The children who work are often….. . important as people gain more and more leisure time.
A. treated well B. paid generously Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become necessary
C. misused D. all of the above because social changes today take place with increasing speed and (9)....... the lives
5. When children are used to work for unfair wages in poor working conditions, it is of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and
best described as ….. provide him (10)....... the skills for adjusting to them.
A. an abuse of working children. B. hard work. 1. A. works B. jobs C. actions D. activities
C. a poor working environment. D. unfair labour practices. 2. A. do B. prepare C. make D. work
6. According to the article, children who work under poor conditions, …. 3. A. license B. card C. diploma D. paper
A. start to work only after age 13. B. start to work only after age 12. 4. A. requires B. requiring C. require D. to requree
C. make only 60 cents an hour. D. may make only 60 cents a day. 5. A. therefore B. despite C. although D. because
7. According to the article, what is the best way to keep many children from falling 6. A. such as B. for instance C. such that D. for example
victim to the abuse of child labor in the future? 7. A. appliance B. equipment C. instrument D. device
A. Help poor countries educate their children. 8. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. increasingly
B. Refuse to buy products made in countries that abuse child labour. 9. A. effect B. affect C. affective D. effective
C. Rescue each child. 10. A. with B. for C. in D. to
D. none of the above WRITING 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that has the
8. Why do families allow young children to go to work? same meaning as the original one.
A. They don't know how bad it is. 1. I didn't know you were coming, so I didn't wait for you.
B. The grownups don't want to work. A. If I had known you were coming, I would wait for you.
C. The families are very poor and need the income. B. I would have waited for you if I knew you were coming.
D. The children are paid a lot of money. C. Had I known you were coming, I would have waited for you.
9. How do you know Aghan was not happy making carpets away from his family? D. If I had know you were coming, I would have waited for you.
A. He dreamed of learning to write. B. He was rescued. 2. When I picked up my book I found that the cover had been torn.
C. He cried for his mother. D. He lives in a shelter. A. Picking up my book, the cover had been torn.
10. In New Delhi, Aghan…… B. On picking up the book, I saw that the cover had been torn.
A. worked for a group that is opposed to child labor. B. received an education. C. The cover had been torn when my book picked up.
C. lived with his family. D. made carpets. D. Picked up, the book was torn.
3. He is a man of extreme honesty.

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A. He is an extremely honest man. B. It is extremely honest that he is a man. 5. You need to have a lot of ............ to become an actor or actress.
C. It is of extreme honesty to a man like him. D. He is an extreme honesty man. CONFIDENT
4. I do physical training because I want to keep fit. 6. My ............ with Selina began when we were both six years old. FRIEND
A. I want to keep fit because I do physical training. 7. I love sitting on my new sofa. It's so ......... COMFORT
B. I want to do physical training so I keep fit. 8. She chose light-coloured furniture to ......... up her dull flat. BRIGHT
C. I do physical training in order to keep fit. 9. It’s certainly .......to drive at high speed. DANGER
D. So as to do physical training, I keep fit. 10. August is a ....... month in our city, as everyone is away on holiday. PEACE
5. The sea was so cold that we couldn't swim in it. 11. The .......... held up the bank and stole £200, 000. ROB
A. The cold sea helped us to swim. 12. Nobody could find the ............ to the difficult Maths problem. SOLVE
B. We couldn't swim with such a cold sea. 13. Even though they had financial difficulties, they were .......... married. HAPPY
C. The cold sea prevented us from swimming in it. 14. I feel very ...... today. I think I’ll have some coffee. SLEEP
D. It was such a cold sea that we could swim WORD CHOICE. Choose the correct option for each sentence.
WRITING 2. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to My English teacher is great! She lived in the UK for a year and she often speaks to
the first sentence, using the word given unchanged. You must use between two us 1) on/about life there. She always speaks 2) to/about us in English and that really
and five words, including the word given. helps us too. We do lots of interesting things in class – sometimes we 3)
1. Here’s the house where I lived as a child. (in ) translate/listen English pop songs. We do the easy bits and our teacher 4)
Here’s the house..........................................................as a child. explains/means the difficult bits to us. Sometimes, our teacher invites her English-
2. I don’t know what made her quit her job. ( reason ) speaking friends into our class to talk 5) to/at us about different things. We can’t
I don’t .......................................................... she quit her job. always 6) understand/hear everything they say but we enjoy it anyway. Last year,
3. Passengers wishing to get up can do so after the seat belt light has gone off. who she invited a Scottish friend to the classroom – he 7) pronounced/meant words in a
Passengers.................................... can do so after the seat belt light has gone off. very interesting way! I think there are a lot of English words which are difficult to 8)
4.He didn’t study enough for his exams, so he failed two of them. (caused ) say/speak. Our teacher often asks us to listen and 9) repeat/understand. I think it’s
He didn’t study enough for his exams...................................... two of them. really useful to 10) speak/say a foreign language because then you can talk 11)
5. He always checked his car tyres before setting off on a journey. ( until ) to/about people in their own language.
He never set off on a journey...........................................his car tyres. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels and there were only a couple that I didn’t LESSON 5 – February 18th, 2016
enjoy (most ) I. PHONETICS. Which word among A, B, C, and D whose underlined part is
=>I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels,......................................... I enjoyed. pronounced differently from that of the other three.
7. Dr Williams is a cardiologist and has his surgery on the second floor. 1. A. moustache B. ocean C. celebrate D. special
(Whose) 2. A. character B. cart C. chemistry D.chimney
Dr Williams,........................................... on the second floor, is a cardiologist. 3. A. society B. social C. cellar D. proceed
8. Last week Phil took part in a spelling competition and won first prize. ( in ) 4. A. chain B. choice C. choir D.chocolate
Phil won first prize in a spelling competition....................................... last week. 5. A. sufficient B. deficiency C. precious D.concentration
WORD FORMS. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in 6. A. describe B. science C. scenic D. scepter
capitals. 7. A. touch B. much C. yacht D. Dutch
1. My sister’s very............and she never stays out late because that worries my mum. 8. A. archive B. change C. church D. achieve
(THOUGHT) 9. A. pace B. race C. lose D cellphone
2. Our teacher is really ............ and makes us laugh with her stories. FUN 10. A. chronic B. molecule C. critic D. scenery
3. I get on well with my brother and there’s no sibling ............ at all. RIVAL II. READING 1.
4. My dad can’t wear ............ jumpers because they irritate his skin. WOOL SMART EXERCISE (READING CHALLENGE 3)

