1. IT IS AS IF SOMEONE HAD GIVEN A PRESENT TO MY PEOPLE.

2. THEY WISH TO CAPTURE HIM, IF HE COMES THREAFTENING

3. IT IS UNEQUAL TO US
4. WULF IS ON AN ISLAND, I AM ON ANOTHER
5. THE ISLAND, SET IN THE FENS, IS FAST
6. MEN ARE BLOODTHIRSTY THERE, ON THAT ISLAND
7. I HAVE SUFFERED WITH DISTANT LONGINGS FOR MY WULF
8. THEN IT WAS RAINY WEATHER AND I SAT SAD
9. WHEN THE WARRIOR SURROUNDED ME WITH HIS ARMS
10. IT WAS JOY TO ME, TO SUCH EXTENT, IT WAS ALSO PAIN TO ME,
THOUGH.
11. WULF, MY WULF, YOUR ABSENCE, YOUR RARE COMINGS HAVE
MADE ME SAD, THAT MOURNING MOOD, NOT THE LACK OF FOOD
12. DO YOU HEAR, EADWACER? A WOLF SHALL CARRY OUR
WRENCHED BABY TO THE WOODS.
13. MEN EASILY SEPARATE THAT WHICH WAS NEVER JOINED, OUR
SONG TOGETHER.

Explain the syntactic pattern of verb giefan. THE VERB GIEFAN IS A

DITRANSITIVE VERB AND FREQUENTLY OCCURS WITH A HUMAN
RECIPIENT WHICH IS USUALLY CODED BY A DATIVE. THE NOUN MODIFIED
BY MINUM, LEODUM CAN PERFOM THIS FUNCTION

Describe the categorizing function of the adjective seoce- IN ACCUSATIVE

ELABORATES THE CHANGE OF STATE UNDERGONE BY ME AND
EXPRESSED BY GEDYDON.

1. 3 DAYS THERE ARE IN THE YEAR THAT WE CALL EGYPTIAN, THAT

IS IN OUR TONGUE DANGEROUS DAYS.
2. ON WHICH BY NO MEANS FOR NO NECESSITY LET EITHER MAN’S
OR BEAST’S BLOOD BE DIMINISHED.
3. THAT IS THEN THE NEAREST MONDAY TO THE END OF THE MONTH
THAT WE CALL APRIL.
4. THEN ANOTHER IS THE FIRST MONDAY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE
MONTH WE CALL AUGUST.
5. THEN THE THIRD IS THE FIRST MONDAY AFTER THE END OF THE
MONTH OF DECEMBER
6. WHOEVER DIMINISHED HIS BLOOD ON THESE THREE DAYS, BE IT
MAN, BE IT BEAST
7. OF HIM WE HAVE HEARD SAY THAT SOON ON THE FIRST DAY OR
THE FOURTH DAY HIS LIFE SHALL END
8. OR IF HIS LIFE IS LONGER, THEN HE SHALL NOT BECOME TO THE
SEVENTH DAY
 9. OR IF HE DRINKS SOME DRAUGHT IN THESE 3 DAYS HE SHALL END
HIS LIFE WITHIN FIFTEEN DAYS.
10. IF ANYONE ON THESE DAYS IS BORN, HE SHALL END HISLIFE BY AN
EVIL DEATH.
11. WHOEVER ON THESE SAME DAYS EATS FLESH OF GOOSE, HE SHALL
END HIS LIFE WITHIN 40 DAYS.

1.-ALL THESE ELEMENTS HAVE A CATAPHORIC FUNCTION. THE FIRST …IS

QUITE NEUTRAL RESPECT TO ORDINAL DENOTATION…IS OFTEN
TRANSLATED AS SECOND (ANOTHER) AND…REFERS TO THE THIRD BAD-
LUCK DAY

The relative in genitive form is not necessary but it’s a way of referring to sth that has
been mentioned before. It’s called recapitulatory pronouns. It helped the writers to
control the sentence.

