SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

Bachelor of Science in PCM

 SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PCM
 FIRST YEAR
SYLLABUS
F.Y.B.Sc.
Compulsory English

Term-I Term-II
Prose- 1, 2, 3, 4 Prose- 5, 6, 7, 8
Poetry- 9, 10, 11 Poetry- 12, 13, 14
Grammar- 1, 2, 3 Grammar- 4, 5
Communication Skills- 1,2,3,4,5 Communication Skills- 6,7,8,9,10
Prose
1. An Astrologer’s Day - R.K Narayan
2. Our Urgent Need of Self-esteem - Nathaniel Branden
3. The Gift of Magi - O’ Henry
4. Karma - Khushwant Singh
5. Tryst with Destiny - Jawaharlal Nehru
6. Youth and the Tasks Ahead - Karan Singh
7. Prospects of Democracy in India - B. R. Ambedkar
8. The Eyes are not Here - Ruskin Bond
Poetry
9. A Red, Red Rose - Robert Burns
10. Where the Mind is without Fear - Rabindranath Tagore
11. If You Call Me - Sarojini Naidu
12. Upon Westminster Bridge - William Wordsworth
13. An old Woman - Arun Kolatkar
14. Success is Counted Sweetest - Emily Dickinson
Grammar and Communication Skills
Grammar :
1. Articles
2. Prepositions
3. Verbs :

3.1 Regular and Irregular Verbs

3.2 Auxiliaries (Primary and Modal)

4. Tenses :

4.1 Present tense:

A) Simple present, B) Present progressive, C) Present perfect, D) Present

perfect progressive.

4.2 Past tense:

A) Simple past, B) Past progressive, C) Past perfect, D) Past perfect pro-

gressive

4.3 Future tense :

A) Simple future, B) future progressive, C) Future perfect, D) Future perfect

progressive

5. Subject-Verb Agreement (Concord)

Communication skills:

