Annual Report: Test Annual 12/6/02 11:56 AM Page 1 Jackie Macintosh HD:Clients:IEA Coral
Annual Report: Test Annual 12/6/02 11:56 AM Page 1 Jackie Macintosh HD:Clients:IEA Coral
Annual Report: Test Annual 12/6/02 11:56 AM Page 1 Jackie Macintosh HD:Clients:IEA Coral
Annual Report
2002 - 2003
ANNUAL REPORT 2002 - 2003
© Copyright IEA Coal Research 2003
ISBN 92-9029-378-0
Gemini House
10-18 Putney Hill
London SW15 6AA
Officers of IEA Coal Research Ltd, Operating Agent at end March 2003:
Chairman:
J Brian Lott
Managing Director:
John M Topper
Finance Director:
Adrian Keane
Company Secretary:
Colin F Nathan
IEA Clean Coal Centre
IEA Clean Coal Centre enhances innovation and sustainable development of coal as a source of energy
in an environmentally constrained world. It is the world’s foremost provider of information on clean
coal supply and use.
This is achieved by gathering, assessing and distributing knowledge on the energy efficient and
environmentally sustainable use of coal both as a single fuel source and when used in conjunction with
other fuels. In particular IEA Clean Coal Centre:
IEA Clean Coal Centre is a collaborative project established in 1975 involving mainly member
countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The project is governed by representatives of
member countries and the Commission of the European Communities.
The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, is an autonomous agency linked with the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The IEA is the energy forum for
26 Member countries. IEA Member governments are committed to taking joint measures to meet oil
supply emergencies. They have also agreed to share energy information, to co-ordinate their energy
policies and to co-operate in the development of rational energy programmes. The objectives of the IEA
are to:
! maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions;
! promote rational energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with non-
Member countries, industry and international organisations;
! operate a permanent information system on the international oil market;
! improve the world's energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative energy
sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use;
! assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies.
Implementing Agreements are independent bodies operating in a framework provided by the IEA, and
hence take full responsibility for their work programmes and publications. There are 40 currently active
Implementing Agreements encompassing activities relating to fossil fuels, renewable energy, efficient
energy end-use, fusion power and information dissemination.
More information about the IEA and Implementing Agreements can be found from www.iea.org.uk
General enquiries about IEA Clean Coal Centre should be addressed to:
Dr John M Topper
IEA Clean Coal Centre
Gemini House
10-18 Putney Hill
London SW15 6AA
United Kingdom
Yet again it has been a very active year for the IEA Clean Coal Centre. Not only has the service
maintained the quality and quantity of reports and other deliverables, but it has been very active in
visiting member countries, participating in workshops and in conferences and similar events.
This is hardly surprising as the importance of coal as a transitional fuel is increasingly being recognised
and built into the energy policies of many governments. A number of industrial organisations and
research groups have recognised this situation and have joined or are joining the IEA Clean Coal Centre
as Sponsors. These include an Australian Coal Industry Consortium, the Coal Association of New
Zealand and a Danish Power Group. In the past year the IEA’s advice to Implementing Agreements
has been modified to encourage membership from non-OECD countries. Hence, Eskom from South
Africa and BHEL from India are about to reinforce their association with the IEA CCC by entering into
formal Sponsorship.
The work programme of the centre staff continues to focus mostly on coal fired power generation and
the associated environmental effects. The interest in moving towards Zero Emissions has been well
supported by the IEA CCC both through its work programme and by attending key meetings and
conferences under the auspices of the IEA in Paris. The relevance of these and other activities was
recognised by the IEA in renewing the IEA CCC’s mandate for a further 5 years from November 2003.
To get the latest news please visit our revitalised web-site at http://www.iea-coal.org.uk
Lars Sjunnesson
1
Review of the year
The following reports were published during the year. Further details of these can be found in the
section on Reports completed during 2002/03.