.
2.-In this text we can find an asyndetic paratactic structure, identify and explain its
function. THE 2 CLAUSES ARE IN SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD AND QUALIFY THE
RELATIVE PRONOuN THAT OPENS UP THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE. THEY
BOTH PRESENT PARALLEL STRUCTURES.

Can hwa fulfil the function of a relative pronoun in old English. THIS IS AN
INTERROGATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUN, BUT IT IS NOT A RELATIVE
PRONOUN IN OLD ENGLISH

IT IS REFERRING FORWARD TO THE PRONOUN HE, WHICH IS THE SUBJECT

OF THE MAIN CLAUSE. THIS IS A CASE OF CATAPHORIC DEIXIS.

THE WHALE 3.-

1. NOW A SONG ABOUT A KIND OF FISH
2. I WILL NEXT TELL IN THE ART OF POETRY, IN VERSE
3. USING MY MEMORY, ABOUT THAT GREAT WHALE
4. HE IS OFTEN MET WITH BY UNWILLING SEAFARERS
5. DANGROUS AND CRUEL TO SAILORS
6. EVERY MAN GIVES HIM THE NAME
7. FASTITOCALON, SWIMMER OF THE ANCIENT SEAS

8. ITS SHAPE IS LIKE A ROUGH STONE

9. AS IF THE GREATEST OF SEA-REEDS SURROUNDED
10. BY SAND-DUNES WANDERED BY THE SEA SHORE
11. SO THAT THE SAILORS THOUGHT
12. THAT THEY WERE GAZING AT A CERTAIN ISLAND WITH THEIR EYES
13. AND THEN HID THEIR HIGH-PROWED SHIPS
14. IN THAT SUPPOSED LAND WITH ANCHOR ROPES
15. PLACED THEIR SEAHORSES AT THE WATER’S EDGE
16. AND THEN UPON THAT ISLAND
17. THE BOLD SPIRITED DISEMBARK, THE SHIPS REMAIN
18. SECURE BY THE SHORE, SURROUNDED BY THE TIDE
 19. THEN THE WEARY-HEARTED ENCAMP
20. THE SAILORS EXPECT NO DANGER
21. THEY KINDLE A FIRE ON THE ISLAND
22. A HIGH FIRE THEY SET ALIGHT AND THE HEROES ENJOY IT
23. THE EXHAUSTED MEN ARE PLEASED TO REST
24. THEN HE, SKILLED IN TREACHERY FEELS
25. THAT THE SAILORS ARE FIRMLY SETTLED UPON HIM
26. THEIR ENCAMPMENT OCCUPY ENJOYING THE WEATHER
27. THEN SUDDENLY INTO SALTY SEA
28. DARINGLY DEPARTS DOWNWARDS
29. THE GHOST OF THE SEA SETS OUT FOR THE BOTTOM
30. AND THEN IN THE HALL OF DEATH HOLDS BY DROWNING THEM
31. SHIPS AND MEN

What is the function of daes- THIS DEMONSTRATIVE IS NOT ACTING AS A

DETERMINER. IT IS IN GENITIVE CASE. IT REFERS TO THE ENTITY WHOSE
FORM IS AT ISSUE. THE GENDER OF THIS FORM CAN EITHER BE
MASCULINE OR NEUTER, BUT CONSIDERING THAT IT REFERS
ANAPHORICALLY TO THE WHALE, IT MUST BE THE FORMER.

.
SEMANTIC CASE OF GRUND- THE ACCUSATIVE HAS A LOCATIVE
FUNCTION, GRUND IS THE GOAL OF THE TRAJECTORY. THUS, IT IS A
MOTION RELATIONSHIP.

JESUS AND THE TAX GATHERER 4.-

1. At that time He made his way through Jericho.
2. there was a man named Zacchaeus, who was rich.
3. he wanted to see what the Lord was like.
4. he could not because of the crowd, bc he was short.
5. then he ran on ahead and climbed up into a mulberry tree so that he could see
Him.
6. for he knew He would pass that way.
7. then He came to this place, and the Lord saw him and said
8. Zaccaeus hurry up to your place bc I will stop at your house today.
9. then he hurried up and welcomed Him joyfully.
10. when they saw that, they all murmured and said that He went with sinful men.
11. then Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord
12. now I will give half of my property to the poor and if I defrauded anyone I will
give them back four times as much
13. then the Lord said to him
14. today salvation has come to this house bc he is a son of Abraham.
15. the son of Man came to search those who were lost and save them.