1. Taking Leave

2. Introducing Yourself

3. Introducing People to One Another

4. Making Requests and Asking for Directions

5. Making and Accepting an Apology

6. Inviting and Accepting/Declining an Invitation

7. Making a Complaint

8. Congratulating, Expressing Sympathy and Offering Condolences

9. Making Suggestions, Offering Advice and Persuading

10. Expressing Agreement/Disagreement and Seeking Clarification

 Syllabus
F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - I)
Mechanics, Heat and Thermodynamics
Unit
No. Topic
1 Newton’s laws of motion :
1.1 Newton’s First and Second Law and their explanation
1.2 Working with Newton’s First and Second Law
1.3 Newton’s Third Law of motion and its explanation
1.4 Various types of forces in nature (explanation) and concept
of field
1.5 Frame of reference (Inertial, Non-inertial)
1.6 Pseudo Forces (e.g. Centrifugal Force)
2 Work and Energy :
2.1 Kinetic Energy
2.2 Work and Work-Energy Theorem
2.3 Calculation of Work done with
i) Constant Force ii) Variable Force
iii) Illustration
2.4 Conservative and Non-conservative Forces
2.5 Potential energy and conservation of Mechanical energy
2.6 Change in potential energy in rigid body motion Mass-energy
equivalence
3 Elasticity :
3.1 Hook’s law and coefficient of elasticity
3.2 Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus and Modulus of rigidity
3.3 Work done during longitudinal strain, volume strain, and shearing
strain
3.4 Poisson’s ratio
3.5 Relation between three elastic moduli (Y, , K)
3.6 Determination of Y of rectangular thin bar loaded at the
centre
3.7 Torsional oscillations
4 Surface Tension :
4.1 Surface Tension, Angle of Contact, Capillary Rise Method
4.2 Rise of liquid in a conical capillary tube
4.3 Energy required to raise a liquid in capillary tube
 4.4 Factors affecting surface tension
4.5 Jeager’s Method for Determination of surface tension
4.6 Applications of Surface Tension
5 Viscosity and Fluid Mechanics :
5.1 Concept of Viscous Forces and Viscosity
5.2 Pressure in a fluid and buoyancy
5.3 Pascal’s law
5.4 Atmospheric Pressure and Barometer
5.5 Pressure difference and Buoyant Force in accelerating
fluids
5.6 Steady and Turbulent Flow, Reynolds’s number
5.7 Equation of continuity
5.8 Bernoulli’s Principle
5.9 Application of Bernoulli’s equation
i) Speed of Efflux ii) Ventury meter
iii) Aspirator Pump iv) Change of plane of motion of a
spinning ball.
6 Equation of state :
6.1 Equations of state
6.2 Andrew’s experiment
6.3 Amagat’s experiment
6.4 Van der Waals’ equation of state
6.5 Critical constants
6.6 Reduced equation of state
6.7 Joule-Thomson porous plug experiment
7 Concepts of Thermodynamics :
7.1 Thermodynamic state of a system and Zeroth law of
Thermodynamics
7.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium
7.3 Adiabatic and isothermal changes
7.4 Work done during isothermal changes
7.5 Adiabatic relations for perfect gas
7.6 Work done during adiabatic change
7.7 Indicator Diagram
7.8 First law of Thermodynamics
7.9 Reversible and Irreversible processes
8 Applied Thermodynamics :
8.1 Conversion of Heat into Work and its converse
8.2 Carnot’s Cycle and Carnot’s Heat Engine and its efficiency
8.3 Second law of Thermodynamics
 8.4 Concept of Entropy
8.5 Temperature-Entropy Diagram
8.6 T-dS Equation
8.7 Clausius-Clapeyron Latent heat equations
9 Heat Transfer Mechanisms :
9.1 Heat Engines
i) Otto cycle and its efficiency
ii) Diesel cycle and its efficiency
9.2 Refrigerators:
i) General Principle and Coefficient of performance of
refrigerator
ii) The Carnot Refrigerator
iii) Simple structure of vapour compression refrigerator
9.3 Air conditioning: principle and its applications
10 Thermometry :
10.1 Temperature Scales: Centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin
scale
10.2 Principle, construction and working of following
thermometers
i) Liquid and Gas Thermometers
ii) Resistive Type Thermometer
iii) Thermocouple as thermometer
iv) Pyre heliometer
 Syllabus
F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - II)
Physics Principles, Applications and Electromagnetics
Unit
No. Topic
1 Newton’s laws of motion :
1.1 Newton’s First and Second Law and their explanation
1.2 Working with Newton’s First and Second Law
1.3 Newton’s Third Law of motion and its explanation
1.4 Various types of forces in nature (explanation) and concept
of field
1.5 Frame of reference (Inertial, Non-inertial)
1.6 Pseudo Forces (e.g. Centrifugal Force)
2 Work and Energy :
2.1 Kinetic Energy
2.2 Work and Work-Energy Theorem
2.3 Calculation of Work done with
i) Constant Force ii) Variable Force
iii) Illustration
2.4 Conservative and Non-conservative Forces
2.5 Potential energy and conservation of Mechanical energy
2.6 Change in potential energy in rigid body motion Mass-energy
equivalence
3 Elasticity :
3.1 Hook’s law and coefficient of elasticity
3.2 Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus and Modulus of rigidity
3.3 Work done during longitudinal strain, volume strain, and shearing
strain
3.4 Poisson’s ratio
3.5 Relation between three elastic moduli (Y, , K)
3.6 Determination of Y of rectangular thin bar loaded at the
centre
3.7 Torsional oscillations
4 Surface Tension :
4.1 Surface Tension, Angle of Contact, Capillary Rise Method
4.2 Rise of liquid in a conical capillary tube
4.3 Energy required to raise a liquid in capillary tube
 4.4 Factors affecting surface tension
4.5 Jeager’s Method for Determination of surface tension
4.6 Applications of Surface Tension
5 Viscosity and Fluid Mechanics :
5.1 Concept of Viscous Forces and Viscosity
5.2 Pressure in a fluid and buoyancy
5.3 Pascal’s law
5.4 Atmospheric Pressure and Barometer
5.5 Pressure difference and Buoyant Force in accelerating
fluids
5.6 Steady and Turbulent Flow, Reynolds’s number
5.7 Equation of continuity
5.8 Bernoulli’s Principle
5.9 Application of Bernoulli’s equation
i) Speed of Efflux ii) Ventury meter
iii) Aspirator Pump iv) Change of plane of motion of a
spinning ball.
6 Equation of state :
6.1 Equations of state
6.2 Andrew’s experiment
6.3 Amagat’s experiment
6.4 Van der Waals’ equation of state
6.5 Critical constants
6.6 Reduced equation of state
6.7 Joule-Thomson porous plug experiment
7 Concepts of Thermodynamics :
7.1 Thermodynamic state of a system and Zeroth law of
Thermodynamics
7.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium
7.3 Adiabatic and isothermal changes
7.4 Work done during isothermal changes
7.5 Adiabatic relations for perfect gas
7.6 Work done during adiabatic change
7.7 Indicator Diagram
7.8 First law of Thermodynamics
7.9 Reversible and Irreversible processes
8 Applied Thermodynamics :
8.1 Conversion of Heat into Work and its converse
8.2 Carnot’s Cycle and Carnot’s Heat Engine and its efficiency
8.3 Second law of Thermodynamics
 8.4 Concept of Entropy
8.5 Temperature-Entropy Diagram
8.6 T-dS Equation
8.7 Clausius-Clapeyron Latent heat equations
9 Heat Transfer Mechanisms :
9.1 Heat Engines
i) Otto cycle and its efficiency
ii) Diesel cycle and its efficiency
9.2 Refrigerators:
i) General Principle and Coefficient of performance of
refrigerator
ii) The Carnot Refrigerator
iii) Simple structure of vapour compression refrigerator
9.3 Air conditioning: principle and its applications
10 Thermometry :
10.1 Temperature Scales: Centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin
scale
10.2 Principle, construction and working of following
thermometers
i) Liquid and Gas Thermometers
ii) Resistive Type Thermometer
iii) Thermocouple as thermometer
iv) Pyre heliometer
 Syllabus
F. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper-I)
Introduction to Chemistry

Unit Topic
No.

1 Introduction to Chemistry:

o Nature, Scope & Importance of Chemistry at secondary & higher

secondary level. Correlation of Chemistry with other discipline.
o Objectives of Chemistry at secondary & higher secondary level.

