Import Random Import Sys Import Os

Introduction to Python
1. # import is used to make specialty functions available

# These are called modules
import random
import sys
import os
2. # Hello world is just one line of code

# print() outputs data to the screen
print("Hello World")
3. '''
This is a multi-line comment
'''
4. # A variable is a place to store values

# Its name is like a label for that value
name = "Derek"
print(name)
5. # A variable name can contain letters, numbers, or _

# but can't start with a number
6. # There are 5 data types Numbers, Strings, List, Tuple,
Dictionary
name = 15
print(name)
7. # The arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, %, **, //

# ** Exponential calculation
# // Floor Division
print("5 + 2 =", 5+2)

print("5 - 2 =", 5-2)
print("5 * 2 =", 5*2)
print("5 / 2 =", 5/2)
print("5 % 2 =", 5%2)
print("5 ** 2 =", 5**2)
print("5 // 2 =", 5//2)
8. # Order of Operation states * and / is performed before + and

-
print("1 + 2 - 3 * 2 =", 1 + 2 - 3 * 2)
print("(1 + 2 - 3) * 2 =", (1 + 2 - 3) * 2)
9. # A string is a string of characters surrounded by " or '

# If you must use a " or ' between the same quote escape it with
\
quote = "\"Always remember your unique,"
10. # A multi-line quote
multi_line_quote = ''' just
like everyone else" '''
print(quote + multi_line_quote)
11. # To embed a string in output use %s

print("%s %s %s" % ('I like the quote', quote, multi_line_quote))
12. # To keep from printing newlines use end=""

print("I don't like ",end="")
print("newlines")
13. # You can print a string multiple times with *

print('\n' * 5)
14. # LISTS -------------
# A list allows you to create a list of values and manipulate them

# Each value has an index with the first one starting at 0
grocery_list = ['Juice', 'Tomatoes', 'Potatoes', 'Bananas']

print('The first item is', grocery_list[1])
# You can change the value stored in a list box
grocery_list[0] = "Green Juice"
print(grocery_list)
# You can get a subset of the list with [min:up to but not including
max]
print(grocery_list[1:3])
# You can put any data type in a list including a list

other_events = ['Wash Car', 'Pick up Kids', 'Cash Check']
to_do_list = [other_events, grocery_list]
print(to_do_list)
# Get the second item in the second list (Boxes inside of boxes)
print(to_do_list[1][1])
# You add values using append

grocery_list.append('onions')
print(to_do_list)
# Insert item at given index

grocery_list.insert(1, "Pickle")
# Remove item from list
grocery_list.remove("Pickle")
# Sorts items in list

grocery_list.sort()
# Reverse sort items in list

grocery_list.reverse()
# del deletes an item at specified index

del grocery_list[4]
print(to_do_list)
# We can combine lists with a +

to_do_list = other_events + grocery_list
print(to_do_list)
# Get length of list

print(len(to_do_list))
# Get the max item in list

print(max(to_do_list))
# Get the minimum item in list

print(min(to_do_list))
15. # TUPLES -------------
# Values in a tuple can't change like lists
pi_tuple = (3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9)
# Convert tuple into a list

new_tuple = list(pi_tuple)
# Convert a list into a tuple

# new_list = tuple(grocery_list)
# tuples also have len(tuple), min(tuple) and max(tuple)
16. # DICTIONARY or MAP -------------

# Made up of values with a unique key for each value
# Similar to lists, but you can't join dicts with a +
super_villains = {'Fiddler' : 'Isaac Bowin',

'Captain Cold' : 'Leonard Snart',
'Weather Wizard' : 'Mark Mardon',
'Mirror Master' : 'Sam Scudder',
'Pied Piper' : 'Thomas Peterson'}
print(super_villains['Captain Cold'])
# Delete an entry
del super_villains['Fiddler']
print(super_villains)
# Replace a value
super_villains['Pied Piper'] = 'Hartley Rathaway'
# Print the number of items in the dictionary

print(len(super_villains))
# Get the value for the passed key

print(super_villains.get("Pied Piper"))
# Get a list of dictionary keys

print(super_villains.keys())
# Get a list of dictionary values

print(super_villains.values())
17. # CONDITIONALS -------------

# The if, else and elif statements are used to perform different
# actions based off of conditions
# Comparison Operators : ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
# The if statement will execute code if a condition is met
# White space is used to group blocks of code in Python
# Use the same number of proceeding spaces for blocks of code
age = 30
if age > 16 :
print('You are old enough to drive')
# Use an if statement if you want to execute different code

regardless of whether the condition was met or not
if age > 16 :
print('You are old enough to drive')
else :
print('You are not old enough to drive')
# If you want to check for multiple conditions use elif

# If the first matches it won't check other conditions that follow
if age >= 21 :
print('You are old enough to drive a tractor trailer')
elif age >= 16:
print('You are old enough to drive a car')
else :
print('You are not old enough to drive')
# You can combine conditions with logical operators
# Logical Operators: and, or, not
if ((age >= 1) and (age <= 18)):

print("You get a birthday party")
elif (age == 21) or (age >= 65):
print("You get a birthday party")
elif not(age == 30):
print("You don't get a birthday party")
else:
print("You get a birthday party yeah")
18. # FOR LOOPS -------------

# Allows you to perform an action a set number of times
# Range performs the action 10 times 0 – 9
for x in range(0, 10):

print(x , ' ', end="")
# You can use for loops to cycle through a list

grocery_list = ['Juice', 'Tomatoes', 'Potatoes', 'Bananas']
for y in grocery_list:
print(y)
# You can also define a list of numbers to cycle through
for x in [2,4,6,8,10]:
print(x)
# You can double up for loops to cycle through lists

num_list =[[1,2,3],[10,20,30],[100,200,300]];
for x in range(0,3):
for y in range(0,3):
print(num_list[x][y])
19. # WHILE LOOPS -------------