What is the function of the 2 infinitives in line 10- THEY EXPRESS PURPOSE

ENGLAND UNDER ATTACK 5.-

 1. In the year 991, Ipswich was attacked and after that, very soon ealdorman
Byrthnoth was slain at Maeldun.
2. and in that year it was decided for the first time that they should pay tribute to
the Danish because of the great terror they brought along the coast.
3. it should be 10 thousand pounds first. Arbishop SIGERIC…devised this plan
4. in the year 992, Oswald the blessed arbishop abandoned his life and reached the
heavenly.´´
5. an ealdorman…died in the same year.
6. at that time, the king and all his counsellors decided to gather all the ships of
value at London
7. and the king appointed ealdorman…earl thored, bishop…and bishop to lead the
army anywhere outside and they might try, if they could, to entrap the invading
army
8. at that time the nobleman …sent and ordered to warn the enemy
9. and then the night before the day when they might come together, he fled from
the enemy to his own great disgrace at night
10. and the enemy escaped with the exception of one ship, where everyone was
killed.
11. and the enemy met the fleet from east anglia and London
12. and there they made great slaughter of them, and they captured the ship
completely armed and equipped, where the nobleman was.

We have an analytic passive structure. Explain this type of structure. IT IS ARGUED

THAT ANALYTIC PASSIVE ARE THE RESULT OF COPYING EXACT LATIN
STRUCTURES. HOWEVER HERE WE HAVE 2 OPTIONS. THAT THIS
STRUCTURE SPREAD ITS USE OVER WRITTEN ENGLISH DURING THIS
PERIOD FROM LATIN. OR THAT IT WAS ALREADY PRESENT IN THE
LANGUAGE.

DESCRIBE THE WORD ORDER OF THIS CLAUSE- THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF

OVS WORD ORDER, WHICH HAS NOT SURVIVED TO PRESENT DAY
ENGLISH. THE LACK OF CASE ENDINGS WOULD HAVE MADE IT
IMPOSSIBLE TO REACH THE SPEAKER-WRITER’S MEANING. THE TIGER
ATTACKED THE LION VERSUS THE LION ATTACKED THE TIGER. IN OLD
ENGLISH CASE ENDINGS HELPS TO WORK OUT THE MEANING OF THESE
CLAUSES.

TEXTO 6.-
1. 1137. this year King Stephen travelled to Normandy over the sea and there he
was welcomed.
2. Because they thought that he should be just like his uncle was.
3. And because he still had his treasure.
4. But he had spent it and scattered it foolishly.
5. King Henry had gathered much gold and silver, and it did no good for his soul
thereof.
6. When King Stephen came to England, he held his council at Oxford.
7. And there he arrested Roger, bishop of Salisbury, and Alexander, Bishop of
Lincoln and Chancellor Roger.
8. His nephews, and he put them all in prison until they surrendered their castles.
9. When the traitors saw that he was a mild, soft and good man and he did no
injustice,
10. Then they committed all atrocities.
11. They had paid him homage and they had sworn oaths of allegiance
12. But they held none of their oaths.
13. All of them were forsworn and their oaths were broken
14. Because every great man made his castle and held it against him
15. And filled the whole land with castles.
16. They sorely oppressed the unhappy people of the country with castle building.
17. Once the castles were built, they filled them with devils and evil men.
18. Then they seized the people that they believed to have any goods
19. Both by night and day, men and women
20. And put them in prison and tortured them longing for gold and silver
21. Unspeakable torture, because no martyrs were ever punished as much as they
were.
22. They hung them by their feet and smoked them with foul smoke.
Indicate the nouns that the quantifier micel modifies. Also explain why this
quantifier does not precede directly these nouns. THE ADVERB MICEL-MUCH IS
DETERMINING GOLD AND SYLVER. IT SEEMS THAT THE ADJECTIVE MICEL HAS
BEEN FRONTED FOR PRAGMATIC REASONS WHILE THE REST OF THE MEMBERS
OF THE NP GOLD AND SYLVER OCCUPY THE EXPECTED POSITIONS. THE
MEANING OF THE LEXICAL ELEMENTS IN THE CLAUSE CAN SERVE AS AN AID TO
UNDERSTAND SPLIT NPS. GOLD AND SILVER ARE MATERIALS AND AS SUCH CAN
BE QUANTIFIED.