Fuel handling
Coal upgrading to reduce CO2 emissions
Coal properties
Coal quality - the validity of empirical tests
Power generation
Materials development for coal, biomass and waste fuel plants
Experience of indirect cofiring of biomass and coal
Improving efficiencies of coal-fired power plants in developing countries
Conversion
Matching gasifiers to coals
Environment
Non-CO2 greenhouse gases - emissions and control from coal
The Kyoto protocol in 2002 - opportunities for coal
Prospects for integrated air pollution control
NOx control for pulverised coal fired power plants
Prospects for co-utilisation of coal with other fuels - GHG emissions reduction
2
Programme for 2003 - 2004
The technical programme for the next year includes the following topics:
Coal properties
Chemical constitution of coal
Power generation
Competitive situation of coal-fired plant
Clean coal technologies
Clean coal technologies roadmaps
Effects of upgrading instrumentation and control in coal-fired power plants
Sustainable development in the production and use of coal
SO3 issues in coal-fired power plants will be published
Design and construction of coal-fired power plants
Understanding coal-fired power plant cycles
Combustion
Co-utilisation of coal with other fuels in cement kilns
Understanding fluidised bed combustion
Fundamentals of pulverised coal combustion
Conversion
Prospects for hydrogen from coal
Clean fuels from coal - implication for greenhouse gases
Use of coal in direct iron-making processes
Environment
Impact of emission trading on the coal industry
Trends in emission standards
Importance of PM2.5/10 particulate emissions
Interaction between air pollution control technologies
Residues
Utilisation of coal residues
3
Reports completed during the year
Coal upgrading, with the resultant supply of a more consistent, lower ash content fuel, could increase
the average thermal efficiency by at least 2-3 percentage points on existing PCC boilers, possibly as
much as 4-5 percentage points. The effect of a change in efficiency from, say, 28% to 33% means a
reduction in CO2 emissions of up to 15%, or some 190 g/kWh generated. If the average efficiency is
raised from 33 to 38% a further reduction of some 175 g/kWh is achievable. With the widespread
application of state-of-the-art technologies such as supercritical steam PCC or IGCC, which also
benefit from the use of upgraded coals, average efficiencies might be brought up to nearer 43%.
Over the years a wide range of testing and evaluation procedures have been developed to aid in the
selection of suitable fuels. The expected performance of the coal can then be predicted from empirical
correlations that relate coal properties to plant performance. The failure of some of these conventional
bench-scale procedures to accurately predict the performance characteristics of some coals is leading to
a reassessment of the standard tests. Coals are complex heterogeneous solids that vary widely in their
composition and properties. Hence it is probably not surprising that tests developed on one type of coal
have produced misleading results for other types of coals. Consequently, there is a need for alternative
internationally acceptable methods for assessing coal characteristics that are based on a better
understanding of the processes involved.
Further increases in steam conditions will depend on the development of nickel based supper alloys.
Several international programme such as the COST (CO-operation in the field of Science and
Technology) programme and Thermie 700 programme, with a goal of operating at steam temperatures
approaching 700/C, are striving to develop materials which are able to withstand harsher operating
conditions.
4
Experience of indirect cofiring of biomass and coal
Cofiring biomass with coal can reduce CO2 and other gaseous emissions and also diversifies the power
plant’s fuel portfolio by adding a potentially less expensive non-fossil fuel. Cofiring can be direct,
where the biomass and coal are fired in the same boiler, or indirect, where the combustion or
gasification of the biomass occurs in a separate unit.
Typical biomass fuels used for power generation include wood-based fuels such as wood chips,
sawdust and bark; agricultural wastes such as straw and rice husks; sludges from paper mills and
municipal sludges. Approximately 13% of world energy demand is met by biomass that is fired at a
rate of about 1200 Mtoe (millions tonnes of oil equivalent) per annum. Whereas biomass is the largest
energy source (33%) in developing countries, it represents only 3% of energy consumption in
industrialised countries. In the United States 4% of primary energy is produced by biomass whereas the
corresponding figures in Finland and Sweden are 21% and 17% as the latter two countries have large
forest-based pulp and paper industries. The European Parliament has set targets for Member States
that biofuels should account for 2% of fuels sold by December 2005 and 5.75% by 2010.
There is a major programme to improve the medium sized (100 MWe-300 MWe) PC units in China
and to close many small units.
