International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Cryptosystem Based on Modified Vigenere Cipher using

Encryption Technique
Vittal Kumar Mittal1, Manish Mukhija2
1M.Tech
Student, 2Assistant Professor
1,2Department of Computer Science and Engineering,

1,2Modern Institute of Technology & Research Centre, Jahar Khera, Rajasthan, India

How to cite this paper: Vittal Kumar ABSTRACT

Mittal | Manish Mukhija "Cryptosystem In this new era of technology securing information in internet has become a
Based on Modified Vigenere Cipher using crucial task. To secure such information, encryption plays an important role in
Encryption Technique" Published in information security. In this paper Vigenere cipher is considered which is to be
International most efficient and simplest one. Due to its repeating nature, it is vulnerable to
Journal of Trend in attacks like Kasiski, known plain text etc., to find the length of encryption key.
Scientific Research To overcome this, this research present a modified algorithm encryption
and Development technique is done by using Vigenere cipher to improve better security against
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- cryptanalysis.
6470, Volume-3 |
Issue-5, August KEYWORDS: Encryption, Vigenere cipher, Cipher ceaser, Decryption, data security
IJTSRD27878
2019, pp.1936-1939, 1. INTRODUCTION
https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd27878 With the rapid development of information technology, secrecy and privacy are
the key issues of cryptography. Through cryptography one can prevent an
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and intruder from understanding the data during communication time. To this,
International Journal of Trend in Scientific encryption and related technologies are considered as one of the most powerful
Research and Development Journal. This tool to secure data transmission over the communication network like Virtual
is an Open Access article distributed Private Network (VPN) [4].
under the terms of
the Creative VPN or virtual private network is a network constructed by using public wires
Commons Attribution usually the Internet to connect to a private network, such as a company's
License (CC BY 4.0) internal network to transport the confidential data. These systems use security
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by mechanisms to ensure that only authorized users can access the network and
/4.0) that the data cannot be intercepted [5] [4].

So, to secure the information, cryptography is used where Vigenere cipher is one of the most popular ciphers in the
the encryption is the process of transforming plain text past because of its simplicity and resistance to the frequency
message into scrambled message by using a key and vice analysis test of letters that can crack simple ciphers like
versa for decryption. Encryption techniques are broadly Caesar cipher. But with the increase in the cryptanalytic
divided by two types namely, Symmetric and Asymmetric. In skills, Vigenere cipher is no longer taken as secure cipher
symmetric encryption techniques, same key is used for both and is not popularly used. The most weak point of Vigenere
encryption and decryption. In Asymmetric-key encryption cipher is the use of repeated words that causes repetition of
two keys - public and private keys, where the public key is certain patterns in cipher texts at intervals equal to the
known to all members while the private key is kept secure length of the keyword used.
by the user [7]. Thus, the security of encrypted data depends
on the strength of cryptographic algorithm and the secrecy This paper is divided into following sections like, Section 2
of the key. introduce Vigenere cipher. Section 3 describes a proposed
encryption method for cipher text using modified vigener
In this paper classical cipher is selected and implemented for cipher. Thus, the key-stream increases the tightness of
safer communications. In classical methods, two basic security in Vigenere cipher as this makes the deciphering of
techniques namely substitution and transposition are used. the cipher text from the knowledge of the key length difficult.
In substitution technique, letters of plaintext are replaced by Implementation, generating session key and experimental
numbers and symbols. This technique is further divided into results are given in section 4 and conclusions in section 5.
Monoalphabetic and polyalphabetic cipher. In
monoalphabetic [6] [1], it replaces each letter in the 2. RELATED WORK
plaintext with another letter to form the ciphertext. The The Vigenere Cipher is an encryption scheme which was
main problem with monoalphabetic substitution ciphers is invented in the 16th century by French Blaise De Vigenere.
that they are vulnerable to frequency analysis. However in The scheme is inspired by the Caesar Cipher in that it uses a
polyalphabetic cipher, uses multiple substitution alphabets. “polyalphabetic substitution matrix” that combines two or
That is a single character in the plaintext is changed to many more alphabetic tables. The Vigenere encryption [1] scheme
characters in the cipher text. So it has the advantage of relies on a keyword as its key along with the polyalphabetic
hiding the letter frequency. The best known and simplest of substitution table to encode and decode a message. For
such polyalphabetic cipher algorithm is Vigenere cipher [1]. instance, to encrypt the message using a Vigenère cipher

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD27878 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1936
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
table which is in fig1, by using the key will do the following; 4. Numeric value of second plain text character and key
first the key is repeated sequentially until the length of the character will be added according to row 2.
message and aligned together. Then the words are translated 5. Modulo 27 of the resultant value from above step will be
by locating the rows and columns of each position in the calculated. The character correspond to the calculated
keyword and plaintext in polyalphabetic substitution table modulo value will be second cipher character.
provided below to get the encrypted ciphertext. The same
6. The process explained in above steps will remain
key is then used to decrypt the message to reveal the same
continue till eighth table. After that next plain character
message by using the reverse process [8].
i.e character 9 of plain text and key will undergo through
same process by using value from table 1 and so on.

Mathematically we can express encryption process by

proposed algorithm as:
C1 = P1 + K1 (mod 27) [T1]
C2 = P2 + K2 (mod 27) [T2]
C8 = P8 + K8 (mod 27) [T8]
C9 = P9 + K9 (mod 27) [T1]
C16 = P16 + K16 (mod 27) [T8]
C17 = P17 + K17 (mod 27) [T1]

Where, T in above mathematical relation represents table no.

3.2 Decryption
Decryption process of proposed approach works the same
way as encryption does but in reverse direction. Formula for
decryption by proposed method is:

Pi = Ci - Ki (mod m)

The steps for decryption process are:

Fig1: Vigenere Table 1. Numeric value of first cipher text character and key
character will be subtracted according to table 1
3. Proposed Algorithm 2. Modulo 27 of the resultant value from above step will be
In traditional Vigenere cipher each alphabet has one fixed calculated. The character correspond to the calculated
numeric value but in our proposed technique we have eight modulo value will be first plain text character.
tables shown in Table 1. In each table every alphabet
3. The process explained in above steps will remain
represent with different numeric value. In traditional
continue till eighth table. After that next cipher
Vigenere technique the plaintext is considered as a sequence
character i.e character 9 of cipher text and key will
of alphabets without any space between them. It may create
undergo through same process by using value from table
a problem for receiver to read the message by inserting
1 and so on.
spaces between words and receiver needs to guess the exact
place to insert space in decrypted plaintext. In proposed
Mathematically we can express decryption process by
technique we eliminate this problem by introducing
proposed algorithm as:
different numeric value for space in each table. The
encryption and decryption process by proposed approach is P1 = C1-K1 (mod 27) [T1]
given below: P2 = C2-K2 (mod 27) [T2]
P8 = C8-K8 (mod 27) [T8]
Formula for encryption by proposed method is:
P9 = C9-K9 (mod 27) [T1]
Ci = Pi + Ki (mod m)
P16= C16- K16 (mod 27) [T8]
In proposed approach we have length of alphabet 27, so P17= C17- K17 (mod 27) [T1]
value m will be 27.
TABLE 1 PROPOSED TECHNIQUE TABLE
3.1 Encryption
1. The steps for encryption process are: If the length of key
is smaller than the length of plain text then key will be
repetitive until it becomes equal to the length of plain
text.
2. Numeric value of first plain text character and key
character will be added according to table 1.
3. Modulo 27 of the resultant value from above step will be
calculated. The character correspond to the calculated
modulo value will be first cipher text character.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD27878 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1937
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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