What type of relative pronoun do we find- we find a relative clause introduced

by pe. This type of relative pronoun will be replaced by the use of the
demonstrative dat.

Is there a counterpart for the structure alle he in present-day English? NO, THIS
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION NO LONGER EXISTS IN PRESENT-DAY ENGLISH

Texto 7.-the temptation of eve95

1. now take heed of what has come from looking

2. not one evil or two, but all the woe that now is, was, and
will ever be, all came from sight.
3. that this is true, look, here is the proof , Lucifer bc he saw
and contemplated himself, his own beauty, leaped into
pride
4. and become a loathsome evil from an angel
 5. of eve, our old mother, it is written that of all, her first sin
entrance was through her sight
6. saw the woman that the tree was good to eat and
beautiful to the eyes and fair to look at and delightful to
observe and she took the fruit of it and ate it and offered
it to her husband
7. but eve looked at the forbidden apple and it seemed fair
to her and took it to enjoy the sight and took her lust
towards it
8. and took and ate the fruit and gave it to her husband
9. look how the holy scriptures tell and how full of details it
narrates, how sin began
10. thus sin went before and made way to evil lust and the
deed came thereafter that all human kind feels
11. the apple dear sister symbolizes the things that lust and
delight of sin fall into
12. when you contemplate the man, you are in eve’s situation,
you look at the apple
13. someone said to eve when she put her eyes thereon
14. ah eve turn away, thus you put your eyes on your death
15. what did she answer
16. but dear sir you are wrong. Why are you accusing me. The
apple that I’m looking at is forbidden for me to eat and
not to behold.

Texto 8- the magnificence of arthur’s court

no one was ever born of any excellent knight, learned or unlearned.

1. in no nation at all, who could narrate in any kind of speech
half the wealth that was in caerleon.
2. of silver and of gold and good garments
3. and of high-born men that dwelt in the court, of horses
and of hawks and hounds for deers and the rich robes that
there were in the court.
4. and of all the people that dwelt on the earth, the people
of this land were said to be the most handsome and the
women were also delicious in form and the most
splendidly dressed and the most nobly bred.
5. bc they had all promised upon their very lives that each of
them would have clothes of one colour
6. some had white, some had red, some had bright green
and variegated cloth of any kind was unpleasant to them.
7. and they considered any lack of discipline unworthy
8. then the country of England had the best repute of all and
the people of this nation were most loved by their king
 9. the women of high-birth that lived in this land had all
promised upon the truth of their words that none would
take as husband any man in this land
10. were he not so well fashioned, unless he had been tested
3 times in combat
11. and his valour made known and his worth proven,
12. so that he could boldly claim a bride for himself.
13. for this same behaviour, knights were brave, women were
well-bred and the more virtuous.
14. then there was great joy in Britain.

What Is the counterpart of the genitive- in old English genitives describing a

noun usually preceded that noun. This construction is still found in early middle
English. The function it presents here is now fulfilled by an of PP

DOUBLE MARKING- THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE SHOWS THAT THE

CONSTITUENTS OF THE NP GOVERNED BY THE PREPOSITION FOR ARE IN
DATIVE CASE. FOR THIS SAME BEHAVIOUR. THIS IS A CASE OF DOUBLE
MARKING WHICH IS FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED IN VERSE.

SUPERLATIVE CONSTRUCTION LEODENE HENDEST- we find anADJECTIVE IN

SUPERLATIVE FORM PRECEDED BY A NOUN THAT CAN FUNCTIN AS A PARTITIVE
GENITIVE.