In India, there have been Government programmes to improve older plants and increase plant load
factors. The latter has met with considerable success and has increased thermal efficiency as well as
total generation. The other important challenge here concerns coal quality. Over time, the calorific
value and ash and moisture contents of many thermal coals in India have been deteriorating, adversely
impacting the thermal efficiency of even well-run power stations. There is a continuing need not only to
produce better quality coals, through beneficiation and blending, but also to establish arrangements to
ensure that the coal consignments received at power stations are of the quality that has been ordered.
In both countries there remains scope for further progress in raising the average generation efficiency,
which lies in the order of 30%.
Entrained flow gasifiers, in which pulverised coal particles and gases flow concurrently at high speed,
are the most commonly used gasifiers for coal gasification with seven different gasification technologies
(BBP, Hitachi, MHI, Prenflo, SCGP, E-Gas and Texaco). Short gas residence times in entrained flow
gasifiers require coal to be pulverised to ensure high carbon conversion.
In fluidised bed gasifiers coal particles are suspended in the gas flow and feed particles are mixed with
the particles undergoing gasification. There are six types of gasification processes (BHEL, HTW,
5
IDGCC, KRW, Transport reactor, ABGC) using fluidised bed gasifiers. They can only operate with
solid crushed fuels, with the exception of the transport reactor
In moving bed gasifiers, gases flow relatively slowly upward through the bed of coal feed. There are
only three types of gasification processes using moving bed gasifiers (BGL, BHEL, Lurgi dry ash)
developed at industrial scale. They can be either slagging (BGL) or dry ash (Lurgi, BHEL) gasifiers
and are only suitable for solid fuels. Because the combustion zone in dry ash gasifiers is at a much
lower temperature (1000ºC) than in the BGL gasifier, they are more suited to reactive coals like lignites
than the latter.
By contrast, nitrous oxide is a long-lived and very effective greenhouse gas, 296 times stronger than
CO2 . Its lifetime in the atmosphere is around 120 years. The atmospheric concentration of N2 O has
increased by 13%, from 275 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) to 311 ppbv, since pre-industrial times.
This trend appears to be continuing and global emissions may increase by as much as 20–30% over
current levels by 2020. Because of its significantly higher global warming potential, reductions in N2 O
emissions could be a significant contribution to total reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Two mechanisms have been introduced for such transfers, joint implementation (JI) and emissions
trading. JI is based on emission reductions resulting from specific projects. International emissions
trading allows governments to trade on the basis of their country’s emissions inventory. In addition the
clean development mechanism (CDM) authorises the crediting to Annex 1 countries of certified
emission reductions (CERs) achieved through sustainable development projects in developing countries.
World coal production rose by 60% between 1971 and 1995. And, under a business as usual scenario,
production is projected to continue to rise by 2.2%/y to 2020. The majority of this will be in the
developing countries of Asia. The use of cleaner coal technologies (CCTs) can reduce the
environmental impact of the increase in coal use. However, the Kyoto Protocol is a source of much
uncertainty for the CCT industry. The climate change initiatives may create real opportunities for the
CCTs in developing countries, or they may create barriers. A problem for the CCT industry is the lack
of information regarding climate change policy on which to base their decisions.
6
Prospects for integrated air pollution control
Most pollution control efforts have been historically based on the command and control approach
which is the imposition of regulations that set limits and standards to reduce pollution. Hence the
development of pollutant dedicated, end-of-pipe, control technologies. Prior to the early 1990s, most
existing legislation concentrated on controlling a single medium despite the release or transfer of
pollutants to other media. The installation of a myriad of such technologies to reduce several pollutants
increases the cost of power generation and may shift the problem from one media to another. However,
despite the availability of commercial technologies that reduce, for example, SO2 and NOx
simultaneously (the so called combined SO2 /NOx removal processes) since the 1980s, their market
penetration remains very limited indeed due to their complexity and cost in parasitic energy
requirements and monetary terms. However, integrated pollution control is becoming more widely
advocated by policy makers to reduce the detrimental impact on the environment from coal-based
power generation, for example in Canada, the European Union (EU), Japan, New Zealand, and more
recently in the USA.
