GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

CHAPTER
• Process Calculations
1

(Gate 2001) specifications required to determine the product

flow rate and composition is
1. For the case of a fuel gas undergoing
combustion with air, if the air/fuel ratio is (A) 0 (B) 1
increased, the adiabatic flame temperature will (C) 2 (D) 3

4. Fresh orange juice contains 12% (by weight)

(A)increase
increase
solids and the rest water. 90% of the fresh juice
(B) decrease
is sent to an evaporator to remove water and
(C) increase or decrease
ase depending upon the
subsequently mixed with the remaining 10% of
fuel type
the fresh juice. The resultant product contains
(D) not change
40% solids. The kg of water removed from 1 kg
fresh juice is
2. A butane isomerization process produces 70
kmol/h of pure isobutane. A purge stream (A) 0.4 (B) 0.5
removed continuously contains 85%
% n
n-butane (C) 0.6 (D) 0.7
and 15% impurity (mole %). The feed stream is
n-butane containing
taining 1% impurity (mole %). The 5. 1 kg of saturated aqueous solution of a highly
flow rate of the purge stream will be soluble component A at 600C is cooled to 250C.
The solubility limits of A are (0.6 kg A)/(kg
(A) 3 kmol/h (B) 4 kmol/h water) at 600C and (0.2 kg A)/(kg water) at
(C) 5 kmol/h (D) 6 kmol/h 250C. The amount in kgs, of the crystals formed
is
(Gate 2002)
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.25
3. Methane is mixed with stoichiometric (C) 0.2 (D) 0.175
proportion of oxygen and completely
combusted. The number of additional

1 The Gate Coach |All Rights

ights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(Gate 2003) going to CO, the ORSAT analysis in volume

percent is
6. 6g of carbon is burnt with an amount of air
containing 18g oxygen. The product contains CO2 : 6.26 CO : 1.56 O2 : 3.91
16.5g CO2 and 2.8g CO besides other H2O : 15.66 N2 : 72.60
constituents. What is the degree of conversion CO2 : 7.42 CO : 1.86 O2 : 4.64
on the basis of disappearance of the limiting N2 : 86.02
reactant? CO2 : 6.39 CO : 1.60 O2 : 3.99
H2O : 15.96 N2 : 72.06
(A)100% (B) 95%
CO2 : 7.60 CO : 1.90 O2 : 4.75
(C) 75% (D) 20%
N2 : 85.74
7. An aqueous solution of 2.45% by weight
H2SO4 has a specific gravity of 1.011. The (Gate 2004)
composition expressed in normality is
11. A distillation column separates 10,000
(A)0.2500 (B) 0.2528 kg/h of a benzene-toluene mixture as shown in
(C) 0.5000 (D) 0.5055 the figure below. In the figure, XF, XD, and XW
represent the weight fraction of benzene in the
8. Air at a temperature of 200C & 750mm Hg
feed, distillate, and residue, respectively.
pressure has a relative humidity of 80%. What is
percentage humidity? Vapour pressure of water
at 200C is 17.5 mm Hg
8000 kg / h

(A) 80.38 (B) 80

(C) 79.62 (D) 78.51
Feed xF= 0.5 L0 D
10000 kg / h xD= 0.95
9. Na2SO4.10H2O crystals are formed by cooling
100kg of 30% by weight aqueous solution of
Na2SO4. The final concentration of the solute in
xW= 0.05
the solution is 10%. The weight of the crystal is
The reflux ratio is –
(A) 20 (B) 32.2
(A) 0.5 (B) 0.6
(C) 45.35 (D) 58.65
(C) 1.0 (D) 2.0
10. A sample of natural gas containing 80%
12. The weight fraction of methanol in an
methane (CH4) and the rest Nitrogen (N2) is
aqueous solution is 0.64. The mole fraction of
burnt with 20% excess air. With 80% of the
methanol XM satisfies.
combustibles producing CO2 and the remainder
2 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(A) XM< 0.5 (B) XM = 0.5 16. A vessel of volume 1000 m3 contains air
which is saturated with water vapor. The total
(C) 0.5 < XM< 0.64 (D) XM> 0.64
pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 20
0C, respectively. Assuming that the vapor
13. If 80 kg of Na2SO4 (molecular weight =
142) is present in 330 kg of an aqueous pressure of water at 20 0C is 2.34 kPa, the
solution. And the solution is cooled such that 80 amount of water vapor (in kg) in the vessel is
kg of Na2SO4. 10 H2O crystals separate out. The approximately
weight fraction of Na2SO4 in the remaining
(A) 17 (B)20
solution is
(C) 25 (D) 34
(A) 0.00 (B) 0.18
(Gate 2005)
(C) 0.24 (D) 1.00
17. A process flow sheet analysis results
Common Data Questions 14 –1 5 in the degrees of freedom having a value of –
2, which one of the following steps must be
One mole of methane undergoes complete
combustion in a stoichiometric amount of next carried out?
air. The reaction proceeds as CH4 + 2O2→ CO2 + (A) Identify and add two new independent
2H2O Both the reactants and the products are in equations from process model
gas phase. (B) Remove two equations that have been
wrongly assumed to be independent
∆H o298 = – 730 kJ / mol of methane
(C) Assign values of two variables in the
14. Mole fraction of water vapor in the process.
product gases is about (D) Assign value to one variable and remove
one equation that was wrongly assumed to be
(A) 0.19 (B) 0.33
independent.
(C) 0.40 (D) 0.67

15. If the average specific heat of all the

18. A metal recovery unit (MRU) of intake
gases / vapor is 40 J/ (mol k), the maximum
capacity 5000 kg/hr treats a liquid product from
temperature rise of the exhaust gases (in 0C)
a plant and recovers 90% of the metal in the
would be approximately equal to
pure form. The unrecovered metal and
(A) 1225 (B) 1335 associated liquid are sent to a disposal unit along
with the untreated product from the plant (See
(C) 1525 (D) 1735
figure below). Find the flow rate (m6) and the
weight fraction of the metal (w6). The liquid

3 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

product flow rate is 7500 kg/hr of composition

0.1 (wt. fraction). Assume steady state.

