X.

HARMONIC FEQUENCY SCAN

Harmonic Frequency Scan ( HFS) performs a sequence of phasor solutions for Tyep 14 voltage and/or current
sources of various frequencies, amplitudes and angles specified by the user. HFS is the ATP option for harmonic
analysis in electrical networks.

Data for HFS runs can be devided into 6 classes

1 - Special Request entries and Miscellaneous Constants

2 - $PARAMETER entries
3 - BRANCH data including requests for frequency dependent elements
4– Special output request
5 - Source specifications
6- Specification of frequency dependence of elements

X.1 Special Requests

Class 1 data includes as a minimum the two Special Request entries of

BEGIN NEW DATA CASE and HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN as shown below

1 2 3 4 5
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
BEGI N NEW DATA CAS E
HARMON I C FREQUENCY S CAN

The user can enter optional Special Requests such as listed in Section 2A of the Rule Book. Typical entries may
be POWER FREQUENCY or PRINTED NUMBER WIDTH etc. The user has to verify that such Special
Request entries do not conflict with the process of the HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN..

An optional but important Special Request with harmonic frequency scan is the use of the Pocket Calculator for
varying the value of an element (R-L-C) as a function of frequency (harmonic order). This option is introduced by
the Special Request POCKET CALCULATOR VARIES PARAMETERS (PCVP) in conjunction with the
$PARAMETER request as explained below.

1 2 3 4 5
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
C I6 I6
POCKET CALCULATOR VAR I E S PARAMETERS MAXKNT I OPCVP

In the general purpose use of PCVP (see Section ??) the value of MAXKNT sets the number of passes the user
wants to make with varying parameters. For such study MAXKNT is an arbitrary number demanded by the
user. For HFS studies MAXKNT should be set to zero in column 48, as MAXKNT is internally set to the
number of different frequency sources specified by the user.

IOPCVP = 0 generates a .LIS file with a full output for each pass which may be required for some general
purpose applications with PCVP, but it is wasteful for HFS. With IOPCVP = 1, the .LIS file contains the
tabulation of output variables for each frequency specified and the new parameter values for each frequency as
changed by the KNT dependent formulas in $PARAMETER.
.

The above Special requests are followed by two MISELLANEOUS DATA These are the same Miscellaneous
Data described in Section 2B of the Rule book, but are repeated here to indicate that recommended entries for an
HFS run.
 First Miscellaneous Data record

1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
C E 8. 0 E 8. 0 E 8. 0 E 8. 0 E 8. 0 E 8. 0
DELTAT T MA X XO P T CO P T

The value of DELTAT and TMAX has no meaning for HFS, but cannot be left blank. Enter 1.0 for both
constants. XOPT and COPT have the same meaning as described in Section II-8.

Second Miscellaneous Data record

1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
C I8 I8 I8 I8 I8 I8
I OU T I P LOT K S S OU T

5 6
9012345678901234
I 8 I 8
I CAT

Enter “1” for both IOUT and IPLOT to have outputs in the .LIS file for each frequency specified. KSSOUT
=1 will generate a detailed phasor output for each frequency, resulting in a large volume of output, which for the
usual HFS is not warranted. KSSOUT = 0 is the recommended usage. If plotting of results is required enter
ICAT = 1, which will be the general case for HFS runs.

X.2 $PARAMETER Specification

Class 2 data is required if the PCVP option is used for user defined frequency dependence of R-L-C elements.
Rules for using the PCVP in conjunction with $PARAMETER is described in detail in Section ?? of the Rule
Book. The HFS use is shown here on a simple example. In HFS applications, the ATP constant KNT which in
the general case is the sequence counter of the sequence number of passes in a systematic or statistical run, is
internally made equal to the harmonic order h = frequency/power frequency. The frequency dependence of an
element has to be defined by the user as a function of KNT being the same as the function of frequency.

Let BUSHFS be the name of a node to which a frequency dependent impedance RHFS + j XFHS ius connected.
With the harmonic order h equal to KNT , let

RHFS = 0.35 * KNT **2 and

XHFS = 1.21 * (1.0 + KNT**0.4)

To enter these elements the user will have entered the PCVP request among the Class 1 data as outlined above.
Following the Miscellaneous data the following shows the data entry for $PARAMETER.

1 2 3 4
12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
$ PA RAME T ER
RHF S _ _ = 0 . 3 * KNT * * 2 . 0
XHF S _ _ = 1 . 2 1 * ( 1 . 0 + KNT * * 0 . 4 )
BLA NK c a r d e n D s $ P ARAME T ER d e f i n i t i o n s
 In the BRANCH data the above frequency dependent elements are entered as follows

1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
BU S HF S RHF S _ _ XHF S _ _

Note the use of under scores to form six character names compulsory in transferring data from the $PARAMETER
section to BRANCH data.