The owl and the nightingale

1. often when hounds hunt foxes
2. the cat himself lives very well
3. although he doesn’t know but one trick
4. the fox knows none so good
5. although he knows so many tricks
6. that he believes to take advantage of each hound
7. for he knows straight and devious ways
8. and he can hang from a bough
9. and so the hound lost his march
10. and turns again once more to the moor
11. the fox can creep by the hedges
12. and turns away from his former way
13. and once again he comes soon to this
14. then the smell of the hound is destroyed++++
15. he does not know by means of the confounded scent
16. whether he should go forward or backward
17. if the fox missed all of these tricks
18. at the end he creeps to a hole
19. but nevertheless with all his tricks
20. he cannot expect so himself
21. although he is vigorous and greatly active
22. that he did not lose his red fur
 23. the cat does not know any trick but one
24. neither by hills nor by fences
25. but he can clmb greatly well
26. threby he defends his grey fur
27. also I say by myself
28. better is my one thaN your twelve

DESCRIBE THE NEGATIVE STRUCTURE- THE ABSENCE OF A NEGATIVE ELEMENT

SUPPORTING NE. IN MIDDLE ENGLISH AS IN OLD ENGLISH NE CONTINUED TO
BE SUPPORTED BY OTHER ELEMENTS IN THE SENTENCE. THE ABSENCE OF A
FORMAL NEGATIVE ELEMENT HERE IS EXPLAINED BY THE PRESENCE OF
NEGATIVE ADVERB BUTE.

EXPLAIN THE NP THAT FUNCTIONS AS DIRECT OBJECT IN …THE FOX KNOWS

NONE SO GOOD. The head nanne is separated from the modifying adjective by
the verb clause.

What is the function of DONNE in line 14.- in this clause is an adverb. This
justifies subject verb inversion that would not have been acceptable if the
conjunction had played a subordinating role.
JESUS CALMS THE STORM
1. we read in today’s holy gospel
2. that our lord jesus Christ went once into one ship
3. and his disciples with him into the sea
4. and when they were in the ship
5. a great tempest of wind arose
6. and our lord went to sleep in the ship
7. before this tempest arouse
8. his disciples had great dread of this tempest
9. so they woke him up
10. and they said to him
11. lord save us
12. bc we perish
13. and he knew well
14. that they did not have good faith in him
15. then he said to them
16. what are you scared of people of little faith
17. then our lord arose
18. and took the wind and the sea
19. and it was quickly still
20. and the men also
21. the men that were in the ship
22. had seeN the miracle
23. that marvelled them greatly
24. this is the true miracle
25. that today’s gospel tells us
 26. therefore our faith shall be highly strengthened
27. in such a lord who such miracle may do and does when
he will
28. and it is our need
29. as he who helped them in peril
30. also helps us in our needs
31. that we ask him
32. to help us
33. and he will do it happily
34. if we ask him for mercy with good will
35. he himself also says in the holy scriptures
36. I am he says the salvation of men when they pray to me
37. int heir sorrow and int heir needs
38. I will help them and take away all their evil without end
39. we cry out for mercy to him
40. if the devil wants to bother us through sin, through pride
or envy
41. or through anger, or through other forms of diabolical sin
42. we cry out to him for mercy
43. and we tell him
44. lord, save us so that we do not perish
45. and that he frees us from all evils
46. and that he gives us such works to do in this world
47. that our souls might be saved on the judgment day
48. and go to the blessing of heaven

1.-explain direct object redeth- this is a complement clause functioning as the direct
object redeth. In regard to word order this clause has a pattern which does not differ
from present day constructions. The verb is in indicative mood.
This is a complement clause functioning as the direct object redeth. In regard to WO
this clause has a pattern which has not differ from present day constructions. The verb is
in indicative mood.

2.-.WHAT PROBLEM IN THE PASSIVE STRUCTURE. ITS ACTIVE COUNTERPART

WOULD HAVE THE SAME REFERENT IN THE SUBJECT AND DIRECT OBJECT
SLOTS. THIS IS REFLECTED IN THE USE OF HIM AS A REFLEXIVE PRONOUN.
THIS CONSTRUCTION IS QUITE RARE AND HAS NOT SURVIVED INTO THE
PRESENT-DAY LANGUAGE.