2 Organic and Inorganic Chemistry :

o Hydrocarbons – Types, IUPAC Nomenclature

o Alkanes, Alkenes, alkynes & Aromatic compounds
o Alcohols, phenols and ethers
o Periodic Table, s,p,d and f block elements

3 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry :

o States of matter
o Solid state, Solutions and colligative properties
o Chemical Thermodynamics
o Chemistry in everyday Life
 Syllabus
F. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - II)
Organic Chemistry

Unit
No. Topic
1 Strength of organic acids and bases
Introduction, pKa, origin of acidity, influence of solvent, simple
aliphatic saturated and unsaturated acids, substituted aliphatic acid,
phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, pKa and temperature, pKb,
aliphatic and aromatic bases, heterocyclic bases, acid base
catalysis.
2 Stereochemistry of disubstituted cyclohexane
Introduction, 1,1-alkyl disubstituted cyclohexane;
Dimethyl cyclohexane 1,2; 1,3 and 1,4.
Geometrical isomerism, Optical isomerism, stability of
conformation, energy calculations.
3 Nucleophilic substitution at aliphatic Carbon
Introduction, Nucleophile and leaving groups,
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution. The SN1
reaction: Kinetics, mechanism and stereochemistry
(Racemization), stability of carbocation. The
SN2 reaction: Kinetics, mechanism & stereochemistry
(inversion). How to know whether a given reaction will follow SN1 or
SN2 mechanism.Comparison of SN1 & SN2 reactions.SNi reaction
and mechanism.
4 Reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons and carbon oxygen
double bond
a) Reaction of Carbon-Carbon double bond:
Introduction, Mechanism of electrophilic addition to C=C bond.
Orientation & reactivity, Rearrangements, (Support for formation of
carbocation). Addition of hydrohalogen, Anti Markownikoff’s
addition (peroxide effect) with mechanism, Addition of halogens (dl
pairs and meso isomers), hypohalous acids (HOX), Hydroxylation
(Mechanism of cis and trans 1,2-diols). Hydroboration- Oxidation
(Formation of alcohol), Hydrogenation (Formation of alkane),
Ozonolysis (formation of aldehydes & ketones)
 b) Reactions of Carbon :
Carbon triple bond: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, halogen
acids, water and formation of metal acetylides and its application.
c) Reactions of Carbon –oxygen Double Bond :
Introduction, Structure of carbonyl group, reactivity of carbonyl
group, addition of Hydrogen cyanide, alcohols, thiols, water,
ammonia derivatives, Cannizzaro and Reformaski reactions with
mechanism.
5 Elimination Reactions :
Introduction; 1,1; 1,2 elimination,E1, E2 and E1cB mechanism
with evidences, Hoffmann and Saytzeff’s elimination, reactivity
effect of structure, attacking and leaving groups.
6 Aromatic Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions:
Introduction, arenium ion mechanism, Effect of substituent group
(Orientation, o/p directing and meta directing groups). Classification
of substituent groups (activating and deactivating groups)
Mechanism of – Nitrat
 Syllabus
F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - I)
Algebra & Geometry
Unit
No.
Topic
Integers
1
1.1 Well Ordering Principle for N. Principle of Mathematical
induction (strong form).
1.2 Divisibility in Z: Definition and elementary properties.
Division Algorithm, Euclidean Algorithm (Without proof)
G.C.D. and L.C.M of integers, Relatively prime integers,
Definition Prime numbers ,Euclid’s lemma, Basic properties
of G.C.D., G.C.D of any two integers and if it exists is unique
and can be expressed in the form ax+by, where x,yZ.
1.3 Equivalence Relations, Equivalences classes, properties
of Equivalences classes, Definition of partition, every
partition gives an equivalence relation and vice-versa,
Definition of Congruence, Congruence as equivalence
relation on , Residue classes, Partition of , Addition modulo n
, Multiplication modulo n.
Polynomials
2
2.1 Definition of polynomial, Degree of polynomial, Algebra of
polynomials, Division algorithm (without proof). G.C.D of two
polynomials (without proof).
2.2 Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem.
2.3 Relation between the roots and the coefficients of a
polynomial, Examples.
Matrices and System of linear equations
3
3.1 Matrices, Echelon and Reduced echelon form of a matrix,
Reduction of matrix to its echelon form, Definition of rank of a
matrix by using echelon form.
3.2 System of linear equations, Matrix form of system of
linear equations, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous
system of linear equations, Gauss Elimination and Gauss
Jordan Method.
3.3 Consistency of a system of linear equations, condition of
 consistency (without proof).
3.4 Eigen values, Eigen vectors, characteristic equation of a
matrix of order up to 3×3
3.5 Statement of Cayley Hamilton theorem and its use to find
the inverse of a matrix.
4 Analytical Geometry of two dimensions:
4.1 Change of axes, Translation and rotation.
4.2 Conic Section: General equation of second degree in x
and y. Centre of conic, Nature of conic, Reduction to
standard form.

5 Planes in 3-dimension:
Revision: Equations of the first degree in x, y, z,
Transformation to the normal form, determination of plane
under given conditions, Equations of the plane through three
given points.
5.1 Systems of planes, two sides of a plane.
5.2 Length of the perpendicular from a point to a plane,
bisectors of angles between two planes.
5.3 Joint equation of two planes, Angle between planes.

