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    What Is Morphology

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    adalin barrientosquezada
    Morphology is the study of word forms and structure. It involves identifying the smallest meaningful units called morphemes that make up words. There are two main types of morphemes - free morphemes like stems that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes that cannot stand alone. Morphologists analyze words into their constituent morphemes and study how new words are formed through processes like compounding, derivation, and conversion.

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    What Is Morphology

    Uploaded by

    adalin barrientosquezada
    172 views19 pages
    Morphology is the study of word forms and structure. It involves identifying the smallest meaningful units called morphemes that make up words. There are two main types of morphemes - free morphemes like stems that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes that cannot stand alone. Morphologists analyze words into their constituent morphemes and study how new words are formed through processes like compounding, derivation, and conversion.

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    This pdf explains the meaning and the definition of morphology in englush language

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    What is morphology

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    Morphology is the study of word forms and structure. It involves identifying the smallest meaningful units called morphemes that make up words. There are two main types of morphemes - free morphemes like stems that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes that cannot stand alone. Morphologists analyze words into their constituent morphemes and study how new words are formed through processes like compounding, derivation, and conversion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    172 views19 pages

    What Is Morphology

    Uploaded by

    adalin barrientosquezada
    Morphology is the study of word forms and structure. It involves identifying the smallest meaningful units called morphemes that make up words. There are two main types of morphemes - free morphemes like stems that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes that cannot stand alone. Morphologists analyze words into their constituent morphemes and study how new words are formed through processes like compounding, derivation, and conversion.

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    of 19

    What is Morphology?

    G E N E R AL L I N G U I ST ICS
    2018
    What is morphology?
    The term morphology is generally attributed to the German poet, novelist, playwright, and philosopher
    Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), who coined it early in the nineteenth century in a biological
    context.

    Its etymology is Greek: morph- means ‘shape, form’, and -ology which means ‘the study of something’.

    Morphology is the study of form or forms.

    In biology morphology refers to the study of the form and structure of organisms, and in geology it refers to
    the study of the configuration and evolution of land forms.

    In linguistics morphology refers to the mental system involved in word formation or to the branch of
    linguistics that deals with words, their internal structure, and how they are formed.
    Morphemes
    They are the smallest linguistic pieces with a grammatical function.
    Morphologists investigate words, their internal structure, and how they are formed. They identify
    and study morphemes.
    A morpheme may consist of a word, such as hand, or a meaningful piece of a word, such as the –
    ed of looked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
    Consider the following word…
    Reconsideration
    We can break it into three morphemes:
    re-, consider, and -ation
    re - consider - ation -s
    Prefix The Stem Suffix Inflection

    The stem is a base morpheme


    The prefix is The suffix is also attached
    to which another morphological
    attached to the stem to the stem
    piece is attached.

    The stem can be simple, made up


    of only one part, or complex,
    itself made up of more than one
    piece. In this case is simple.

    It can also be considered the


    root.
    Parts of speech:
    Main divisions of word classes :
    Content Words Nouns
    (Open classes) Verbs
    (They carry the content of the word) Adjectives
    (They are called lexical morphemes) Adverbs
    ________________________ _______________________
    Function Words Conjunctions
    (Closed classes) Prepositions
    (They are called functional morphemes) Determiners
    Pronouns
    Within bound and free
    morphemes we can also make
    other distinctions!!
    Inflectional and derivational morphemes
    We can make a further distinction within the set of morphemes that are both bound and
    grammatical. Bound grammatical morphemes (those that don’t have a sense by themselves and,
    additionally, always occur in combinations) are commonly known as affixes. They can be further
    divided into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.
    Here is some of the evidence for the distinction between inflectional and derivational affixes
    Inflectional affixes
    English has only eight inflectional affixes:
    {PLU} = plural Noun -s boys
    {POSS} = possessive Noun -’s boy’s
    {COMP} = comparative Adj -er older
    {SUP} = superlative Adj -est oldest
    {PRES} = present Verb -s walks
    {PAST} past Verb -ed walked
    {PAST PART} = past participle Verb -en driven
    {PRES PART} = present participle Verb –ing driving
    Derivational afixes in English
    There are an indefinite number of derivational morphemes.
    For example, the following are some derivational suffixes:
    {ize} attaches to a noun and turns it into a verb: rubberize
    {ize} also attaches to an adjective and turns it into a verb: normalize
    {ful} attaches to a noun and turns it into an adjective: playful, helpful
    {ly} attaches to an adjective and turns it into an adverb: grandly, proudly
    A different {ly} attaches to a noun and changes it into an adjective: manly, friendly
    English also has derivational prefixes, such as: {un}, {dis}, {a}, {anti}, all of which indicate some
    kind of negation: unhappy, dislike, atypical, anti-aircraft.
    Practical activities
    Handouts
    Types of Word Formation
    1. Coinage
    2. Borrowing
    3. Compounding
    4. Blending
    5. Clipping
    6. Backformation
    7. Conversion
    8. Acronyms
    9. Derivation (affixes):
    Prefixation
    Suffixation
    Infixation
    AFFIXES

    Infixes are segmental strings that do not attach to the


    front or back of a word, but rather somewhere in the Circumfixes are affixes that come in two parts. One
    middle. The Tagalog infix -um- is illustrated below attaches to the front of the word, and the other to the
    (McCarthy and Prince 1993: 101–5; French 1988). It back.
    creates an agent from a verb stem and appears before One example is Indonesian ke ... -an. It applies to the
    the first vowel of the word stem besar ‘big’ to form a noun ke-besar-an meaning
    Root -um- ‘bigness, greatness’ (MacDonald 1976: 63; Beard 1998:
    (1) /sulat/ /s-um-ulat/ ‘one who wrote’ 62).
    (2) /gradwet/ /gr-um-adwet/ ‘one who graduated’

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