Its active counterpart would have the same referent in the subject and direct object
slots. This is reflected in the use of him as a reflexive pronoun. This construction is
quite rare and has not survived into the present-day English

3.-SO…SO CORRELATION PRESENT. THIS IS A REMNANT OF THE OLD

ENGLISH CORRELATION SO…SO WHERE THE FIRST SO CAN BE ANALYSED AS
A SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION INRODUCING A CLAUSE OF TIME WHEN
AND THE SECOND SO AS AN ADVERB THEN.
This is a remnant of the oe correlation so…so where the first so can be analysed as a
subordinating conjunction introducing a clause of time when, and the second so as an
adverb then.

THIS IS A REMNANT OF THE OE CORRELATION SO SO WHERE THE FIRST SO

CAN BE ANALYSED AS A SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION INTRODUCING A
CLAUSE OF TIME WHEN AND THE SECOND SO AS ADVERB THEN.

UNIT 3-
UNIT 5-
UNIT 6-(5)
UNIT 8-
UNIT 9-
UNIT 10

1. it is as if someone had given a present to my people

2. they wish to capture him, if he comes threatening
3. it is unequal to us
4. wulf is on an island, I am on another
5. the island set in the fens is fast
6. men are bloodthirsty there, on that island
7. they wish to capture him if he comes threatening
8. it is unequal to us
9. I have suffered with distant longings for my wulf
10. then it was rainy weather and I sat sad
11. when the warrior surrounded me with his arms
12. it was joy to me to such extent, it was also pain to me though
13. wulf, my wulf, your absence
14. your rare coming have made me sad
15. this mourning mood, not the lack of food
16. do you hear eadwacer, a wolf

1. it is as if someone had given a present to my people.

2. they wish to capture him, if he comes threatening
3. it is unequal to us
4. wulf is on an island, I am on another
5. the island set in the fens is fast
6. men are bloodthirsty there on that island
7. they wish to capture him, if he comes threatening
8. it is unequal to us
9. I have suffered with distant longings for my wulf
10. then it was rainy weather and I sat sad
11. when the warrior surrounded me with his arms
12. it was joy to me to such extent, it was also pain to me, though
13. wulf, my wulf, your absence
14. your rare comings, have made me sad
 15. this mourning mood, not the lack of food
16. do you hear eadwacer, a wolf shall carry our wrenched baby
17. to the woods
18. men easily separate that which was never joined
19. our song together

giefan is a ditransitive verb and frequently occurs with a human recipient, which is
usually coded by a dative. The noun modified by minum, leodum, can perform this
function.

The adjective seoce in accusative elaborates the change of state undergone by me and
expressed by gedydon.

1. 3 days there are in the year that we call Egyptian, that is in our tongue
dangerous days.
2. on which by no means for no necessity, let either man’s or beast’s blood be
diminished.
3. than is then the nearest Monday
4. to the end of the month that we call april
5. then another is the first Monday to the beginning of the month we call august
6. then the third is the first Monday after the end of the month of December
7. whoever diminishes his blood on these 3 days, be it man, be it beast,
8. of him we have heard say that soon on the first day or the 4th day his life
shall end. Or if his life is longer, he shall not become to the 7th day.
9. or if he drinks some draught his life shall end within 15 days
10. if anyone on these days is born, he shall end by an evil death
11. whoever on these same days eats flesh of goose, he shall end his life within
40 days.

The relative pronoun in genitive is not necessary but it’s used when referring to sth that
has been mentioned before. It is called recapitulatory pronoun and it was used by
writers to control the sentence.

They all have a cataphoric function. The first…is quite neutral respect ordinal
denotation, …

Both clauses are in subjunctive mood and they qualify the relative pronoun that opens
up the syntactic structure. They both present parallel structures.

It is referring to the pronoun he, the subject of the clause. It’s a cataphoric function.

