COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF FLEXURAL STRENGHT OF CONCRETE a = L / 3 – 5%L EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH

CYLINDRICAL SPECIMEN (Using Simple Beam with Third Point Loading)

3. If the fracture occurs in the
I. APPARATUS: I. APPARATUS: tension surface outside of the In evaluating the strength of concrete, it
1. Compression Testing Machine Flexural Tester (Capacity–30,000lbs) middle third of the span length is essential that following principal factors or
variable which are known to influence it are given
(Capacity – 250,000 lbs) by more than 5% of the span due consideration:
2. Capping Fixtures II. PROCEDURE: length, discard the result of the
3. Melting Pot test. 1.Characteistics and Proportion of Ingredients
1. Measures the average depth of
II. MATERIALS: the test specimen. The strength of concrete is influenced by
1. Capping Compound (Melted 2. Adjust the test span of the tester the quality of its ingredients – cement and
Leadite or Sulfur) such that is it three (3) times the aggregates. Gradation, particle shape and
average depth of the test surface texture of aggregates are characteristics
III. PROCEDURES: specimen. which are particularly important. However, even
3. Place the specimen on the the last quality of ingredients will not produce
support blocks of the tester. strong concrete if the ingredients are not
1. After removal from curing room, proportioned in accordance with the accepted
cap the specimen as soon as 4. Apply the load rapidly up to
approximately 50 % of the methods of designing concrete mixture.
practicable with the melted
capping compound to distribute expected load continuously at 2. Maximum Size of Aggregate
the applied load uniformly during the rate between 125 and
the test. 175psi. The maximum size of aggregate has a
2. Determine the diameter of the significant effect on the compressive strength for
test specimen to the III. CALCUALTIONS: a given cement content. If the cement content is
constant, the compressive strength is increased
measurement 0.01 in.(0.25 mm) as the maximum size of the aggregate is
measured at the right angles to 1. If the fractures occurs in the
tension surface within the middle increased. Stated differently, it means that less
each other at about mid-height cement will be needed to maintain the same
of the specimen. The average third of the span length,
strength if the maximum size of aggregate is
diameter will be used to calculate the modulus of rupture increased.
calculate the cross sectional as follows:
2
area of the specimen. R = PL / b d 3. Water – Cement Ratio
3. Place the specimen at the table Where:
of the compression tester The influence of water – cement ratio
R =Modulus of Rupture, psi on strength stated by duff Abrams in 1918 marked
directly under the upper bearing P =Maximum Applied Load, lbf the most useful advancement in the history of
block. L =Span Length, in concrete. Other factors equal, the lower the water
4. Apply the load continuously and b =Ave. width of specimen, in – cement ratio the higher is the strength of
without shock at a rate of travel d =Ave. depth of specimen, in concrete. If water is added to the mixture after it
of 20 to 50 psi/sec. Until the has been discharge from the mixer, the strength
specimen falls. 2. If the fractures occurs in the is decreased if no additional cement is added.
5. Record the maximum load tension surface outside the
carried by the specimen during 4. Curing
middle third of the span length,
the test. calculate the modulus of rupture The strength of concrete will
as follows: continue to develop for a number of years if
IV. CALCULATION: 2
R = 3Pa / bd water in the mix is not lost through drying. In
Compressive Strength = Where: structures which are not moist – cured and
= Maximum Load =P a = distance between the remain substantially dry after construction,
Cross-sectional Area - sq.in. A line of fracture and the nearest the strength of concrete will never reach the
support on the tension surface of the potential strength as indicated by the 28-
Note: Neither end of the compressive test specimen s when
beam, in. days compressive strength of control
establish shall depart from perpendicularity to the axis be more
than 0.5 (Approximately equivalent to 1/8” in 12”) specimens. Strength development stops at
an early age if concrete is exposed to dry air EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF location of cores shall be when two lanes are poured
with no previous moist curing. CONCRETE determine by the Structural concurrently.
Engineer so that there will be
5. Moisture content at Time of Test least impairment of strength of