6 Lines in 3-dimension:
Revision: Equations of a line, equations of a straight line in
terms of its direction cosines and the co-ordinates of a point
on it, equations of a line through two points, Symmetrical and
unsymmetrical forms of the equations of a line.
transformation of the equations of a line to the symmetrical
form. Angle between a line and a plane.
6.1 The condition that a given line may lie in a given plane,
the condition that two given lines are coplanar.
6.2 Number of arbitrary constants in the equations of a
straight line, sets of conditions which determine a line.
6.3 The shortest distance between two lines, the length and
equations of the line of shortest distance between two
straight lines, length of perpendicular from a given point to a
given line.
7 Sphere
7.1 Definition and equation of the sphere in various forms.
7.2 Plane section of a sphere, intersection of two spheres.
7.3 Equation of a circle, sphere through a given circle,
intersection of a sphere and a line.
7.4 Equation of a tangent plane

8 Cones and Cylinders:

8.1 Definition of cone and cylinder.
8.2 Equation of cone and cylinder with vertex at origin and
(,,).
8.3 The right circular cone, equation of a right circular cone.
8.4 The right circular cylinder, equation of a right circular cylinder.
 Syllabus
F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - II)
Calculus and Differential Equations
Unit
No. Topic
1 The Real Numbers:
1.1 Algebraic properties of R,
1.2 Order properties of R, Iintervals in R, neighborhoods and deleted
neighborhoods of a real number, bounded subsets of R.
1.3 The Completeness Property of R, denseness of Q in R.
2 Limit and Continuity :
2.1 -  definition of limit of a function, Basic properties of limits.
2.2 Continuity of function at a point, Types of discontinuity.
2.3 Continuous functions on intervals.
2.4 Properties of continuous functions on closed and bounded interval.
(i) Boundedness. (ii) Attains its bounds. (iii) Intermediate value
theorem
3 Differentiation :
3.1 Definition of derivative of a real valued function at a point, notion of
differentiability, geometric interpretation of a derivative of a real
valued function at a point.
3.2 Differentiability of a function over an interval.
3.3 Statement of rules of differentiability, chain rule of finding derivative
of composite of differentiable functions (without proof), derivative of
an inverse function.
3.4. Mean Value Theorems: Rolle•fs Theorem, Lagrange•fs Mean
Value Theorem, Cauchy•fs Mean Value Theorem
3.5 Indeterminate forms. L-Hospitals rule.
3.6 Higher order derivatives, examples, Leibnitz Theorem and its
applications
3.7 Taylor•fs and Maclaurin•fs Theorem with Lagrange•fs form of
remainder (without proof), Examples with assuming convergence of
series.
4 Integration :
4.1 Integration of rational function by using partial fraction.
4.2 Integration of some irrational functions:

i) where n is a positive integer, ii)

 iii)
4.3 Reduction formula

i) ii) , n is a positive integer

iii) iv) v)
5 Differential Equations of first order and first degree:
5.1 Introduction to function of two, three variables, homogenous
functions, Partial derivatives.
5.2 Differential equations, General solution of Differential equations.
5.3 Methods of finding solution of Differential equations of first order
and first degree, Variable separable form, Homogenous Differential
equations, Differential equations reducible to homogeneous form.
Exact Differential equations.
Differential equations reducible to exact Differential equations,
Integrating factors, Linear Differential equations. Bernoulli’s
Differential equations.
6 Application of Differential Equations :
6.1 Orthogonal trajectories.
6.2 Kirchhofff’s law of electrical circuit (RC & LR Circuit)
7 Methods of finding general solution of Differential Equations of
first order and higher degree:
7.1 Equations solvable for p.
7.2 Equations solvable for x.
7.3 Equations solvable for y.
7.4 Equation in Clairaut’s form.
 SECOND YEAR

Syllabus
S. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - I)
Mathematical Methods in Physics
Unit
Topic
No.
1. Complex Numbers
1.1 Introduction to complex numbers.
1.2 Rectangular, polar and exponential forms of complex
numbers.
1.3 Argand diagram
1.4 Algebra of complex numbers using mathematical and
Argand diagram
1.5 De-Moivre’s Theorem
1.6 Powers, roots and log of complex numbers.
1.7 Trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions.
1.8 Applications of complex numbers to determine
velocity and acceleration in curved motion
1.9 Problems.

2. Partial Differentiation
2.1 Definition of partial differentiation
2.2 Successive differentiation
2.3 Total differentiation
2.4 Exact differential
2.5 Chain rule
2.6 Theorems of differentiation
2.7 Change of variables from Cartesian to polar co-ordinates.
2.8 Implicit and explicit functions
2.9 Conditions for maxima and minima (without proof)
2.10 Problems.

3. Vector Algebra
3.1 Introduction to scalars and vectors
3.2 dot product and cross product of two vectors and its physical
significance
 3.3 Scalar triple product and its geometrical interpretation.
3.4 Vector triple product and its proof.
3.5 Problems.

4. Vector Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Scalar and vector fields
4.3 Differentiation of vectors with respect to scalar.
4.4 Vector differential operator and Laplacian operator
4.5 Gradient of scalar field and its physical significance.
4.6 Divergence of scalar field and its physical significance
4.7 Curl of vector field
4.8 Vector identities
a. Ñ´ÑF = 0
b. Ñ.(Ñ´V) = 0
c. Ñ.(ÑF) =Ñ2F
d. Ñ.(FA) =ÑF. A +F(Ñ.A)
e. Ñ´(F A) = F(Ñ´A) + (ÑF) ´ A
f. Ñ.(A´B) = B. (Ñ´ A) . A.(Ñ´B)
4.9 Problems.

