Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
135 views

Fundamentals of Java Programming

The document discusses the fundamentals of Java programming, including how computers and programs work, writing and executing Java programs, elements of a Java program like classes and objects, and features of Java like platform independence and object-oriented programming. It also covers accessing class members, memory usage in Java programs, and when errors may occur.

Uploaded by

Gopinath Gora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
135 views

Fundamentals of Java Programming

The document discusses the fundamentals of Java programming, including how computers and programs work, writing and executing Java programs, elements of a Java program like classes and objects, and features of Java like platform independence and object-oriented programming. It also covers accessing class members, memory usage in Java programs, and when errors may occur.

Uploaded by

Gopinath Gora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Chapter 1

Fundamentals of Java
Programming
 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
 Understand how computers and computer
programs work.
 Understand how a Java program is written,
compiled, and executed.
 Understand what makes Java platform
independent.
 Identify the object-oriented features of Java.
 Identify different elements of a Java program:
primitive variable, reference variable, local
variable, instance variable, method, and
class.
 Identifywhere in memory the method
invocations, objects, and variables are
stored.
 Understand how access modifiers define
the accessibility of classes and class
members.
 Understand the concepts of early binding
and late binding in the context of program
errors.
 How a Computer Works
 How a Computer Program Works
 From a computer program’s perspective, a
computer consists of components to do the
following:
• Receive data from a user
• Process the data according to instructions from a
program or a user
• Place the results somewhere
 Places to Store Data:
• Permanent storage: hard drive
• Temporary storage: RAM

 I/ODevices: monitor, keyboard, disk, and


printer

 CPU: The Brain of the Computer


 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
A compiler translates a program in C/C++
to a binary format called executable code

 The
executable code is machine
dependent

 Javaprograms are machine


independent, thanks to Java virtual
machine (JVM).
 Writing a Java Program

 Compiling a Java Program

 Executing a Java Program


 Source code: a set of instructions in text
format written according to the rules of the
Java programming language.

 Sourcefile: contains these instructions,


and has the file extension .java
 Machine language: a binary format

 In
Java, the compiler compiles the source
code into bytecode

 Tocreate the bytecode files (.class) from


the source file RobotManager.java:

javac RobotManager.java
 Executing
a Java program by issuing the
java command:

java RobotManager Ginny 420

 The JVM reads the bytecode file and


translates the instructions to the
executable format that your computer can
understand
 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
 Classes and Objects
 Methods
 Variables and Data Types
 Execution Flow of a Program
A class is a template (or a blueprint) from
which objects are created
 Writing a class is called implementing a
class: declaration & body
 An object is instantiated from a class, and
also called the instance of that class
 Each object has a state, a set of
characteristics, and a behavior
represented by methods
 The state of an object is represented by a
set of data items that are handled by using
variables
 The variable’s type determines what kind
of values it can hold
 The declaration of a variable:
<type> <name>;
 An object reference variable refer to an
object:
Robot robot;
 Expressions: combination of variables,
operators, literals, and method calls
 Statements: a complete execution unit of
a program; contain one or more
expressions
 Blocks: a group of zero or more
statements between an opening brace and
a closing brace
 Execution Flow Control: skip, execute, or
repeatedly execute a block of statements
 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
 Platform Independence

 Object-Oriented Programming
 “write once, run anywhere.”

 The Java compiler compiles the source


code into bytecode, which can be
interpreted by a suitable JVM on any
platform

 TheJVM can prevent the code from


generating side effects outside the system.
 Encapsulation: combining an object’s
data with its methods
 Inheritance:
• Code reusability
• Code maintenance
• Implementing OOP
 Polymorphism: allows an object of a
superclass to refer to an object of any
subclass.
 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
 Class members: variables, methods, and
nested classes.
 Access modifiers: control the access to
the class members
•public
•protected
• default
•private
 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
 Computers and Computer Programming
 Writing and Executing a Java Program
 Elements of a Java Program
 Features of Java
 Accessing the Classes and Class
Members
 The Memory Usage by a Java Program
 When Will the Error Occur?
 Compilation fails

 An exception is thrown at runtime

You might also like