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Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play between hitting the 3. The minimum amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is........
books. Based on information they have collected over the years, researchers have A. Three hours per week B. Forty hours per week
seen an apparent connection between exercise and brain development. Judy C. Three hours per day D. Forty hours per month
Cameron, a researcher at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain 4. Why is yoga recommended for seniors?
development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood A. It is easy on joints. B. It does not increase the heart rate.
vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Cameron C. It can be done in groups. D. It includes learning new motions.
claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. She says, “While we 5. What type of patient does a pediatrician probably treat?
already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical A. Poor people B. Children C. Animals D. Old people
changes in the brain.” (2) Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the underlined
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies word or phrase.
who do things that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater a. connect; link b. related to the body and exercise
brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a c. actually; in fact d. become wider or more accessible
little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician, believes in e. movement f. recent past; a time not long ago
the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities children have 1. ...............She is literally the best student in school.
in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as 2. ...............I hate sports, but I still have to take a physical education class in school.
babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses,” says Barnes. 3. ...............Your short-term memory can get worse with age.
“They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as 4. ................Motion of our bodies can improve how well we think.
they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher 5. ...............Some researchers associate exercise with brain development.
learning.” 6. ...............Exercise causes blood vessels to open up so blood flows more easily.
The benefits of exercise on the brain are not just for babies. Older people can beef III. WORD FORMS 1. Complete the text below with the correct form of the
up their brains by working out as well. Researchers at Cornell University studied a words in capitals.
group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a Many people consider (1)........to be the most important (2).... 1. FRIEND
short-term memory increase of up to forty percent after exercising just three hours a they can have. It is (3)......to have a friend you can talk to and 2. RELATION
week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the share (4).... experiences with. However, it is important to 3. WONDER
heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should choose friends (5) ...... An ideal friend should be (6)...... and 4. VALUE
involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or when any difficulties arise, hopefully be there for us. Of 5. CARE
tai-chi, helps open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a course, there will be times when we might be (7).... of our 6. THOUGHT
long time. friends. But, we should always talk things through in a (8).... 7. DOUBT
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. way and find a solution to our problems. Moreover, we should 8. SENSE
The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. Your brain can benefit from as be careful not to be (9)…..Without honesty, the bond between 9. TRUTH
little as two to three hours of exercise a week. friends is (10)......and not worth anything at all. 10. USE
(1) Choose the best answer.
1. What is the main idea of this reading? IV. WORD FORMS 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
A. How to exercise B. How exercise helps the brain words in capitals.
C. How to get good scores on a test D. How the brain can change 1. Don’t use that information in the essay. It’s ........... RELEVANT
2. According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain 2. If I don’t set my alarm clock, I always ............... . SLEEP
development? 3. Some kids in my class are ............. and tell lies really easily. HONEST
A. Exercise makes us less intelligent. 4. I can’t see why we need to put the numbers in this order. It’s ..... . LOGICAL
B. The brain needs special mental exercise. 5. When you’re writing an email, you can use idioms because it’s………..FORMAL
C. The more exercise, the bigger the brain. 6. He let his ten-year-old son drive his car! That’s completely……..RESPONSIBLE
D. Physical exercise helps us think better.

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7. The ..........killer, Jack the Ripper, is the subject of many novels and films. Mike: I've narrowed down my choices to two (0) rather large countries, France and
FAMOUS Mexico. What do you think?
8.Many ………......have written about the reign of Richard III. HISTORY Jim: Well, France is one of (1) the …. countries in Europe. Did you know it's twice
9. When they were constructing the new supermarket, they……. ... several skeletons. (2) ....... the UK? Since you've got eight weeks off (3) ....work, you could go on a
(EARTH) cycling tour of the country.
10. They will announce the ……….of the vote at about three o’clock. COME Mike: I'd like to visit (4)… Alps and Mont Blanc, which is (5).... than any other
V. WORD STUDY 1. Complete the sentences with the collocations / expressions mountain in Western Europe. I suppose I could also go on long walks in the country,
in the list below. as the climate there is similar (6).... that in Britain.
the other day – all day long – call it a day – at times – on time – in time – Jim: Really? I think it's (7).... warmer. Especially on the Riviera, the Mediterranean
pass the time – ahead of its time – time and time again – for the time being in winter is (8) …..temperature as the British coastal waters are in summer! I can
1. Despite technical problems, the flight left.... really picture you, tanned and relaxed, tasting delicious local specialities (9)….
2. We’ll be getting a new printer next month.So, .......we have to put up with this one Camembert cheese, frogs' legs and snails!
3. Most engineers agreed that the car’s design was ..... Mike: Come on, that sounds disgusting!
4. I started a conversation with the person sitting next to me on the bus to ...... Jim: Apparently, they taste (10) …better than they sound.
5. I saw Sally...... Did you know that she had broken her leg? Mike: I don't know. I'd rather go to Mexico and eat tortillas and chilli every day!
6. The match started at 7 pm and Jack arrived just.......for the kick-off. 0. A. rather B. most C. far D. too
7. Let’s .....and go home.We’ve been working for over twelve hours w ithout a break 1. A. larger B. largest C. the larger D. the largest
8. He keeps making the same mistake ....... 2. A. bigger than B. as big as C. so big as D. as bigger than
9. I find it very difficult to agree with you.......Your views can sometimes be extreme 3. A. a B. the C. some D. Ø
10. I have been sleepy ....... …..today. I don’t know what’s the m atter with me. 4. A. an B. the C. some D. Ø
VI. WORD STUDY 2. Read the sentences and complete them with the correct 5. A. higher B. highest C. the higher D. the highest
form of the verbs hold, run, catch or keep. 6. A. as B. with C. to D. of
1. The student was .......... in the act of cheating by the examiner. 7. A. more B most C. much D. quite
2. I just need you to ...........an eye on Sam while I go out. 8. A. the same B same C similar D. the similar
3. Jenny will certain ly........... everyone's attention with that dress she's wearing. 9. A such B as C. like D. so
4. Blue eyes and red hair……..... in my family. Only my aunt has brown eyes. 10. A pretty B. far C. the D. more
5. When my grandmother was in hospital, I used to …....... her company in the VIII. WRITING. Rewrite the following sentences so that each that keeps the
afternoons. same meaning as the original.
6. Mary is moving to another city, but we promised to ….... in touch w ith each other 1. She didn’t say a word as she left the room.
7. ............. a business requires many skills and expertise. She left ......................................................
8. You can't rely on Roger. Actually, he's the kind of person that can't..... ..a promise. 2. They think the owner of the house is abroad.
9. The winner of the marathon had to…. ........his breath before speaking to the The owner ......................................................
journalist. 3. Speaking English fluently is not easy.
10. Please..............in mind that smoking is not allowed in this building. It ......................................................
11. We all........ our breath when the winner of the com petition was being announced 4. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night.
12. As I was running to ……... the bus, I slipped and fell. I wish ......................................................
13. Can you …...... a secret? Jane is organising a surprise party for Kevin’s birthday! 5. She asked John how he liked her new dress.
14. The children ………... hands while walking down the street. “How ......................................................?"........
VII. READING 2. Choose A , B, C, or D to complete the following dialogue. 6. A train leaves at eight o’clock every morning.
Jim: Have you made up your mind about where to go on holiday? There is ......................................................
7. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.