5. Differential Equation
5.1 Frequently occurring partial differential equations
(Cartesian coordinates)
5.2 Degree, order, linearity and homogeneity of
differential equation.
5.3 Concept of Singular points. Example of singular
points (x = 0, x = x0 and x =¥) of differential
equation.
5.4 Problems.
 Syllabus
S. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - II)
Electronics
Unit
Topic
No.
1. Network Theorems
1.1 Kirchhoff’s laws (revision)
1.2 Voltage and Current divider circuits
1.3 Thevenin's theorem
1.4 Norton's theorem
1.5 Super-position theorem
1.6 Maximum power transfer theorem (All theorems 1.3 to 1.6
with proof)
Problems.
2. Study of Transistor
2.1 Bijunction Transistor
1. Revision of bipolar junction transistor, types,
symbols and basic action
2. Configurations (Common Base, Common
Emitter & Common Collector)
3. Current gain factors (á &â) and their relations.
4. Input, output and transfer characteristics of CE,
CB & CC configurations.
5. Biasing methods: Base bias, Emitter feedback
and voltage divider
6. DC load lines (CE), Operating point (Q point)
7. Transistor as a switch
Problems.
 2.2 Uni- Junction Transistor
1. Symbol, types, construction, working
principle, I-V characteristics, Specifications,
Parameters of: Uni-Junction Transistor(UJT)
2. Use of UJT as a relaxation oscillator
3. Opertaional Amplifiers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ideal and practical Characteristics
3.3 Operational amplifier: IC 741- Block diagram and Pin
diagram
3.4 Concept of virtual ground
3.5 Inverting and non-inverting operational amplifiers with
concept of gain.
3.6 Operational amplifier as an adder and substracter.
Problems.
4. Oscillatros
4.1 Concept of positive and negative feedback
4.2 Barkhausein criteria for an oscillator
4.3 Construction, working and applications of Phase shift
oscillator using IC-741
Problems.
5. Power Supply
5.1 Concept and working of rectifier half wave, full wave and
bridge rectifier
5.2 Ripple voltage
5.3 RC filter circuit
5.4 Unregulated and regulated power supply
5.5 Concept of load and line regulation
5.6 Zener as regulator
Problems.
6 Number System and Logic Gates
6.1 Number systems: Binary, Binary coded decimal
(BCD), Octal, Hexadecimal
6.2 Addition and subtraction of binary numbers and
binary fractions using one’s and two’s
complement.
6.3 Basic logic gates (OR, AND, NOT)
6.4 Derived gates: NOR, NAND, EXOR, EXNOR with
symbols and truth tables
6.5 Boolean Algebra
6.6 De Morgan's theorems and its verification
Problems.
 Syllabus
S. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - I)
Inorganic Chemistry
Unit
Topic
No.
1. Molecular Orbital Theory
Limitations of Valence Bond theory(VBT), Need of
Molecular orbital theory (MOT), Features of MOT, Formation
of molecular orbitals(MO’s) by LCAO principle, Rules of
LCAO combination, Different types of combination of Atomic
orbital(AO’s): S-S, S-P, P-P and d-d, Non-bonding
combination orbitals(formation of NBMO), M.O. Energy level
diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecules, Bond order
and existence of molecule from bond order, Energy (â) and

magnetic behavior for following molecules or ions: H2, H2+,

He2+, Li2, Be2, B2,C2, N2, O2, O2+, O2-, O22-, F2, Ne2,

M.O. energy level diagram, for heteronuclear diatomic

molecule like CO, NO, HCl, HF.
M.O. energy level diagram, for heteronuclear triatomic
molecule like CO2, NO2

2. Coordination Chemistry
I. INTRODUCTION TO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
1. (General account and meaning of the terms involved in
coordination chemistry:)
Coordinate bond, central metal atom or ions, ligand,
double salt, complex compound, coordination number,
charge on the complex ion, oxidation number of Metal ion,
first and second coordination sphere.
2. Ligands: Definition, Classification, Chelates and chelating
agents.
3. Formation Constant, inert and labile complexes.
4. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds
5. Different geometries of coordination compounds
with C.N.= 4 to C.N.=10 and examples of each geometry.

II. WERNER’S THEORY OF COORDINATION

COMPOUNDS
Assumptions of Werner’s coordination theory, Werner’s
formulation of Coordination compounds, Physical and
chemical test to support his formulation of ionizable and non-
ionizable complexes, Stereoisomerism in complexes with
C.N.4 and C.N. 6 to identify the correct geometrical
arrangement of the complexes.

III. ISOMERISM IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

Definition of isomerism in complexes-Structural Isomerism
and stereoisomerism,
1. Structural isomerism (ionization, hydrate, linkage, ligand,
coordination position and polymerization isomers)
2. Stereoisomerism and its types-Geometrical isomerism and
optical isomerism.

IV. SIDGWICK THEORY

Concept of Sidgwick’s model, Scheme of arrow indication
for M-L bond suggested by Sidgwick, Effective Atomic
Number rule (EAN), Calculations of EAN value for different
complexes and stability of complexes, Advantages and
Drawbacks of Sidgwick’s theory.

V. PAULING’S VALENCE BOND THEORY

Introduction of Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Need of concept
of hybridization, Aspects of VBT, Assumptions, VB
representation of tetrahedral, square planer,
trigonalbipyramidal and octahedral complexes with
examples, Inner and outer orbital complexes, Electro
neutrality principle, Multiple bonding( dð-pð and dð-dð),
Limitations of VBT.