The $PARAMETER section uses free format Fortran statements with floating point numbers. Integers are not
allowed. The user should carefully study the Rule Book section on PCVP application.

X.3 Frequency Dependent Elements

Class 3 HFS data is the same as the regular data for time domain runs. As HFS is a sequence of phasor
solutions, nonlinearities cannot be represented. Nonlinear elements will be treated the same way as they are
treated in the phasor solution of a time domain run.

X.3.1 - Frequency Dependent R-L-C Elements

Linear frequency dependence of an R – L - C element can be modeled as described in Section X.6. User
defined non-linear frequency dependence of an R – L C element has to modeled using the PCVP option. An
example is shown in Section X.7 - Simulation Samples

X.3.2 The CIGRE Load Model

A frequency dependent distribution system load model was developed for HFS, but it is usable for FS and time
domain simulations. After the originators of the model, it is called the CIGRE model, and characterized by
three constants A, B, and C. The user enters the load MW, MVAR and kV and the three constants, ATP
calculates the load impedance for the harmonic orders. The C.I.G.R.E. recommended constants are A= 0.073, B=
6.7 and C=0.74. The model is valid for harmonic orders of 5 and higher and may yield incorrect reactive
absorption at the fundamental frequency. This is usually not a problem, but the user should be aware of it and
compensate for it if required. The changing of the recommended constants will change the overall frequency
dependence of the model, and should be carefully analyzed by the user. For details of the model see C.I.G.R.E.
Publication Electra Vol. 71, 1981.

The format for entering a single phase CIGRE load at a bus BUSL:

1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
C E1 6 . 2
< LOAD> C I GRE A , B , C A
C A6 A6 E1 6 . 0
BUS L < LOAD > VOL T

Continued
5 6 7 8
34567890123456789012345678901234567890
E1 6 . 0 E1 6 . 2
B C
E1 6 . 0 E1 6 . 0
P LOAD QLOAD
 The constants A, B, C are defaulted to 0.073, 6.7 and 0.74 respectively, or entered by the user.

1. V LOAD is r.m.s. voltage across the load

2. PLOAD is the active power absorbed by the load
3. QLOAD is the reactive power absorbed by the load

VLOAD, PLOAD and QLOAD has to be specified in units consistent with the source specifications. E.g. if the
source voltages are in volts, VLOAD is in volts, PLOAD is Watts and QLOAD is in VARs

For three phase loads the data input can be simplified as follows Let the three phase load be connected to nodes
BUSLA, BUSLB, BUSLC

1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
C E1 6 . 2
< LOAD> C I GRE A , B , C A
C A6 A6 A6 E1 6 . 2
B U S LA < LOAD 3 B U S LB BU S LC VOL T

Continued
5 6 7 8
34567890123456789012345678901234567890
E1 6 . 2 E1 6 . 2
B C
E1 6 . 0 E1 6 . 0
P LOAD QLOAD

VOLT, PLOAD AND QLOAD are single phase quantities

X.3.3 - Induction Motor HFS Model

There is no built-in induction HFS induction motor model at the present time. In most cases it will be sufficient to
use the locked rotor power frequency locked rotor impedance of the motor. Should a more sophisticated model
be required, the PCVP option may be used to for generating the frequency dependent characteristic of the rotor
An example in Section X.7 – Simulation Samples

X.3.4 - Synchronous Machine HFS Model

There is special synchronous machine HFS model. It is generally recommended to use the negative sequence
impedance

X.4 Output Requests

The old restriction of only node voltage outputs with FREQUENCY SCAN has been removed. Both node and
branch voltage currents can be output the usual way with column 80 entries of 1, 2, or 3, which is available for
both FS and HFS. In the old FS output node voltages were recorded with their magnitudes, angles, and real and
imaginary components. This has been changed to only magnitudes being monitored as the default option. For
 HFS, the user can request the additional output of the angle of the variable by inserting a POLAR OUTPUT
VARIABLES request after the end of SWITCH data as follows:

1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
B LANK e n d i n g S WI TCH e s
P OLAR OUT P UT VAR I AB L E S
C f o l l o w e d b y S OURCE d a t a
1 4 BUS A etc .