(A) 11 and 110 kg/hr

(B) 24 and 240 kg/hr

(C) 11 and 5.5 kg/hr

(A) m6 = 7500 kg/hr, w6 = 0.0
(D) 70 and 330 kg/hr
(B) m6 = 7050 kg/hr, w6 = 0.04255
(Gate 2006)
(C) m6 = 4500 kg/hr, w6 = 0.1712
Linked Answer Questions 20 – 21
(D) m6 = 5600 kg/hr, w6 = 0.0314
Solvent C is used to extract solute B selectively
19. A feed stream (S1) at 100 kg/hr and from, 100 kg / hr feed mixture A+B in a steady
containing only A mixes with recycle stream S5 state continuous process shown below. The
before entering the reactor (see figure below), solubility of C in the raffinate and the solubility
where the reaction A →B takes place. The of A in the extract are negligible. The extract is
operation is at steady state. The stream S3 distilled to recover B in the bottom product. The
leaving the reactor is separated, without either overhead product is recycled to the
phase or composition change, into two streams extractor. The loss of solvent in the bottoms is
S4 and S5. If the mass fraction of B in S4 is 0.95 compensated by makeup solvent Sd. The total
and total flow rate of S5 is 10 kg/hr, then the flow rate of the solvent stream S going to the
ratio of flow rates of streams (S3/S5), and the extractor is 50 kg/hr. The mass fractions (Xi’s)
flow rate of A in S3 are, respectively, of some selected streams are indicated in the
figure below.

4 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

the reactor completely separates ethylene

(as top stream) and ethanol and water as
bottoms. The last (distillation) column gives
an ethanol – water azeotropic mixture (90
mol% ethanol) as the final product and
water as waste. The recycle to purge ratio is
34.

20. Distillation bottoms flow rate W and

solvent dosing rate Sd in kg/hr are

(A) W = 50, Sd = 50
The reaction is:C2H4 (g) + H2O(g)→ C2H5OH
(g)
(B) W = 100, Sd = 20

(C) W = 10, Sd = 50 22. For an azeotropic product rate of 500

mol / hr, the recycle gas flow rate in mol / hr
(D) W = 50, Sd = 10 is

21. Feed rate E to the distillation column and

overhead product rate T in kg/hr are
(A) 30 (B) 420
(C) 1020 (D) 1500
(A) E = 90, T = 40

(B) E = 80, T = 40 23. For the same process, if fresh H2O

feed to the reactor is 600 mol / hr and wash
water for scrubbing is 20% of the
(C) E = 90, T = 50
condensable coming out of the reactor, the
water flow rate in mol / hr from the
(D) E = 45, T = 20
distillation column as bottoms is
(Gate 2007)
(A) 170 (B) 220
Linked Answer Questions 12&13:
(C) 270 (D) 430
A simplified flow sheet is shown in the figure
for production of ethanol from
ethylene. The conversion of ethylene in the Linked Answer Questions 24 & 25:
reactor is 30% and the scrubber following
5 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

44 kg of C3H8 is burnt with 1160 kg of air 28. 600 kg/hr of saturated steam at 1 bar
(Mol. Wt. = 29) to produce 88 kg of CO2 and (enthalpy 2675.4 kJ/kg) is mixed
14 kg of CO, the reaction is as follows: adiabatically with superheated steam at
450°C and 1 bar (enthalpy 3382.4
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4 H2O
kJ/kg). The product is superheated steam at
24. What is the percent excess air use? 350°C and 1 bar (enthalpy 3175.6
kJ/kg). The flow rate of the product is

(A) 55 (B) 60
(C) 65 (D) 68 (A) 711 kg/hr (B) 1111 kg/hr
(C) 1451 kg/hr (D) 2051 kg/hr

25. What is the % carbon burnt?

(A) 63.3 (B) 73.3 29. Carbon black is produced by
decomposition of methane:
(C) 83.3 (D) 93.3
CH4 (g) → C (s) + 2H2 (g)
(Gate 2008)
The single pass conversion of methane is
26. Air (79 mole % N2 and 21 mole % O2) 60%. If fresh feed is pure methane and 25%
is passed over a catalyst at high of the methane exiting the reactor is
temperature. Oxygen completely reacts with recycled, then the molar ratio of fresh feed
nitrogen as shown below, stream to recycle stream is

0.5 N2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) → NO (g) (A) 0.9 (B) 9

0.5 N2(g)+ O2(g) → NO 2(g) (C) 10 (D) 90

Common Data Questions 30, 31 and
The molar ratio of NO to NO2 in the product
32:
stream is 2:1. The fractional conversion of
nitrogen is Methane and steam are fed to a reactor in
molar ratio 1: 2. The following reactions
(A) 0.13 (B) 0.20
take place,
(C) 0.27 (D) 0.40
CH4(g) + 2H2O(g)→CO2(g) + 4H2(g)
CH4 (g) + H2O(g)→CO (g) + 3H2(g)
27. A 35 wt. % Na2SO4 solution in water,
where CO2 is the desired product, CO is the
initially at 50°C, is fed to a crystallizer at
20°C. The product stream contains undesired product and H2 is a byproduct. The
hydrated crystals Na2SO4.10H2O in exit stream has the following composition
equilibrium with a 20 wt.% Na2SO4
solution. The molecular weights of Na2SO4 CH4 H2O CO2 H2 CO
and Na2SO4.10H2O are 142 and 322, Species
respectively. The feed rate of the 35%
solution required to produce 500 kg/hr of Mole % 4.35 10.88 15.21 67.39 2.17
hydrated crystals is
(A) 403 kg/hr (B) 603 kg/hr
(C) 803 kg/hr (D) 1103 kg/hr 30. The selectivity for desired product
relative to undesired product is

6 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(A) 2.3 (B) 3.5 34. Dehydrogenation of ethane, C2H6 (g)

→C2H4 (g) + H2 (g), is carried out in a
(C) 7 (D) 8
continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The
31. The fractional yield of CO2 is (where feed is pure ethane. If the reactor exit stream
fractional yield is defined as the ratio of moles of contains unconverted ethane along with the
the desired product formed to the moles that products, then the number of degrees of freedom
would have been formed if there were no side for the CSTR is
reactions and the limiting reactant had reacted
(A) 1 (B) 2
completely)
(C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 0.7 (B) 0.88 35. Pure water (stream W) is to be obtained
from a feed containing 5 wt. % salt using a
(C) 1 (D) 3.5
desalination unit as shown below:
32. The fractional conversion of methane is

(A) 0.4 (B) 0.5

(C) 0.7 (D) 0.8

(Gate 2009)

33. A dehumidifier (shown below) is used to

completely remove water vapor from air.

