G.R. No.

223290, November 07, 2016

WOODROW B. CAMASO, Petitioner, v. TSM SHIPPING (PHILS), INC., UTKILEN, AND/OR JONES TULOD, Respondents.

Assailed in this petition for review on certiorari1 are the Resolutions dated August 12, 20152 and March 4, 20163 of the Court
of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 141278-UDK which dismissed petitioner Woodrow B. Camaso's (Camaso) petition
for certiorari before it for non-payment of the required docket fees. chanro blesvi rtua llawli bra ry

The Facts
Camaso alleged that on July 15, 2014, he signed a contract of employment with respondents TSM Shipping (Phils), Inc.,
Utkilen, artd Jones Tulod (respondents) to work as a Second Mate on-board the vessel "M/V Golfstraum," for a period of six
(6) months and with basic monthly salary of US$1,178.00.4On October 18, 2014, he joined his vessel of assignment.5 Prior to
said contract, Camaso claimed to have been working for respondents for almost five (5) years and boarded eight (8) of their
vessels.6

Sometime in November 2013, Camaso complained of a noticeable obstruction in his throat which he described as akin to a
"fishbone coupled [with] coughing."7 By February 2014, his situation worsened as he developed lymph nodules on his jawline,
prompting him to request for a medical check-up while in Amsterdam. As Camaso was initially diagnosed with tonsillar cancer,
he was recommended for medical repatriation to undergo extensive treatment. Upon repatriation to the Philippines on
September 8, 2014, he reported at respondents' office and was referred to a certain Dr. Nolasco of St. Luke's Medical Center
for testing. After a series of tests, it was confirmed that Camaso was indeed suffering from tonsillar cancer.8 Consequently, he
underwent eight (8) chemotherapy sessions and radiation therapy for 35 cycles which were all paid for by respondents. He
likewise received sickwage allowances from the latter.9Thereafter, respondents refused to shoulder Camaso's medical
expenses, thus, forcing the latter to pay for his treatment. Believing that his sickness was work-related and that respondents
remained silent on their obligation, Camaso filed the instant complaint for disability benefits, sickwage allowance,
reimbursement of medical and hospital expenses, and other consequential damages before the National Labor Relations
Commission (NLRC), docketed as NLRC Case No. OFW (M) 07-09270-14. After efforts for an amicable settlement between the
parties failed, they were ordered to file their respective position papers.10

The LA and NLRC Rulings

On appeal, docketed as NLRC LAC No. (OFW-M) 01-000088-15,13 the NLRC promulgated a Decision14dated March 19, 2015
reversing the LA ruling and, consequently, dismissed Camaso's complaint for lack of merit. Camaso moved for its
reconsideration, but was denied in a Resolution15 dated April 28, 2015. Aggrieved, he filed a petition for certiorari before the
CA.16

The CA Ruling
In a Resolution17 dated August 12, 2015, the CA dismissed Camaso's petition "for non-payment of the required docketing fees
as required under Section 3, Rule 46 of the Revised Rules of Court."18

Dissatisfied, Camaso filed a Motion for Reconsideration19 dated August 29, 2015, arguing, inter alia, that a check representing
the payment of the required docket fees was attached to a copy of his petition filed before the CA. He further claimed that
upon verification of his counsel's messenger, the Division Clerk of Court admitted that it was simply overlooked.

In a Resolution21 dated March 4, 2016, the CA denied Camaso's motion for lack of merit. Citing the presumption of regularity
of official duties, the CA gave credence to the explanation of Myrna D. Almira, Officer-in-Charge of the CA Receiving Section,
that there was no cash, postal money order, or check attached to Camaso's petition when it was originally filed before the CA.
In any event, the CA held that assuming that a check was indeed attached to the petition, such personal check, i.e., Metrobank
check dated July 6, 2015 under the personal account of a certain Pedro L. Linsangan, is not a mode of payment sanctioned by
the 2009 Internal Rules of the Court of Appeals (2009 IRCA), which allows only payment in cash, postal money order, certified,
manager's or cashier's checks payable to the CA.22

Hence, this petition. cha nrob lesvi rtua llawlib ra ry

The Issue Before the Court

The Court's Ruling

Section 3, Rule 46 of the Rules of Court provides that in original actions filed before the CA, such as a petition for certiorari,
the payment of the corresponding docket fees is required, and that the failure to comply with the same shall be sufficient
ground for the dismissal of such action, viz.: chanRoblesvi rtual Lawli bra ry

Section 3. Contents and filing of petition, effect of non-compliance with requirements. - The petition shall contain the full
names and actual addresses of all the petitioners and respondents, a concise statement of the matters involved, the factual
background of the case, and the grounds relied upon for the relief prayed for.