It’s an interrogative and indefinite pronoun but not a relative one.

1. now a song about a kind of fish

2. I will next tell in the art of poetry, in verse
3. using my memory about that great whale
 4. he is often met with by unwilling seafarers
5. dangerous and cruel to sailors
6. every man gives him the name
7. fastitocalon, swimmer of the ancient seas
8. its shape is like a rough stone
9. as if the greatest of the sea-reeds surrounded
10. by sand-dunes and wandered by the sea-shore
11. so that the sailors thought
12. that they were gazing at certain island with their eyes
13. and then hid their high-prowed ships
14. in that supposed land with anchor ropes
15. placed their sea-horses at the water’s edge
16. and then upon that island
17. the bold-spirited disembark, the ships remain
18. secure by the shore, surrounded by the tide
19. then the weary-hearted encamp
20. the sailors expect no danger
21. they kindle a fire on the island
22. a high fire they set alight, the heroes enjoy it
23. the exhausted men are pleased to rest
24. then he skilled in treachery feels
25. that the sailors are firmly settled upon him
26. their encampment occupy enjoying the weather
27. then suddenly into salty sea
28. daringly departs downwards
29. the ghost of the sea sets out for the bottom
30. and then in the hall of death holds by drowning
31. ships and men

this is a case in which the accusative has a locative function. Grund is the goal of the
trajectory. It has a motion relationship.

This demonstrative is not acting as a determiner. It is in genitive case. It refers to the

entity whose form is at issue. The gender could be either masculine or neuter but
considering that it’s referring anaphorically to the whale it should be the former.

At that time he made his way through Jericho.

There was a man named zacaaeus

This is a case in which the accusative has a locative function.

Grund is the goal of the trajectory.
It has a motion relationship.

This demonstrative is not acting as a determiner.

It’s in genitive case.
It refers to the entity whose issue is at issue.
The gender of this form can be either masculine or neuter,b ut considering that it refers
anaphorically to the whale, it should be the former.
This demonstrative is not acting as a determiner. It’s in genitive case. It refers to the
entity whose form is at issue. The gender of this form can either be masculine or neuter
but considering that it refers anaphorically to the whale, it should be the former

This is a case in which the accusative has a locative function. Grund is the goal of the
trajectory. It has a motion relationship.
THIS DEMONSTRATIVE IS NOT ACTING AS A DETERMINER. IT IS IN
GENITIVE CASE. IT REFERS TO THE ENTITY WHOSE FORM IS AT ISSUE. THE
GENDER OF THIS FORM CAN EITHER BE MASCULINE OR NEUTER, BUT
CONSIDERING THAT IT REFERS ANAPHORICALLY TO THE WHALE, IT MUST
BE THE FORMER.

THIS IS A CASE IN WHICH THE ACCUSATIVE HAS A LOCATIFE FUNCTION.

GRUND IS THE GOAL OF THE TRAJECTORY. THUS IT IS A MOTION
RELATIONSHIP.

THIS DEMONSTRATIVE IS NOT ACTING AS A DETERMINER.

IT’S IN GENITIVE CASE. IT REFERS TOE HE ENTITY WHOSE FORM IS AT
ISSUE.
THE GENDER OF THE ENTITY CAN EITHER BE MASCULINE OR NEUTER,
BUT CONSICDERING THAT IT REFERS ANAPHORICALLY TO THE WHALE, IT
MUST BE THE FORMER.

THIS IS THE CASE IN WHICH THE ACCUSATIVE HAS A LOCATIVE

FUNCTION.
GRUND IS THE GOAL OF THE TRAJECTORY. IT IS A MOTION RELATIONSHIP.

IT IS ARGUED THAT ANALYTIC PASSIVE ARE THE RESULT OF COPYING

EXACT LATIN STRUCTURES, THAT THIS STRUCTURE SPREAD ITS USE
OVER WRITTEN ENGLISH DURING THIS PERIOD, OR THAT IT WAS
ALREADY PRESENT IN THE LANGUAGE.

