Atmiya institute of technology and science for

diploma studies-Rajkot

Project Report on:

SCR CONTROLLED EMERGENCY LIGHT

Guided By: Prepared By:

Mr.Ketan Pandya Parmar Mahesh (116030309068)

Dodiya Narsinh (116030309058 )

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ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE FOR
DIPLOMA STUDIES -RAJKOT
Electrical Engineering Department

Certificate
THIS IS TO CERTIFICATE THAT, Mr.Parmar Mahesh
(116030309068), DodiyaNarsinh(116030309058)STUDENT OF THE 5th
ELECTRICAL HAVE SATISFACTORILY COMPLETED THEIR
PROJECT.

A Project Report On:

“SCR CONTROLLED EMERGECY LIGHT”

Date of submission:

Staff in charge: HOD:

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 PREFACE
We know the general rule of world that “Reading makes man
ready, Writing makes man every day, but practice makes man
perfect”. Only theoretical knowledge is not enough for an E.E.
student. Project is one of the subjects in that we have to develop an
electronic project. In which we have to not only theoretically analyse
the system but have to design a system, after that we have to
implement and test the system. From this project we can get
opportunity for real implementation of theory concept of “SCR
CONTROLLED EMERGENCY LIGHT” in the practical filed. In this
subject student get experience of a SCR switching and circuit
connection etc.
This documentation contains the report about “SCR
CONTROLLED EMERGENCY LIGHT”. From this documentation
we can understand how the electronics concept can be implemented to
real problem.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“The project was taxing, there were numerous challengers. I had lot
learn and at the end of it the experience is unforgettable. However, I
owe it all to those who guided me throughout project”.
I would specially like to thank “Ketan pandya sir “help during the
project. I also avail this opportunity to express my hearties to all my
professor and lecturers of E.E. department, for providing me
inspiration all throughout the project. Unqualified thanks are also to
“GTU”. For providing this subject to student, which is usually too
much great for knowing about “Advance Technology”& implement
it.
Last but not the least I would like to express my deepest sense of
gratitude to family members who have always guided me towards the
path of success and my friends who were there to lend helping hand
need and helped me indirectly through the entire project.

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 INDEX

1.ABSTRACT .................................................................1
2.INTRODUCTION.........................................................2
3.COMPONENT LIST.....................................................3
4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM...................................................4
5.COMPONENTS WORKING .......................................5
6.THEORY.......................................................................12
7.ADVANTAGES............................................................13
8.LIMITATION................................................................13
9.APPLICATION.............................................................14
10. PROCEDUR................................................................15
11. OBSERVATION.........................................................15
12. PRECAUTIONS..........................................................16
13. CONCLUSION............................................................17
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................17

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 ABSTRACT

Emergency light is an illumination device specially designed to

work in the event of power failure. It normally works on low
voltage d.c. the lamp should glow only when a.c. power is not
available. A single –phase steps down transformer of proper
rating is used to step down the single-phase a.c. voltage to the
required rating and the n the voltage is rectified to d.c. which is
used for charging the d.c. source. This d.c. source is battery is a
used in the circuit for supplying power to the lamp in case of
failure of a.c. power.

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 INTRODUCTION

The emergency light circuit is so designed that in presence of a.c.

power, the SCR remains in the OFF state, the lamp is not
connected in the circuit. During this period the battery gets
charged by receiving d.c. through a rectifier circuit. Instead of
one diode, in this circuit, three diodes have been purposely used
in parallel for increasing the current rating for the purpose of
charging. At the time of failure of a.c. power the SCR connected
in the circuit gets gate staggeredand start conducting instantly. As
the SCR start conducting, it connects the lamp in the battery
circuit. The lamps gets supply from the battery and start glowing
immediately. The instantaneous triggering of the SCR is assured
by properly designing the ciruit. This circuit has been designed
for a 6V lamp. The working of the circuit is as follows.

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 COMPONENTS LIST
Reno. Name of the component Range/Rating Quantity
1 SCR 4 A,600V(TYN One
604 or any other
equivalent)
2 Diodes 1.2 A,220V (BY Four
127or any other
equivalent)
3. Capacitor 12V,250µF One
4. Resistor 1) 5Ω ,10W One
2) 22 Ω,2W One
3) 440 Ω,1/2W One
4) 1 Ω,1W Three
5. Step-down transformer 220/6V,2A One

6. High intensity fog lamp 6V One

7. D.C. source 6V One

(battery)
8. CRO 0-10MHz One

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig: Circuit diagram for SCR controlled emergency light

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 COMPONENTS WORKING

1. SCR
2. DIODES
3. CAPACITOR
4. TRANSFORMER
5. BATTERY
6. RESISTORS

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1. SCR

Fig:SCR

SCR are mainly used in devices where the control of high power,
possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation
makes them suitable for use in medium to high-voltage AC power
control applications, such as lamp dimming, regulators and motor
control.

