SYMBIOSIS LAW SCHOOL, PUNE

INTERNAL- II

Web Design

Answer the Questions

BY: PRAKRITI TRIPATHI

DIV: B, 16010125149
 Question 1. What is Web CMS? What are types of Web CMS? Explain them in brief.

“Web CMS stands for Web Content Management System which is a software application or a
similar set of program used to create, manage and handle digital content. The main features of any
Web Content Management System include the ability to design, create and maintain personalized
content for a website along with editors to review and approve content prior to publication. In
addition to this it also has an automated publishing process.”

“To understand WCMS in a layman’s language it can basically be classified in two limbs, the first
one being Content Management Application (CMA) and Content Delivery Application (CDA).
CMA helps user to create and manipulate their content as a platform that is accessible to them,
meanwhile CDA as a back end helps to convert the data for delivery. The two limbs work together
to provide a steady system.”

“More specifically, a CMS is a software application that allows users to collaborate in the creation,
editing, and production of digital content: web pages, blog posts, etc. The CMS (or WCM—web
content management system) are evolving from just helping you launch digital content to more
robust systems that are core to managing an overall digital experience across many different
channels, such as email, mobile apps, social media, web sites, and more.”

Types of CMS

1. Proprietary CMS
2. Open Source CMS
Proprietary CMS

“These are content management systems that are owned by a company which holds all the rights
associated with the system. These companies then sell licenses that allow users to use their CMS.
Often, even with a license, users are restricted from duplicating the CMS or making any changes to
it unless they purchase a more expensive ‘Developers’ license.

Some types of proprietary systems require specific conditions for use. The user may be required to
use their web hosting or other services through the CMS creator’s system. The system may also
have limited compatibility, particularly because creators want to promote their own software
without having to accommodate competitors.

A person who uses a proprietary CMS may be prohibited from duplicating or sharing the system
and may be required to buy more licenses to expand the system’s use. Though robust in their
design, these systems often lack compatibility with certain hosting services. In addition, their
licensing fees can make them a little tough to acquire for smaller companies”

Open Source CMS

“Open source software has been a popular option among multiple types of systems, CMS or
otherwise. The ability to distribute and modify a system provides flexibility and versatility, both of
which are useful to content creators and managers.

Popular open source systems like WordPress and Drupal have become some of the top choices out
there. Open source systems don’t have the costly licensing fees, and they’re also usually free of
complicated contracts and sneaky sign-up costs.

There’s also countless free tools and modules on the market, meaning open source support can
actually rival and even exceed that of proprietary systems. Likewise, there are plenty of free themes
and layouts and the systems require little in the way of setup.”
Question 2- Explain the working of Internet (Client-Server).

“A server host runs one or more server programs which share their resources with clients. A client
does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Examples of
computer applications that use the client–server model are Email, network printing, and the World
Wide Web. Servers are usually devices with files and databases stored inside, including complex
applications like web sites. They have higher-powered central processors larger disk drives and
more memory compare to the client. The server will fulfil the request of the client by sharing
resources with the clients while the client does not have any processing capability. This client-
server model often happened over a network of computers. However, it can happen within a single
computer too.”

“The client-server architecture helps to reduce network traffic by providing a query response. It
does not provide total file transfer. There are two type of the client-server architecture, which are
the two tiers architecture and the three tier architectures. As for the two-tier client-server
architecture, the user interface is stored in the client while the data are stored in the server.
Information processing is separated between the user interface environment and the data
management server environment. In the three tiers client-server architecture, middleware is used
between user interface environment and the data management server environment.”

“Client/server is a program relationship in which one program (the client) requests a service or
resource from another program (the server). Although the client/server model can be used by
programs within a single computer, it is a more important concept for networking. In this case, the
client establishes a connection to the server over a LAN or WAN, such as the Internet. Once the
server has fulfilled the client's request, the connection is terminated. Your Web browser is a client
program that has requested a service from a server; in fact, the service and resource the server
provided is the delivery of this Web page. Computer transactions in which the server fulfills a
request made by a client are very common and the client/server model has become one of the
central ideas of network computing. Thus, Internet servers make the Internet possible. All of the
machines on the Internet are either servers or clients. The machines that provide services to other
machines are servers. And the machines that are used to connect to those services are clients.
Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices, your computer or phone connected to
the internet and web-accessing software available on those devices, like Firefox or Chrome. Servers
are computers that store webpages, sites, or apps.”
 Question 3: Explain the 4 types of menus in Drupal.

There are four types of menus in Drupal:

 Main Menu - A main menu is used to show up the tabs on the top page on the left. It is used for the
major sections of the site. It is the primary navigational menu. This is the menu to which content
items are added from the Menu Options in content editing. It is comprised of a hierarchy of menu
items which are linked to arbitrary URLs, including both on-site and off-site web pages.
 Navigation Menu - It shows up a menu on the Sidebar region by default. It provides a menu of
quick links that is exposed to site visitors. It consists of widgets like menu search, collapsible menus
and favorites, and can be customized for individual users depending on their roles. Navigate has
been tested with many themes, and can be themed to match the look of any site.
 User Menu - It shows up on the upper right corner of the page. It is the easiest, most convenient
way for users to manage their accounts and get access to services such as changing password,
username, creating the new user’s role, etc. It provides the logout link and links for an individual
user to manage his/her account.
 Management Menu - It is referred to as a hidden block, this menu is not on the screen for your
visitors to see. It contains the links for the administrative tasks such as, content, structure, etc. It
helps in navigating through dashboard (the home page of any webpage), content (create, manage or
edit new/existing content types), Structure (blocks, taxonomy, etc.), Appearance (contributed
themes), Configurations, etc.
Question 4: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Internet.