b) Each lot will be divided into five (5)
the structure. equal segments and one (1) core
For specimen tested in There are factors to be considered in 3. Concrete in the area will be obtain from each segment.
compression, a dry specimen will give a the evaluation and acceptance, namely: represented by the cores will be c) The allowable tolerance in
higher strength than a companion cylinder considered adequate if the pavement thickness is 25 mm.
which has been soaked in water immediately A. Strength of concrete – Applicable average strength of the cores is d) If the actual thickness of pavement
prior to testing. It is the opposite in the case for both Structural Concrete (Item equal to or at least 85% of fc’, exceeded the required thickness by
of specimens tested in flexure, where moist 405) and Paving Concrete (Item and if no single core is less than more than 5 mm, the credited
or soaked specimens will give higher flexural 311). 75% of, the specified strength thickness equal to required
strength than companion specimens which B. Thickness Determination of fc’. thickness plus 5 mm (Credited T =
Required T + 5mm).
are dry at the time of test. Concrete – Applicable only to 4. If there is a strength deficiency e) If the actual thickness of pavement
Paving Concrete (Item 311). in the concrete specimen per is less than the required thickness
6. Size of Specimen preceding paragraph one, and it by more than 25 mm, obtain core at
A. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE is not feasible, or not advisable 5.0 meter interval in each direction
A standard compression test to obtain cores from the from the affected location until a
specimen is cylindrical with a height twice Pursuant to ministry order No. 12 structure due to the structural core is found in each direction which
the diameter. Smaller specimen will give dated February 27, 1981 and as considerations, payment of the is not deficient in thickness by more
higher strength than the bigger specimens. A adopted in the 1988 DPWH concrete will be made at an than 25 mm.
12” x 24” specimen will give lower strength Standard Specifications for adjusted price due to strength f) Compute the average thickness of
pavement per lot and refer to table
than a 6” x 12” specimen obtained from the Highways, Bridges, and Airport, deficiency of concrete II.
same concrete mix and assuming that all Volume II, the criteria in the specimens as specified in the
other pertinent factors are equal. This is due evaluation and acceptance for both following table: II. Adjustment of Payment for Thickness
to the possible faster strength Gain of the Structural Concrete and Paving
smaller specimen. However, as the age Concrete are as follows: CONCRETE STRENGTH When the average thickness of the
increases the difference in strength due to DEFICIENCY pavement per lot is deficient,
difference in size tends to equalize. 1. The strength level of concrete payment of the lot shall be adjusted
will be considered satisfactory if Deficiency in Strength Percent of Contract as follows:
Of Concrete Specimen Price Allowed
7. Rate of Load Application the average of all sets of three Less than 5 100 % TABLE II
consecutive strength test results 5 to less than 10 80 %
The standard rate of loading in equal or exceed the specified 10 to less than 15 70 % Deficiency in the average Percent of Contract
compression test is 20 to 50 psi per second. strength fc’, and no individual 15 to less than 20 60 % Thickness per Lot (mm) Price per Lot
20 to less than 25 50 %
If the test specimen is loaded at a slower strength test result is deficient 25 or more 0% 0–5 100 % payment
rate, the strength is lower than when it by more than 15% of the 6 – 10 95 % payment
loaded at the standard rate; a faster rate of specified strength fc’. B. THICKNESS SETERMINATION OF 11 – 15 85 % payment
load application will result in higher 2. Concrete deemed to be not CONCRETE 16 – 20 70 % payment
strengths. acceptable using the above 21 – 25 50 % payment
I. Tolerance and Pavement Thickness more than 25 Remove and Replace
criteria may be rejected unless ( No Payment)
the contractor can provide
evidence, by means of core a) The completed pavement shall be
accepted on a lot basis.
tests, than the quality of
concrete represented by failed 1. A lot shall be considered as
test results is acceptable in – 1000 linear meters of pavement
place. At least three when a single traffic lane is
representative cores shall be poured.
taken from each member or 2. A lot shall be considered as 500
area of concrete in place that is linear meters of pavement
considered deficient. The
FINAL REPORT ON CORE BORING TEST

