FEASIBILITYOF AVERRHOA BILIMBI AND CITRUS

RETICULATA FRUIT EXTRACT AS SOAP FOR MOISTURIZING

DRY SKIN

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT IN

INVESTIGATORY, INQUIRY AND IMMERSION

SUBMITTED BY:

ABIGAIL PUNZALAN

MARC LESTER CASPILLO

JERICO AGUIRRE

ZIAN CAWIT

JHON PAUL ATIENZA

MARCEL BENOLIRAO

ROSE BUNAO

March 2019
 Acknowledgement

We would like to give credits to the people who are part of our thesis as we made finish it and

success, and we are grateful of those people. First, we would give thanks to our almighty God, as

we know we cannot make this paper without the help and presence of God. To our

teacher,Ma’am Rona Joy Corpuz for teaching us, giving ideas, and guiding us to make this thesis

accomplish, and also for giving us an opportunity and experience in making a thesis. To our

friends, classmates for being helpful to us in which every time we ask them, they do not think

twice to help us. To our parents, that keeping supporting and understanding us in every time we

go home late just to make our thesis complete. Lastly, to ourselves, we like to give thanks in our

members in this thesis for not giving up even though it is hard for us to make a thesis at the same

time doing other activities in other subjects.

 Abstract

Soaps are cleaning agents that usually made by reacting alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide)

with naturally occurring fat or fatty acids. The reaction produces sodium salts of these fatty

acids, which improve the cleaning process by making water better able to lift away greasy stains

from skin, hair, clothes, and just about anything else.The researcher had five goals that have

needed to give objectives. The goal that has needed to find an objective is what the Effectiveness

of Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus Reticulata fruit extract as soap are for moisturize dry skin. The

researcher first goal is prove that the homemade organic soap is not expensive than the

commercial soap. Second goal is to help people with skin problems. The third goal is to avoid

attaching too much chemical contents in our body. The fourth goal is to formulate a soap that is

gentle and delicate to all types of skin. In addition, the last goal of this research is to decrease the

use of chemicals that is not just harmful to human body.In order to determine the right

combination, two batches of soap with different fruits we are prepared Batch I is made of 10 pcs

of Averrhoabilimbi fruit and 200 grams of glycerin soap base. Batch II is composed of 3 pcs of

Citrus reticulata and 250 grams of glycerine soap base.Organic soap using Kamias and Orange

extracts help people who experiencing dry skin. Kamias and Orange fruits had the nutrient to

help moisturize dry skin. Nutrient Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant, it also helps to fight

skin damage caused by the sun and pollution, reduces wrinkles and impose overall skin texture.

In addition, it helps body collagen synthesis can be improved. This making you look stunning

naturally. For a more wide-ranging investigation, the researchers recommend the following. Add

more ingredients and materials you used to make your soap pleasant and attractive. Further

studies should be conducted feasibility other parts of the kamias and orange fruit. It would be

better if it covers a wider range of antioxidant to better prove its moisturize property.
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Introduction:

A. Background of the Study ................................................................................................................. 1

B. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................................... 2
C. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................. 3
D. Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................. 4
E. Scope and Delimitation .................................................................................................................... 5
F. Definition of Terms.......................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2
Review of Literature:
Local Studies.................................................................................................................................... 7
Foreign Studies ................................................................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER 3
Methodology:
A. Materials .......................................................................................................................................... 9
B. Procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 10
C. Testing Methods ............................................................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER 4
Results and Discussion:
Table 1pH Level ............................................................................................................................ 12
Table 2 Physical Appearance ......................................................................................................... 13
Table 3 Aroma ............................................................................................................................... 14
Table 4 Observation on the effect of moisturizer .......................................................................... 15
Difference between Kamias and Orange Fruit ............................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 5
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Recommendation ........................................................................................................................................ 19
References/ Bibliography............................................................................................................................ 20
 Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of Study