“Technology can be defined as applications, instruments, or processes that enhance or simplify

the aspects of everyday life. The vehicle you use to drive to work is an example of technology
that simplifies life. Or, the Internet, as a whole, can be seen as technology that has greatly
enhanced our lives. While the introduction of the Internet led to many benefits, unfortunately, it
also came with its own set of problems. Most significantly, these problems can negatively impact
your security and privacy.”

Some of the advantages of the internet are as follow:

 COMMUNICATION: “The main advantage of internet is the faster communication than

any other devices. It’s an instant process. Communication in the form of video calls,
emails etc. is possible using internet. Thus, there is no specific region that can be
accessed. It is accessible all over the world. Hence, because of this global issues are
reduced since video conferencing is possible where everyone across the world can be in
single place and can solve out a problem.”
 INFORMATION: “The internet is the source of knowledge. All kinds of information is
present in it. it is easily accessed and can be searched more to get more additional
knowledge. Information like educational related, government laws, market sales, stocks
and shares, new creations etc. is gathered from a single place.”
 LEARNING: “The internet has now become a part of education. Education like home
schooling is easily carried out using internet. Teachers can upload their teaching videos in
the internet and is accessed by people across the world which is helpful for all students.
The marks are also released in the internet since, releasing mark for the whole institution
in notice boards will create chaos.”
 ENTERTAINMENT: “The internet is now the most popular form of entertainment.
Movies, songs, videos, games etc. is available in internet for free. Social networking is
also possible using internet. Hence, there is tons of entertainment that is available in
online in the internet.”
 SOCIAL NETWORK: “The social networking is the sharing of information to people
across the world. Apart from being an entertainment website, it has many uses. Any job
vacancy, emergency news, ideas etc. can be shared in the website and the information gets
passed on quickly to wide area. Also the social networking websites are used to easy
communications. Example: Facebook and twitter.”
  E-COMMERCE: “All business deals can be carried in the internet like transaction of
money etc. this is called E commerce. Online reservations, online ticket booking for
movie etc. can be done easily. It saves us lots of time. Online shopping is now the latest
trend in internet world where products from dresses to household furniture is available at
door step.”

Some of the disadvantages of Internet are as follows:

INFORMATION LOSS: “The information crucial to us or any important files can be

easily taken by the hackers. There is no exact proof for the security for the details we
store like account number, passwords etc. hence, sensitive information must be carefully
stored by the people.”
SPAM: “The unnecessary emails, advertisements etc. sometimes are said to be spam
because they have the ability to slow down the system and makes the users to face lots
of problems. Spam makes the people get more confused since important emails are also
stored along with spam.”
VIRUS ATTACKS: “The malware or virus threats are so deadly that affects the system
to a greater extend. It immediately deletes all important files and finally the system ends
up being crashed. The virus attack is possible in three ways. One it attacks selected files.
Two, it harms the executable boot files and most dangerous of all is the macro virus
which has the ability to replicate and expand to all parts of files.”
VIRTUAL WORLD: The people using internet often will forget the difference
between virtual and real world. This causes the people to get depressed quickly and it
leads to social isolation and obesity problems. The obesity is due to the lack of any
physical exercises. So it’s better to play outdoors rather in the internet.
INTERNET ADDICTION DISORDER: Internet over use is detrimental to not only
physical fitness but also mental health. Internet use can be divided into 3 stages according
to Grohol Some people simply get caught in Stage I and never move beyond it. They may
need some help to get over it.
SOCIAL ALIENATION: Time spent online flies really fast without consciousness. Once
attracted by so many amazing things provided by the Internet, users are trapped by a "net",
spending less time with people in real life. Less interaction and face-to-face
communication in reality may result in decrease of networking abilities.
Question 5: Explain following HTML tags with any two attributes with suitable example.
(1) hr (2) a (3) img

(1) hr- “This tag stands for Horizontal Rule and is used for putting a line across the webpage. In
more technical terms, the element is used to represent a thematic break between paragraph- level
elements. It is unclosed HTML tag type. The tag is often misused and misunderstood. It is
important to note that it creates a small separator bar and is best thought of as a typographical
element, as something that might come within the context of your content and not a part of the
design. This can be useful for when you want to divide a piece of content into sections without
using headlines elements. Various attributes can be used along with this tag such as, width, size, no
shade, color and align.”