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It can’t...................................................... The third area of concern is the threat posed to the environment by genetically
8. I would like you to help me to put the chair away. engineered food ingredients, which cause irreversible biological pollution and many
Do you mind ......................................................? types of health risks. In 2002, Greenpeace published the True Food Guide. This
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- helps consumers to select their foods by rating food companies according to their
LESSON 6 – (February 25th, 2016) willingness to use genetically engineered ingredients in their products.
READING 1. Read the passage then do the exercises that follow it. A fourth item on the Greenpeace agenda is the protection of marine life. Of
Campaigning for the Earth particular concern are commercial fishing practices that do not protect endangered
In 1971, a small boat set sail from Vancouver, Canada, to Amchitka, one of the species. Greenpeace is also engaged in educating the world community about the
Aleutian Islands connecting North America and Asia. of non-violent protest against effects of global warming.
a nuclear test that was to be conducted by the It was a gesture United States Finally, Greenpeace actively supports measures that will protect the remaining
government. The crew on the Phyllis Cormack included a doctor, a geographer, an ancient forests of the world. With more than 80 percent of the world’s forests already
engineer, a political science teacher, a deep-sea diver, a social worker, a gone, preserving what we have left seems more urgent than ever. In a recent victory,
photographer, and three journalists. Vehement opposition of the test from politicians, the Maisin people of Collingwood Bay, in Papua New Guinea, won a three-year
scientists, government and environmental agencies, as well as the residents of the legal struggle to deny loggers access to their land. Greenpeace played an important
Aleutian Islands, had been staged for months preceding the launch of the Phyllis role in defending the interests of the Maisin in the court case.
Cormack. Despite the protests, the US refused to change its plans to conduct the test. I. Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading.
Sadly, the ship and her crew did not reach Amchitka and failed to prevent the 1. .... The Phyllis Cormack saved wildlife on Amchitka.
nuclear test from occurring. Although Amchitka had not had any inhabitants since 2. .... Greenpeace works to protect the world’s environment.
the mid-nineteenth century and there was no imminent danger to humans, the 3. .... Greenpeace wants to eliminate toxic chemicals.
explosion caused tremendous suffering to local wildlife. It also caused wide-scale 4. .... Less than 20 percent of the world’s forests are already gone.
destruction of the island, including a crater more than one mile wide and sixty feet II. Choose the best answer according to the reading.
deep. The voyage of the Phyllis Cormack did not succeed in stopping the nuclear 1. Which of the following was NOT on the crew of the Phyllis Cormack?
test, but this peaceful demonstration did have a very positive outcome. It attracted A. a social worker B. a teacher C. a politician D. an engineer
world-wide attention and gave birth to the international movement called 2. Where is Greenpeace headquartered?
Greenpeace. A. In the United States B. In more than 40 countries
Today, Greenpeace is an international, non-profit organization with offices in more C. In Vancouver, Canada D. In the Netherlands
than forty countries throughout Asia, Europe, North and South America, and the 3. Why are some people concerned about genetically engineered food?
Pacific. Its headquarters is in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Each office has its own A. They say it causes biological pollution.
board of directors and agenda based on the unique needs of the region. Greenpeace B. They say it tastes bad and is poisonous.
representatives from around the world meet each year to discuss environmental C. They believe it releases toxic chemicals.
issues and concerns of the global community. According to its website, “Greenpeace D. They believe it destroys ancient forests.
exists because this fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. III. Look for the answers to these two questions in the book.
It needs action.” Greenpeace is committed to making the public aware of 1. How does Greenpeace seek change? ……..
environmental abuses. It seeks change through creative, non-violent confrontations 2. What did Greenpeace do in 2002? ……..
between activists and those responsible for harming the environment. IV. Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list. Use each word
Greenpeace is currently working in six major areas where there is significant threat or phrase only once.
to the environment. The first two areas address radiation and chemical contaminants. acid rain  ozone layer  extinction  biodegradable
As its initial action against the nuclear test on Amchitka demonstrated, Greenpeace greenhouse effect  pollutants
stands firm in its commitment to end the production and use of nuclear weapons. It 1. Many scientists think the .................. is warming the Earth’s temperature.
also aims to eliminate toxic chemicals that are released into the environment. 2. ................. has harmful effects on plants and water animals.
3. Several animal species face .................. due to environmental damage.

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4. The .................. protects the Earth from radioactive sun rays. Complete the sentences using the most suitable preposition below.
5. ................. products decompose naturally and merge with the Earth’s soil. to • off • down • on • up • out
6. Automobile exhaust, burning coal, and litter are all types of ……............ 1. It turns ..........that they are from Belarus and they are lovely people.
III. Complete the sentences with these words. 2. Alex was sorry he was turned.........for the job.
funny  good  lazy  lively  old  quite 3. We hadn't seen Mike for ages, and then he suddenly turned ..........
1. Madrid is quite an interesting city. There are lots of things to see there. 4. When we turned ............the lights, we saw that the kitchen was in a terrible mess.
2. My house is ............... and doesn’t have any heating. It’s very cold in winter. 5. Students who have problems can turn ............. the counsellor.
3. Brett is really .............. . He always makes me laugh. 6. We turned.............the water supply while the workmen were fixing the pipes.
4. My mum says I’m .............. . I like to sleep a lot! II. Circle the word that cannot be used with the verb in CAPITAL.
5. I’m quite interested in watching football. I’m not very ........... at playing it though. 1. FORM an idea a memory an impression an opinion
6. Write to me. I’m a very .......... person and I always have a lot to say! 2. PASS the time an exam judgment an expression
READING 2. WORKING IN A ZOO 3. MAKE a comment an attempt a realisation a difference
Zoo-keeping is an (0) .... but fascinating job. A lot of young people say they want 4. KEEP your promise a decision your word your distance
to work (1) .... animals and being a zookeeper is possibly the most interesting of the 5. TAKE the advantage to the time to the opportunity to the trouble to
jobs you could be (2)........ . The job (3).........not just cleaning and feeding the III. Complete the sentences using words from
animals in the zoo but also checking up on them to make sure they are well or if 1. How do you pass.......... at the weekend when it rains?
there are any (4)...........to their behaviour. You will also need to (5)...........after them 2. Will it make........... if I tell you what I think?
if they are sick. You have to be prepared to do more (6)............. boring tasks as well, 3. I don't trust Mike, You should keep...........from him.
such as checking their cages and enclosures. In addition, you have to enjoy working 4. Unfortunately, people often form a negative........of someone because of the way
with people (7)...........you usually have to answer questions from visitors to the zoo. they are dressed.
You don't need to have a lot of (8)........... to be a zookeeper. It is the kind of job that 5. Bob and Sue took ..........plan their holiday route carefully beforehand. They were
(9)........... more on you having an interest in animals and animal behaviour. If you glad they'd done it.
want to apply, it's a good idea to get some experience by doing some volunteer WRITING. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
(10)...........at the weekends. You may also need to be quite fit as you may have to do first, using the word given.
a lot of walking and (11)..............You don't just have to work in a zoo either, as 1. They entered the competition so they could be on television. ORDER
many zookeepers work in wildlife parks, which can be (12)...........more exciting! They entered the competition.............................. on television.
0. A. abnormal B. unexpected C. unusual D. extraordinary 2. The stadium is much too small for the concert. ENOUGH
1. A. by B. with C. for D. beside The stadium...............................................for the concert.
2. A. suggested B. proposed C. shown D. offered 3. Martin started singing when he was 13. BEEN
3. A. considers B. contains C. involves D. needs Martin.................................................he was 13.
4. A. substitutes B. alterations C. departures D. alternatives 4. 'Help us to help the environment,' he said to us. ASKED
5. A. get B. look C. take D. go He.........................................help the environment.
6. A. customary B. unoriginal C. habitual D. routine 5. She is better at acting than her brother. AS
7. A. because B. owing C. so D. therefore Her brother is .........................................as she is.
8. A. preparing B. coaching C. training D. guiding 6. They ask you to switch your phone off in the studio. MUST
9. A. counts B. relies C. trusts D. leans You............................................... your phone on in the studio.
10. A. occupation B. business C. job D. work 7. I think they invented the story about the gorilla! MADE
11. A. holding B. transporting C. carrying D. bearing I think they...............................the story about the gorilla!
12. A. much B. very C. quite D. plenty 8. That dress really suits you! AMAZING
WORD STUDY. That dress...........................................on you!
I. PHRASAL VERBS with TURN 9. He was too tired to work any more. THAT