VI. CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY

Introduction and need of Crystal Field Theory(CFT),
Assumptions, Shapes and degeneracy of d orbital, Splitting
of d-orbitals, Application of CFT to octahedral complexes,
pairing energy(P) and distribution of electrons in eg and t 2g

level, calculation of magnetic moment using spin-only

formula, Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE),
calculation of CFSE in weak oh field and strong oh field
complexes, Evidence for CFSE, Interpretation of spectra of
complexes, calculation of 10 Dq and factors affecting
magnitude of 10Dq, d-d transitions and colour of the
complexes, Jahn-Teller distortion theorem for octahedral
complexes and its illustration, CFT of tetrahedral and square
planar complexes, calculations of CFSE, Spectrochemical
series, Nephelauxatic effect and Nephelauxetic series,
Limitations of CFT, modified CFT (LFT), Problems related to
calculation of 10 Dq, CFSE and spin only magnetic moment
for octahedral, tetrahedral & square planar complexes. (i.e.
for high spin & low spin complexes)
VII. MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY OF
COORDINATION
COMPLEX
Introduction, Assumptions, MO treatment to octahedral
complexes with sigma bonding, Formation of MO’s from
metal orbitals and Composite Ligand Orbitals (CLO), MO
correlation diagram for octahedral complexes with sigma
bonding, effect of ð bonding, Charge transfer spectra,
Comparison of VBT, CFT, and MOT.
 Syllabus
S. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - II)
Physical Chemistry
Unit
Topic
No.
1. Chemical Kinetics :
Recapitulation of Chemical Kinetics, Third order reaction,
Derivation of integrated rate law for third order reaction with equal
initial concentration, characteristics of third order reaction,
examples of third order reaction, Methods to determine order of
reaction using Integrated rate equation method, Graphical
method, Half-life method, Differential method. Effect of
temperature on reaction rate, Arrhenius equation, related
numerical.
2. Electrolytic Conductance:
Recapitulation of Electrolytic conductance,Specific and
equivalent conductance,Variation of equivalent conductance with
concentration, Kohlrausch’s law and its applications to determine
a. Equivalent conductance at infinite dilution of a weak
electrolyte,
b. The ionic product of water,
c. Solubility of sparingly soluble salts,
Migration of ions and ionic mobilities, absolute velocity of ions,
Transport number determination by Hittorf’s method and moving
boundary method, Relation between ionic mobility, ionic
conductance and transport number, Ionic theory of conductance,
Debye-Huckel –Onsager equation and its validity, Activity in
solution, fugacity and activity coefficient of strong electrolyte.