If the overall recovery of pure water

(through stream W) is 0.75 kg/kg feed, then
the recycle ratio (R/F) is

(A) 0.25 (B) 0.5

(C) 0.75 (D) 1.0

Which ONE of the following statements is
TRUE? Common Data Questions 26 and 27:

(A) Water is the ONLY tie component A flash distillation drum (see figure below) is
used to separate a methanol-water
methanol mixture. The
(B) Air is the ONLY tie component, mole fraction of methanol in the feed is 0.5, and
the feed flow rate is 1000 kmol/hr.
kmol The feed is
(C) BOTH water and air are the components
preheated in a heater with heat duty Qh and is
(D) There are NO tie components subsequently flashed
lashed in the drum. The flash

7 The Gate Coach |All Rights R

Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

drum can be assumed to be an equilibrium heated to 100°C, then the weight of the
stage, operating adiabatically. The equilibrium additional solute that can be dissolved in it, is
relation between the mole fractions of methanol
(A) 0.25 kg (B) 1 kg
in the vapor and liquid phases is y* = 4 x. The
ratio of distillate to feed flow rate is 0.5. (C) 2 kg (D) 3.34 kg

39. The products of combustion of methane

in atmospheric air (21% O2 and 79% N2) have
the following composition on a dry basis:

Products mole %

CO2 10

O2 2.37
36. The mole fraction of methanol in the
CO 0.53
distillate is
N2 87.1
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.7

(C) 0.8 (D) 0.9

The ratio of the moles of CH4 to the moles of O2
37. If the enthalpy of the distillate with
in the feed stream is
reference to the feed is 3000 kJ / kmol, and the
enthalpy of the bottoms with reference to the (A) 1.05 (B) 0.60
feed is –1000 kJ / kmol, the heat duty of the (C) 0.51 (D) 0.45
pre-heater (Qh in kJ / hr) is
(Gate 2011)
40. Ammonia is synthesized at 200 bar and
(A) –2 x 106 (B) –1 x 106 773 K by the reaction

(C) 1 x 106 (D) 2 x 106 N2 + 3H2↔2NH3

(Gate 2010) The yield of ammonia is 0.45 mol/mol of fresh

feed. Flow sheet for the process (along with
38. A saturated solution at 30°C contains 5
available compositions) is shown below.
moles of solute (M.W.= 50 kg / kmol) per kg of
solvent (M.W.=20 kg / kmol). The solubility at
100°C is 10 moles of the solute per kg of the
solvent. If 10 kg of the original solution is

8 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

The single pass conversion for H2 in the reactor

is 20%. The amount of H2 lost in the purge as a Notation:

percentage of H2 in fresh feed is

Molar flow rate of fresh B is FFB
(A) 10 (B) 20
FA
Molar flow rate of A is
(C) 45 (D) 55
Molar flow rate of B in recycle gas is YRG
41. The following combustion reactions
Mole fraction of B in recycle gas is YRB
occur when methane is burnt.

CH4 + 2 O2→ CO2 + 2 H2O Molar flow rate of purge gas is FPG

2 CH4 + 3 O2→ 2 CO + 4 H2O Molar flow rate of C is

FC

FFB = 2 mol / s , FA = 1 mol / s ,and FB / FA = 5

20 % excess air is supplied to the combustor. Here,
The conversion of methane is 80 % molar ratio and A is completely converted.
of CO to CO2 in the flue gas is 1: 3. Assume air to
have 80 mol % N2 and rest O2. The O2
consumed as a percentage of O2 entering the YRB = 0 .3
42. If the ratio of recycle gas to
combustor is
purge gas
(FRG / FPG ) is
(A) 20 (B) 62.5
(A) 2 (B) 5
(C) 80 (D) 83.3 (C) 7 (D) 10

(Gate 2012)
43. If the ratio of recycle gas to purge gas
Common Data Question 42 and 43: (FRG / FPG ) is 4 then YRB is
The reaction A(l) + B(g)→ C(l) + D(g)is carried out
(A) 3 / 8 (B) 2 / 5
in a reactor followed by a separator as shown
(C) 1 / 2 (D) 3 / 4
below
Gate 2013)

9 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

44. Calculate the heat required (in kJ, up to 1 (Gate 2014)

digit after the decimal point) to raise the
47. Two elemental gases (A and B) are
temperature of 1 mole of a solid material from
reacting to form a liquid (C) in a steady state
100°C to 1000°C. The specific heat (Cp) of the
process as per the reaction. A + B →C. The
material (in J/mol-K) is expressed as Cp = 20 +
single-pass conversion of the reaction is only
0.005T, where T is in K. Assume no phase
20% and hence recycle is used. The product is
change.
separated completely in pure form. The fresh
feed has 49 mol% of A and B each along with 2
Common Data Questions 45 and 46: mol% impurities. The maximum allowable
A reverse osmosis unit treats feed water (F) impurities in the recycle stream is 20 mol%. The

containing fluoride and its output consists of amount of purge stream (in moles) per 100
moles of the fresh feed is _______
a permeate stream (P) and a reject stream
(R). Let CF, CP, and CR denote the fluoride 48. Carbon - monoxide (CO) is burnt in
concentration in the feed, permeate, and presence of 200% excess pure oxygen and the
reject streams, respectively. Under steady flame temp. achieved is 2298 K. The inlet
state conditions, the volumetric flow rate of streams are at 250C. The standard heat of

the reject is 60% of the volumetric flow rate formation (at. 250C) of CO and CO2 are -110 kJ

of the inlet stream, and CF = 2 mg/L and mol-1 and – 390 kJ mol-1 respectively .The