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He was......................................... he couldn't work any more. 10. I have no idea where I left my trainers. I guess I ......left them at the gym.
10. There's no point going to the market today. WASTE A. must have B. could be C. have to D. should be
It's.................................. going to the market today. 11. Sarah said she....her homework at home.
WORD FORMS. MAKE MONEY FROM BEING ON TV A. was left B. had left C. leave D. is leaving
You can make a career from (0) REALITY (REAL) TV. Some of these television 12. William asked me where.....him.
programmes will pay you to appear in their shows. Others will reward the (1) A. had I seen B. did I C. I saw D. I had seen
.......(WIN). How successful you are depends on how good your (2) 13. Carol told me..... anyone what had happened.
.......(PERORM) is because, after all, these shows are all about (3) ...... A. don’t tell B. not telling C. not to tell D. to not tell
(ENTERTAIN). Other opportunities include being asked to make an (4) ....... 14. Mrs Jones asked me why...... to see the doctor after school.
(APPEAR) on other television programmes. One star of Castaway now has a regular A. I am going B. am I going C. I was going D. was I going
job in a big London (5) .....(MUSIC). The disadvantages are firstly that, in a 15. Mum asked me what...... doing all day while she was at work.
programme like Pop Idol, you have to beat all the other (6) ....... (COMPETE) and A. had I been B. I had been C. have I been D. I have been
in programmes like Big Brother the (7) .... (PRODUCE) will be filming you 24 16. I can't........... to buy tickets for the concert yet.
hours a day. At some stage you are bound to say or do something you may not be (8) A. decide B. succeed C. provide D. afford
.......(PARTICULAR) proud of when you later come out of that unusual situation. 17. Species are being........... by changes in the world’s climate.
No one, other than the other (9).......(CONTEST), will know how extreme the A. cut down B. wiped out C. held back D. put away
situation was and may not empathise with you. If you are (10)....... (FORTUNE) you 18. The recording company............millions of euros in new groups.
may get celebrity status, but it may not be the kind you want! A. invests B. promotes C. donates D. releases
19. Those reality shows really...........on my nerves.
LESSON 7 - March 2nd, 2016 A. take B. test C. get D. give
LEXICO-GRAMMAR. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best completes the 20. He didn’t ...........attention to the teacher’s lectures.
sentence. A. take B. get C. pay D. show
1. Have you...... your accommodation for your holiday to Spain yet? READING 1. The Origin of the Universe
A. booked B. closed C. bought D. taken Throughout recorded history, the origin of the universe has been a topic of ongoing
2. My mum really wants us to go on a ....., but I don’t like the idea of spending a controversy. In particular, debate has centered around how - or if - the universe
week on a boat. began. One school of thought, especially held by Jewish, Christian, and Islamic
A. voyage B. journey C. travel D. cruise religions, is that the universe was created. Thus, there was a time when there was no
3. We spent all day ......from London to Glasgow by bus. universe, and equally, there will be a time when there will be an end to the universe.
A. travelling B. cruising C. journeying D. voyaging On the other hand, some people, like the Greek philosopher Aristotle, did not like
4. What a terrible .......! We spent ten hours stuck in traffic. the idea of the universe having a beginning. He preferred to believe that the universe
A. guide B. ride C. accommodation D. journey had existed and would exist forever and that it was eternal and perfect. One thing
5. When we go on holiday, we’re going to….. a bus to the airport. that these two schools of thought originally had in common was that no matter what
A. have B. catch C. book D. travel the origin or the ending of the universe, the universe itself was static and
6. You..... have told him the truth straight away. It’s too late now. unchanging. In fact, this was a natural belief to have since recorded history is so
A. should B. must C. could D. can short that the universe has not changed significantly in all that time.
7 You must..... really tired when you got to the end of the marathon. In the 19th century, however, evidence began to challenge the idea of a motionless,
A. be B. been C. have been D. being unchanging universe. At this time, Boltzmann, the German physicist, formulated the
8. He ......have left already! He was supposed to be taking me home! Second Law of Thermodynamics. This states that the total amount of entropy, or
A. can’t B. wasn’t able to C. mustn’t D. couldn’t disorder, of the universe always increases with time. Therefore, the universe must be
9. Oliver...... stay up late last night studying for the test. changing in some way for its entropy to increase. Also, according to Newton’s Law
A. should B. could C. must D. had to of Gravity, each star in the universe ought to be attracted to each other and thus start

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falling together and collapsing at a central point. If the universe were motionless, the C. It was slowly expanding. D. It is fifteen billion years old.
result would be an unavoidable collapse. 2. What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
In the 1920s, US astronomer Edwin Hubble observed a critical phenomenon that A. Each star in the universe is attracted to one another.
increased our understanding of the universe. Using a powerful new telescope, he B. All galaxies are moving away from each other.
identified a group of celestial objects outside our own galaxy. By observing the C. Entropy in the universe increases over time.
Doppler Shift of these stars---the way the wavelengths and colors of their light D. There are uniform radio waves throughout space.
changed due to their motion---he realized that they were receding from our own 3. What is the significance of the discovery of uniform radio waves?
position in the universe. In fact, all the observable galaxies were moving away from A. It confirms Aristotle’s belief.
each other! Furthermore, the more distant the galaxy, the faster it was moving away. B. It supports the Big Bang theory.
This observation implied that the universe was expanding. Hubble’s observation led C. It breaks the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
to the assumption that at some point, all matter in the universe was close together. D. It contradicts Newton’s Law of Gravity.
The event that started its expansion is referred to as the Big Bang. According to the III. For the next two questions, look for the answers in the book and write them
Big Bang theory, time and space did not exist prior to the beginning of the on the lines provided.
expansion. Thus, the age of the universe can be calculated from the distance and the 1. What belief did religions and Aristotle hold in common?
velocities of the stars traveling away from us. Due to experimental uncertainties, a 2. What critical phenomenon did Edwin Hubble observe?
definite age still cannot be given for the universe; however, the age of the universe is IV. Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list.
calculated to be between ten to twenty billion years old. Milky Way  observatory  solar  system  cosmology  optical  philosophy
The Big Bang theory has led to many other theories and predictions in science. 1. The galaxy that includes the Earth is called the ............
Physicist George Gamow realized in the 1940s that the early universe must have 2. My ........... of life is “Don’t worry, be happy.”
been extremely hot and dense. As the universe expanded, it would cool down, and 3. ........... is a branch of science that deals with questions about the universe.
the initial hot radiation should eventually be observable as uniform radio waves 4. A(n) ........... houses huge telescopes used to watch stars and planets.
throughout space. In the 1960s, Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias discovered cosmic 5. A(n) ........... telescope is used to gather and focus light and wavelengths.
uniform radio waves that implied a temperature of about 3 degrees above absolute 6. The sun and the eight planets that orbit around it are called the ............
zero (Kelvin). Later, technology enabled scientists to take very detailed READING 2. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best
measurements of this radiation. They confirmed that it is extremely uniform, is of the fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
shape predicted by theory, and has a temperature of 2.7 degrees Kelvin. This PLANET EARTH
observation provides strong support for the Big Bang theory. The television programme Planet Earth was a (0) MAJOR series that was
Another interesting result of the Big Bang theory relates to the movement of the broadcast in many countries. The programme (1)..........at the different environments
galaxies. Though the universe is expanding, the galaxies themselves are not moving. on our planet and the animals that live in these environments. It showed various
Instead, it is the space between the galaxies that is expanding, while the galaxies habitats as (2)..........as plants and animals that have never been seen before on
themselves remain still. It’s much like points drawn on the surface of a balloon. television. Each programme showed different (3)..........of our planet, such as deserts,
When the balloon inflates, only the material stretches out and separates the points. forests, seas and so on, and looked at the way animals and plants (4)...........in these
The points themselves do not actually move. places.
I. Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading. What was interesting w as that it made (5).........reference to the environmental
1. .... People have always agreed on the origin of the universe. problems that face our planet but instead was a (6).........of all the different life forms
2. .... The universe would collapse if it was not moving. on the planet. The series was incredibly popular and the photography was amazing
3. .... Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding. (7).........the photographers working on the series managed to (8)........... some
4. .... The universe is expanding, but galaxies are not moving. wonderful scenes of animals in their natural habitats.
II. Choose the best answer according to the reading. The series attracted huge audiences round the world and won several (9)..........for
1. What did Aristotle believe about the universe? the people who made the programmes. The producers are now (10)..........another
A. It began with the Big Bang. B. It was eternal and perfect. programme called Planet Earth: The Future, which will look at environmental issues,