Combustion modifications can achieve NOx reductions ranging from 10 to 80% when applied
individually. In general, these technologies are relatively simple to install and operate, and are low in
both capital and operating costs. Hence, they are the preferred option in many circumstances requiring
moderate NOx reductions. Flue gas treatments generally provide higher NOx reductions than
combustion modifications. However, they are more expensive to install and operate, and are therefore
recommended for more strict NOx control.
A combination of flue gas treatment with combustion modification is being increasingly used. This
includes SCR or SNCR with combustion modification and layered reductions which combine several
technologies in one package. The hybrid system provides the potential for higher overall NOx
reductions to meet more stringent emission limits. It can also be more cost-effective than a stand-alone
technology for the same level of NOx control.
7
Financing the IEA Clean Coal Centre
The IEA Clean Coal Centre derives most of its funding from contributions from 10 countries, the
European Union and industrial sponsors. In 2002/2003 these contributions were about £1.1 million.
Total income, including the sales of publications and services, was £1.39 million. The production of
reports has been maintained at the level established over recent years.
8
Products and Services
CoalPower 4
CoalPower 4 is a series of eight interlinked databases covering clean coal technologies, clean coal
demonstration plants, the world’s coal-fired power stations and their units, environmental abatement
and control systems, emission standards, and the names and addresses of utilities and companies active
in clean coal technologies.
CoalPower 4 contains:
C details of clean coal technologies: air pollution abatement and control technologies, and plants
demonstrating them
C information on nearly 1900 coal-fired power stations and more than 5000 individual units
throughout the world. For each unit, information is provided on:
C utility/owner/operator
C plant location
C capacity
C coal burn, coal quality (heating value, sulphur and ash content), boiler type and
manufacturer
C data on installations for flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) for SO2 control, primary
measures and flue gas treatment for NOx emissions reduction, and particulate removal
systems are incorporated where available.
C details of these environmental abatement and control systems
C emission standards for coal-fired plants in more than 30 countries, and finally
C more than 1000 contact addresses of utilities and equipment suppliers make this a valuable
marketing tool.
9
Coal abstracts contains almost 190,000 abstracts of coal literature in a searchable form. Books,
journals, reports, dissertations, reports of research programmes and individual papers from conference
proceedings are covered on all aspects of the coal chain including:
C coal industry
C reserves and exploration
C mining
C preparation
C transport and handling
C properties
C combustion
C power generation
C waste management
C environmental aspects
C products
C health and safety
Coal Abstracts on the web is updated monthly and the CD-ROM quarterly. Both contain information
from 1993 to date. A separate archive CD-ROM contains additional material going back to 1987.
Consultancy
IEA Clean Coal Centre undertakes third party client studies for its members. With more than 20 years’
experience of evaluating international developments within the coal supply and use industries, IEA
Clean Coal Centre is ideally placed to undertake such studies.
We are able to draw on the expertise of our professional staff to provide a range of services including:
10
C literature searches and reviews
C market analysis
C database searches on power stations, their environmental control systems and emission
standards
C research and preparation of case studies
C independent technology assessments
Several clients have found value in IEA Clean Coal Centre’s extensive databases and expert search
capabilities.
Published reports
The Clean Coal Centre publishes reports on all aspects of the coal chain. A list of available reports is
given below with new titles shown in BLUE type. An issue of Profiles is produced for each report.
Profiles are executive summaries in single page newsletter style. They are intended for both policy
makers and researchers who do not need to read the full report, and to extend library distribution.
Profiles are available free of charge from our website.