# While loops are used when you don't know ahead of time
how many
# times you'll have to loop
random_num = random.randrange(0,100)
while (random_num != 15):

print(random_num)
random_num = random.randrange(0,100)
# An iterator for a while loop is defined before the loop
i = 0;
while (i <= 20):
if(i%2 == 0):
print(i)
elif(i == 9):
# Forces the loop to end all together
break
else:
# Shorthand for i = i + 1
i += 1
# Skips to the next iteration of the loop
continue
i += 1
20. # FUNCTIONS -------------
# Functions allow you to reuse and write readable code
# Type def (define), function name and parameters it receives
# return is used to return something to the caller of the
function
def addNumbers(fNum, sNum):
sumNum = fNum + sNum
return sumNum
print(addNumbers(1, 4))
# Can't get the value of sumNum because it was created in a

function
# It is said to be out of scope
print(sumNum)
# If you define a variable outside of the function it works every

place
newNum = 0;
def subNumbers(fNum, sNum):
newNum = fNum - sNum
return newNum
print(subNumbers(1, 4))
21. # USER INPUT -------------
print('What is your name?')
# Stores everything typed up until ENTER

name = sys.stdin.readline()
print('Hello', name)
22. # STRINGS -------------

# A string is a series of characters surrounded by ' or "
long_string = "I'll catch you if you fall - The Floor"
# Retrieve the first 4 characters

print(long_string[0:4])
# Get the last 5 characters

print(long_string[-5:])
# Everything up to the last 5 characters

print(long_string[:-5])
# Concatenate part of a string to another

print(long_string[:4] + " be there")
# String formatting
print("%c is my %s letter and my number %d number is %.5f" % ('X',
'favorite', 1, .14))
# Capitalizes the first letter

print(long_string.capitalize())
# Returns the index of the start of the string

# case sensitive
print(long_string.find("Floor"))
# Returns true if all characters are letters ' isn't a letter

print(long_string.isalpha())
# Returns true if all characters are numbers

print(long_string.isalnum())
# Returns the string length

print(len(long_string))
# Replace the first word with the second (Add a number to replace
more)
print(long_string.replace("Floor", "Ground"))
# Remove white space from front and end
print(long_string.strip())
# Split a string into a list based on the delimiter you provide

quote_list = long_string.split(" ")
print(quote_list)
23. # CLASSES AND OBJECTS -------------
class Animal:
# None signifies the lack of a value
# You can make a variable private by starting it with __
__name = None
__height = None
__weight = None
__sound = None
# The constructor is called to set up or initialize an object

# self allows an object to refer to itself inside of the class
def __init__(self, name, height, weight, sound):
self.__name = name
self.__height = height
self.__weight = weight
self.__sound = sound
def set_name(self, name):
self.__name = name
def set_height(self, height):

def set_weight(self, height):

def set_sound(self, sound):

self.__sound = sound
def get_name(self):
return self.__name
def get_height(self):
return str(self.__height)
def get_weight(self):
return str(self.__weight)
def get_sound(self):
return self.__sound
def get_type(self):
print("Animal")
def toString(self):
return "{} is {} cm tall and {} kilograms and says
{}".format(self.__name, self.__height, self.__weight, self.__sound)
# How to create a Animal object

cat = Animal('Whiskers', 33, 10, 'Meow')
print(cat.toString())
# You can't access this value directly because it is private

print(cat.__name)
Problem Set-1
Problem 1: Write a program to find whether a given string is
palindrome or not.
Problem 2: Write a program for calculating the nth Fibonacci
number.

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Introduction to Python

1. # import is used to make specialty functions available

2. # Hello world is just one line of code

4. # A variable is a place to store values

5. # A variable name can contain letters, numbers, or _

7. # The arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, %, **, //

print("5 + 2 =", 5+2)

8. # Order of Operation states * and / is performed before + and

9. # A string is a string of characters surrounded by " or '

11. # To embed a string in output use %s

12. # To keep from printing newlines use end=""

13. # You can print a string multiple times with *

14. # LISTS -------------

# A list allows you to create a list of values and manipulate them

grocery_list = ['Juice', 'Tomatoes', 'Potatoes', 'Bananas']

# You can put any data type in a list including a list

# You add values using append

# Insert item at given index

# Sorts items in list

# Reverse sort items in list

# del deletes an item at specified index

# We can combine lists with a +

# Get length of list

# Get the max item in list

# Get the minimum item in list

# Convert tuple into a list

# Convert a list into a tuple

# tuples also have len(tuple), min(tuple) and max(tuple)

16. # DICTIONARY or MAP -------------

super_villains = {'Fiddler' : 'Isaac Bowin',

# Print the number of items in the dictionary

# Get the value for the passed key

# Get a list of dictionary keys

# Get a list of dictionary values

17. # CONDITIONALS -------------

# Use an if statement if you want to execute different code

# If you want to check for multiple conditions use elif

if ((age >= 1) and (age <= 18)):

18. # FOR LOOPS -------------

for x in range(0, 10):

# You can use for loops to cycle through a list

# You can double up for loops to cycle through lists

19. # WHILE LOOPS -------------

while (random_num != 15):

# Can't get the value of sumNum because it was created in a

# If you define a variable outside of the function it works every

# Stores everything typed up until ENTER

22. # STRINGS -------------

# Retrieve the first 4 characters

# Get the last 5 characters

# Everything up to the last 5 characters

# Concatenate part of a string to another

# Capitalizes the first letter

# Returns the index of the start of the string

# Returns true if all characters are letters ' isn't a letter

# Returns true if all characters are numbers

# Returns the string length

# Split a string into a list based on the delimiter you provide