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such as (11) .........change, and also at how we can save animals which are in danger ............................................quickly, we wouldn’t have survived.
of becoming (12)........... 2. It’s raining and I want it to stop. WISH
0. A. main B. heavy C. major D. large I .............................................................raining.
1. A. inspected B. looked C. viewed D. observed 3. I didn’t go to the party and now I’m sorry. HAD
2. A. greatly B. fully C. much D. well I .....................................................to the party.
3. A. areas B. districts C. divisions D. provinces 4. I didn’t get to my lesson on time because the bus was late. WOULD
4. A. lasted B. remained C. supported D. survived If the bus hadn’t been late, I ....................my lesson on time.
5. A. no B. not C. some D. any 5. The cold weather made it impossible to stay. WARMER
6. A. festival B. anniversary C. performance D. celebration If the weather………….. , we could have stayed.
7. A. due B. as C. so D. owing 6. There’s no other mountain higher in the world than Mount Everest. HIGHEST
8. A. win B. bring C. capture D. earn Mount Everest .............................in the world.
9. A decorations B. rewards C. awards D. premiums 7. Your new car is bigger than I thought it would be. SMALL
10. A making B. composing C. forming D. shaping Your new car I ...............thought it would be.
11 A. atmosphere B. weather C. temperature D. climate 8. My holiday this year wasn’t as good as the one last year. THAN
12 A. lost B. extinct C. inactive D. dead My holiday last year ........................the one this year.
WORD FORMS. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the 9. That ride was more thrilling than all the others. MOST
gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). That ride was............................................of all.
10. John is more scared of spiders than me. AS
THE KILLERS TOUR I am not....................................................John.
As part of their world tour. The Killers performed at -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wembley stadium last night to a (0) PACKED audience. 0. PACK LESSON 8 – Thu., March 3rd, 2016
The atmosphere was (1) ........ as this was their first gig in the 1. READING 1. SIXTH EXTINCTION
UK. When they finally arrived on the stage the audience ELECTRICITY Most species of plants and animals that have ever lived on Earth are now extinct.
went wild and there was a lot of (2)........from the girls! First Though most have become extinct slowly, some have been almost completely wiped
of all they played several (3)....... songs from their new 2. SCREAM out in a sudden, massive, catastrophic event. These mass extinctions have happened
album, which comes out next month. Then they were into 3. FAMILIAR at least five times in the history of the Earth. The first mass extinction occurred
safer territory as they played (4).........numbers from past 4. FAVOUR about 450 million years ago, when sudden changes in sea level, caused by melting
albums, including their most recent hit. glaciers, killed most marine species. The most recent mass extinction was 65 million
The audience loved it and the group has a great stage years ago, when most scientists believe an asteroid struck the Earth in Mexico and
presence, which meant they managed to hold the audience's 5. ATTEND extinguished the dinosaurs.
(5) ........throughout the entire concert. Some of their slower Now scientists claim a “Sixth Extinction” is underway. This extinction is not
numbers were lost in such a huge venue but in general the 6. PERFORM caused by one big event but by a series of human actions that disrupt the
live (6)........... came across well. There were some 7. AMAZE environment. Edward O. Wilson, a Harvard University scientist, estimates that
(7).........good guitar riffs and they generated an atmosphere 8. EXCITE human harm will cause half of all species of life to be extinct by 2100. Scientists say
of (8) ..........and fun with people dancing on their seats by the that human activities are causing biological extinction at a rate hundreds of times
end of the gig. It was a great evening of (9) ........well worth 9. ENTERTAIN faster than ever before.
the cost of the ticket. Certainly their tour looks as if it is 10. SUCCESS Humans cause damage to the Earth in three primary ways. The first is exploitation.
going to be very (10)......... for them. Humans hunt animals for food, clothing, and sometimes just for fun. They also
WRITING. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the collect plants and insects - such as butterflies - for recreation. The second way
first using the word given. humans impact the Earth is by putting alien plant or animal species in new
1. We survived because they found us quickly. IF environments. In Africa, for example, some fisherman put perch from Egypt’s Nile