11
Coal prospects in Russia (1996)
Coal prospects in Latin America to 2010 (1996)
Asian coal prospects to 2010 (1995)
Indonesian coal prospects to 2010 (1994)
Chinese coal prospects to 2010 (1994)
European coal prospects to 2010 (1993)
Coal supply prospects in North America (1993)
Coal supply prospects in the European Community (1992)
Power station coal use: prospects to 2000 (1991)
African coal supply prospects (1991)
Coal prospects in Eastern Europe (1990)
Coal supply prospects in the Asia/Pacific region (1990)
Current and future Australian coal prospects (1990)
Prospects for Polish and Soviet coal exports (1989)
The cost and availability of Canadian coal (1986)
The availability and cost of coal in South Africa (1986)
The cost and availability of Colombian coal (1985)
The supply of USA thermal coal exports to 2000 (1985)
Coal markets
Major coalfields of the world (2000)
Coal research, development and demonstration funding (1999)
Liberalisation of electricity markets and coal use (1999)
Coal as an energy source (1999)
Competitiveness of coal - the evolution of price (1999)
Coal-fired independent power production in developing countries (1998)
Coal sulphur content - impact on coal markets (1997)
Indicative coal export costs (Working paper) (1997)
Utility coal procurement (1995)
World coal-fired power stations - Europe and Russia (1994)
World coal-fired power stations - Africa, Asia, and Australasia (1994)
World coal-fired power stations - North and South America (1994)
Major coalfields of the world (1993)
Fuel peat - world resources and utilisation (1993)
Seaborne steam coal trade - demand prospects to 2000 (1992)
World coal-fired power stations (1990)
Lignite resources and characteristics (1988)
China's potential in international coal trade (1987)
The economics of coal for steam raising in industry (1985)
Economic potential of coal-water mixtures (1985)
The future economics of coal-based energy in the residential market (1983)
The international steam coal trade, a summary comparison of the Atlantic and Pacific markets (1983)
Organisation and structure of the Pacific steam coal trade (1983)
Concise guide to world coalfields (1983)
Constraints on international trade in coal (1982)
Market aspects of an expansion of the international steam coal trade (1981)
Inflation and the real cost of energy (1980)
The economics of electricity from coal, nuclear and wind energy (1980)
The supply of energy to industry (1979)
Published plans and projections for coal production, trade and consumption (1977)
12
Mining, production and preparation
Coal upgrading to reduce CO2 emissions
Experience from coal industry restructuring (2001)
Comparative environmental standards - deep mine and opencast (2001)
Opportunities for coal preparation to lower emissions (2000)
Uncontrolled fires in coal and coal wastes (1999)
Rescue and emergency support services in underground coal mines (1999)
Coal licensing and production tax regimes (1998)
Adding value to coal cleaning wastes (1998)
Gas control in underground coal mining (including Chinese annex) (1997)
Coal preparation - automation and control 1996
Comparative underground coal mining methods (1996)
Coal preparation - automation and control (1996)
Coalbed methane extraction (1995)
Mine productivity (1991)
Advanced coal cleaning technology (1991)
Surface coal mines – restoration and rehabilitation (1991)
Water jet/jet assisted cutting and drilling (1987)
Monitoring for mine information and control (1986)
Physical coal beneficiation and electricity costs (1986)
Outbursts in coal mines (1984)
Underground stowing of mine waste (1983)
Remote and automatic control of longwall mining (1982)
Hydrological problems of surface mining (1981)
Geophysical examination of coal deposits (1981)
Less-conventional underground coal mining (1980)
Methane prediction in coal mines (1978)
Underground transport in coal mines (1978)
13
Trace elements in coal (1996)
Nitrogen in coal (1994)
On-line analysis of coal - symposium review (1994)
Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy of minerals in coal (1993)
Organic sulphur in coal (1993)
On-line analysis of coal (1991)
Natural oxidation of coal (1990)
Coal classification (1988)
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of coal (1986)
Mineral effects in coal conversion (1983)
Molecular structure of coal (1980)
14
Power from coal - where to remove impurities? (1995)
Coal pulverisers - performance and safety (1995)
Developments affecting metallurgical uses of coal (1994)
Understanding slagging and fouling during pf combustion (1994)
Developments in coal-liquid mixtures (1994)
Coal combustion - analysis and testing (1993)