REMARKS

STATION OF CORE TAKEN

+ 150 LLSta. 0 + 050 RL

# 4# X#4 – B# 3# 2# 1
Deficient in thickness be more

CORE ID
than 2 mm

+ 250 RL

# 5# 4 – FY
CREDITED THICKNESS, cu.m.

--17.519.520.520.020.5

SLUMP TEST FOR CONSISTENCY OF

+ 345 LL
Total Credited Thickness = 154.5 cm PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
Ave. Credited Thickness = 19.3 cm
AASHTO Designation: T 119 – 94
(ASTM Designation: C 143 – 74)

Remarks:
Apparatus:

+ 349
1. Station limit of thickness that failed to 1. Galvanized mold, No. 16 gage (frustrum of a
meet the allowable tolerance: Sta. 0 + cone with a base diam. Of 8 in. and height of
20.019.017.5

349 to Sta. 0 + 351.25 (L = 2.25 m) 12 in.)

2. Area that failed to meet the tolerance in 2. Scoop

+ 350 LL
pavement thickness requirement: W x L 3. Trowel
= 6.10m x 2.25m = 13.725 sq.m. 4. Tamping Rod (5/8” dia., L = 24 in. with one
3. Percent of contract price allowed for end bullet pointed at the lower end)
payment of item 311 due to deficient in
thickness: Procedure:
AVERAGE THICKNESS, cu.m.

17.017.519.521.020.020.5

Deficiency in Thickness = Reqd. 1. Dampen the mold and place on a flat moist
Thickness – Ave. Credited Thickness non-absorbent surface
= 20.0 – 19.3 2. Fill the mold with concrete in three layers,
= 0.70 cm (7.0mm) each approximately one-third the volume of
within 6mm to 10 mm the mold. In placing the concrete, move the
+ 351.25

(refer to Table) scoop-full around the top edge of the mold as

the concrete slides from it, in order to insure
Therefore, 95 % payment of symmetrical distribution of concrete within the
contract price for item 311 is allowed. mold.
3. Each layer should be rodded with 25 stroke of
a 5/8” diameter rod having a length of 24 in.
and bullet-pointed at the lower end. The
+ 355 LL

stroke should be distributed in a uniform

manner over the cross section of the mold
and should penetrate into the underlying layer
20.019.017.5

by ½ inch.
4. After the top layer has been rodded, strike off
the surface of the concrete with a trowel so
+ 450 RL

that the mold is exactly filled.

5. Remove the mold from the concrete by
raising it carefully in a vertical direction, then
measure immediately the slump by
determining the difference between the height
of the mold and the height of the concrete:
 the sun, wind, and other sources of rapid
Slump = 12” – height of the evaporation, and from contamination.
concrete after its
subsidence 3. PROCEDURE

6. After the slump measurement is completed, Size of Sample – Make the sample to be
tap gently the sides of the concrete frustum used for strength tests a minimum of 1 cu.ft.
with the tamping rod. The behavior of the
concrete under this treatment is a valuable a. Sampling from Stationary Mixers,
indication of the cohesiveness, workability, Except Paving Mixers –
and placeability of the mix. A well
proportioned workable mix will gradually Sample the concrete at two or more
slump to lower elevation and return its original regularly spaced intervals during
identity, while a poor mix will crumble, discharge of the middle portion of the
segregate and fall apart. batch. Take the samples within the time
limit of 15 minutes and composite them
into one sample for test purposes. Do
not obtain samples from the very first or
last portions of the batch discharge.
Note: Perform sampling by passing a
STANDARD METHOD OF receptacle completely through the STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR
A slump test is measure of consistency in SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE discharge stream or by completely UNIT WEIGHT AND YIELD OF CONCRETE
concrete. It is the difference between the AASHTO Designation: T 141 – 74 diverting the discharge into a sample AASHTO Designation: T 121 – 82
height of the mold and the height of the (ASTM Designation: C 172 – 71) container. (ASTM Designation: C 138 – 77)
vertical axis of the specimen once it is
separated from the mold. 1. SCOPE b. Sampling from Paving Mixers –
I. APPARATUS
In construction work, it is the last barrier or This method describes the procedures for Sample the concrete after the
“Go or No Go” point before the concrete is obtaining representative samples of fresh contents of the paving mixer have been 1. Balance
placed, and a lot depends on the results. The concrete as delivered to the project site and discharge. Obtain samples from at 2. Tamping Rod – round, straight steel rod, 16
common mistakes that should be avoided are: on which tests are to be performed to least five different portions of the pile mm in diameter 60 mm in length
1.) Poor sampling 2.) Neglecting to ampen the determine the compliance with quality and then composite into one sample for and rounded tamping end
core 3.) Improper rodding 4.) An unstable requirements of the specifications under test purposes. Avoid contamination with 3. Measure – a cylindrical container made from
base, and 5.) Wrong type of rod – and the test which the concrete is furnished. The methods sub-grade materials or prolong contact metal that is not readily attacked by
results bears little relation to actual concrete include sampling from stationary, paving and with an absorptive sub-grade. cement paste
equality. truck mixers, and from agitating and non- - Watertight and sufficiently rigid to
agitating equipment used to transport central c. Sampling from Revolving drum / Truck retain its form and calibrated volume
mixed concrete. Mixers or Agitators – under rough used