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF OVS WORD ORDER, IT HAS NOT SURVIVED IN

PRESENT DAY. THE LACK OF CASE ENDINGS WOULD HAVE MADE IT
IMPOSSIBLE TO REACH THE SPEAKER’S MEANING. THE TIGER…
IN OE ENDINGS HELPS TO WORK OUT THE MEANING OF THESE CLAUSES.

THIS DEMONSTRATIVE IS NOT ACTING AS A DETERMINER.

IT’S IN GENITIVE CASE.
IT REFERS TO THE ENTITY WHOSE FORM IS AT ISSUE.
THE GENDER OF THIS FORM CAN EITHER BE MASCULINE OR NEUTER
BUT CONSIDERING THAT IT REFERS ANAPHORICALLY TO THE WHALE, IT
MUST BE THE FORMER.

THIS IS A CASE OF ACCUSATIVE WITH A LOCATIVE FUNCTION.

GRUND IS THE GOAL OF THE TRAJECTORY
THUS IT HAS A MOTION RELATIONSHIP
IT IS ARGUED THAT ANALYTIC PASSIVES ARE THE RESULT OF COPYING
EXACT LATIN STRUCTURES. THIS STRUCTURE SPREAD ITS USE OVER
WRITTEN LANGUAGE DURING THIS PERIOD FROM LATIN OR THAT IT WAS
ALREADY PRESENT IN THE LANGUAGE.

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF OVS WORD ORDER WHICH HAS NOT SURVIVED

TO PRESENT DAY ENGLISH.
THE LACK OF CASE ENDINGS WOULD HAVE MADE IMPOSSIBLE TO REACH
THE SPEAKER’S MEANING . THE TIGER…IN OE ENDINGS HELP TO WORK
OUT THE MEANING OF THESE CLAUSES.

THE ADVERB MICEL IS DETERMINING GOLD AND SILVER. IT SEEMS THAT

IT WAS FRONTED FOR PRAGMATIC REASONS WHILE THE REST OF THE
COMPONENTS OF THE NP OCCUPY THEIR EXPECTED POSITIONS, GOLD
AND SILVER.
THE MEANING OF THE LEXICAL ELEMENTS CAN SERVE AS AN AID TO
UNDERSTAND SPLIT NPS, GOLD AND SILVER ARE MATERIALS AND AS
SUCH CAN BE QUANTIFIED.

WE FIND A RELATIVE CLAUSE INTRODUCED BY PE.

THIS TYPE OF RELATIVE PRONOUN WILL BE REPLACED BY THE USE OF
THE DEMONSTRATIVE DAT.

NO, THIS TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION NO LONGER EXISTS IN PRESENT DAY

ENGLISH

IN OE GENITIVES DESCRIBING A NOUN, USUALLY PRECEDED THAT NOUN.

THIS STRUCTURE IS STILL FOUND IN EARLY ME. THIS FUNCTION IS NOW
FULFILLED BY AN OF PP.

THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE NP GOVERNED BY THE PREPOSITION FOR ARE

IN DATIVE CASE: FOR THIS SAME BEHAVIOUR. THIS IS A CASE OF DOUBLE
MARKING WHICH IS FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED IN VERSE.

THIS IS THE CASE OF AN ADJECTIVE IN SUPERLATIVE FORM, PRECEDED

BY A NOUN THAT CAN FUNCTION AS A PARTITIVE GENITIVE.

THE ABSENCE OF A NEGATIVE ELEMENT SUPPORTING NE.

IN MD AND OE NE CONTINUED TO BE SUPPORTED BY OTHER ELEMENTS
IN THE SENTENCE. THE ABSENCE OF A FORMAL NEGATIVE ELEMENT
HERE IS EXPLAINED BY THE PRESENCE OF NEGATIVE ADVERB UTE

THE HEAD NANNE IS SEPARATED FROM THE MODIFYING ADJECTIVE BY

THE VERB CLAUSE.

IN THIS CLAUSE IS AN ADVERB. THIS JUSTIFIES SUBJECT VERB INVERSION

THAT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ACCEPTABLE IF THE CONJUNCTION HAD
PLAYED A SUBORDINATING ROLE.º