Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Famy Aguinaldo Sr. was born on March 22, 1869 in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit),
in Cavite province, to Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy-Aguinaldo, a Tagalog Chinese
mestizo couple who had eight children, the seventh of whom was Emilio Sr. The Aguinaldo
family was quite well-to-do, as his father, Carlos J. Aguinaldo was the community's
appointed gobernadorcillo(municipal governor) in the Spanish colonial administration and his
grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and Maria Jamir-Aguinaldo. He studied at Colegio de San
Juan de Letran but wasn't able to finish his studies due to outbreak of cholera in 1882.

Emilio became the "Cabeza de Barangay" in 1895 when the Maura Law that called for the
reorganization of local governments was enacted. At the age of 25, Aguinaldo became Cavite el
Viejo's first "gobernadorcillo capitan municipal" (Municipal Governor-Captain)while on a
business trip in Mindoro.
On January 1, 1895, Aguinaldo became a Freemason, joining Pilar Lodge No. 203, Imus, Cavite
by the codename "Colon".
On March 7, 1895, Santiago Alvarez, whose father was a Capitan Municipal (Mayor)
of Noveleta, encouraged Aguinaldo to join the "Katipunan", a secret organization led by Andrés
Bonifacio, dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through
armed force. Aguinaldo joined the organization and used the nom de guerre Magdalo, in honor
of Mary Magdalene. The local chapter of Katipunan in Cavite was established and
named Sangguniang Magdalo, and Aguinaldo's cousin Baldomero Aguinaldo was appointed
leader.
The Katipunan-led Philippine Revolution against the Spanish began in the last week of August
1896 in San Juan del Monte (now part of Metro Manila) However, Aguinaldo and other Cavite
rebels initially refused to join in the offensive because of the lack of arms. While Bonifacio and
other rebels were forced to resort to guerrilla warfare, Aguinaldo and the Cavite rebels won
major victories in carefully planned and well-timed set-piece battles, temporarily driving the
Spanish out of their area. On August 31, 1896, Aguinaldo started the assault beginning as a
skirmish to a full blown revolt (Kawit Revolt). He marched with his army of bolomen to the
town center of Kawit. Prior to the battle, Aguinaldo strictly ordered his men not to kill anyone in
his hometown. Upon his men's arrival at the town center, the guards, armed with Remingtons
and unaware of the preceding events, were caught completely by surprise and surrendered
immediately. The guns there were captured and armed by the Katipuneros, the revolt was a
major success for Aguinaldo and his men. Later that afternoon, they raised the Magdalo flag at
the town hall to a large crowd of people from Kawit all assembled after hearing of their city's
liberation
Manuel L.quezon
Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was a Filipino statesman,
soldier and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from
1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines (as
opposed to the government of previous Philippine states), and is considered to have been the
second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901).
During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His
other major decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a
recommendation for government reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in
Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals
for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government. He established
a government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese
invasion.
It was during his exile in the U.S. that he died of tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. He
was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery until the end of World War II, when his remains
were moved to Manila. His final resting place is the Quezon Memorial Circle.
In 2015, the Board of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation approved a posthumously
bestowal of the Wallenberg Medal upon President Quezon and to the people of the Philippines
for having reached out, between 1937 and 1941, to the victims of the Holocaust.
President Benigno Aquino III, and then-94-year-old María Zenaida Quezon Avanceña, who is
the daughter of the former President, were informed about this recognition. Quezon, was born in
Baler in the district of El Príncipe (now Baler, Aurora). His parents were Lucio Quezon (died
1898) and María Dolores Molina (June 7, 1840 – 1893). His father was a primary grade school
teacher (maestro) from Paco, Manila and a retired Sergeant of the Spanish Civil Guard(sargento
de Guardia Civil), while his mother was a primary grade school teacher (maestra) in their
hometown. His father spoke and taught Spanish as a teacher. His father was a Chinese-Spanish-
Filipino mestizo, while his mother a Spanish-Filipino mestiza.
Although both his parents must have contributed to his education, he received most of his
primary education from the public school established by the Spanish government in his village,
as part of the establishment of the free public education system in the Philippines, as he himself
testified during his speech delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States during
the discussion of Jones Bill, in 1914. He later boarded at the Colegio de San Juan de
Letran where he completed secondary school.
In 1899, Quezon left his law studies at the University of Santo Tomas to join the independence
movement. During the Philippine–American War he was an aide-de-camp to Emilio
Aguinaldo. He rose to the rank of Major and fought in the Bataan sector. However, after
surrendering in 1900 wherein he made his first break in the American press, Quezon returned to
the university and passed the bar examinations in 1903, achieving fourth place.
Jose P. laurel
osé Paciano Laurel y García, CCLH (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was
a Filipino politician and judge. He was the president of the Second Philippine Republic, a
Japanese puppet state when occupied during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. Since the
administration of President Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been officially
recognized by later administrations as a former president of the Philippines.
osé Paciano Laurel y García was born on March 9, 1891 in the town of Tanauan, Batangas. His
parents were Sotero Laurel I and Jacoba García. His father had been an official in the
revolutionary government of Emilio Aguinaldo and a signatory to the 1899 Malolos
Constitution.
While a teen, Laurel was indicted for attempted murder when he almost killed a rival suitor of
the girl he stole a kiss from with a fan knife. While studying and finishing law school, he argued
for and received an acquittal.
Laurel received his law degree from the University of the Philippines College of Law in 1915,
where he studied under Dean George A. Malcolm, whom he would later succeed on the Supreme
Court. He then obtained a Master of Laws degree from University of Santo Tomas in 1919.
Laurel then attended Yale Law School, where he obtained his J.S.D. degree.
Laurel began his life in public service while a student, as a messenger in the Bureau of Forestry
then as a clerk in the Code Committee tasked with the codification of Philippine laws. During his
work for the Code Committee, he was introduced to its head, Thomas A. Street, a
future Supreme Court Justice who would be a mentor to the young Laurel.
Upon his return from Yale, Laurel was appointed first as Undersecretary of the Interior
Department, then promoted as Secretary of the Interior in 1922. In that post, he would frequently
clash with the American Governor-General Leonard Wood, and eventually, in 1923, resign from
his position together with other Cabinet members in protest of Wood's administration. His
clashes with Wood solidified Laurel's nationalist credentials.
Laurel was a member of the Philippine fraternity Upsilon Sigma Phi.