2. SAMPLING Sample the concrete at two or more Minimum Capacity of Measures

regularly spaced intervals during
The elapsed time between obtaining the first discharge of the middle portion of the Max. Nominal Size Capacity of
and the final portions of the composite batch. Take the samples within the time Of Coarse Agg., mm Measures, ltr
samples shall be as short as possible, but in limit specified for sampling fresh
no instance shall it exceed 15 minutes. concrete and composite them into one 25.0 6.0
sample for test purposes. In any case 37.5 11.0
Transport the individual samples to the place do not obtain samples from the first or 50.0 14.0
where fresh concrete test are to be performed last portions of the batch discharge. 75.0 28.0
or where test specimens are to be molded. Sample by repeatedly passing a 114.0 71.0
They shall then be combined and re-mixed receptacle through the entire discharge 152.0 99.0
with a shovel to ensure uniformity. stream or by completely diverting the
discharge into a sample container. Dimension of Measures
Start tests for slump or air content, or both, Regulate the rate of the discharge of
within 5 minutes after the sampling is the batch by the rate of revolution of Capacity Inside Inside Thickness Metal Size of
(liters) Dia. Height Of Wall Agg.
completed. the drum and not by the size of the Bottom Max.
(mm) (mm) (mm)
gate opening. (mm) (mm)
Start molding test specimens for strength
within 15 minutes after fabricating the 3 155+/-2 160+/-2 5.0 2.5 12.5
composite sample. Keep the elapsed time 10 205+/-2 305+/-2 5.0 2.5 25.0
between obtaining and using the samples as 15 255+/-2 295+/-2 5.0 3.0 40.0
short as possible and protect the sample from 30 355+/-2 305+/-2 5.0 3.0 100.0
 penetrate about 25 mm into the - Followed by 2 minutes final
4. Strike-Off – flat rectangular plate, 6 mm thick underlying layers mixing
or glass or acrylic plate, 12 mm - after each layer is rodded, tap the Note: Cover open top wile resting.
thick. sides of the measure smartly 10 to
-- Length and width at least 50 mm 15 times with the appropriate mallet Discharge concrete to mixing pan and remix
greater than the diameter of the - add final layer so as to avoid using shovel until uniform in appearance.
measure. overfilling
5. Mallet – with rubber or rawhide head, 0.57+/- - 25 strokes if the measure used is Curing
0.23 kg for 14 liters or smaller 14-liters or smaller in capacity - cover immediately after molding
measures, 1.02+/-0.23 kg for measures - 50 strokes for 28-liter measure - remove from mold not less than 20 nor
larger than 14 liters capacity measure. 3. Internal Vibration more than 48 hours after molding
- Fill and vibrate in two equal layers - storage during the first 48 hours should be
II. CALIBRATION OF MEASURE - Insert vibrator at three different vibration-free
(AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 19-80) points for each layer
- In compacting the bottom layer, do
1. Weigh empty measure not allow the vibrator to rest on or
2. Fill the measure with water at room touch the bottom or sides of the
temperature measure
3. Determine the net weight of water in the - In compacting the final layer, the
measure vibrator shall penetrate into the MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMEN
4. Measure the temperature of the water and underlying layer approximately 25 MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMEN IN THE FIELD
determine its unit weight, from the following mm IN THE LABORATORY AASHTO Designation: T 23
table ( interpolate if necessary) - The duration of vibration will depend AASHTO Designation: T 126-76 (ASTM Designation: C 31)
upon the workability of the concrete (ASTM Designation: C 192-76)
Unit Weight of Water and effectiveness of the vibrator
- (note: Usually, sufficient vibration has No. Of Specimen – 3 or more for each test age or A. COMPRESSION TEST SPECIMENS
Temperature kg/cu.m. been applied as soon as the condition
surface of the concrete 1. Size of Specimens
F C becomes relatively smooth) PREPARATION OF MATERIALS:
Diameter = 3 x max. nominal size of
60 15.6 999.01 4. Strike-Off Temperature – 20 to 25 degrees C aggregate
65 18.3 998.54 - After the consolidation, strike- Height = 2 x diameter
70 21.1 997.97 off the top surface of he Cement – Shall pass through 1.18 mm (No. 16) or
75 23.9 997.32 concrete and finish it smoothly finer sieve 2. Molding
80 26.7 996.59 with the flat strike-off plate - All lumps must be rejected - Fill the mold in 3 layers of
85 29.4 995.83 approximately equal volume
5. Cleaning and Weighing MIXING PROCEDURE: - Rod each layer with a bullet-shaped
5. Calculate the factor for the measure by - After the strike-off, clean all tamping rod at lower end
dividing the unit weight of the water by the excess concrete from the A. Hand Mixing - The strokes shall be distributed
weight required to fill the measure. exterior of the measure and – mix cement and fine aggregate uniformly over the cross-section of the
determine the net mass of the without water (and admixture, if mold and shall just penetrate into the
III. SAMPLE – Obtain the sample of freshly mixed concrete. any) underlying layer
concrete in accordance with the Standard - mix coarse aggregate without - The bottom layer shall be rodded
Sampling of Fresh Concrete. (AASHTO 6. Calculation water throughout its depth
DESIGNATION: T 141) - add water (and admixture - Tap the side of the mold to close the
Unit Weight = (Net Mass of the concrete) X “solution” if used until the concrete voids left by they tamping rod
IV. PROCEDURE (Calibration Factor of measure) is homogeneous - After the top layer has been rodded,
the surface of the concrete shall be
1. Consolidation – consolidate by rodding for Yield = (Total Mass of Batch) / (Unit Weight of B. Machine mixing struck off with a trowel and cover with
concrete having a slump greater than 75 mm, Concrete) a glass or metal plate to prevent
by rodding or vibration if the slump is 25 to 75 Step 1 – Prior to starting rotation, add coarse evaporation
mm, and by vibration if the slump is less than Cement Content aggregate, some of the mixing water,
25 mm = Mass of Cement in the Batch and the solution of admixture, if
2. Rodding – place the concrete in the measure Volume of the Batch required.