CP = 0.1 mg/L. capacities (in J mol-1 K-1 ) of the components are

CPo 2 = 25 + 14 × 10 −3 T
45. The value of CR in mg/L, up to one
digit after the decimal point, is _______ CPco2 = 25 + 42 × 10−3 T

46. The fraction f of the feed is bypassed Where T is the temperature in K. the heat loss
(in kJ ) per mole of CO burnt is
and mixed with the permeate to obtain
treated water having a fluoride 49. Determine the correctness or otherwise
concentration of 1 mg/L. Here also the flow of the following Assertion [a] and Reason [r].
rate of the reject stream is 60% of the flow
Assertion: Significant combustion of coke takes
rate entering the reverse osmosis unit (after
place only if it is heated at higher temperature in
the bypass). The value of f, up to 2 digits
presence of air.
after the decimal point, is ________
Reason: C + O2→CO2 is an exothermic reaction.

10 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct
reason for [a]
Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct
reason for [a]
[a] is correct but [r] is false
Both [a] and [r] are false

The flowrate of P, containing 30 mass% of

ethanol, is 100 kg/h. What is the least number of
(Gate 2015)
additional specification(s) required to determine
50. The schematic diagram of a steady state the mass flowrates and compositions (mass%) of
process is shown below. The fresh feed (F) to the the two exit streams?
reactor consists of 96 mol% reactant A and 4
(A) 0 (B) 1
mol% inert I. The stoichiometry of the rea
reaction
is A → C. A part of the reactor effluent is (C) 2 (D) 3
recycled. The molar flow rate of the recycle
52. A jacketed
cketed stirred tank with a provision
stream is 0.3F. The product stream P contains
for heat removal is used to mix sulphuric acid
50 mol% C. The percentage conversion of A in
and water in a steady state flow process. H2SO4
the reactor based on A entering the reactor at
(l) enters at a rate of 4 kg/h at 25oC and H2O (l)
point 1 in the figure (up to one decimal
cimal place)
enters at a rate of 6 kg/h at 10oC. The following
is__.
data are available:

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 kJ kg‒1K‒1.

Specific heat capacity of aqueous solution of 40

mass% H2SO4 = 2.8 kJ (kg solution)‒1 K‒1.

Assume the specific heat capacities to be

independent of temperature.

Based on reference states of H2SO4 (l) and H2O

(Gate 2016) (l) at 25oC, the heat of mixing for aqueous
solution of 40 mass% H2SO4 = ‒ 650 kJ (kg
51. A liquid mixture of ethanol and water is
H2SO4)‒1.
flowing as inlet stream P into a stream splitter.
It is split into two streams, Q and R, as shown in If the mixed stream leaves at 40oC, what is the
the figure below. rate of heat removal (in kJ/h)?

11 The Gate Coach |All Rights R

Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(A) 1802 (B) 2558 Air is supplied such that oxygen (O2) is 20% in
excess of that required for complete conversion
(C) 5702 (D) 6458
of NH3. The mole fraction of O2 in inlet gas
53. A catalytic reforming plant produces mixture (NH3 + air ) is ______(rounded off to
hydrogen and benzene from cyclohexane by de- third decimal place)
hydro aromatization. In order to increase the
56. The reactant M is converted into product N
production of hydrogen, the owner plans to
in the presence of catalyst in a fixed bed reactor.
change the process to steam reforming of the
All the flow rates (F , G , H , P and R ) in mol/s,
same feedstock that produces hydrogen and
and mole fraction of reactant M in these streams
carbon dioxide. Stoichiometrically, what is the
are ( xF, xG, xH, xP and xR) are shown in the
maximum ratio of pure hydrogen produced in
diagram. The overall fractional conversion is
the proposed process to that in the existing
process?

(A) 1 (B) 2

(C) 5 (D) 6

(Gate 2017)

54. A aqueous salt solution enters a crystallizer

operating at steady state at 250C. The feed
temperature is 900C and the salt concentration xG G − xH H xG G − xP P
in the feed is 40 weight%. The salt crystallizes as (A) xG G (B) xG G
a pentahydrate. The crystals and the mother
liquor leave the crystallizer. The molecular xF F − xH H x F F − xP P
weight of the anhydrous salt is 135. The (C)
xF F (D)
xF F
solubility of the slat at 250C is 20 weight%
57. An insulated storage tank contains 1000 kg
The feed flowrate required for a production rate liquid of specific heat 10 kJ kg-1 K-1. The liquid is
of 100 kg/s of hydrated salt, rounded to the heated by saturated steam, condensing in a
nearest integer, is ____kg/s helical coil at a temperature of 1800C. The heat
transfer area of the coil is 0.1 m2. If the overall
(Gate 2018)
heat transfer coefficient is constant at 1000 W
55. The ammonia (NH3) oxidation process m-2 K-1, then the time (in hours) required to raise
occurs over a catalyst as the temperature of the liquid in the tank from
4 NH 3 + 5O2 → 6 H 2O + 4 NO 200C to 800C is _______(rounded off to second
decimal place)
12 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

Answer Key Table

1 B 20 D 39 D

2 C 21 A 40 A

3 B 22 C 41 B

4 0.7 23 D 42 B

5 B 24 D 43 A

6 …. 25 C 44 18.0045

7 D 26 B 45 3.26667

8 C 27 C 46 0.2647

9 D 28 D 47 10 mol

10 B 29 B 48 34.62

11 B 30 C 49 B

12 B 31 A 50 45.2

13 B 32 C 51 B

14 A 33 B 52 A

15 D 34 B 53 D

16 A 35 B 54. 200

17 B 36 C 55. 0.18420

18 B 37 C 56. D

19 C 38 C 57. 13.0556

13 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

14 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

CHAPTER
• Process Calculations
1

(Gate 2001) specifications required to determine the product

flow rate and composition is
1. For the case of a fuel gas undergoing
combustion with air, if the air/fuel ratio is (A) 0 (B) 1
increased, the adiabatic flame temperature will (C) 2 (D) 3