n 1925 Laurel was elected to the Philippine Senate. He would serve for one term before losing
his re-election bid in 1931 to Claro M. Recto. He retired to private practice, but by 1934, he was
again elected to public office, this time as a delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention.
Hailed as one of the "Seven Wise Men of the Convention", he would sponsor the provisions on
the Bill of Rights. Following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution and the establishment of
the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Laurel was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court on February 29, 1936.
Sergio osmeñia

Sergio Osmeña Sr., PLH, (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾ.hjo ozˈmeɲa]; 9 September 1878 – 19
October 1961) was a Filipino politician who served as the fourth President of the
Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon Quezon's
sudden death in 1944, Osmeña succeeded him, at age 65, becoming the oldest holder of the
office (a record he held until 71-year-old Rodrigo Duterte was elected in 2016). A founder of
the Nacionalista Party, Osmeña was also the first Visayan to become president.
Prior to his accession in 1944, Osmeña served as Governor of Cebu from 1906 to 1907, Member
and first Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1907 to 1922, and Senator
from the 10th Senatorial District for thirteen years, in which capacity he served as Senate
President pro tempore. In 1935, he was nominated to be the running-mate of Senate
President Manuel L. Quezon for the presidential election that year. The duo were
overwhelmingly re-elected in 1941.
He was the patriarch of the prominent Osmeña family, which includes his son, former
Senator Sergio Osmeña Jr., and his grandsons, senators Sergio Osmeña III and John Henry
Osmeña, ex-governor Lito Osmeña and Cebu City mayor Tomas Osmeña.
smeña was born in Cebu City to Juana Osmeña y Suico, who was reportedly only 14 years of age
at the time. Owing to the circumstances of his birth, the identity of his father had been a closely
guarded family secret, surnamed "Sanson". Although carrying the stigma of being an illegitimate
child – Juana never married his father – he did not allow this aspect to affect his standing in
society. The Osmeña family, a rich and prominent clan of Chinese Filipino heritage with vast
business interests in Cebu, warmed to him as he established himself as a prominent figure in
local society.
Osmeña received his elementary education at the Colegio de San Carlos and graduated in 1892.
Osmeña continued his education in Manila, studying in San Juan de Letran College where he
first met Manuel L. Quezon, a classmate of his, as well as Juan Sumulongand Emilio Jacinto. He
took up law at the University of Santo Tomas and was second place in the bar examination in
1903. He served on the war staff of General Emilio Aguinaldo as a courier and journalist. In
1900, he founded the Cebu newspaper, El Nuevo Día[English: 'The New Day'] which lasted for
three years.