Coal specifications - impact on power station performance (1993)
Advanced power generation from fuel cells - implications for coal (1993)
Advanced power generation - a comparative study of design options for coal (1993)
Power station refurbishment: opportunities for coal (1991)
Coal gasification for IGCC power generation (1991)
Lignite upgrading (1990)
Power generation from lignite (1989)
Catalysts for fuels from syngas: new directions for research (1988)
Catalysis in coal liquefaction: new directions for research (1988)
Coal-fired MHD (1988)
Biotechnology and coal (1987)
Understanding pulverised coal combustion (1986)
Atmospheric fluidised bed boilers for industry (1986)
Power generation from coal - what does it cost? (1986)
Conversion from oil to coal firing - will it pay? (1986)
Catalytic coal gasification (1984)
The economics of producing ammonia and hydrogen (1984)
Ethylene production from oil, gas and coal-derived feedstock (1983)
The economics of gas from coal (1983)
Combustion of coal liquid mixtures (1983)
The cost of liquid fuels from coal (1983)
Part I: Executive summary
Part II: Fischer-Tropsch liquids
Part III: Methanol and methanol-derived gasoline
Part IV: Products from direct liquefaction
Methanol production from natural gas or coal (1982)
Hydropyrolysis of coal (1982)
Chemical desulphurisation of coal (1981)
Solvent extraction of coal (1981)
Mathematical modelling of fluidised bed combustors (1980)
Methanation catalysts (1980)
Underground coal gasification - reaction zone mapping (1979)
Conversion to coal and coal/oil firing (1979)
Hot gas cleanup (1979)
The economics of coal-based electricity generation (1979)
Combustion of low grade coal (1978)
Economic and technical criteria for coal utilisation plants (1977)
Part I: Economic and financial conventions
Part II: Gasification processes
Part III: Liquefaction
Part IV: Power generation
Greenhouse issue
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using coal with other fuels
15
The Kyoto protocol in 2002 - opportunities for coal
Prospects for co-utilisation of coal with other fuels - GHG emissions reduction (2002)
Greenhouse gas emissions reduction by technology transfer to developing countries (2002)
Potential for economic greenhouse reduction in coal-fired power generation (2001)
Market mechanisms for greenhouse gas emissions reduction (2001)
CO2 reduction - prospects for coal (1999)
Clean coal technology transfer - CO2 reduction in power generation (1999)
Climatic change - modelling and measurement (1997)
Greenhouse gas emission factors for coal - the complete fuel cycle (1997)
Sulphates, climate and coal (1995)
Greenhouse gases - perspectives on coal (1994)
N2 O emissions from coal use (1993)
Methane emissions from coal (1992)
Carbon taxes (1992)
Greenhouse gases, abatement and control: the role of coal (1991)
CO2 and climatic change (1988)
Carbon dioxide - emissions and effects (1982)
Carbon dioxide and the `greenhouse effect' – an unresolved problem (1978)
Environmental policy
Emission standards handbook (1997)
International emissions trading for greenhouse gases - Briefing Paper (1997)
Externalities and coal-fired power generation (1996)
New coal facilities - overcoming the obstacles (1996)
Coal technology transfer: motivation and markets (1994)
Sulphur and coal (1993)
Environmental audits (1992)
Environmental impact assessment for coal (1992)
Emission standards handbook: air pollutant standards for coal-fired plants (1991)
Market mechanisms for pollution control: impacts on the coal industry (1990)
Market impacts of sulphur control: the consequences for coal (1989)
Emission standards for coal-fired plants: air pollutant control policies (1988)
16
Acidic deposition - ecological effects on surface waters (1989)
Trace elements from coal combustion: emissions (1987)
Acidic deposition - materials and health effects (1986)
Sulphates in the atmosphere (1985)
PAH from coal utilisation - emissions and effects (1984)
Nitrogen oxides from coal combustion - environmental effects (1980)
Trace elements from coal combustion - atmospheric emissions (1979)
17
Coal mining and water quality (1995)
PFBC residues (1994)
Legislation for the management of coal-use residues (1994)
Management of FGD residues (1993)
Applications for coal-use residues (1992)
Management of by-products from IGCC power generation (1991)
Management of AFBC residues (1990)
Solid residues from coal use - disposal and utilisation (1984)
Treatment of liquid effluents from coal gasification plants (1979)
Newsletter
The Clean Coal Centre’s Newsletter, published in March, July and
November, is available on request free of charge.