Attribute Value Example

Align Left <hr align=“left”>
(A left-aligned horizontal line)

Width Pixels % <hr width=“50%”>

(A horizontal line with a width of
50%)

(2) a- “This type of HTML link tag, “a” is an Anchor Tag. It creates a hyperlink to another web
pages, files, locations within the same page, email addresses, or any other URL. In simpler words, it
is usually used to link another document with your webpage. The hyperlink created by an anchor
element is applied to the text, image, or other HTML content nested between the opening and
closing <a> tags. By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers: (1) an unvisited link is
underlined and blue, (2) a visited link is underlined and purple and (3) an active link is underlined
and red.”

Target- Specifies where to open the linked document, self (Load the URL into the same

browsing context as the current one, default), blank (into a new browsing tab), parent (into

the parent browsing context of the current one) and top (into the top-level browsing context).
 Attribute Value Example
href URL <a href="http://www.google.com"> Google</a>
(A link toGoogle)
target _blank <a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">Google</a>
(Google will open in a new window)

(3) img- “This tag defines an Image in one’s HTML page. Images aren’t technically inserted into an
HTML page. They are linked to it through “img” tag. It is an empty tag, meaning that the user does
not have to close it. The <img> element is the most straight-forward way of displaying a static
image on a page. You should normally use it whenever an image is actually a part of the content (as
opposed to using an image as part of a page's design). The two attributes which are usually
mentioned are “src” for the image’s location/URL. This defines the image to be displayed.
Typically, the src is a URL, but a data representation of the image can also be used in some cases.
The other one is “alt” for an alternative image if the one mentioned earlier does not open up. Other
attributes which are used can be height, align, border, width, etc.”

Attribute Value Example

Heigth and Width Pixels % <img src="myimage.jpg" width="30" height="30">
(An image with a height and width of 30 pixels)
Border Pixels % <img src="myimage.jpg" alt="myimage.jpg" border="7">
(An image with a 7 pixels thick border)
Question 6: Differentiate between proprietary CMS and Open Source CMS.

Difference between Open source CMS and a Proprietary CMS:

Proprietary CMS
Open Source CMS
Open source CMSs often provide the most
Though it may offer less flexibility in terms of
flexibility in terms of actually owning your website
ownership, there are certainly instances where it
(design, code, database and all) and they don’tmakes
tie the most sense to use a proprietary system.
you to one vendor.
If you’re running a large enterprise site which has
One of the major benefits of an open source content
management system is that they generally have
many
a brands and subsides then a proprietary
large base of developers. enterprise CMS may be the smartest route
The advantages of an open-source CMS is Athe
proprietary CMS keeps the source code closed to
continual testing and development of the productthe
bypublic, while an open-source CMS allows the
engaged programmers. This way the CMS source
will code to be seen and modified by everyone
unlikely stay at a standstill, because it will always
(again, depending on the licence and access rights).
be improved.
The main advantage will be that any day-to-day
The advantage of a proprietary CMS is the
changes to the code and the code quality are 100%
complete control of the source code by the
transparent. This ensures predictability and safety
organisation, group, or individual behind it. If you
for the users and customers. By comparison, there’s
don’t want the source code tampered with, this is
no way to know the quality of closed source. the alternative to choose
The disadvantages of an open-source CMS may
The disadvantage of a proprietary CMS is that you
appear to be a lack of control, but the organisation
are locked in as the customer. Even though your
controlling the repository where the code lives developers
can can have trials or demos, the fact
decide who can commit changes. Copies of remains
the that a proprietary CMS is more closed to
code can be made, but they are then separate from
general development and is solely dependent on the
the original repository, or repo for short. legal owner and creator of the platform.
Question 7: Explain the following tags used in table creation in HTML with two attributes
along with example.

(1) table- Tables in HTML are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows and each
row is divided into data cells. The <table> tag is written as <table></table> with the various table
elements nested between the start and end tags. A data cell can contain text, images, lists,
paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc. This tag is always used in conjunction with child
elements such as <tr>, <td>, <th>, and others to add tabular data to an HTML document.

(2) tr- This is defined as “Table Row”. This HTML tag is used to define a row while making a
table for your webpage.

(3) th- This is defined as “Table Head”. This HTML tag is used to define a header cell for a HTML

table.

(4) td- This HTML tag is again used with <table> tag for division of rows into data cells. The text
in <th> elements are bold and centered by default, whereas the text in <td> elements are regular and
left-aligned by default. The most common attributes used with this tag are table frame, height,
width, border, cell padding, cell spacing, bg (background) color, align, etc.

A simple HTML table, containing three columns and three rows

Caption- To provide a caption/title for your table, <table> <caption> Table No. 1 </caption>

</table>.

Border- To set the thickness of the table border; when the border attribute is missing, the table will
not show a border, but the space for a border is there. Border="0" makes the border vanish and the
space for a border is gone, too, <table border="2"> ... </table>.
Month Income
The end result with all these tags combined in a program would like January Rs.600
something like this;
February Rs.700
<table border=“2” style="width:100%">

<caption> Monthly Savings </caption>

<table>

<tr>
 <th>Month</th>

<th>Income</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>January</td>

<td>Rs.600</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>February</td>

<td>Rs.700</td>

</tr>

</table>