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River into Lake Victoria. Nile perch like to eat other fish. Since they came, more 2. How can mass extinction of living species lead to the extinction of humans?
than 200 native species of fish have disappeared from the lake. The third way IV. Fill in each blank with the best word from the list. Use each word only once.
humans cause damage is by destroying natural habitats. They clear trees from forests brink  ecosystem  magnitude  deforestation  conserve  wildlife
to build houses, farms, cities, and roads. One of the most terrible instances of habitat 1. Earthquakes are measured on a scale ranging from minor to great depending on
destructions is the cutting down of the tropical rainforests. It is estimated that these their
rainforests, which cover less than 10 percent of the Earth, contain almost half of all .......
the world’s plant and animal species. 2. With a population of less than 350, the California Condors are on the ..... of
Human activity has had a devastating effect on the natural environment. Each year, extinction.
an international organization of scientists releases a special “red list” that updates the 3. One of the main reasons for the destruction of the rainforest is ...........
status of more than 44,000 animal and plant species. In 2008, the organization 4. An .......... is a community of living and non-living things that work together.
reported that 25 percent of our planet’s 5,487 mammals are on the verge of 5. It is important to ....... water when living in the desert.
extinction. It also claimed that almost 40 percent of all species are “threatened” with 6. It is far easier to see ...... in rural areas than in the city.
extinction, including 33 percent of all amphibians, a quarter of the Earth’s V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the list. Use each phrase only once.
coniferous trees, and about 12 percent of all birds. Of all threatened species on the being destroyed  introduce alien plants  kills native species
red list, about 3,000 are “critically endangered,” which means they could disappear continues unchecked  numerous species  cutting down forests
soon. Human activity is a primary reason why (1).....are now extinct and many more are
What would happen to people if the “Sixth Extinction” takes place? Scientists say endangered. The problem is that habitats are (2) ...... not by one single event, but by
life on Earth would be grim. There would not be enough food to eat, and water a series of actions. One example is when people (3).......or animals to a new
would be too polluted to drink. New species of pests and plants would invade the environment where they have no natural predators. This risks disrupting the
natural areas that remain. These invaders could carry new kinds of germs, causing ecological balance in the area and (4)......Humans also damage the Earth by
diseases that human bodies cannot resist. Without plants to help cool the sun, the ice (5)........for development and agricultural purposes. If this trend (6)....., the future of
at the North and South Poles could melt, causing sea levels to rise and wash away the planet will be a grim one indeed.
coastal cities. By wiping out other species, human beings might be paving the way WORD FORMS. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in
for the greatest extinction of all: their own. capitals.
I. Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading.
1. .... Some scientists estimate that half of all species will be extinct in the next 1. I thought the colour of my room was very light, so I 1. DARK
century. decided to paint it ....... 2. MANAGE
2. .... The Earth is facing its third mass extinction in history. 2. A .......director who wants to .....run a company must 2b. SUCCESS
3. .... A higher percentage of bird species face extinction than coniferous trees. take on many ...... 2c. RESPONSIBLE
4. .... Forty percent of all mammals are threatened with extinction. 3. The doctor I'm sending you to……. .......in neurology. 3. SPECIAL
II. Choose the best answer. 4. I didn't have a pen to write down Kevin’s phone 4. MEMORY
1. How many ways does the reading passage indicate that humans harm the number, so I ……...... it. 5. LIVE
environment? 5. Things are ............here in summer than in winter. 6. LUCK
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 6. My friend is ……....than I am when it comes to 6b. PARK
2. Which is NOT an outcome of mass extinction of life on earth? finding …. ....... spaces. 7. LIGHT
A. Rising of sea levels B. Food shortages 7. The new skylight defin itely ........... up the room. 8. THIRST
C. Lack of fresh water D. Natural disasters 8. I am...........now than I was before I had the soft drink. 9. SCIENCE
3. Which kind of animal is the Nile perch? 9............have been working on this project for weeks but 9b. SOLVE
A. amphibian B. fish C. bird D. mammal the problem remains …....... 10. SPEND
III. Look for the answers to these 2 questions in the passage. 10. She keeps............ her money ............ 10b. THOUGHT
1. Why are rainforests important to the planet? 11. I ran the …….....I could to get to the hospital. 11. FAST

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12. We found his behaviour so ....... that we had to leave 12. ANNOY They finally got Jennifer to apply for the position.
the room. 13. CANCEL 8. He always waxes his car on his own. anyone
13. When the teacher told the children that their 13b. DISAPPOINT He never has ...................................................................
excursion would be...............all he could see was a room 14. BORE 9. The children were told to be well-mannered in front of the guests. behave
full of ...... faces. The children were told .......................................................
14. Children learn hardly anything during ................. 10. We had a very good time at the rock concert. enjoyed
lessons. We ...................................................................................
READING 2. Read the text below and decide which answer A , B, C or D best
WORD STUDY. Use the correct form of the words in the boxes to complete the fits each space.
sentences in each group A-B below. You may use some of the words more than Arthur Miller was born in New York in 1915. He was the son of a coat
once. In some cases more than one word may be correct. manufacturer who (1)......control of his business through bankruptcy. This
A. say  tell  speak talk  discuss  debate experience at an early age disturbed Miller and thereafter he was aware of society’s
1. Don't interrupt the teacher while she's........... inadequacies. He would (2)....... them later in his plays by attacking the modern
2. We.... the problem at the meeting so that everybody could give their opinion. (3)......of life.
3. It's so noisy in here that I can't hear what he's....... . Miller's major achievement came in 1949, when he won the Pulitzer Prize for
4. We were amazed to find out that she.... five languages. Drama for his play “Death of a Salesman”, which is still regarded as one of the
5. "Don't........me what to do!" he .... to her in a loud voice. finest contemporary plays. It (4).......the tragic story of an average man destroyed by
6. The panel......women's role in society. false values which get (5)....... the way of developing an honest relationship with his
B. ask  demand  wonder  question  apply sons, who (6)...... of his beliefs and look down on him. (7)....., Miller's plays (8)........
1. The customer..... a full refund because his washing machine didn't work. social issues and deal with matters people are anxious (9)........ .They include themes
2. I'll...... my parents if I can go to the concert. such as how human relationships fall (10)...... the responsibility of the individual and
3. You must..... for a visa if you want to visit China. their purpose in life. One way or another, Miller’s plays analyse (11)....... in detail
4. Bill......whether he would be able to finish his report on time. the troubles people have in their life and (12)...... society's values.
5. The police..... the suspect for hours. 1. A. failed B. lost C. missed D. wasted
6. John..... the waiter for the bill. 2. A. criticise B. disapprove C. complain D. protest
7. Most patients hardly ever......their doctors’ decisions. 3. A. way B. course C. approach D. manner
WRITING. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the 4. A. debates B. says C. tells D speaks
first sentence, using the word given unchanged. 5. A. under B. out of C. by D. in
1. Someone stole Bill's briefcase yesterday. stolen 6. A. argue B. doubt C. object D.disapprove
Bill had .............................................................. 7. A. On average B. On demand C. By force D.At first sight
2. Our flat needs painting before we rent it out. get 8. A. apply B. wonder C. discuss D talk
We need ............................................................... 9. A. of B. about C. with D. for
3. Sheila, make sure they sign the contracts by the end of the day. signed 10. A. in B. behind C out D. apart
Sheila, get .............................................................. 11. A. in pairs B. in person C. in detail D. in half
4. My secretary has rescheduled the meeting for Tuesday. had 12. A. question B. inquire C. ask D. appeal
I have ............................................................................. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Did you know that one of our friends painted this picture? friend KEY TO LESSON 1
Did you know ................................................................ A. get better – reach a decision – come to terms with. – get into trouble – get dark
6. Have some more cheesecake. help – go/get to sleep – get rid of – get ready – get the sack - come in handy – get
Please ............................................................................. revenge – go red – reach an agreement – get lost – get the job – get on sb’s nerves –
7. Jennifer finally agreed to apply for the position. got get off sb's back – get down to business – go over the top – get even with