Availability
Details of our consultancy services are available from John Topper at the Clean Coal Centre. The
Newsletter, Profiles, CD-ROMs, and reports are available from the Publications Department at the
Clean Coal Centre or from our authorised agents.
18
IEA Clean Coal Centre Staff
19
Executive Committee Members
For further information about IEA Coal Research, people in member countries are invited to contact
their Executive Committee member as listed below:
Austria
Dipl.-Ing. Dr. A Aumüller
Head Power Generation Division
EVN
EVN Platz
A-2344 Maria Enzersdorf
Tel: (2236) 200 12 315
Fax: (2236) 200 84 721
e-mail: adolf.aumueller@evn.at
Canada
Dr K Thambimuthu
Senior Research Scientist
CANMET, Energy Technology Centre (CETC)
1 Haanel Drive
Ottawa
Ontario K1A 1M1
Tel: (613) 996 2761
Fax: (613) 992 9335
e-mail: kelly.thambimuthu@nrcan.gc.ca
Denmark
Mr L Meisingset
Chief Engineer
Energi E2 A/S
Lautruphoej 5
Tel: (44) 80 60 00
Fax: (44) 80 60 10
e-mail: lme@e2.dk
European Commission
Dr P Dechamps
Programme Manager
European Commission
DG RTD-J-2, MO75 4/30
200 rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Tel: (02) 295 6623
Fax: (02) 296 4288
e-mail: pierre.dechamps@cec.eu.int
European Commission
TREN/C/3 DM24 6/8
200 rue de la Loi
Brussels 1049
Tel: (2) 295 5576
20
Fax: (2) 296 4337
Italy
Dr. Ing. E D’Ercole
General Director
Sotacarbo S.p.a.
C/o Centro Servizi Consorzio Industriale
09010 Portoscuso (CA)
Tel: (781) 509 047
Fax: (781) 508 349
e-mail: sotac@tiscalinet.it
Japan
Mr K Ogawa
Director General
Energy & Environment Tech. Dev. Dept.
NEDO
30th Floor, Sunshine 60
1-1 3-chome
Higashi-Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku
Tokyo 170-6028
Tel: (3) 987 9442
Fax: (3) 992 3206
e-mail: ogawakni@nedo.go.jp
Netherlands
Mr E H Backer van Ommeren
Technical Director
GKE Vliegasunie
Utrechtsweg 370
PO Box 301
NL-3730 AH De Bilt
Tel: (30) 220 9109
Fax: (30) 220 4444
e-mail: EbackervOmmeren@gkevu.nl
Poland
Dr W Suwala
Polish Academy of Sciences
Mineral & Energy Economy Research Centre
J. Wybickiego 7
PO Box 49
31-261 Cracow 65
Tel: (12) 633 0296
Fax: (12) 632 3524
e-mail: suwala@min-pan.krakow.pl
Sweden
Prof L Sjunnesson*
Director - Research & Development
21
Sydkraft AB
Carl Gustafs Väg 1
S-205 09 Malmö
United Kingdom
Brian Morris
Deputy Director
Department of Trade & Industry
Cleaner Fossil Fuel Unit
Energy Business & Innovation
1 Victoria Street
London SW1H 0ET
Tel: (0)20 7215 6110/5000
Fax: (0)20 7215 2601
e-mail: Brian.Morris@dti.gsi.gov.uk
USA
Mrs B N McKee
Director
Office of Coal and Power Import and Export
Office of Fossil Energy
FE-27, Mail Stop G-124
US Department of Energy
19901 Germantown Road
Germantown, MD 20874-1290
Tel: (301) 903 4497
Fax: (301) 903 1591
e-mail: barbara.mckee@hq.doe.gov
IEA Observer
Dr Giorgio Simbolotti
Energy Technology Collaboration Division
International Energy Agency
9 rue de la Fédération
75739 Paris, Cedex 16
22
Test Annual 12/9/02 4:47 PM Page 34 Jackie Macintosh HD:Clients:IEA Coral: