International Journal of Commerce and Management Research

International Journal of Commerce and Management Research

ISSN: 2455-1627, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22
www.managejournal.com
Volume 3; Issue 3; March 2017; Page No. 135-139

An apparaisal of financial performance: A comparative analysis of HDFC bank and ICICI bank
Dr. Ajaz Ahmad Mir
Department of commerce Islamia College of science and commerce, Srinagar, Jammu And Kashmir, India

Abstract
Banks play an active role in the economic development of a country. Their ability to make positive contribution in igniting the
process of growth depends on the effective banking system. Financial analysis is done to identify the financial strengths and
weaknesses of the two banks by properly establishing relationship between the items of Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Account.
It helps in better understanding of banks financial position, growth and performance by analyzing the financial statements with
various tools and evaluating the relationship between various elements of financial statements.
The present research paper is aimed to analyze and compare the Financial Performance of HDFC and ICICI Bank and offer
suggestions for the improvement of efficiency in select banks. For the purpose of analysis of comparative financial performance of
the select banks, an attempt is made to critically examine the financial performance of the banks using various accounting and
statistical techniques to arrive at conclusion.

Keywords: demonitization, remonitization, investment shocks, cashless economy

Introduction evaluate and compare the financial performance of HDFC and

The nationalization phase of the early 1970s brought some of ICICI Bank. The study is based on secondary data that has been
the elite banks under the government’s control. The next collected from annual reports of the respective banks,
decade heralded the second phase of nationalization with the magazines, journals, documents and other published
merging of old private sector banks. The 1990s saw partial information. The study covers the period of 5 years i.e. from
liberalization of the banking industry and the emergence of year 2009-010 to year 2013-14. Ratio Analysis was applied to
new private sector banks as well as international banks. During analyze and compare the trends in banking business and
the next few years, fears of liberalization were put to rest and financial performance. Mean and Compound Growth Rate
in the past decade the banking system has gained much from (CGR) have also been deployed to analyze the trends in
it. Liberalization brought out the best in the industry inducing banking business profitability.
competitive spirit among various banks. During this period
banks were restructured, shed the flab of over employment, Sampling
embraced technology and ventured into related new The present study covers two important banks one is Housing
businesses. Some of them have even re branded themselves to Development Financial Corporation (HDFC) and another one
cater to the ever demanding customers. Also the banks put in Industrial Credit Investment Corporation of India (ICICI).
place effective Risk-Management mechanisms and added fresh
capital, which is very important to the banking industry. With Data collection
the development of the banking sector, it is interesting to know The study is based on secondary data that has been collected
how the selected banks have performed. The present study from annual reports of the respective banks. The study covers
carried out a closer analysis of two banks based on their annual the period of 5 years i.e. from year 2009-10 to year 2013-14.
results. Financial analysis is mainly done to compare the
growth, profitability and financial soundness of the respective Data analysis
banks by diagnosing the information contained in the financial Ratio Analysis was applied to analyze and compare the trends
statements. in banking business and financial performance.

Objective of the Study Rationale/Need of the study

1. To study the financial performance of HDFC and ICICI Financial analysis covers a vast area and is of great importance.
Bank. Keeping in view the importance of the financial analysis and
2. To compare the financial performance of HDFC and ICICI the vast area that it covers, we have carried out the present
Bank. research work. It is concerned with the banking organizations
that offer a personalized service. The bank uses various
Period of Study indicators for measuring its financial performance. These
The study covers a period of five years from 2009 – 2014. indicators are of great importance and tell us the true financial
position of the bank. These indicators help in identifying the
Research Methodology strengths and weaknesses of the banks and suggesting
In the present study, an attempt has been made to measure, improvements in its future working