X.5 Sources

Only Type 14 sources are available in HFS due to the fact that HFS is a sequence of phasor solutions. Sorce
frequencies can be given in Hertz Hz or in the harmonic order h. The two type of source frequency specification
cannot be mixed. There has to be at least one source with the power frequency equal to the default power
frequency or the power frequency as modified at the top of the data file. If sources are specified in terms of the
harmonic order h, there has to be at least one source with h = 1. ATP calculates internally the frequency in Hz
corresponding to h.. Sources can be entered in any order, they are sorted internally. The general format for
entering sources is:

1 2 3 4
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890
I2 A6 I2 E1 0 . 6 E1 0 . 6 E10 . 6
1 4 NAME J AML I TUDE F REQ o r h ANGL E

NAME the name of the source bus

J blank for a voltage source and –1 for a current source
AMPLITUDE the peak voltage or current magnitude
FREQ the source frequency in Hz
h the harmonic order in per unit
ANGLE the source voltage or current angle in degrees
Columns 41 to 80 must be blank

X.6 Elements with Linear Frequency Dependence

An R –L - C element with linear frequency dependence can be specified by entering the value at a specified
higher frequency. ATP will make a linear interpolation at any given frequency ( harmonic order). The records
to enter this specification follow the last source specification as shown in the following format.

1 2 3 4
1 23 456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
1 4B US A -1 1000 . 0 5 .0 120 .
C l a s t s ou r ce
C E1 0 . 1
NEX T F REQUENCY F OR S ER I E S RLC F REQ
C A6 A6 E6 . 2 E6 . 2 E6 . 2
B US A1 BU S A 2 R L C
B US B 1 BU S B 2 R L C
C r ep ea t f o r New f r e qu e n c y a nd b r a n c h e s
BLA NK e n d i n g f R e q u e n c y d e p e n d e n c e
FREQ is the elevated frequency at which the new value of the element is specified
NAME1 NAME2 is the name of the brunch to which an R – L - C element is connected
R, L, C are the elements in branch NAME1 to NAME2

There can be several sets of frequency dependence specification of R - L - C elements