4. Fresh orange juice contains 12% (by weight)

(A)increase
increase
solids and the rest water. 90% of the fresh juice
(B) decrease
is sent to an evaporator to remove water and
(C) increase or decrease
ase depending upon the
subsequently mixed with the remaining 10% of
fuel type
the fresh juice. The resultant product contains
(D) not change
40% solids. The kg of water removed from 1 kg
fresh juice is
2. A butane isomerization process produces 70
kmol/h of pure isobutane. A purge stream (A) 0.4 (B) 0.5
removed continuously contains 85%
% n
n-butane (C) 0.6 (D) 0.7
and 15% impurity (mole %). The feed stream is
n-butane containing
taining 1% impurity (mole %). The 5. 1 kg of saturated aqueous solution of a highly
flow rate of the purge stream will be soluble component A at 600C is cooled to 250C.
The solubility limits of A are (0.6 kg A)/(kg
(A) 3 kmol/h (B) 4 kmol/h water) at 600C and (0.2 kg A)/(kg water) at
(C) 5 kmol/h (D) 6 kmol/h 250C. The amount in kgs, of the crystals formed
is
(Gate 2002)
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.25
3. Methane is mixed with stoichiometric (C) 0.2 (D) 0.175
proportion of oxygen and completely
combusted. The number of additional

1 The Gate Coach |All Rights

ights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(Gate 2003) going to CO, the ORSAT analysis in volume

percent is
6. 6g of carbon is burnt with an amount of air
containing 18g oxygen. The product contains CO2 : 6.26 CO : 1.56 O2 : 3.91
16.5g CO2 and 2.8g CO besides other H2O : 15.66 N2 : 72.60
constituents. What is the degree of conversion CO2 : 7.42 CO : 1.86 O2 : 4.64
on the basis of disappearance of the limiting N2 : 86.02
reactant? CO2 : 6.39 CO : 1.60 O2 : 3.99
H2O : 15.96 N2 : 72.06
(A)100% (B) 95%
CO2 : 7.60 CO : 1.90 O2 : 4.75
(C) 75% (D) 20%
N2 : 85.74
7. An aqueous solution of 2.45% by weight
H2SO4 has a specific gravity of 1.011. The (Gate 2004)
composition expressed in normality is
11. A distillation column separates 10,000
(A)0.2500 (B) 0.2528 kg/h of a benzene-toluene mixture as shown in
(C) 0.5000 (D) 0.5055 the figure below. In the figure, XF, XD, and XW
represent the weight fraction of benzene in the
8. Air at a temperature of 200C & 750mm Hg
feed, distillate, and residue, respectively.
pressure has a relative humidity of 80%. What is
percentage humidity? Vapour pressure of water
at 200C is 17.5 mm Hg
8000 kg / h

(A) 80.38 (B) 80

(C) 79.62 (D) 78.51
Feed xF= 0.5 L0 D
10000 kg / h xD= 0.95
9. Na2SO4.10H2O crystals are formed by cooling
100kg of 30% by weight aqueous solution of
Na2SO4. The final concentration of the solute in
xW= 0.05
the solution is 10%. The weight of the crystal is
The reflux ratio is –
(A) 20 (B) 32.2
(A) 0.5 (B) 0.6
(C) 45.35 (D) 58.65
(C) 1.0 (D) 2.0
10. A sample of natural gas containing 80%
12. The weight fraction of methanol in an
methane (CH4) and the rest Nitrogen (N2) is
aqueous solution is 0.64. The mole fraction of
burnt with 20% excess air. With 80% of the
methanol XM satisfies.
combustibles producing CO2 and the remainder
2 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(A) XM< 0.5 (B) XM = 0.5 16. A vessel of volume 1000 m3 contains air
which is saturated with water vapor. The total
(C) 0.5 < XM< 0.64 (D) XM> 0.64
pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 20
0C, respectively. Assuming that the vapor
13. If 80 kg of Na2SO4 (molecular weight =
142) is present in 330 kg of an aqueous pressure of water at 20 0C is 2.34 kPa, the
solution. And the solution is cooled such that 80 amount of water vapor (in kg) in the vessel is
kg of Na2SO4. 10 H2O crystals separate out. The approximately
weight fraction of Na2SO4 in the remaining
(A) 17 (B)20
solution is
(C) 25 (D) 34
(A) 0.00 (B) 0.18
(Gate 2005)
(C) 0.24 (D) 1.00
17. A process flow sheet analysis results
Common Data Questions 14 –1 5 in the degrees of freedom having a value of –
2, which one of the following steps must be
One mole of methane undergoes complete
combustion in a stoichiometric amount of next carried out?
air. The reaction proceeds as CH4 + 2O2→ CO2 + (A) Identify and add two new independent
2H2O Both the reactants and the products are in equations from process model
gas phase. (B) Remove two equations that have been
wrongly assumed to be independent
∆H o298 = – 730 kJ / mol of methane
(C) Assign values of two variables in the
14. Mole fraction of water vapor in the process.
product gases is about (D) Assign value to one variable and remove
one equation that was wrongly assumed to be
(A) 0.19 (B) 0.33
independent.
(C) 0.40 (D) 0.67

15. If the average specific heat of all the

18. A metal recovery unit (MRU) of intake
gases / vapor is 40 J/ (mol k), the maximum
capacity 5000 kg/hr treats a liquid product from
temperature rise of the exhaust gases (in 0C)
a plant and recovers 90% of the metal in the
would be approximately equal to
pure form. The unrecovered metal and
(A) 1225 (B) 1335 associated liquid are sent to a disposal unit along
with the untreated product from the plant (See
(C) 1525 (D) 1735
figure below). Find the flow rate (m6) and the
weight fraction of the metal (w6). The liquid

3 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

product flow rate is 7500 kg/hr of composition

0.1 (wt. fraction). Assume steady state.