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Hypotheses ICICI Bank has created more loan assets from its deposits as
From the above objectives of the following hypothesis is compared to HDFC.
formulated to test the financial efficiency of the select banks:
Ho = “There is no significant difference between financial Interest expense to total expense
performance of HDFC and ICICI Bank.”. Interest Expenses to Total Expenses reveals the expenses
incurred on interest in proportion to total expenses. Banks
Limitation of the Study accepts deposits from savers and pay interest on these
Due to constraints of time and resources, the study is likely to accounts. This payment of interest is known as interest
suffer from certain limitations. Some of these are mentioned expenses. Total expenses include the amount spent in the form
here under so that the findings of the study may be understood of staff expenses, interest expenses, overhead expenses and
in a proper perspective. The limitations of the study are: other operating expenses etc.
1. The study is based on the secondary data and the limitation
of using secondary data may affect the results. Table 2: Interest Expenses to Total Expenses of Hdfc and Icici Bank
2. The secondary data was taken from the annual reports of the (IN PERCENT)
HDFC and ICICI Bank. It may be possible that the data shown Year HDFC ICICI
in the annual reports may be window dressed which does not 2010 45.708 60.72
show the actual position of the banks. 2011 46.15 61.73
2012 54.78 65.96
For the purpose of analysis of comparative financial 2013 54.71 65.36
performance of the select banks, the following parameters 2014 55.83 61.84
have been studied: MEAN 51.435 63.122
1. Credit Deposit Ratio CGR 22.145% 1.84%
2. Interest Expenses to Total Expenses Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14
3. Interest Income to Total Income
4. Other Income to Total Income Analysis
5. Net worth Ratio Table 1.2shows that the ratio of interest expenses to total
6. Percentage Change in Net Profits expenses in ICICI was highly volatile. It increased from
7. Percentage Change in Total Income 60.72%to 65.36% during the period 2010-2013. Then again
8. Percentage Change in Total Expenditure decreased to 61.12% in the year 2014. Whereas the ratio of
9. Percentage Change in Advances interest expenses to DFC as total expenses in HDFC was
10. Percentage Change in Deposits increased from 45.71% to 55.83% during the period of the
11. Debt-Equity Ratio study. From the above analysis, it has been found that the share
of interest expenses in total expenses was higher in case of
Analysis and interpretation HDFC as compared to ICICI, which shows that people
Credit deposit ratio: The credit deposit ratio popularly known preferred to invest their savings in HDFC than ICICI.
as CD ratio is the ratio of how a bank lends out of the deposit
it has mobilized. RBI does not stipulate a minimum or Other Income to Total Income
maximum level for the ratio, but a very low ratio indicates Other income to total income reveals the proportionate share
banks are not making full use of their resources. Alternatively, of other income in total income. Other income includes non-
a high ratio indicates more reliance on deposits for lending and interest income and operating income. Total income includes
a likely pressure on resources. CD ratio helps in interest income, non-interest income and operating income.
assessing banks liquidity and indicates its health.
Table 3: Other Income to Total Income in Hdfc and Icici Bank
Table 1: Credit deposit ratio of HDFC and ICICI Bank (In Percent) (IN PERCENT)

Year HDFC ICICI Year HDFC ICICI

2010 75.16 89.70 2010 19.07 22.099
2011 77.00 96.00 2011 17.87 20.38
2012 79.00 99.00 2012 16.12 18.28
2013 80.90 99.20 2013 16.35 17.24
2014 82.50 102.00 2014 16.14 19.096
MEAN 78.912 97.18 MEAN 17.11 19.419
CGR 9% 13.71% CGR -15.36% -13.589%
Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14 Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14

Analysis Analysis
Table 1.1 depicts that over the course of five financial periods Table 1.4 shows that the ratio of other income to total income
of study the mean of Credit Deposit Ratio in ICICI was higher was decreased from 19.07% in 2009-2010 to 16.14% in 2013-
(97.18%) than in HDFC (78.91%). But the Compound Growth 2014 in case of HDFC. However, the share of other income to
Rate in HDFC lowers (9%) than in ICICI (13.71%). In case of total income of ICICI was also decreased from 22.09% in
HDFC the credit deposit ratio was highest in 2013-14 and 2009-2010 to 19.09% in 2013-2014. The table shows that the
lowest in 2009-10, and in case of ICICI credit deposit ratio was ratio was relatively higher in ICICI (19.14%) as compared to
also highest in 2013-14 and lowest in 2009-10. This shows that HDFC (17.11%) during the period of study.

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Net worth ratio Total Income

The net worth ratio states the return that shareholders could The total income indicates the rupee value of the income
receive on their investments in a company, if all of the profit earned during a period. The higher value of total income
earned were to be passed through directly to them. Thus, the represents the efficiency and good performance.
ratio is developed from the perspective of shareholder, not the
company, and is used to analyse investor returns. The ratio is Table 6: Growth in Total Income of Hdfc and Icici Bank (IN
useful as a measure of how well a company is utilizing the CRORES)
shareholders’ investment to create returns for them, and can be HDFC ICICI
used for comparison purposes with competitors in the same Year Total Income % Change Total Income % Change
industry. 2010 19983.52 100% 32999.36 100%
2011 24263.36 121.42% 32621.94 98.85%
Table 4: Net worth Ratio of Hdfc and Icici Bank (IN PERCENT) 2012 32530.04 162.78% 41045.41 124.38%
2013 41917.49 209.76% 48421.30 146.73%
Year HDFC ICICI
2010 13.70 7.80 2014 49055.17 245.47% 54606.02 165.47%
2011 15.50 93.50 Mean 33549.92 41938.81
2012 17.30 10.70 CGR 145.48% 65.48%
Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14
2013 18.60 12.48
2014 19.50 13.40
MEAN 16.92 27.576 Analysis
CGR 42.33% 71.79% Table 1.7 highlights that the mean value of total income was
Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14 higher in ICICI (Rs 41938.81 crores) as compared to that in
HDFC (Rs 33549.92 crores) during the study period. However,
Analysis the rate of growth regarding total income was higher in HDFC
It is clear from the table 1.5 that the net worth ratio of HDFC (145.48%) than in ICICI (65.48%) during the study period.
was increased from 13.70 per cent to 19.50 per cent during
2010-11 to 2013--14, and decreased in 2009-10 and 2010- Total Expenditure
2011. Whereas the ratio was increased from 7.80 per cent to The total expenditure reveals the proportionate share of total
10.70 per cent in ICICI. The table showed that the net worth expenditure spent on the development of staff, interest
ratio was higher in HDFC (19.50%) as compared to ICICI expended and other overheads. The higher value of total
(13.40%) during the period of study, which revealed that Expenditure represents in efficiency of the concern in
HDFC has utilized its resources more efficiently as compared managing the expenditure, which in turn adversely affects the
to ICICI. overall profitability of the concern.

Growth in profits Table 7: Growth in Total Expenditure of Hdfc and Icici Bank (IN
Excess of revenues over outlays and expenses in a business CRORES)
enterprise over a given period of time, usually a year shows Total %age Total %age
us the growth of profit expenditure change expenditure change
Year HDFC ICICI
Table 5: Growth of Profit in Hdfc and Icici (In Crores) 2010 17034.82 100% 28974.37 100%
2011 20336.96 119.38% 27470.56 94.81%
HDFC ICICI
2012 27362.90 160.62% 34580.16 119.34%
Year Profit % Change Profit % Change
2013 35191.21 206.58% 40095.83 138.38%
2010 2948.70 100% 4024.98 100%
2014 40576.80 238.19% 44795.55 154.60%
2011 3926.40 133.15% 5151.38 127.98%
MEAN 28100.54 35183.29
2012 5167.09 175.23% 6465.26 160.62%
CGR 138.19% 54.60%
2013 6726.28 228.11% 8325.47 206.84% Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14
2014 8478.38 287.53% 9810.48 243.73%
Mean 5449.37 6755.14
Analysis
CGR 187.529% 143.799%
Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14
Table 1.8 discloses that the mean value of total expenditure
was higher in ICICI (Rs 35183.29 crores) as compared to that
Analysis in HDFC (Rs 28100.54 crores) during the study period. But the
Table 1.6 highlights the mean value of net profit was higher in rate of growth regarding expenditure in ICICI was (54.60%)
ICICI (Rs 6755.14 crores) as compared to that in HDFC (Rs than that in HDFC (138.19%) during the same period. It is clear
5449.37 crores) during the period of study. But the compound that ICICI is successful in decreasing their total expenditure as
growth rate of net profits was highest in HDFC (187.53%) than compared to HDFC. The table also highlights that the annual
that in ICICI (143.80%) during the period of study. The table growth rate of expenditure in HDFC was highest (238.19%) in
also shows that the annual growth rate of profit in HDFC was the year 2013-14 and was lowest (119.38%) in the year 2010-
highest in the year 2013-1014 (8478.38 crores) and lowest in 11. In ICICI the annual growth rate of expenditure was also
the year 2009-2010 (2948.70 crores), whereas, in ICICI, the lowest in the year 2010-11 and highest in the year 2013-14
annual growth rate of profit was also highest in 2013-2014 respectively. Hence, it is clear that ICICI is more efficient as
(9810.48 crores) and lowest in the year 2009-2010 (4024.98 compared to HDFC in terms of managing expenditure.
crores).
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Advances is also known as „Credit‟ granted where the money is

Advances are the credit facility granted by the bank. In other disbursed and recovery of which is made later on.
words it is the amount borrowed by a person from the Bank. It

Table 8: Growth in Total Advances of Hdfc and Icici Bank (IN CRORES)
Total advances %age change Total advances %age change
Year HDFC ICICI
2010 125830.59 100% 181205.60 100%
2011 159982.67 127.14% 216365.90 119.40%
2012 195420.03 155.30% 253727.66 140.02%
2013 239720.64 190.51% 290249.44 160.177%
2014 303000.27 240.88% 338702.65 186.92%
MEAN 204790.84 256050.25
CGR 140.80% 86.92%
Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14

Analysis continuously increased (with increasing trend) over the period

Table 1.9 presents that the mean of Advances of ICICI was of study
higher (2, 56,050.25) as compared to mean of Advances of
HDFC (2, 04,790.84 crores). But the Rate of growth was higher Deposits
in HDFC (140.80 %) than in ICICI (86.92%). Table also shows t is the amount accepted by bank from the savers in the form of
the per cent Change in Advances over the period of 5 years. current deposits, savings deposits and fixed deposits and
From the analysis as expressed in the table, it is revealed from interest is paid to them.
the table that the advances in both these banks were

Table 9: Growth in Total Deposits of Hdfc and Icici Bank (IN CRORES)
Total deposits %age change Total deposits %age change
Year HDFC ICICI
2010 167404.44 100% 202016.60 100%
2011 208586.41 124.60% 225602.11 111.67%
2012 246706.45 147.37% 255499.96 126.47%
2013 296246.98 176.96% 292613.63 144.84%
2014 367337.48 219.43% 331913.66 164.30%
MEAN 257256.35 261529.19
CGR 119.43% 64.30%
Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14

Analysis Table 10: Debt-Equity Ratio (IN PERCENT)

Table 1.10 presents that the mean of Deposits of ICICI was Year HDFC ICICI
higher (2, 61,529.19 crores) as compared to mean of deposits 2010 830 604
of HDFC (2, 57,256.35 crores). However the rate of growth 2011 878 637
was higher in HDFC (119.43%) than that in ICICI (64.30%) 2012 904 709.6
during the period of study. Table also shows the per cent 2013 909 704.7
Change in Deposits over the period of 5 years. From the above 2014 935 712
analysis, it is revealed that the deposits in both these banks MEAN 891.2 673.46
were continuously increasing respectively over the period of CGR 12.65% 17.88%
study Source: Annual Reports of HDFC and ICICI from 2009-10 to 2013-14

Debt-equity ratio Analysis

It’s calculated to measure the relative proportions of outsiders’ Table 1.11: The debt-equity ratio of HDFC and ICICI Bank are
funds and shareholders’ funds invested in the company. The recorded mean at 8.91 and 6.73 (Table-1.11) respectively. The
ratio is determined to ascertain the soundness of long term compound growth rate is lowest in HDFC (12.65%) as
financial policies of that company and is known as external compared to ICICI (17.88%) and there is no significance
equity ratio. A low debt-equity ratio is generally viewed as difference between the selected two banks debt-equity ratio. It
favourable for long term creditors’ view because a large clears that HDFC Bank debt-equity ratio is less compared with
margin of protection provides safety for the creditors. The ICICI Bank. So we can say that the debt-equity ratio of HDFC
same low ratio may be taken as quite unsatisfactory by the bank have decreased during the study period hence long term
shareholders’ because they find neglected opportunity for solvency is well in HDFC bank.
using low-cost outsiders fund to acquire fixed assets that could
earn a high return. Keeping in view interest of both debt-equity Findings and conclusions
ratio of 2:1 in case of long term creditors and 2:3 in case of The study carried out a closer analysis of the two banks i.e.
shareholders’ is acceptable. HDFC and ICICI based on their annual results. During this

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period the banks were restructured, shed the flab of over 10. Brown Craig O, Dinc I. Serdar the Politics of Bank
employment, embraced technology and ventured into related Failures: Evidence from Emerging Markets Quarterly
new businesses. The financial analysis helped in better Journal of Economics. 2005, 1413-1443.
understanding of banks, their financial position, growth and
performance. While evaluating the credit deposit ratio, it was
concluded that ICICI bank created more loan assets from its
deposits as compared to HDFC. While analyzing the interest
expense to total expense of HDFC and ICICI, it was found that
the share of interest expense to total expense was higher in case
of HDFC as compared to ICICI, which shows that people
preferred to invest their savings in HDFC than ICICI.T he
proportion of interest income to total income in ICICI was
higher than HDFC, which shows that people preferred ICICI
to take loans and advances as compared to HDFC. The ratio of
other income to total income was relatively higher in ICICI
than HDFC. The net worth ratio was higher in HDFC than
ICICI which revealed that HDFC has utilized its resources
more efficiently than ICICI. The annual growth rate of profit
in HDFC was highest in the year 2013-2014 (8478.38 crores)
and lowest in 2009-2010 (2948.70 crores). In ICICI also it was
highest in the year 2013-2014 (9810.48 crores) and lowest in
the year 2009-2010 (4024.98 crores). The growth regarding
total income was higher in HDFC than ICICI. While analyzing
the growth in total expenditure, it was found that ICICI is more
efficient than HDFC in terms of managing expenditure. It is
revealed from analyzing the growth in total advances that the
advances in both these banks were continuously increased.
While analyzing the growth in total deposits it was revealed
that deposits in both these banks were continuously increasing.
The debt-equity ratio of HDFC bank is less as compared to
ICICI bank, so we can say that debt-equity ratio of HDFC bank
has been decreasing during the period and hence long-term
solvency is well in HDFC.

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