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B. 1. is in charge of 2. be in trouble with 3. be on the safe side 7. How long is it since he bought this car?
4. in search of 5. to be in his shoes 6. on top of 8. I last came down with a cold ages ago.
C. I. COME. H. WORD FORMS.
1. found by chance 2. inherited 3. stop by / visit 1. suggestion 2. amusement 3. favourite 4. noisy 5. normally
4. think of and suggest 6. Luckily 7. helpful 8. apologised 9. angry 10. Decision
5. be taken ill with 6. regain consciousness -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. GO. KEY TO LESSON 2
1. start 2. continue 3. examine 4. match 5. exploded A. 1. profession 2. job 3. work 4. Employment 5. occupation
6. visted / travelled around 7. suffered 8. turned sour 9. is happening B. 1. task 2. duty 3. course
III. BE. 1. is shown 2. end 3. was ready 4. am in favour of C. 1. assistant 2. attendant 3. employees / employer
5. are doing 6. leave 4. clerk 5. colleagues 6. officer
D. Grammar Revision. D. 1. party 2. staff 3. party 4. crew
(1) has (2) had (3) was I (4) was (5) is (6) are (7) be E. 1. challenge 2. aim / goal 3. ambitions / goals 4. success 5. intention
(8) Do (9) did (10) were (11) been (12) has F. 1. succeeded 2. deal / cope 3. fulfilled 4. facing
E. 5. achieved 6. dealt.
1. While Mary was having a bath yesterday evening, I was in the kitchen. I was G. 1. operate 2. ran 3. undertake 4. managed / run
cooking her favourite dish because I wanted to surprise her. When she came into the H. 1. experience / qualifications 2. skills 3. experience
kitchen, she couldn't believe her eyes! READING.
2. Jim: Mum, I have been looking for my black belt for the past hour and I still (1) who (2) whose (3) where (4) why (5) which / that (6) whom (7) which (8)
haven’t found it. Have you seen it anywhere? when
Mother: No, but I think you lent it to your brother about a week ago. GRAMMAR.
Jim: Oh, you're right. He has not given it back to me. I bet he has been wearing it 1. B. As 2. C. by the time 3. B. the moment 4. A. until
all week. Where is he now, Mum? 5. D. since 6. B. while 7. C. whenever
Mother: I'm afraid Mark has already left. He got up about an hour before you did. 8. D. after 9. A. as soon as 10. C. By the time
3. I have been working on this project since this morning but I have not finished it
yet. What am I going to tell my boss? READING 1. The Caribbean Pirates
F. READING 1. 1. What is the best title for the passage?
(1) IS (2) WITH (3) AND /OR (4) AGO (5) USED (6) MAKE / REACH (7) AS (8) A. The History of Piracy in the Caribbean
WITH (9) DID (10) FOR (11) HAD (12) WILL 2. Why didn't the Caribbean sailors in the 18th century want to see the skull and
READING 2. 1. B. job 2. D. assistant 3. C. at 4. B. able 5. A. across crossbones? Because it meant they were faced with pirates.
6. A. it 7. B. over 8. A. staff 3. Where would the following sentence best fit?
9. D. for 10. C. colleagues 11. B. deal with 12. C. ' But they also attacked and stole the ships!' B. 2
got 4. What is the best choice for blank (A)? B. made piracy illegal
G. TRANSFORMATION. 5. The underlined part tells us that pirates ...... C. are used in many works of
1. We have not been abroad for a long time. fiction
2. How long have they been living in the suburbs? 6. What is NOT true about the Caribbean pirates?
3. She has never had trouble with the authorities. C. They consisted of only French settlers.
4. When Carl was young, he used to go to a holiday camp every summer. READING 2.
5. After the earthquake, the government provided the homeless with food and (1) Match each word in Column A with its meaning in Column B.
medicine. (2) Match each word in Column C with its opposite meaning in Column D.
6. The last time Lucy visited me was in February.

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A C 8. B. in which 9. A. as soon as 10. C. where 11. B. Shall

1. currently g 9. difficult j 12. C. down 13. A. unless 14. B. where 15. B. lay
2. environment d 10. future n 16. C. merrier 17. A. up 18. C. had 19. D. from continuing
3. energy a 11. throwing out o 20. A. yours
4. dispose of h 12. encouraged k WRITING.
5. recycled c 13. problems a 1. SINCE I haven’t seen Karen since we met up at Dan’s party.
6. disappears e 14. often p 2. STAYED During the summer we stayed in Rome for two weeks.
7. goods b 15. added to l 3. HAD I have had this laptop since March.
8. dangerous f 16. enjoy m 4. JUST I have just received an email from Stuart.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. BEEN My thumb hurts because I have been texting all morning!
KEY TO LESSON 3 6. YOU Have you visited England before?
READING 1. WORD FORMS
A. 1. beautifully 2. peaceful 3. championship – sponsorship 4.
1. Most modem cities face heavy pollution. homeless
2. The disaster by the floods led to much suffering. 5. colourful 6. carelessly 7. unhelpful 8. sleepy
3. Most things that we buy will have a lot of packaging. 9. partnership – unsuccessful 10. powerful 11. valueless 12. guilty
4. Waste material is difficult and expensive to get rid of. 13. successfully 14. painlessly 15. harmless
B. Say whether each of the sentences below is True (T) or False (F). -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. T The environment suffers when there is heavy packaging of the things we KEY TO LESSON 4
buy. PHONETICS.
2. F Politicians and scientists are not giving any attention to the problems of the (a)1. D. prefer 2. B. considerate 3. C. insurance 4. B. different 5. A. ensure
environment. (b) 1. C. school 2. B. move 3. D. diet 4. C. issue
3. T Newspapers and glass bottles can be recycled. READING 1.
4. T It is difficult to get rid of plastic goods. 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
5. T Rich countries take care to cut down on waste. READING 2.
C. Answer these questions in full sentences. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
1. What are the two reasons that packaging is harmful to the environment? WRITING 1.
One reason is that packaging uses up energy. Another reason is that the materials 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C
used in packaging are difficult to dispose of. WRITING 2.
2. Which groups of people are looking at the issues of the environment? 1. Here’s the house IN which I lived as a child.
Both politicians and scientists are. 2. I don’t the REASON why she quit her job.
3. What are the important qualities for packaging to be green? 3. Passengers WHO wish to get up can do so after the seat belt light has gone off.
For packaging to be green, it should be either recyclable or biodegradable. 4. He didn’t study enough for his exams, which CAUSED him to fail two of them.
5. He never set off on a journey UNTIL he has checked his car tyres.
READING 2. A NIGHT AT THE THEATRE 6. I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels, MOST of which I enjoyed.
1. B. reminds 2. A. which 3. C. audience’s 4. A. life 5. B. when 6. C. scenes 7. Dr Williams, WHOSE surgery is on the second floor, is a cardiologist.
7. B. efforts 8. D. with 9. A. When 10. A. glancing 11. B. at 12. C. sight 8. Phil won first prize in a spelling competition IN which he took part last week.
WORD FORMS.
GRAMMAR. Choose the correct answer. 1. My sister’s very THOUGHTFUL and she never stays out late because that
1. B. on 2. C. come 3. A. who is sitting 4. D. From worries my mum.
5. D. the sleeves of which 6. B. when you pay 7. D. by 2. Our teacher is really FUNNY and makes us laugh with her stories.