X.7 - HFS Examples

Example #1

Linear frequency dependence of R L and CIGRE load model

BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
POWER FREQUENCY, 50.0
HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN
C DELTAT TMAX XOPT
1 1 50.
C IOUT IPLOT ICAT
1 1 1
C 1o km cable
-1SRCA LOADA 1.280 0.152 0.408 10.0
-2SRCB LOADB 0.164 .0987 0.408 10.0
-3SRCC LOADC
C frequency dependent impedance
C R X = 0.3 +j0.6 at 500 Hz
LOADA LODA 0.1 0.3 1
LOADB LODB 0.1 0.3
LOADC LODC 0.1 0.3
C frequency dependent CIGRE type load kV, 4.8 MW, 2.4 MVAR
<LOAD> CIGRE A,B,C 0.073 2.0 0.74
LODA <LOAD3LODB LODC 5780.0 1600000. 80000. 1
C branch to the converter
LOADA CONVA 0.1 1
LOADB CONVB 0.1
LOADC CONVC 0.1
BLANK end of BRANCH data
BLANK end of SWITCH data
POLAR OUTPUT VARIABLES
C amplitude Hz or h angle
C 10 kV 50 Hz voltage source
14SRCA 8150.00 1. 0.
14SRCB 8150.00 1. 240.
14SRCC 8150.00 1. 120.
C assume 3% negative sequence voltage at source
14SRCA 245.00 2. 10.
14SRCB 245.00 2. 130.
14SRCC 245.00 2. 250.
C harmonic sources at converter
14CONVA -1 60.0 1.0 10.0
14CONVB -1 60.0 1.0 250.0
14CONVC -1 60.0 1.0 130.0
C 5th
14CONVA -1 12.0 5.0 10.00
14CONVB -1 12.0 5.0 130.00
14CONVC -1 12.0 5.0 250.00
C 7th
14CONVA -1 8.0 7.0 10.00
14CONVB -1 8.0 7.0 250.00
14CONVC -1 8.0 7.0 130.00
C 11th
14CONVA -1 5.0 11.0 10.00
14CONVB -1 5.0 11.0 130.00
14CONVC -1 5.0 11.0 250.00
BLANK ending SOURCES
NEXT FREQUENCY FOR SERIES RLC 500. { Elevated frequency for interpolation
LOADA LODA 0.3 0.6
LOADB LODB 0.3 0.6
LOADC LODC 0.3 0.6
BLANK card ending F-dependent series R-L-C branches
LOADA LOADB LOADC
BLANK end of OUTPUT data
BLANK end of PLOT data
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
BLANK
•
Example #2
Demonstrates the use of the PCVP
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
˝
C this data file demonstrates the simple HFS modeling of an induction
˝
C motor with only one rotor circuit. The model is created by the
˝
C POCKET CALCULATOR VARIES PARAMETERS option
˝
POWER FREQUENCY, 50.0
HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN
POCKET CALCULATOR VARIES PARAMETERS 0 1 { Loop five times
C DELTAT TMAX XOPT
0.001 -1.0 50.
1 1 1
$PARAMETER
C demonstrates the uses of a frequency dependence induction motor
C locked rotor impedance. Only the R component is frequency dependent
C Motor : 3ph, 0.38 kV, 550 kVA, slip = 0.8%, locked rotor reactance = 27%
C rrotor = slip * V(kV)**2 / MVA
C rrmot = 0.008 * (0.38**2 / .5 5) = 0.0021 ohm/ph
C the locked rotor inductance assuming xd' = 27%
C Xlmot = 0.27 * (0.38**2 / .5 5) = 0.00709 ohm/ph
C note the underscores making up the 6 char. names, only for those variables
C which are passed to the network data
C the constant KNT is made equal to h in ATP
C $$ signifies an intermediate variable
XLMOT_= 0.27 * 0.38**2/0.55
SLIP = 0.008 $$
RMOTS = 0.008 * 0.38**2/0.55 $$
C the following expression is MOD(h,3)
HMOD = ( KNT - 3.0 * TRUNC (KNT/3.0)) $$
C test for the sequence number
Z = (-1.0) ** HMOD $$
HS1 = (KNT + Z) $$
C HS is the "harmonic slip"
HS = (HS1 + SLIP)/KNT $$
RMOT__= RMOTS/HS
BLANK card ends $PARAMETER definitions
C Source bus 10.0 kV 95 MVA
51SRCA BSA .30000 3.1000
52SRCB BSB .01100 1.0528
53SRCC BSC
C BSA to BSMA is a measuring switch
C 10.0 kV cable equivalent to plant bus 2.0 km
-1BSMA TR10A 0.38 0.410 0.30 2.0
-2BSMB TR10B 0.38 0.410 0.30 2.0
-3BSMC TR10C
C
C Transformer 1000 kVA
C x = 6.5% x = 10**2/1.00 = 100.0 ohm * 0.065 = 6.50 ohm
C imag = 1.5 A , r = 0.5 ohm/ph
C
TRANSFORMER 3.0 40.0 AX
9999
1TR10A TR10B .800 19.00 10.0
2LS3A GRS .001 .0001 .220
TRANSFORMER AX AY
1TR10B TR10C
2LS3B GRS
TRANSFORMER AX AZ
1TR10C TR10A
2LS3C GRS
GRS 1.0
C line to converter
LS3A CONVA 0.001 0.020
LS3B CONVB 0.001 0.020
LS3C CONVC 0.001 0.020
C ******************************
C Induction motor 500 kW
C ******************************
C induction motor, 500 kW, 380 V, modeled by locked rotor reactance
C ------______------______------______------______
LS3A MOTA RMOT__XLMOT_ 1
LS3B MOTB RMOT__XLMOT_
LS3C MOTC RMOT__XLMOT_
MOTA MOTSA .00001 { source separation
MOTB MOTSB .00001
MOTC MOTSC .00001
C
BLANK end of BRANCH data ------------------------------------------------------|
C SWITCHES
C measure current in 10 kV feeder
BSA BSMA -1.0 10.0 1
BSB BSMB -1.0 10.0
BSC BSMC -1.0 10.0
C
BLANK end of SWITCH data ------------------------------------------------------|
POLAR OUTPUT VARIABLES
C power frequency voltage source 10 kV 3 ph
14SRCA 8150.00 1. 0.
14SRCB 8150.00 1. 240.
14SRCC 8150.00 1. 120.
C
C Voltage source for the induction motor
14MOTSA 307.50 1. -85.
14MOTSB 307.50 1. 155.
14MOTSC 307.50 1. 35.
C
C current injection at converter bus CONVA,B,C
C 500 kVA fundamental 933 A r.m.s. 1315 A peak
14CONVA -1 1315.0 1.0 -170.00
14CONVB -1 1315.0 1.0 70.00
14CONVC -1 1315.0 1.0 -50.00
C harmonic sources
14CONVA -1 1.000 3.0 -170.00
14CONVB -1 1.000 3.0 70.00
14CONVC -1 1.000 3.0 -50.00
C
14CONVA -1 1.000 4.0 -170.00
14CONVB -1 1.000 4.0 70.00
14CONVC -1 1.000 4.0 -50.00
C
14CONVA -1 150.00 5.0 -310.00
14CONVB -1 150.00 5.0 -190.00
14CONVC -1 150.00 5.0 -70.00
C
14CONVA -1 108.00 7.0 -110.00
14CONVB -1 108.00 7.0 -230.00
14CONVC -1 108.00 7.0 -350.00
C
14CONVA -1 70.00 11.0 -250.00
14CONVB -1 70.00 11.0 -130.00
14CONVC -1 70.00 11.0 -10.00
C
BLANK card ending all source cards
BLANK ening frequency dependent cards
TC10A TC10B TC10C
LS3A LS3B LS3C
BSA BSB BSC
BLANK ending OUTPUT requests.
BLANK ends plot cards
BLANK
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
BLANK
•