(A) 11 and 110 kg/hr

(B) 24 and 240 kg/hr

(C) 11 and 5.5 kg/hr

(A) m6 = 7500 kg/hr, w6 = 0.0
(D) 70 and 330 kg/hr
(B) m6 = 7050 kg/hr, w6 = 0.04255
(Gate 2006)
(C) m6 = 4500 kg/hr, w6 = 0.1712
Linked Answer Questions 20 – 21
(D) m6 = 5600 kg/hr, w6 = 0.0314
Solvent C is used to extract solute B selectively
19. A feed stream (S1) at 100 kg/hr and from, 100 kg / hr feed mixture A+B in a steady
containing only A mixes with recycle stream S5 state continuous process shown below. The
before entering the reactor (see figure below), solubility of C in the raffinate and the solubility
where the reaction A →B takes place. The of A in the extract are negligible. The extract is
operation is at steady state. The stream S3 distilled to recover B in the bottom product. The
leaving the reactor is separated, without either overhead product is recycled to the
phase or composition change, into two streams extractor. The loss of solvent in the bottoms is
S4 and S5. If the mass fraction of B in S4 is 0.95 compensated by makeup solvent Sd. The total
and total flow rate of S5 is 10 kg/hr, then the flow rate of the solvent stream S going to the
ratio of flow rates of streams (S3/S5), and the extractor is 50 kg/hr. The mass fractions (Xi’s)
flow rate of A in S3 are, respectively, of some selected streams are indicated in the
figure below.

4 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

the reactor completely separates ethylene

(as top stream) and ethanol and water as
bottoms. The last (distillation) column gives
an ethanol – water azeotropic mixture (90
mol% ethanol) as the final product and
water as waste. The recycle to purge ratio is
34.

20. Distillation bottoms flow rate W and

solvent dosing rate Sd in kg/hr are

(A) W = 50, Sd = 50
The reaction is:C2H4 (g) + H2O(g)→ C2H5OH
(g)
(B) W = 100, Sd = 20

(C) W = 10, Sd = 50 22. For an azeotropic product rate of 500

mol / hr, the recycle gas flow rate in mol / hr
(D) W = 50, Sd = 10 is

21. Feed rate E to the distillation column and

overhead product rate T in kg/hr are
(A) 30 (B) 420
(C) 1020 (D) 1500
(A) E = 90, T = 40

(B) E = 80, T = 40 23. For the same process, if fresh H2O

feed to the reactor is 600 mol / hr and wash
water for scrubbing is 20% of the
(C) E = 90, T = 50
condensable coming out of the reactor, the
water flow rate in mol / hr from the
(D) E = 45, T = 20
distillation column as bottoms is
(Gate 2007)
(A) 170 (B) 220
Linked Answer Questions 12&13:
(C) 270 (D) 430
A simplified flow sheet is shown in the figure
for production of ethanol from
ethylene. The conversion of ethylene in the Linked Answer Questions 24 & 25:
reactor is 30% and the scrubber following
5 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

44 kg of C3H8 is burnt with 1160 kg of air 28. 600 kg/hr of saturated steam at 1 bar
(Mol. Wt. = 29) to produce 88 kg of CO2 and (enthalpy 2675.4 kJ/kg) is mixed
14 kg of CO, the reaction is as follows: adiabatically with superheated steam at
450°C and 1 bar (enthalpy 3382.4
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4 H2O
kJ/kg). The product is superheated steam at
24. What is the percent excess air use? 350°C and 1 bar (enthalpy 3175.6
kJ/kg). The flow rate of the product is

(A) 55 (B) 60
(C) 65 (D) 68 (A) 711 kg/hr (B) 1111 kg/hr
(C) 1451 kg/hr (D) 2051 kg/hr

25. What is the % carbon burnt?

(A) 63.3 (B) 73.3 29. Carbon black is produced by
decomposition of methane:
(C) 83.3 (D) 93.3
CH4 (g) → C (s) + 2H2 (g)
(Gate 2008)
The single pass conversion of methane is
26. Air (79 mole % N2 and 21 mole % O2) 60%. If fresh feed is pure methane and 25%
is passed over a catalyst at high of the methane exiting the reactor is
temperature. Oxygen completely reacts with recycled, then the molar ratio of fresh feed
nitrogen as shown below, stream to recycle stream is

0.5 N2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) → NO (g) (A) 0.9 (B) 9

0.5 N2(g)+ O2(g) → NO 2(g) (C) 10 (D) 90

Common Data Questions 30, 31 and
The molar ratio of NO to NO2 in the product
32:
stream is 2:1. The fractional conversion of
nitrogen is Methane and steam are fed to a reactor in
molar ratio 1: 2. The following reactions
(A) 0.13 (B) 0.20
take place,
(C) 0.27 (D) 0.40
CH4(g) + 2H2O(g)→CO2(g) + 4H2(g)
CH4 (g) + H2O(g)→CO (g) + 3H2(g)
27. A 35 wt. % Na2SO4 solution in water,
where CO2 is the desired product, CO is the
initially at 50°C, is fed to a crystallizer at
20°C. The product stream contains undesired product and H2 is a byproduct. The
hydrated crystals Na2SO4.10H2O in exit stream has the following composition
equilibrium with a 20 wt.% Na2SO4
solution. The molecular weights of Na2SO4 CH4 H2O CO2 H2 CO
and Na2SO4.10H2O are 142 and 322, Species
respectively. The feed rate of the 35%
solution required to produce 500 kg/hr of Mole % 4.35 10.88 15.21 67.39 2.17
hydrated crystals is
(A) 403 kg/hr (B) 603 kg/hr
(C) 803 kg/hr (D) 1103 kg/hr 30. The selectivity for desired product
relative to undesired product is

6 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(A) 2.3 (B) 3.5 34. Dehydrogenation of ethane, C2H6 (g)

→C2H4 (g) + H2 (g), is carried out in a
(C) 7 (D) 8
continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The
31. The fractional yield of CO2 is (where feed is pure ethane. If the reactor exit stream
fractional yield is defined as the ratio of moles of contains unconverted ethane along with the
the desired product formed to the moles that products, then the number of degrees of freedom
would have been formed if there were no side for the CSTR is
reactions and the limiting reactant had reacted
(A) 1 (B) 2
completely)
(C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 0.7 (B) 0.88 35. Pure water (stream W) is to be obtained
from a feed containing 5 wt. % salt using a
(C) 1 (D) 3.5
desalination unit as shown below:
32. The fractional conversion of methane is

(A) 0.4 (B) 0.5

(C) 0.7 (D) 0.8

(Gate 2009)

33. A dehumidifier (shown below) is used to

completely remove water vapor from air.