In actions filed under Rule 65, the petition shall further indicate the material dates showing when notice of the judgment or
final order or resolution subject thereof was received, when a motion for new trial or reconsideration, if any, was filed and
when notice of the denial thereof was received.

The petitioner shall pay the corresponding docket and other lawful fees to the clerk of court and deposit the amount
of P500.00 for costs at the time of the filing of the petition.

The failure of the petitioner to comply with any of the foregoing requirements shall be sufficient ground for the
dismissal of the petition. (Emphases and underscoring supplied)
In Bibiana Farms & Mills, Inc. v. NLRC,23 the Court nevertheless explained that while non-payment of docket fees may indeed
render an original action dismissible, the rule on payment of docket fees may be relaxed whenever the attending circumstances
of the case so warrant: chanRoblesvi rtua lLawl ibra ry

Under the foregoing rule, non-compliance with any of the requirements shall be a sufficient ground for the dismissal of the
petition. Corollarily, the rule is that a court cannot acquire jurisdiction over the subject matter of a case, unless the
docket fees are paid. And where the filing of the initiatory pleading is not accompanied by payment of the docket
fees, the court may allow payment of the fee within a reasonable time but in no case beyond the applicable
prescriptive or reglementary period.

In several cases, however, the Court entertained certain exceptions due to the peculiar circumstances attendant in these cases,
which warrant a relaxation of the rules on payment of docket fees. It was held in La Salette College v. Pilotin [463 Phil. 785
(2003)], that the strict application of the rule may be qualified by the following: first, failure to pay those fees
within the reglementary period allows only discretionary, not automatic, dismissal; second, such power should
be used by the court in conjunction with its exercise of sound discretion in accordance with the tenets of justice
and fair play, as well as with a great deal of circumspection in consideration of all attendant circumstances.

Thus, in Villamor v. [CA] [478 Phil. 728 (2004)], the Court sustained the decision of the CA to reinstate the private
respondents', appeal despite having paid the docket fees almost one year after the notice of appeal was filed, finding that
there is no showing that the private respondents deliberately refused to pay the requisite fee within the reglementary period
and abandon their appeal. The Court also found that it was imperative for the CA to review the ruling of the trial court to avoid
a miscarriage of justice. Thus, the Court concluded, "Under the circumstances obtaining in the case at bar, we see no
cogent reason to reverse the resolutions of the respondent court. It is the policy of the court to encourage hearing
of appeals on their merits. To resort to technicalities which the petitioner capitalizes on in the instant petition
would only tend to frustrate rather than promote substantial justice."24 (Emphases and underscoring supplied)
Verily, the failure to pay the required docket fees per se should not necessarily lead to the dismissal of a case. It has long been
settled that while the court acquires jurisdiction over any case only upon the payment of the prescribed docket fees, its non-
payment at the time of filing of the initiatory pleading does not automatically cause its dismissal provided that: (a) the fees
are paid within a reasonable period; and (b) there was no intention on the part of the claimant to defraud the government.25 cralaw red

Here, it appears that when Camaso filed his certiorari petition through his counsel and via mail, a Metrobank check dated July
6, 2015 under the account name of Pedro L. Linsangan was attached thereto to serve as payment of docket fees. 26 Although
this was not an authorized mode of payment under Section 6, Rule VIII 27 of the 2009 IRCA, the attachment of such personal
check shows that Camaso exerted earnest efforts to pay the required docket fees. Clearly, this exhibits good faith and evinces
his intention not to defraud the government. In this relation, the assertion of the Officer-in-Charge of the CA Receiving Section
that there was no check attached to Camaso's certiorari petition is clearly belied by the fact that when it was examined at the
Office of the Division Clerk of Court, the check was found to be still stapled thereto.28

In light of the foregoing circumstances, the Court deems it appropriate to relax the technical rules of procedure in the interest
of substantial justice and, hence, remands the instant case to the CA for the resolution of its substantial merits.29 Upon remand,
the CA is directed to order Camaso to pay the required docket fees within a reasonable period of thirty (30) days from notice
of such order.

WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The Resolutions dated August 12, 2015 and March 4, 2016 of the Court of Appeals
(CA) in CA G.R. SP No. 141278-UDK are hereby SET ASIDE. Accordingly, the instant case is REMANDED to the CA for further
proceedings as discussed in this Decision.

SO ORDERED. Cha

27
Section 6, Rule VIII of the 2009 IRCA reads: chanRoblesvirtual Lawlib ra ry

Sec. 6. Payment of Docket and Other Lawful Fees and Deposit for Costs. - Payment of docket and other lawful fees and deposit
for costs may be made in cash, postal money order, certified checks or manager's or cashier's checks payable to the Court [of
Appeals]. Personal checks shall be returned to the payor.