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Draw The Lewis Structure and Name The Shape of Each Compound

The document discusses the steps to determine the Lewis structure, shape, polarity, and dipole moment of compounds. It provides the solutions for HClO3, SO3, PCl4, C2H4, and SnCl3- which include their total electrons, electron group geometry, molecular geometry, ideal bond angles, and whether they are polar with a dipole moment. It then explains valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and how it is used to predict molecular geometry based on the number of electron groups and lone pairs. Charts are provided showing electron group geometry, VSEPR notation, and molecular geometry depending on the number of lone pairs.

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Juan Frivaldo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Draw The Lewis Structure and Name The Shape of Each Compound

The document discusses the steps to determine the Lewis structure, shape, polarity, and dipole moment of compounds. It provides the solutions for HClO3, SO3, PCl4, C2H4, and SnCl3- which include their total electrons, electron group geometry, molecular geometry, ideal bond angles, and whether they are polar with a dipole moment. It then explains valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and how it is used to predict molecular geometry based on the number of electron groups and lone pairs. Charts are provided showing electron group geometry, VSEPR notation, and molecular geometry depending on the number of lone pairs.

Uploaded by

Juan Frivaldo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Draw the Lewis Structure and name the shape of each compound.

Also determine the


polarity and whether or not it has a dipole moment.
1. HClO3
2. SO3
3. PCl4
4. C2H4
5. SnCl3-

Solutions
Part I
1.

 Total # of electrons: 1+(3x6)+7=26


 electron group geometry: tetrahedral
 molecular: trigonal pyramidal
 ideal angle: 109.5°
 polar, has a dipole moment
2.

 Total # of electrons: (3x6)+6=24


 electronic group geometry: trigonal planar
 molecular geometry: trigonal planar
 ideal angle: 120°
 polar, has a dipole moment
3.
 Total # of electrons: (4x4)+5=19
 electronic group geometry: trigonal-bi-pyramidal
 molecular geometry: seesaw
 ideal angle: 90°, 120°
 polar, has a dipole moment
4.

 Total # of electrons: (1x4)+(4x2)=12


 electronic group geometry: trigonal planar
 molecular geometry: trigonal planar
 ideal angle: 120°
 non-polar, does not have a dipole moment
5.

 Total # of electrons: (7x3)+4=26


 electronic group geometry: tetrahedral
 molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal
 ideal angle: 109.5°
 polar, has a dipole moment.
Molecular geometry, also known as the molecular structure, is the three-dimensional structure
or arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Understanding the molecular structure of a compound
can help determine the polarity, reactivity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, as well as the
biological activity.

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory


Now that we have a background in the Lewis electron dot structure we can use it to
locate the the valence electrons of the center atom. The valence-shell electron-pair
repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs repel each other whether or not
they are in bond pairs or in lone pairs. Thus, electron pairs will spread themselves as far
from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. VSEPR focuses not only on electron
pairs, but it also focus on electron groups as a whole. An electron group can be an
electron pair, a lone pair, a single unpaired electron, a double bond or a triple bond on
the center atom. Using the VSEPR theory, the electron bond pairs and lone pairs on the
center atom will help us predict the shape of a molecule.
The shape of a molecule is determined by the location of the nuclei and its electrons.
The electrons and the nuclei settle into positions that minimize repulsion and maximize
attraction. Thus, the molecule's shape reflects its equilibrium state in which it has the
lowest possible energy in the system. Although VSEPR theory predicts the distribution
of the electrons, we have to take in consideration of the actual determinant of the
molecular shape. We separate this into two categories, the electron-group
geometry and the molecular geometry.
Electron-group geometry is determined by the number of electron groups.

er of electron groups Name of electron group geomet

2 linear

3 trigonal-planar

4 tetrahedral

5 trigonal-bipyramidal

6 octahedral

Molecular geometry, on the other hand, depends on not only on the number of electron
groups, but also on the number of lone pairs. When the electron groups are all bond
pairs, they are named exactly like the electron-group geometry. See the chart below for
more information on how they are named depending on the number of lone pairs the
molecule has.

VSEPR Notation
As stated above, molecular geometry and electron-group geometry are the same when
there are no lone pairs. The VSEPR notation for these molecules are AX n. "A" represents
the central atom and n represents the number of bonds with the central atom. When
lone pairs are present, the letter E x is added. The x represents the number of lone pairs
present in the molecule. For example, a molecule with two bond pairs and two lone
pairs would have this notation: AX2E2.

Geometry of Molecules Chart

Electron-Group Number of Lone VSEPR Notation Molecular Geometry


Geometry Pairs

linear 1 AX2

trigonal-planar 0 AX3

1 AX2E
Geometry of Molecules Chart

Electron-Group Number of Lone VSEPR Notation Molecular Geometry


Geometry Pairs

tetrahedral 0 AX4

Tetrahedral

1 AX3E

2 AX2E2
Geometry of Molecules Chart

Electron-Group Number of Lone VSEPR Notation Molecular Geometry


Geometry Pairs

igonal-bipyramidal 0 AX5

1 AX4Eb

2 AX3E2
Geometry of Molecules Chart

Electron-Group Number of Lone VSEPR Notation Molecular Geometry


Geometry Pairs

3 AX2E3

octahedral 0 AX6

octahedral

1 AX5E
Geometry of Molecules Chart

Electron-Group Number of Lone VSEPR Notation Molecular Geometry


Geometry Pairs

2 AX4E2

Example 11:
Lets try determining the geometric structures of H 2O and CO2. So starting off by drawing
the Lewis structure:

H2O:
Water has four electron groups so it falls under tetrahedral for the electron-group
geometry. The four electron groups are the 2 single bonds to Hydrogen and the 2 lone
pairs of Oxygen. Since water has two lone pairs it's molecular shape is bent. According
to the VSEPR theory, the electrons want to minimize repulsion, so as a result, the lone
pairs are adjacent from each other.
CO2:
Carbon dioxide has two electron groups and no lone pairs. Carbon dioxide is therefore
linear in electron-group geometry and in molecular geometry. The shape of CO 2 is linear
because there are no lone pairs affecting the orientation of the molecule. Therefore, the
linear orientation minimizes the repulsion forces.

Steps Used to Find the Shape of the Molecule


To sum up there are four simple steps to apply the VSEPR theory.
1. Draw the Lewis Structure.
2. Count the number of electron groups and identify them as bond pairs of electron
groups or lone pairs of electrons. Remember electron groups include not only
bonds, but also lone pairs!
3. Name the electron-group geometry. (State whether it is linear, trigonal-planar,
tetrahedral, trigonal-bipyramidal, or octahedral.)
4. Looking at the positions of other atomic nuclei around the central determine the
molecular geometry. (See how many lone pairs there are.)

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