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2.DIODES

Fig: Diodes
In electronics, diodes are a two terminal electronic component with
asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current
flow in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the
other. Diodes were the first semiconductor electronic device.

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3.CAPACITOR

Fig: Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting f\of a pair of
conductor separated by a dielectric. When a voltage potential
difference exists between the conductors, an electric field is present in
the dielectric .this field stores energy and produces a mechanical force
between the plates. The effect is greatest between wide, flat,parallel,
narrowly separated conductors.

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4. TRANSFORMER

Fig: Transformer

1) Transformer: Transformeris a static device which increase and

Decrease the voltage level.
2) Here input is given to primary winding and output is taken
from secondary winding.
3) Here Transformer is used of 12-0-12 (2A) is to used for step
down voltage 220 V to 6 V antedlimit the current up to 2A.

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5. BATTERY

Fig: Battery
1) Here battery is used of rating 6V
2) This Battery which is used in this system is rechargeable
battery so when main supply is ON this battery will charge and
when supply gets OFF this battery will automatically connect
to the system.

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6. Resistor

Fig: Resistor

1) A resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component

that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
2) The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the
voltage across the resistor’s terminals. This relationship is
relationship is represented by Ohm’s law V=I*R

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 THEORY
The circuit diagram is shown in the presence of a.c. voltage is
stepped down to 6 V and rectified by the three diodes (BY-127)
used in parallel. The idea using three diodes is to the current
rating required for charging the 6 V batteries. This D.C. through
the 5 Ω, 10 W limiting resistor will start charging the 6 V battery
connected in the circuit. The current will flow through the
secondary winding of the transformer. In this condition the
250µF capacitor will charged with its upper plat being positive
and the lower plate being negative. The negative polarity of the
lower plate will make the gate of SCR negative which will put
the device in its non-conducting mode. The battery will be
continuously charged a long as the arc. power is available. The
moment a.c. fails the SCR comes on conducting mode (be-cause
the capacitor start discharging through the diode, 5 Ω resistor and
440 Ω its conduction mode ) and is triggered by getting the
required amount of gate current from the battery . As the SCR
start conducting, it connects the lamp in the circuit with battery.
Thus, the lamp starts glowing instantaneously by drawing current
from the battery. The moment a.c. power appears the negative
polarity is again obtained at the gate of the SCR which
commutates it immediately. The lamp is also switched OFF and
the battery starts getting changed again. The duration for which
the lamp can glow without a.c. power depends on the ampere-
hour rating of the battery.

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 ADVANTAGES

1) Circuit is simple as all components are easily available in

market.
2) Cost is less
3) Can be implemented anywhere.

LIMITATION

1) Only 6V load can be used.

2) The charging of battery is continuous which reduce the life
of Battery.

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 APPLICATION
1) It can be used to drive 6 volt lamp, D.C. motor etc.
2) It circuit is modified to 12V or 24V other electronic equipment
can bedriven in case of emergency.
3)It can be implemented to domestic application and certain
Publicplaces like hospital, bus station etc.

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 PROCEDURE
1. Make connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the a.c. supply and observe whether the lamp glows
Or not.
3. Switch OFF the a.c. supply and observe wither lamps glow or
Or not.
4. Observe the wave patterns across the SCR terminals with the
help of CRO.

OBSERVATION

1. Glow of the lamp when a.c. power is switched ON

a. Yes
2. Glow of the lamp when a.c. power is switched OFF
a. Yes

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 PRECAUTIONS
1. Value of the limiting resistor used for charging the battery
should be chosen correctly.
2. Value of the resistance used for gate triggering of the device
should be chosen exactly as per the design requirement.
3. All the components should be checked before connecting
them in the circuit.

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 CONCLUSION
1. Study the control of an emergency light control
using SCR/.
2. Design a 6V emergency light circuit by incorporating
the required modification in the circuits desired in this
project.

Bibliography:

By using the following sites we have taken concept of

this project and getting some new ideas about this
project and complete our project.

1) www.google.com
2) www.wikipedia.com
3) Indusrtialelecronic& control by chattergy
4) www.electronic project.com
5) www.alldatasheets.com
6) www.electronicsforu.com
7) Basic Electronics by V.K.Mehta

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