Soaps are cleaning agents that usually made by reacting alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide)

with naturally occurring fat or fatty acids. The reaction produces sodium salts of these fatty

acids, which improve the cleaning process by making water better able to lift away greasy stains

from skin, hair, clothes, and just about anything else. As a substance that has helped clean bodies

as well as possessions, soap has been remarkably useful.Organic soap is not hypoallergenic

because it is not made of goat's milk and lye compare to those commercial soap that made of

goat's milk and lye that causes allergy reaction especially to those who has sensitive skin and

also organic soap is basically environmental friendly it is made of fruits that contains natural

vitamins.Kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) and orange (citrus reticulata) soap help to increase our crop

industry and also it has a great important for our daily needs. The benefits of our

kamias(AverrhoaBilimbi) and orange (citrus reticulata) organic soap helps everyone like us,

entrepreneurs to earn extra income and gain more money and for us to save budget because the

price negotiable than other soap in market. It is also helps people who have a dry skin at has an

essential nutrient that helps to moisture our skin.

An important research study are not investigated by other authors because they ignored

this area or there is a conflict about this area they previews research field has ignored the

possible benefits of orange fruit and kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) fruit in our skin. They disregard

the possible health benefits of this two fruits in our body. The aim of this present paper is to give
knowledge to our future researcher that orange and kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) fruits

havenutrients that help our skin to be research.

This investigation aim to test if the kamias(AverrhoaBilimbi) and orange fruit does moisture the

skin of people who use this.

Objectives of the study

One of the importance of this research or study is to find out the goal or reason why this

research has been conducted. The researcher had five goals that have needed to give objectives.

The goal that has needed to find an objective is what the Effectiveness of Averrhoabilimbi and

Citrus Reticulata fruit extract as soap are for moisturize dry skin. The researcher first goal is

Prove that the homemade organic soap is not expensive than thecommercial soap. Second goal is

to help people with skin problems. The third goal is to avoid attaching too much chemical

contents in our body. The fourth goal is to formulate a soap that is gentle and delicate to all types

of skin. In addition, the last goal of this research is to decrease the use of chemicals that is not

just harmful to human body.

Statement of the problem

The focus of this study is to determine the potential of Organic soap made of Kamias

(Averrhoabilimbi) and Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Fruit Extract as a moisturizer dry skin.

The goal of this study is to answer the following questions:

1. How does orange organic soap be described in terms of:

1.1.pH level

1.2.Physical Appearance
 1.3.Aroma

2. How does kamiasorganic soap be described in terms of:

2.1. pH level

2.2.Physical Appearance

2.3.Aroma

3. How does orange and kamiasorganic soaps differ in terms of:

3.1.pH level

3.2.Physical Appearance

3.3.Aroma

4. How does the moisturizing effect differ in the following variables:

2.1 orange,

2.2 kamias, and

2:3. organic soap

Significance of the study

1. To the parents. Lessen their budget from buying expensive products for skin problem. The

usual soap is more expensive because of their ingredients.

2. To the children. Avoid the attachment of chemical in their skin. The organic soap is made of

kamias and orange fruit that compose of natural vitamins that suitable for skin.

3. To DOH. Prove the research’s experiment is able to sell in market. To spread to the public

market and also to introduce to the consumer

4. To the stakeholders. They could produce and provide affordable soap in the market. To earn

more money or by franchising to this kind of soap

5. To the Future Researchers. The future researchers could have an idea about the possible

product can be produced out of Averrhoabilimbiand Citrus reticulate. Also, the result of this

study will help future researcher to support the study their respective field of specialization.

Scope and Delimitations

This study only utilizes orange and kamias as the main ingredients in making an organic soap.

Definition of Terms

 Molder  Slowly decay or disintegrate,

especially because of neglect.

 Extraction  The action of taking out

something, especially using

effort or force.
 Fragrance oil  Essential oils are natural and

contain the true aromatic

essence and other naturally

beneficial properties of the plant

the essential oil was distilled

from.

 Moisturizer  A lotion or cream used to

prevent dryness in the skin.

 Citrus Reticulata  shrub or small tree having

flattened globose fruit with very

sweet aromatic pulp and thin

yellow - orange to flame -

orange rind that is loose and

easily removed ; native to

southeastern Asia.

 Is a fruit-bearing tree of the

 AverrhoaBilimbi
genus Averrhoa, family

Oxalidaceae. It is a close

relative of the carambola tree.