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3. I get on well with my brother and there’s no sibling RIVALRY at all. 1. She left the room without saying a word.
4. My dad can’t wear WOOLLEN jumpers because they irritate his skin. 2. The owner of the house is thought to be abroad.
5. You need to have a lot of CONFIDENCE to become an actor or actress. 3. It is not easy to speak English.
6. My FRIENSHIP with Selina began when we were both six years old. 4. I wish I had finished my homework last night.
7. I love sitting on my new sofa. It's so COMFORTABLE. 5 “How do you like my new dress, John?” she asked.
8. She chose light-coloured furniture to BRIGHTEN up her dull flat. 6. There is a train leaving ay 8 o’clock every morning.
9. It’s certainly DANGEROUS to drive at high speed. 7. It can’t be denied that she has a beautiful voice.
10. August is a PEACEFUL month in our city, as everyone is away on holiday. 8. Do you mind helping me to put the chair away?
11. The ROBBER held up the bank and stole £200, 000. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Nobody could find the SOLUTION to the difficult Maths problem. KEY TO LESSON 6
13. Even though they had financial difficulties, they were HAPPILY married. READING 1.
14. I feel very SLEEPY today. I think I’ll have some coffee. I. True or False 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F
WORD CHOICE. II. Multiple Choice 1. C 2. D 3. A
1. about 2. to 3. translate 4. explains 5. to III. Short Answer
6. understand 7. pronounced 8. speak 9. repeat 10. speak 11.to 1. It seeks change through creative, non-violent confrontations between activists and
KEY TO LESSON 5 those responsible for harming the environment.
I. PHONETICS. 2. In 2002, Greenpeace published the True Food Guide.
1. C. celebrate 2. D. chimney 3. B. social 4. C. choir IV. 1. greenhouse effect 2. acid rain 3. extinction
5. D. concentration 6. A. describe 7. C. yacht 8. A. archive 4. ozone layer 5. biodegradable 6. pollutants
9. C. lose 10. D. scenery READING 2. 0A (abnormal) 1B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6D 7A 8C 9B 10D 11C 12A
II. READING 1 WORD STUDY.
(1) 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B I. PHRASAL VERBS with TURN
(2) 1. c 2. b 3. f 4. e 5. a 6. d 1. OUT 2. DOWN 3. UP 4. ON 5. TO 6. OFF
III. WORD FORMS 1 II. 1. a memory 2. an expression 3. a realisation 4. a decision 5. the trouble to
1. FRIENDSHIP 2. RELATIONSHIP 3. WONDERUL 4. VALUABLE III. 1. How do you pass THE TIME at the weekend when it rains?
5. CAREFULLY 6. THOUGHTFUL 7. DOUBTFUL 8. SENSIBLE 2. Will it make A DIFFERENCE if I tell you what I think?
9. UNTRUE 10. USELESS 3. I don't trust Mike, You should keep YOUR DISTANCE from him.
IV. WORD FORMS 2 4. Unfortunately, people often form a negative OPINION of someone because of the
1. irrelevant 2 oversleep 3 dishonest 4 illogical 5 informal 6 irresponsible way they are dressed.
7. infamous 8 historians 9 unearthed 10 outcome 5. Bob and Sue took THE TIME TO / THE OPPORTUNITY TO plan their holiday
V. WORD STUDY 1 route carefully beforehand. They were glad they'd done it.
1. on time 2. for the time being 3. ahead of its time 4. pass the time WRITING. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
5. the other day 6. in time 7. call it a day first, using the word given.
8. time and time again. 9. at times 10. all day long 1. They entered the competition IN ORDER THAT they could be on television.
VI. WORD STUDY 2 2. The stadium NOT LARGE ENOUGH for the concert.
1. caught 2. keep 3. catch 4. run 5. keep 3. Martin HAS BEEN A SINGER since he was 13.
6. keep 7. Running 8. keep 9. catch 10. keep 4. He ASKED US to help the environment.
11. held 12. catch 13. keep 14. held 5. Her brother is AS GOOD AT acting as she is.
VII. READING 2. 6. You MUST NOT switch your phone on in the studio.
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B 7. I think theyMADE UP the story about the gorilla!
VIII. WRITING. 8. That dress LOOKS AMAZING on you!

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9. He was SO tired THAT he couldn't work any more. 2. There would not be enough food to eat, and water would be too polluted to drink.
10. It's A WASTE OF TIME going to the market today. New species of pests and plants could carry new kinds of germs, causing diseases
WORD FORMS. that human bodies cannot resist, and if the glaciers melt causing sea levels to rise, it
(0) REALITY (1) WINNER. (2) PERORMANCE (3) ENTERTAINMENT. could wash away coastal cities.
(4) APPEARANCE (5) MUSICAL [noun] (6) COMPETITORS (7) IV. 1. magnitude 2. brink 3. deforestation 4. ecosystem 5. conserve 6. wildlife
PRODUCERS V. 1. numerous species 2. being destroyed 3. introduce alien plants
(8) PARTICULARLY (9) CONTESTANTS (10) FORTUNATE 4. kills native species 5. cutting down forests 6. continues unchecked
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WORD FORMS
KEY TO LESSON 7 1. darker 2. managing – successfully – responsibilities 3. specialises
LEXICO-GRAMMAR. 4. memorised 5. livelier 6. luckier – parking 7. lightened up
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 8. thirstier 9. Scientists – unsolved 10. spending – thoughtlessly
11. B 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C 11. fastest 12. annoying 13. cancelled – disappointed 14. boring
READING 1. WORD STUDY.
I. True or False. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F A. 1. talking 2. discussed 3. saying 4. speaks 5. tell – said 6. debated
II. Multiple Choice. 1. C 2. D 3. B B. 1. demanded 2. ask 3. apply 4. wondered 5. questioned 6. asked 7. question
III. Answers.
1. Psychologists believe that these sports give people the feeling they are WRITING.
unstoppable and able to defy the odds. 1. Bill had his briefcase stolen yesterday.
2. Because what were once thought of as “fringe” activities have now become 2. We need to get our flat painted before we rent it out.
mainstream ones. 3. Sheila, get/have the contracts signed by the end of the day.
READING 2. 0. C 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. D 4. I have had the meeting rescheduled for Tuesday.
12. B 5. Did you know that a friend of ours painted this picture?
WORD FORMS. 6. Please help yourself to some more cheesecake.
1. electric 2. screaming 3. unfamiliar 4. favourite 5. attention 7. They finally got Jennifer to apply for the position.
6. performance 7. amazingly 8. excitement 9. entertainment 10. 8. He never has anyone (else) wax his car.
successful 9. The children were told to behave themselves in front of the guests.
WRITING. 10. We enjoyed ourselves very much/a lot at the rock concert.
1. If they hadn’t found us so 2. wish it would stop 3. wish I had gone READING 2.
4. would have got to 5. had been warmer 6. is the highest mountain 1. B. lost 2. A. criticise 3. A. way 4. C. tells
7. isn’t as small as 8. was better than 5. D. in 6. D. disapprove 7. A. On average 8. C. discuss
9. the most thrilling (ride) 10. as scared of spiders as 9. B. about 10. D. apart 11. C. in detail 12. A. question

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KEY TO LESSON 8
READING 1.
I. True or False. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F
II. Multiple Choice. 1. C 2. D 3. B
III. Answers
1. Because they contain almost half of all the world’s plant and animal species.

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