3. Investigations of Molecular Structure:

Molar refraction, Electrical polarization of molecules, Permanent
dipole moment, Determination of dipole moment, Molecular
spectra - Rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra Reference.
4. Phase Rule:
Definitions, Gibb’s phase rule, one component system (moderate
pressure only) for sulphur and water system, two component
system for silver-lead and zinc-cadmium.
 Syllabus
S. Y. B.Sc. Mathematics (Paper-I)
Multivariable Calculus
Unit Topic
No.
1 Limit and Continuity of Multivariable functions:
1.1. Functions of several variables, graphs and level curves of
function of two variables.
1.2. Limit and Continuity in higher dimensions.
2 Partial Derivatives:
2.1. Definition and examples.
2.2. Second order partial derivative, the mixed derivative
theorem.
2.3. Partial derivatives of higher order
3 Differentiability:
3.1. Differentiability, the increment theorem for functions of two
variables (without proof).
3.2. Chain rules for composite function.
3.3. Directional derivatives, gradient vectors.
3.4. Tangent planes, normal lines and differentials.
4 Extreme Values:
4.1. Extreme values, First derivative test and Second derivative
test for local extreme values.
4.2. Lagrange’s multipliers method for finding extreme values of
constraint function (One Constraint)
4.3. Taylors Formula for two variables.
5 Multiple Integrals:
5.1. Double Integral over rectangles, Fubini’s theorem for
calculating double integrals (Without proof).
5.2. Double integrals in polar form.
5.3. Triple integrals in rectangular coordinates.
5.4. Triple integral in cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
5.5. Substitution in multiple integrals, Application to area and
volumes.
 Syllabus
S. Y. B. Sc. (Paper-II)
Discrete Mathematics
Unit
No. Topic
1 Logic and Proofs:
1.1 Propositional logic.
1.2 Propositional equivalences.
1.3 Predicates and quantifiers.
1.4 Nested quantifiers.
1.5 Rules of inference.
1.6 Introduction to proofs.
2 Counting:
2.1 The basics of counting.
2.2 Permutation and combinations.
2.3 Generalized permutation and combinations.
3 Advanced Counting Technique:
3.1 Inclusion-Exclusion (without proof).
4 The Laplace Transform:
4.1 Definition, Laplace Transform of some elementary functions.
4.2 Some important properties of Laplace Transform.
4.3 Laplace Transform of derivatives, Laplace Transform of
Integrals.
4.4 Methods of finding Laplace Transform, Evaluation of
Integrals.
4.5 The Gamma function, Unit step function and Dirac delta
function.
5 The Inverse Laplace Transform:
5.1 Definition, Some inverse Laplace Transform.
5.2 Some important properties of Inverse Laplace Transform.
5.3 Inverse Laplace Transform of derivative, Inverse Laplace
Transform of integrals.
5.4 Convolution Theorem, Evaluation of Integrals.
6 Applications of Laplace Transform:
6.1 Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations with constant
coefficients.
7 Fourier Series :
7.1 Definition and examples of Fourier Series.
 THIRD YEAR
Syllabus
T. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - I)
Classical Electrodynamics
Unit
No. Topic
1 Electrostatics:
1.1. Coulomb’s law, Gauss law, Electric field, Electrostatic
Potential
1.2. Potential energy of system of charges.
1.3. Statement of Poisson’s equation, Boundary Value
problems in electrostatics-solution of Laplace equation in
Cartesian system,
1.4. Method of image charges: Point charge near an infinite
grounded conducting plane, Point charge near grounded
conducting sphere.
1.5. Polarization P, Electric displacement D, Electric
susceptibility and dielectric constant, bound volume and
surface charge densities.
1.6. Electric field at an exterior and interior point of dielectric.
2 Magnetostatics:
2.1. Concepts of magnetic induction, magnetic flux and
magnetic field
2.2. Magnetic induction due to straight current carrying
conductor, Energy density in magnetic field,
magnetization of matter. Relationship between B,H and
M.
2.3. Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law for force between two
current carrying loops, Ampere’s circuital law,
2.4. Equation of continuity, Magnetic vector potential A.
2.5. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis loss,
B-H curve.
3 Electrodynamics:
3.1. Concept of electromagnetic induction,Faradays law of
induction, Lenz’s law, displacement current,
generalization of Amperes’ law
3.2. Maxwell’s equations (Differential and Integral form) and
their physical significance
3.3. Polarization, reflection & refraction of electromagnetic
waves through media
3.4. Wave equation and plane waves in free space.
3.5. Poynting theorem&Poynting vector, Polarizations of plane
wave.
3.6. Microscopic form of ohm’s law (J = s.E)
 Syllabus
T. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - II)
Quantum Mechanics
Unit
No. Topic
1 Origin of Quantum Mechanics:
1. Historical Background
a) Review of Black body radiation,
b) Review of photoelectric effects.
2. Matter waves - De Broglie hypothesis. Davisson and
Germer experiment.
3. Wave particle duality
4. Wave function of a particle having definite momentum.
5. Concept of wave packet, phase velocity, group velocity
and relation betweenthem
6. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle with thought
experiment.
- Electron diffraction experiment, different forms of
uncertainty.
2 The Schrodinger equation:
1. Physical interpretation of wave function
2. Schrodinger time dependent equation.
3. Schrodinger time independent equation.(Steady state
equation).
4. Requirements of wave function.
5. Probability current density, equation of continuity, and its
physical significance.
6. Definition of an operator in Quantum mechanics.
- Eigen function and Eigen values.
7. Expectation value – Ehrenfest’s theorem The
Schrodinger equation: (15 L)
1. Physical interpretation of wave function
2. Schrodinger time dependent equation.
3. Schrodinger time independent equation.(Steady state
equation).
4. Requirements of wave function.
5. Probability current density, equation of continuity,
 and its physical significance.
6. Definition of an operator in Quantum mechanics.
- Eigen function and Eigen values.
7. Expectation value – Ehrenfest’s theorem
3 Applications of Schrodinger Steady state equation:
1. Free particle.
2. Particle in infinitely deep potential well (one - dimension).
3. Particle in three dimension rigid box.
4. Step potential.
5. Potential barrier. (Qualitative discussion).Barrier
penetration and tunneling effect.
6. Harmonic oscillator (one-dimension), correspondence
principle.
4 Spherically symmetric potentials:
1. Schrodinger’s equation in spherical polar co-ordinate
system.
2. Rigid rotator (free axis).
3. Hydrogen atom: Qualitative discussion on the radial and
angular parts of thebound state energy, energy state
functions, Quantum numbers n, l, ml, ms–Degeneracy.
5 Operators in Quantum Mechanics:
1. Hermitian operator.
2. Position, Momentum operator, angular momentum
operator, and total energyoperator (Hamiltonian).
3. Commutator brackets- Simultaneous Eigen functions.
4. Commutator algebra.
5. Commutator brackets using position, momentum and
angular momentumoperator.
6. Raising and lowering angular momentum operator.
7. Concept of parity, parity operator and its Eigen values.
 Syllabus
T. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - I)
Analytical Chemistry
Unit
Topic
No.
1. Gravimetric Analysis
Common ion effect and solubility product principles, Conditions
for good precipitation,Factors affecting precipitation like acid,
temperature, nature of solvent,Super saturation and precipitation
formation,Precipitation from homogeneous solution and
examples, Co-precipitation, postprecipitation and remedies for
their minimization, Washing of precipitate and ignition of
precipitate,Brief idea about method of filtration and drying of
precipitate, Introduction to electrogravimetry: principle,
applications, electrolytic separations of Cu and Ni, Numerical
problems only on gravimetric analysis.

2. Thermal methods of analysis

Principle of thermal analysis, classification of thermal techniques,
Principle, instrumentation and applications of TGA and DTA,
factors affecting the thermal analysis, numerical problem.

3. Spectrophotometry
Introduction, Electromagnetic spectrum, Interaction of
electromagnetic radiations with the matter, Mathematical
Statement and derivation of Lambert’s Law and Beer’s Law,
Terminology involved in spectrophotometric analysis,
Instrumentation of single beamcolorimeter, Instrumentation of
single and double beam spectrophotometer, Principle of additivity
of absorbance and simultaneous determination,
Spectrophotometric Titrations, Experimental Applications-
Structure of organic compounds, Structure of complexes,
Numerical Problems
4. Polarography
Introduction to voltammetric methods of analysis, Principles of
polarographic analysis, Dropping Mercury Electrode, Instrument
and working of polarographic apparatus, Ilkovic equation and
quantitative analysis, Polarogram and chemical analysis, Analysis
of mixture of cations, Factors affecting polarographic wave,
Quantitative Applications, Numerical Problems

5. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Introduction and theory of atomic absorption spectroscopy,
Instrumentation of single beam atomic absorption
Spectrophotometer, Measurement of absorbance of atomic
species by AAS, Spectral and Chemical Interferences, Qualitative
and Quantitative Applications of AAS. Numerical Problems.