 Chapter 2

Review of Literature

This chapter presents the review of related literature of local studies and foreign

studies used in the study.

Kamias

Kamias is the Filipino name for a tree scientifically known as Averrhoabilimbi. In

English, it is known as the cucumber or sorrel tree. This tropical tree is found naturally in

Malaysia and Indonesia, and its fruit is used both for cooking and traditional medicine. The

natural properties of kamias is like vitamins B and C, iron, phosphorus and antioxidants.Studies

haves shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory cytotoxic, antioxidant, antifertility, and

antibacterial activities.

Orange

An orange is a type of citrus fruit that people often eat or they can sniff the skin when grinded

into a smooth powder. Oranges are a very good source of vitamin like The "sweet orange",

which is the kind that are most often eaten today, grew first in South and East Asia but now

grows in lots of parts of the world.

Glycerin uses

This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin

and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are

substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking.
 One of the nature’s of kamias(AverrhoaBilimbi) is a fruit-bearing tree of Averrhoa family

Oxalidaceae. Kamias is a medicinal plants which cures that has a natural properties like vitamins

B and C, iron, phosphorus and antioxidants.Studies haves shown antimicrobial, anti-

inflammatory cytotoxic, antioxidant, antifertility, and antibacterial activities.

According to Philstar (2014)for a rosier, smoother skin.Kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) are

used in acne swellings and is an antioxidant and is antimicrobial and anti-bacterial and it helps in

preventing the side effects of acne. It gently and naturally exfoliates your skin leaving you witha

smoother, healthier and rosier skin.

According to Ellaine M. AndalesAngelica Mae J. FloresHannah C. Mendoza

(2008)Kamias( AverrhoaBilimbi )Leaves AndfruitExtract:Its Antibacterial Effect On Escherichia

Coli,StaphylococcusAureus And Salmonellaenteritidis, Kamias Leaves and fruit extract is as an

antibacterial agent is more effective than the commercialized and at the same time, available in

our environment.

According to Trixie Rose E. Cortez, Sharmine R. Teves, Ron Angel O. Tribiana, and

Dejerida Baby Jen P. Bayona (2015) kamias (Averrhoabilimbi) with help of foetid cassia leave

extract can be potential as anti-fungal. Kamias(Averrhoabilimbi) are used in many medical

purposes because of its high acidic properties such as protein, fiber, phosphorus, iron, calcium,

carotene, ascorbic acid.

The natural oil of orange fruit (Citrus Reticulata) is a medicinal which cures that has a

natural properties like moisturizing skin for softer healthier looking skin, Antioxidants which

may slow down the production of wrinkles, Citric Acid which helps to aids the dry out acne, And

the higher content of Vitamins C which keep your skin looking younger.
 According to, Mokhtar SI, Aziz NAA (2016) Antimicrobial Properities of

Averrhoabilimbi Extracts at Different Maturity Stages. Averrhoabilimbi is not only for

moisturizer it can be for antimicrobial that can helps to remove the bacteria because the bacteria

was more sensitive to the extract that the extract have stronger antimicrobial effects against

bacteria.

According to, P. Yashaswini and Arvind (2015) Antimicrobial Properties of Orange

(Citrus reticulata var. Kinnow) Peel Extracts against Pathogenic Bacteria. Citrus reticulate it can

antimicrobial compounds to protect themselves from biotic attack that could be essential for

microbial infection resistance.

 Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter consists of the materials in the study, components of materials used,

Cost of the materials, and procedure on making the product

I. Materials

Materials Components Cost

 14 oz vegetable

oil, lard, tallow,

or other oil

 5.5 oz coconut
 Glycerin Soap Base
oil

 8 oz castor oil
₱350
 .75 oz

safflower or

sunflower oil

 4 oz lye, also

called 100%

sodium

hydroxide
  5 oz filtered or

distilled water

 vitamins B

 vitamin C

 Kamias  Iron

(AverrhoaBilimbi)  Phosphorus ₱10

 antioxidants

 vitamin C

 thiamin

 Orange Fruit  folate ₱50

(Citrus Reticulata)  potassium

 propylene

glycol

 Fragrance oil  vegetable oil

 mineral oil ₱100

  flavor oils

In order to determine the right combination, two batches of soap with different fruits we

are prepared Batch I is made of 10 pcs of Averrhoabilimbi fruit and 200 grams of glycerin soap

base. Batch II is composed of 3 pcs of Citrus reticulata and 250 grams of glycerine soap base.

