Network Topology

1.
Mesh Topology
Mesh Topology: In a mesh network, devices are connected with many redundant
interconnections between network nodes. In a true mesh topology every node has a
connection to every other node in the network. There are two types of mesh topologies:
Full mesh topology: occurs when every node has a circuit connecting it to every other node
in a network. Full mesh is very expensive to implement but yields the greatest amount of
redundancy, so in the event that one of those nodes fails, network traffic can be directed to
any of the other nodes. Full mesh is usually reserved for backbone networks.
Partial mesh topology: is less expensive to implement and yields less redundancy than full
mesh topology. With partial mesh, some nodes are organized in a full mesh scheme but
others are only connected to one or two in the network. Partial mesh topology is commonly
found in peripheral networks connected to a full meshed backbone.
2. Star Topology
Star Topology: In a star network devices are connected to a central computer, called a hub.
Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub.
Main Advantage: In a star network, one malfunctioning node doesn't affect the rest of the
network.
Main Disadvantage: If the central computer fails, the entire network becomes unusable.
3. Bus Topology
Bus Topology: In networking a bus is the central cable -- the main wire -- that connects all
devices on a local-area network (LAN). It is also called the backbone. This is often used to
describe the main network connections composing the Internet. Bus networks are relatively
inexpensive and easy to install for small networks. Ethernetsystems use a bus topology.
Main Advantage: It's easy to connect a computer or device and typically it requires less
cable than a star topology.
Main Disadvantage: The entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main wire and
it can be difficult to identify the problem if the network shuts down.
4. Ring Topology
Ring Topology: A local-area network (LAN) whose topology is a ring. That is, all of the nodes
are connected in a closed loop. Messages travel around the ring, with each node reading
those messages addressed to it.
Main Advantage: One main advantage to a ring network is that it can span larger distances
than other types of networks, such as bus networks, because each node regenerates
messages as they pass through it.
5. Tree Topology
Tree Topology: This is a "hybrid" topology that combines characteristics of linear bus and
star topologies. In a tree network, groups of star-configured networks are connected to a
linear bus backbone cable.
Main Advantage: A Tree topology is a good choice for large computer networks as the tree
topology "divides" the whole network into parts that are more easily manageable.
Main Disadvantage: The entire network depends on a central hub and a failure of the
central hub can cripple the whole network.
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a
communication network.[1][2] Network topology can be used to define or describe the
arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and
control radio networks,[3] industrial fieldbusses and computer networks.
Network topology is the topological[4] structure of a network and may be depicted physically
or logically. It is an application of graph theory[3] wherein communicating devices are
modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines
between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a
network (e.g., device location and cable installation), while logical topology illustrates how
data flows within a network. Distances between nodes, physical
interconnections, transmission rates, or signal types may differ between two different
networks, yet their topologies may be identical. A network’s physical topology is a particular
concern of the physical layer of the OSI model.
Examples of network topologies are found in local area networks (LAN), a common
computer network installation. Any given node in the LAN has one or more physical links to
other devices in the network; graphically mapping these links results in a geometric shape
that can be used to describe the physical topology of the network. A wide variety of physical
topologies have been used in LANs, including ring, bus, mesh and star. Conversely,
mapping the data flow between the components determines the logical topology of the
network. In comparison, Controller Area Networks, common in vehicles, are primarily
distributed control system networks of one or more controllers interconnected with sensors
and actuators over, invariably, a physical bus topology.

Network Topology

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