6. Flame Emission Spectroscopy

Introduction and theory of atomic emission spectroscopy,
Instrumentation of single beam flame emission
spectrophotometer, Measurement of emission of atomic species,
Interferences in emission spectroscopy, Methods of analysis-
calibration curve method, Standard addition method, and internal,
standard method, Qualitative and Quantitative Applications of
FES, Numerical Problems.
 Syllabus
T. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - II)
Industrial Chemistry
Unit
Topic
No.
1.
Modern Approach to Chemical Industry
Introduction, basic requirements of chemical industries, chemical
production, raw materials, unit process and unit operations,
Quality control, quality assurance, process control, research and
development, pollution control, human resource, safety
measures, classification of chemical reactions, batch and
continuous process, Conversion, selectivity and yield, copy right
act, patent act, trade marks.
2. Agrochemicals
General introduction and scope of agrochemicals, meaning and
examples of : Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Rodenticides,
Pesticides, Plant growth regulators. Pesticide formulation, slow
release pesticide formulations, storage stability test, and
Industrial entomology. Advantages and disadvantages of
agrochemicals. Structure,: DDT, BHC, Warfarin, Aldrin,
Endosulphan, synthesis and application:DDT, BHC
andEndosulphan. Biopesticides like Neem oil and Karanj oil.
3. Manufacture of Basic Chemicals
a) Ammonia : Physicochemical principles involved,
Manufacture of ammonia by modified Haber-Bosch process,
its uses.
b) Sulphuric Acid : Physicochemical principles involved,
Manufacture of sulphuricacid by contact process, its uses.
c) Nitric Acid : Physicochemical principles involved,
Manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process, its uses.
4. Petrochemicals and Eco-friendly Fuels
a) Introduction, occurrence, composition of petroleum,
resources, processing of petroleum, calorific value of fuel,
 cracking, octane rating (octane number), cetane number,
flash point, and petroleum refineries, applications of
petrochemicals, synthetic petroleum, lubricating oils &
additives.
b) Fuels and eco-friendly fuels: liquid, gaseous fuel (LPG,
CNG), fossil fuels, diesel, bio diesel, gasoline, aviation
fuels. Use of solar energy for power generation.
5. Food and Starch Industry
Food Industry :
a) Definition and scope, nutritive aspects of food constituents,
, food deterioration factors and their control.
b) Preservation and Processing : Heat and cold
preservation and processing, cold storage, food
dehydration and concentration, various foods, their
processing and preservation methods, fruits, beverages,
cereals, grains, legumes and oil seeds.
c) Food Additives : Enhancers, sugar substitutes,
sweeteners, food colors.
Starch Industry :
Chemistry of starch, manufacturing of industrial starch and its
applications, characteristics of some food starches, non-starch
polysaccharides-cellulose-occurrence.
7. Cement and Glass Industry
Cement Industry :
Introduction, importance, composition of portland cement, raw
materials, proportioning of raw materials, setting and hardening
of cement, reinforced concrete.
Glass Industry :
Introduction, importance, physical and chemical properties of
glass, chemical reaction, annealing of glass Special glasses:
colored, safety, hard, borosilicate, optical, photosensitive,
conducting, glass laminates.
 Syllabus
T. Y. B. Sc. Mathematics (Paper - I)
Complex Analysis
Unit
No. Topic
1 Complex Numbers
Sums and products, Basic algebraic properties, Further properties,
Vectors and Moduli, Complex Conjugates, Exponential Form,
Products and powers in exponential form, Arguments of products and
quotients, Roots of complex numbers, Examples, Regions in the
complex plane.
2 Analytic functions
Functions of Complex Variables, Limits, Theorems on limits, Limits
involving the point at infinity, Continuity, Derivatives, Differentiation
formulas, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Sufficient Conditions for
differentiability, Polar coordinates, Analytic functions, Harmonic
functions.
3 Elementary Functions
The Exponential functions, The Logarithmic function, Branches
and derivatives of logarithms, Some identities involving logarithms,
Complex exponents, Trigonometric functions, Hyperbolic functions.
4 Integrals
Derivatives of functions, Definite integrals of functions, Contours,
Contour integral, Examples, Upper bounds for Moduli of contour
integrals, Anti-derivatives, Examples, Cauchy-Groursat’s Theorem
(without proof), Simply and multiply Collected domains. Cauchy
integral formula, Derivatives of analytic functions. Liouville’s Theorem
and Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
5 Series
Convergence of sequences and series, Taylor’s series, Laurent series
(without proof), examples.
6 Residues and Poles
Isolated singular points, Residues, Cauchy residue theorem, residue
at infinity, types of isolated singular points, residues at poles, zeros of
analytic functions, zeros and poles.
 Syllabus
T. Y. B. Sc. Mathematics (Paper - II)
Graph Theory
Unit
No. Topic
1 An Introduction to Graphs
The definition of a Graph, Graphs and Models, More
Definitions, Vertex Degree, Sub graphs, Paths and Cycles, The
Matrix Representation of Graphs, Fusion.

2 Trees and Connectivity

Definition and Simple Properties, Bridges, Spanning Trees,
Connector Problems, Shortest Path Problems, Cut Vertices and
Connectivity.

3 Euler Tours and Hamiltonian Cycles

Euler Tours, The Chinese Postman Problem, Hamiltonian
Graphs, The Travelling Salesman Problem.

4 Directed Graphs
Definitions, In degree and Out degree, Tournament, Traffic
Flow.