Measure amount of glycerine soap base are melted in.After melting the glycerine soap base we

cut the Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus reticulata into small pieces and get the extract of each fruit.

After getting the extract of Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus reticulate fruit we all mix the materials

needed to produce soap. After mixing all the materials we put the mixture in a soap mold. And

we set aside the mixture about 1-2 hours. The soap samples produced we cut into strips for

testing. Several tests we’re conducted to determine if the soap really helps to moisturizing dry

skin. To determine the capability or the quality of our soap in moisturizing dry skin we use a

testing method. “Performance testing” The process of evaluating of the quality or capability of a

product. We use our organic soap one to two weeks to test the capability of our soap if it is

moisturizing dry skin.

II. Procedure

Gathering of Materials
that needed

Melting glycerin soap base

Extraction of kamias and orange

Prepare the mold

Leave for Half hour (30mins)

and its ready to use.
 Chapter 4

Result and Discussion

This chapter showed of the recording observation of the researcher, the results of

the test on the product and discussion of the study.

1. How does orange and kamias differ in terms to?

1.1. pH level

The pH balance of products is important as it affects the skins and surfaces as they are being

used. It is noted that the organic soap is good and suitable for sensitive skin.

Kamias Orange

The pH level of the kamias soap using litmus The pH level of the Orange soap using litmus

paper is base paper is base

The table above shows, the pH level of the organic soap using Litmus paper. The researchers

used this method to know the pH level of organic soap if it is acidic, neutral, and alkaline. The

researcher’s organic soap they are both alkaline.

1.2.Physical Appearance

Type of Organic

Soap Physical Appearance

Kamias

The Physical Appearance of Kamias

soap is small, attractive, and the

texture is smooth

Orange

The Physical Appearance of Kamias

soap is small, attractive, and the

texture is smooth

As any other soap products, the attractiveness of soap for consumers tends to the judge

visually, this having good physical appearance is important. Our formulated organic as shown in

figure1, was opaque and has orange reach in the color. It was a good order given by the fragrance
in the ingredients and good moisturizer ability. The organic soap was observed to be

significantly different with commercial soap in terms of physical appearance and its aroma.

1.3 Aroma

Type of Organic

Soap Aroma

Kamias

The scent of kamias soap is pleasant

Orange

The orange soap has sweet aroma

2. What is the difference of moisturizer effect in the following variable, namely?

2.1 Orange

Time Observations

30 mins There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

 1 hr There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

1.5 hr There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

2 hr There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

2.5 There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

3 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

3.5 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

4 Fully melted

2.2Kamias,

Time Observations

30 mins There’s Nothing Happen

1 hr There’s Nothing Happen

1.5 hr There’s Nothing Happen

2 hr There’s Nothing Happen

2.5 There’s Nothing Happen

3 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

3.5 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

4 Not fully melted

The table shown above, the capability of the organic soap to be used as moisturize effects

was trialed by how many minutes and hours have been used to know the fastest effect of

moisturize. The researcher used Incandescent light bulb and mansanilyaleaves because

mansanilyaleaves and skin have same molecules that is why the researchers used this
mansanilyaleaves and the Incandescent light bulb help to melt the organic soap on the leaves.

The result of the method used of the researchers, the fastest melted of the organic soap on the

leaves is the fastest moisturize effect on the skin and the organic soap fastest melted is the orange

organic soap base on the researcher observations.

3. How does kamias and Orange differ in terms of the following variable?

The organic soap was prepared by using blending method. This method retains the

Glycerine contents and ensures soft-lathering properties both orange and Kamias soap is

considered as a moisturizer for dry skin because it was a nutrient to help skin to moisturize. It

has low dermal toxicity and is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, making it safe for use and suitable

for sensitive skin.