If the overall recovery of pure water

(through stream W) is 0.75 kg/kg feed, then
the recycle ratio (R/F) is

(A) 0.25 (B) 0.5

(C) 0.75 (D) 1.0

Which ONE of the following statements is
TRUE? Common Data Questions 26 and 27:

(A) Water is the ONLY tie component A flash distillation drum (see figure below) is
used to separate a methanol-water
methanol mixture. The
(B) Air is the ONLY tie component, mole fraction of methanol in the feed is 0.5, and
the feed flow rate is 1000 kmol/hr.
kmol The feed is
(C) BOTH water and air are the components
preheated in a heater with heat duty Qh and is
(D) There are NO tie components subsequently flashed
lashed in the drum. The flash

7 The Gate Coach |All Rights R

Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

drum can be assumed to be an equilibrium heated to 100°C, then the weight of the
stage, operating adiabatically. The equilibrium additional solute that can be dissolved in it, is
relation between the mole fractions of methanol
(A) 0.25 kg (B) 1 kg
in the vapor and liquid phases is y* = 4 x. The
ratio of distillate to feed flow rate is 0.5. (C) 2 kg (D) 3.34 kg

39. The products of combustion of methane

in atmospheric air (21% O2 and 79% N2) have
the following composition on a dry basis:

Products mole %

CO2 10

O2 2.37
36. The mole fraction of methanol in the
CO 0.53
distillate is
N2 87.1
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.7

(C) 0.8 (D) 0.9

The ratio of the moles of CH4 to the moles of O2
37. If the enthalpy of the distillate with
in the feed stream is
reference to the feed is 3000 kJ / kmol, and the
enthalpy of the bottoms with reference to the (A) 1.05 (B) 0.60
feed is –1000 kJ / kmol, the heat duty of the (C) 0.51 (D) 0.45
pre-heater (Qh in kJ / hr) is
(Gate 2011)
40. Ammonia is synthesized at 200 bar and
(A) –2 x 106 (B) –1 x 106 773 K by the reaction

(C) 1 x 106 (D) 2 x 106 N2 + 3H2↔2NH3

(Gate 2010) The yield of ammonia is 0.45 mol/mol of fresh

feed. Flow sheet for the process (along with
38. A saturated solution at 30°C contains 5
available compositions) is shown below.
moles of solute (M.W.= 50 kg / kmol) per kg of
solvent (M.W.=20 kg / kmol). The solubility at
100°C is 10 moles of the solute per kg of the
solvent. If 10 kg of the original solution is

8 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

The single pass conversion for H2 in the reactor

is 20%. The amount of H2 lost in the purge as a Notation:

percentage of H2 in fresh feed is

Molar flow rate of fresh B is FFB
(A) 10 (B) 20
FA
Molar flow rate of A is
(C) 45 (D) 55
Molar flow rate of B in recycle gas is YRG
41. The following combustion reactions
Mole fraction of B in recycle gas is YRB
occur when methane is burnt.

CH4 + 2 O2→ CO2 + 2 H2O Molar flow rate of purge gas is FPG

2 CH4 + 3 O2→ 2 CO + 4 H2O Molar flow rate of C is

FC

FFB = 2 mol / s , FA = 1 mol / s ,and FB / FA = 5

20 % excess air is supplied to the combustor. Here,
The conversion of methane is 80 % molar ratio and A is completely converted.
of CO to CO2 in the flue gas is 1: 3. Assume air to
have 80 mol % N2 and rest O2. The O2
consumed as a percentage of O2 entering the YRB = 0 .3
42. If the ratio of recycle gas to
combustor is
purge gas
(FRG / FPG ) is
(A) 20 (B) 62.5
(A) 2 (B) 5
(C) 80 (D) 83.3 (C) 7 (D) 10

(Gate 2012)
43. If the ratio of recycle gas to purge gas
Common Data Question 42 and 43: (FRG / FPG ) is 4 then YRB is
The reaction A(l) + B(g)→ C(l) + D(g)is carried out
(A) 3 / 8 (B) 2 / 5
in a reactor followed by a separator as shown
(C) 1 / 2 (D) 3 / 4
below
Gate 2013)

9 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

44. Calculate the heat required (in kJ, up to 1 (Gate 2014)

digit after the decimal point) to raise the
47. Two elemental gases (A and B) are
temperature of 1 mole of a solid material from
reacting to form a liquid (C) in a steady state
100°C to 1000°C. The specific heat (Cp) of the
process as per the reaction. A + B →C. The
material (in J/mol-K) is expressed as Cp = 20 +
single-pass conversion of the reaction is only
0.005T, where T is in K. Assume no phase
20% and hence recycle is used. The product is
change.
separated completely in pure form. The fresh
feed has 49 mol% of A and B each along with 2
Common Data Questions 45 and 46: mol% impurities. The maximum allowable
A reverse osmosis unit treats feed water (F) impurities in the recycle stream is 20 mol%. The

containing fluoride and its output consists of amount of purge stream (in moles) per 100
moles of the fresh feed is _______
a permeate stream (P) and a reject stream
(R). Let CF, CP, and CR denote the fluoride 48. Carbon - monoxide (CO) is burnt in
concentration in the feed, permeate, and presence of 200% excess pure oxygen and the
reject streams, respectively. Under steady flame temp. achieved is 2298 K. The inlet
state conditions, the volumetric flow rate of streams are at 250C. The standard heat of

the reject is 60% of the volumetric flow rate formation (at. 250C) of CO and CO2 are -110 kJ

of the inlet stream, and CF = 2 mg/L and mol-1 and – 390 kJ mol-1 respectively .The