75502525

100 (4)-
in three layers of approximately Step 2 – Start mixer and add fine aggregate,
equal volume cement and water while running.
- rod the bottom layer throughout its
depth but the rod shall not forcibly If Step 2 is not possible
strike the bottom of the measure - Stop mixer
- distribute the strokes uniformly - Add other ingredients
over the cross section of the - Mix for 3 minutes
measure and for the top two layers, - Followed by 3 minutes rest
 Approximate Depth / Layer, mm (in)

Rod diameter, mm (inches)

1 for each 14 sq.cm. (2 sq.in.) of Surface1 for each 7 sq. cm. (sq.in.) of Surface25

Mode of Compaction
No. of Strokes per Layer

No. of Layers Required

Over 460 (18)300(12) -460(18)Over 300 (12)Up to 300 (12) VibrationVibrationRoddingRodding 3 or more2 equalas required3 equal200(8) as near as practicblehalf depth

No. of Strokes per Layer

16 (5/8)10 (3/8)
Rod Size and No. of Strokes per Layer

No. of Layers osdoso

No. of Roddings per Layer / Rod Diameter

No. of Strokes/Layer
Consolidation by Vibrator
 Use 3 insertion of the vibrator at
different points for each layer
 Allow the vibration to penetrate
through layer being vibrated, and
into layer below, approximately 25
mm (1 inch)

Depth, mm (in) VibrationVibrationRoddingRodding

3. Curing
 After molding cover top with wet
burlap and store in a cold place
 Remove from mold after 24

310 (50) or more165 – 310 (26 – 49)160 (25) or less

Top Surface area of Specimen, sq.cm. (sq.in.)
hours and soak in water more

No. of Layers 200 (3) or as near as practicableDepth of Sample100 (4)Half Depth

than 7 days prior to the time of
test (tests shall be kept in the

No. of Layers
field at least three-fourths of the
Mm (inc)Rod Diameter

16 (5/8)16 (5/8)16 (5/8)10 (3/8)

test period)
 While in the laboratory the
specimen shall be kept at
laboratory temperature until 24
to 48 hours before testing

General Rules:
1. Take samples from at least
three parts of the load
2. Use only non-absorptive molds

Over 200 (8)150 – 200 (6 – 8)Over 200 (8)150 – 200 (6 – 8)

3. Fill in three equal layers, rod
each layer 25 times with
spherical-nose rod
Mode of Compaction

4. Let cylinder stand undisturbed

from 12 to 24 hours, with tops
covered at temperature
250 (10)200 (8)150 (6)100 (4)
Mm (inc)Cylinder Dia.

between 60 and 80 F (20 – 26

C)
5. Pack cylinders carefully in
sawdust and ship to laboratory
for testing.

B. FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS

1. Size of Sample

2 or more13 or more2 equal

Depth = 3 x max. nominal size
No. of Cylinder mm (in.)

of aggregate
Width = depth or may be wider
by not more
Than half
Length = 3 x depth + 2 inches
or more

10 (3/8)
2. Molding
 Fill the mold with concrete in layers
of approximately 75 mm (3 inches) in Consolidation by vibration – Insert the
depth vibrator at intervals not exceeding 150 mm (6 in)
 Rod each layer 50 times for each along the centerline of the long dimension of the
square foot ( or 1 stroke for each 2 specimen. For specimens wider than 150 mm (6
square inches) in.), use alternating insertions along two lines.
 After each layer is rodded, the Allow the shaft of the vibrator to penetrate into the
concrete shall be spaded along the
sides and ends with a mason’s
bottom layer approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
trowel or other suitable tools
 When the rodding and spading 3. Curing
operations is completed, the top
shall be struck off with a straightedge
 - After molding tests specimens, and natural sand having a fineness modulus of Table 1

263134374146

For Less Workable Concrete as Pavement Manufacture sandEach 25 mm increase or decrease in slumpEach 0.1 increase or decrease in fineness Modulus of Sand
Changes in Conditions Stipulated in Table V
Sand % of Total Aggregate by
immediately cover molds with wet 2.75.

Absolute Volume cu.m.

burlap and store in a cold place
- Let tests specimens stand undisturbed in For mixes having either proportions, see

20.7 ( 3,000 )
Minimum compressive Strength of 150 mm x 300 mm Concrete Cylinder
their molds for 24 – 48 hours at 60 – adjustment below
80F
- Immediately after removal, soak

Liters

31363942465156 146163172181192199214 146163172181192199214

Adjustment of Above Table for Other Conditions

- 4.7 kg+ 8.9 kg+ or – 3 %00

Effect on Values in Table V
Net Water Content per cu.m.
specimens in water
- Cure samples 4 to 7 days at the project

16.5 ( 2,400 )
site

Specimen at 28 days Mpa (Psi)

Maximum size of Aggregate, mm (in.)(Table V)

150.0 (6)75.0 (3)50.0 (2)37.5 (1 ½)25.0 (1)19.0 (3/4)12.5 (1/2)

Note: Specimens made to determine

Net Water Content

when placed concrete is ready for traffic
should remain in them molds for 44 – 52

Kgs.
hours. Then stored as near as possible to

20.7 (3,000 )
the installation they represent and cured

Angular Course Aggregate

the same.

GENERAL RULES:

37.7 ( 5,000 )
1. Take samples from at least three parts of
the load.

Sand % of Total Aggregate by

2. Use rigid non-absorptive, water - tight

- 3 + 30+ or ½+ or – 1
Absolute Volume cu.m.
molds at least 6” x 6” in cross section.
3. Oil molds lightly before filling, fill molds in 3

20.7 ( 3,000 )
– inches deep layers and rod each layer
once for each 2 sq.in. of area.
4. Spade all sides with a trowel, strike off top
with a straightedge, and finish with a
wood float.

Percent Sand
5. Cover test beams immediately with a
double layer of wet burlap and let
specimens stand undisturbed for 24 hours
at temperatures between 60 to 80 F.
liters

131148157166178184199 131148157166178184199
Net Water Content per cu.m.
Rounded Course Aggregate

Kg.

decrease in Water – Cement

Each 0.055 increase or

ratio

APPROXIMATE SAND AND WATER

CONTENTS PER CUBIC METER OF
CONCRETE
5
1

Based on mix having a water – cement

ratio of 0.57 by weight of 22.8 kg per bag of
cement ( 22.8 L/bag of cement), 75.0 mm slump
 ( 1” – No. 4 )25 – 4.75( 1” – No. 4)25 – 4.75( ¾” – No. 4)19 – 4.75( 2 ½” – No. 4)63 – 4.75( 2” – No. 4 )50 – 4.75

0.53 ( 4 – 8 )100 – 200( 4 ) max.100 max.( 2 – 4 )50 – 100( 2 – 4 )50 – 100( 2 – 4 )50 – 100

A (9.5)f380(11.0)440(9.5)380(8.0)320(9.0)360
(bag #)Cement Content per cu.m.
Designated Size of Coarse Aggregate Square Opening, Std,, mm (Alternate)

( inch ) Range in Slump

Consistency
Mm

Minimum
Kg
Class

B
C
P
SEAL
Uses of Each Class of Concrete
SAMPLNG REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING
Class A: All superstructures and heavily reinforced Of Common Construction Materials
substructures. For slabs, beams, girders,
columns, arch ribs, box culverts, reinforced
abutments, retaining walls and reinforced SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS FOR
footings. TESTING
of Common
Maximum Water – Cement

Class B: Footings, pedestals, massive pier shafts, pipe Construction

bedding, and gravity walls, unreinforced or Materials
with only a small amount of reinforcement.

0.58
Ratio kg/kg

MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QUANTITY

Class C: Thin reinforced section, railings for filler in REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLE TO BE
steel grid floors precast piles and cribbing. SUBMITTED FOR
0.55

TESTING
Class P: Prestressed concrete structures and
0.49

members.
1 Cement 1 - sample per 2,000 10 kgs
Seal : Concrete deposited in water.
0.58

bags
2 Asphaltic 1 (S) per 40 tonnes 5 liters
Materials or 200 drums
3 Asphalti Mix 1-(S) per 130 tonnes 20 kgs (Complete)
4 Aggregates
a.)Coarse 70 kgs
Aggregates
b.) Fine 50 kgs
Aggregates
5 Soil 1-(S) per 1,500
Aggregates cu.m.
a.) 20 kgs
Classification
b.) Routinary 50 kgs
Test
c.) Moisture
Density
Relation & 50 kgs
CBR
6 Non - 2 pipes Min./0.5 % 2 pipes
Reinforced of No. of Pipes
Concrete
Pipe
7 Reinforced 1 (S) per 50 pipes or 1 pipe (1m length)
Concrete 2% No. of pipes
Pipe
8 Steel Pipe 1 (S) per 600 length 2 pcs of 100 mm long
(Galvanized ) taken from both ends
w/o thread
9 Concrete
Hollow
Blocks
(Complete)
a. Strength 3 units
b. Moisture 3 units
Content
10 Steel Bar 1 (S) per 10,000 kgs 1 meter
or 10 tonnes
11 Steel Sheet 1 (S) per 1,000 1 sheet
(Galvanized) sheet
12 Wire:
(Strand)
Wire 2 meters
(Strap)
13 Gabion 1m x 2m
14 Paints 2 (S) per 100 cans 1- 4 liter can
1 - 20 liter can
15 Joint Filler 1 - 400mm x 400mm
(Pre-molded) sample
16 Curing 1 - liter
Compound
17 Concrete 1-set of 3 cylinder 1-set of 3 cylinder (6" x
Cylinder for 75 cu.m. 12")
18 Concrete 1 set of 3 beams for 1 set of 3 beams (6" x
Beam 75 cu.m. or 1-day 6" x 21")
pouring
19 Concrete 5 holes / km. / lane
Core
5 holes / 500 mtrs
when 2-lanes
poured
20 Asphalt Core
a.) Density 1 core for every 100m or at least one for each
and full day's operation
Thickness
Test
21 Water
Analysis
a.) Chemical 500 Ml
Analysis
b.) Sediment 500 Ml
load Analysis
22 Structural 1 (S) per 50 Reduced Section (as
Steel/Sheet tonnes/50,000 kgs prescribed)