Physical appearance

As any other soap products, the attractiveness of soap for consumers tends to the judge

visually, a having good physical appearance is important. Our formulated organic as shown in

figure1, was opaque and has orange reach in the color. It was a good order given by the fragrance

in the ingredients and good moisturizer ability. The organic soap was observed to be

significantly different with commercial soap in terms of physical appearance and its aroma.
 Chapter 5

Conclusion, Summary and Recommendation

This chapter presents the conclusion, summary of the research that presented, Recommendation

for further research end the chapter.

Conclusions

1. How does orange organic soap be described in terms of:

1.1 pH level

The organic soap is small, attractive and smooth. The orange soap is attractive because of

its strong color by means of the color of the extract of the orange. The aroma of the orange soap

has the strong pleasant smell that can attract the consumer’s interest.

2. How does kamias organic soap be described in terms of:

2.1 pH level

The Kamias organic soap is small, not that attractive and smooth. It is small because we

just make a medium size of usual size of the organic. The color of the kamias is not that

attractive because it looks like brownish one. The aroma of the kamias soap has the

pleasant smell but not that much smelly

3. How does orange and kamias organic soaps differ in terms of:

3.1 pH level
 The orange soap is differing from the kamias soap by means of their smell. The orange

soap is much sweet-scented than the kamias soap and orange soap differ in kamias soap

because orange soap is more the orange soap is more attractive than the kamias.

4 How does the moisturizing effect differ in the following variables:

The moisturizing effect of orange soap is much effective than the kamias because base on

our experiment the onedissolves faster is the one who moisturize fast. The moisturizing effect of

the kamias soap is not like the orange soap because base on our experiment kamias soap is slow

to dissolve unlike the orange soap so it means kamias soap is not that fast to moisturize the skin.

Summary

The present study, we formulated an organic soaps of kamias and orange extracts used to

moisturize dry skin. All the ingredients used to formulate the organic soap are safer than

commercial soaps. In addition, the physiochemical and physical evaluation showed ideal results,

but further research is required to improve its quality especially on the moisturizing performance

and to identify the constituents, which are responsible for the performance.

Organic soap using Kamias and Orange extracts help people who experiencing dry skin.

Kamias and Orange fruits had the nutrient to help moisturize dry skin. Nutrient Vitamin C.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant, it also helps to fight skin damage caused by the sun and pollution,

reduces wrinkles and impose overall skin texture. In addition, it helps body collagen synthesis

can be improved. This making you look stunning naturally.

Recommendation

For a more wide-ranging investigation, the researchers recommend the following:

1.Add more ingredients and materials you used to make your soap pleasant and attractive

2. Further studies should be conducted feasibility other parts of the kamias and orange fruit

3. It would be better if it covers a wider range of antioxidant to better prove it’s moisturize

property
 Bibliography

https://www.fruitsinfo.com/bilimbi-tropical-fruit.php

Philstar (2012)For a rosier, smoother skin

https://www.philstar.com/business/2012/02/27/781189/rosier-smoother-skin

Ellaine M. AndalesAngelica Mae J. FloresHannah C. Mendoza(2008) REGIONAL SCIENCE

HIGH SCHOOLMalasiga, San Roque, Zamboanga City

https://www.scribd.com/doc/114427608/Bagong-kamias

Trixie Rose E. Cortez, Sharmine R. Teves, Ron Angel O. Tribiana, and Dejerida Baby Jen P.
Bayona (2015) Amir Bara Lidasan National High School

https://www.scribd.com/doc/302727343/Science-Investigatory-Project

https://www.scribd.com/doc/302727343/Science-Investigatory-
Project?fbclid=IwAR28AtX8A4Bh_Drdfm27p1Uo1EoNPuv2h4vIRDcdBt5kzmY0W0TzaOb99
ok

https://www.faithinnature.co.uk/article/the-benefits-of-orange-for-skin.aspx

Seri IntanMokhtar and NurAinAbdAziz(2016) Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis

file:///C:/Users/win7/Desktop/Downloads/antimicribial-properities-of-averrhoa-bilimbi-extracts-
at-differentmaturity-stages-2161-0703-1000233.pdf

P. Yashaswini andArvind(2018) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied

Sciences

https://www.ijcmas.com/7-3-2018/P.%20Yashaswini%20and%20Arvind.pdf