CP = 0.1 mg/L. capacities (in J mol-1 K-1 ) of the components are

CPo 2 = 25 + 14 × 10 −3 T
45. The value of CR in mg/L, up to one
digit after the decimal point, is _______ CPco2 = 25 + 42 × 10−3 T

46. The fraction f of the feed is bypassed Where T is the temperature in K. the heat loss
(in kJ ) per mole of CO burnt is
and mixed with the permeate to obtain
treated water having a fluoride 49. Determine the correctness or otherwise
concentration of 1 mg/L. Here also the flow of the following Assertion [a] and Reason [r].
rate of the reject stream is 60% of the flow
Assertion: Significant combustion of coke takes
rate entering the reverse osmosis unit (after
place only if it is heated at higher temperature in
the bypass). The value of f, up to 2 digits
presence of air.
after the decimal point, is ________
Reason: C + O2→CO2 is an exothermic reaction.

10 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct
reason for [a]
Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct
reason for [a]
[a] is correct but [r] is false
Both [a] and [r] are false

The flowrate of P, containing 30 mass% of

ethanol, is 100 kg/h. What is the least number of
(Gate 2015)
additional specification(s) required to determine
50. The schematic diagram of a steady state the mass flowrates and compositions (mass%) of
process is shown below. The fresh feed (F) to the the two exit streams?
reactor consists of 96 mol% reactant A and 4
(A) 0 (B) 1
mol% inert I. The stoichiometry of the rea
reaction
is A → C. A part of the reactor effluent is (C) 2 (D) 3
recycled. The molar flow rate of the recycle
52. A jacketed
cketed stirred tank with a provision
stream is 0.3F. The product stream P contains
for heat removal is used to mix sulphuric acid
50 mol% C. The percentage conversion of A in
and water in a steady state flow process. H2SO4
the reactor based on A entering the reactor at
(l) enters at a rate of 4 kg/h at 25oC and H2O (l)
point 1 in the figure (up to one decimal
cimal place)
enters at a rate of 6 kg/h at 10oC. The following
is__.
data are available:

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 kJ kg‒1K‒1.

Specific heat capacity of aqueous solution of 40

mass% H2SO4 = 2.8 kJ (kg solution)‒1 K‒1.

Assume the specific heat capacities to be

independent of temperature.

Based on reference states of H2SO4 (l) and H2O

(Gate 2016) (l) at 25oC, the heat of mixing for aqueous
solution of 40 mass% H2SO4 = ‒ 650 kJ (kg
51. A liquid mixture of ethanol and water is
H2SO4)‒1.
flowing as inlet stream P into a stream splitter.
It is split into two streams, Q and R, as shown in If the mixed stream leaves at 40oC, what is the
the figure below. rate of heat removal (in kJ/h)?

11 The Gate Coach |All Rights R

Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(A) 1802 (B) 2558 Air is supplied such that oxygen (O2) is 20% in
excess of that required for complete conversion
(C) 5702 (D) 6458
of NH3. The mole fraction of O2 in inlet gas
53. A catalytic reforming plant produces mixture (NH3 + air ) is ______(rounded off to
hydrogen and benzene from cyclohexane by de- third decimal place)
hydro aromatization. In order to increase the
56. The reactant M is converted into product N
production of hydrogen, the owner plans to
in the presence of catalyst in a fixed bed reactor.
change the process to steam reforming of the
All the flow rates (F , G , H , P and R ) in mol/s,
same feedstock that produces hydrogen and
and mole fraction of reactant M in these streams
carbon dioxide. Stoichiometrically, what is the
are ( xF, xG, xH, xP and xR) are shown in the
maximum ratio of pure hydrogen produced in
diagram. The overall fractional conversion is
the proposed process to that in the existing
process?

(A) 1 (B) 2

(C) 5 (D) 6

(Gate 2017)

54. A aqueous salt solution enters a crystallizer

operating at steady state at 250C. The feed
temperature is 900C and the salt concentration xG G − xH H xG G − xP P
in the feed is 40 weight%. The salt crystallizes as (A) xG G (B) xG G
a pentahydrate. The crystals and the mother
liquor leave the crystallizer. The molecular xF F − xH H x F F − xP P
weight of the anhydrous salt is 135. The (C)
xF F (D)
xF F
solubility of the slat at 250C is 20 weight%
57. An insulated storage tank contains 1000 kg
The feed flowrate required for a production rate liquid of specific heat 10 kJ kg-1 K-1. The liquid is
of 100 kg/s of hydrated salt, rounded to the heated by saturated steam, condensing in a
nearest integer, is ____kg/s helical coil at a temperature of 1800C. The heat
transfer area of the coil is 0.1 m2. If the overall
(Gate 2018)
heat transfer coefficient is constant at 1000 W
55. The ammonia (NH3) oxidation process m-2 K-1, then the time (in hours) required to raise
occurs over a catalyst as the temperature of the liquid in the tank from
4 NH 3 + 5O2 → 6 H 2O + 4 NO 200C to 800C is _______(rounded off to second
decimal place)
12 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

Answer Key Table

1 B 20 D 39 D

2 C 21 A 40 A

3 B 22 C 41 B

4 0.7 23 D 42 B

5 B 24 D 43 A

6 …. 25 C 44 18.0045

7 D 26 B 45 3.26667

8 C 27 C 46 0.2647

9 D 28 D 47 10 mol

10 B 29 B 48 34.62

11 B 30 C 49 B

12 B 31 A 50 45.2

13 B 32 C 51 B

14 A 33 B 52 A

15 D 34 B 53 D

16 A 35 B 54. 200

17 B 36 C 55. 0.18420

18 B 37 C 56. D

19 C 38 C 57. 13.0556

13 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved

GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

14 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved