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Vocal Style: Times Noted That On Some Tracks, "He Gulps For Breath, His Voice Quivers With Anxiety or Drops To A

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Vocal style

Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed. Between 1971 and
1975, his voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor.[415] He was known for his vocal
range.[416] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well
regarded; Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder,
and wrote that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a
startling falsetto that's used very daringly."[417] By the time of 1982's Thriller, Rolling Stone wrote that
Jackson was singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[399]
The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York
Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a
desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of
brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[408] Of Invincible, Rolling
Stone wrote that, at 43, Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal
harmonies".[418] Joseph Vogel notes Jackson's ability to use non-verbal sounds to express
emotion.[419] Neil McCormick wrote that Jackson's unorthodox singing style "was original and utterly
distinctive".[420]

Music videos and choreography


Jackson released "Thriller", a 14-minute music video directed by John Landis, in
1983.[421] The zombie-themed video "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on MTV, which
had launched two years earlier.[40] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV,
allegedly because he was African American.[422] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start
showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", which led to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, and helped
other black music artists gain recognition.[423] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped the
relatively new channel's viewing figures, and MTV's focus shifted toward pop and R&B.[423][424] His
performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage shows,
making it acceptable for artists to lip-sync to music video on stage.[425] The choreography
in Thriller has been copied in Indian films and prisons in the Philippines.[426] Thriller marked an
increase in scale for music videos, and was named the most successful music video ever by
the Guinness World Records.[197]
In "Bad"'s 19-minute video—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson used sexual imagery and
choreography, and touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Winfrey in the 1993
interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he said it was spontaneously compelled by the
music. Time magazine described the "Bad" video as "infamous". It featured Wesley Snipes;
Jackson's later videos often featured famous cameo roles.[427][428] For the "Smooth Criminal" video,
Jackson experimented with leaning forward at a 45 degree angle, beyond the performer's center of
gravity. To accomplish this live, Jackson and designers developed a special shoe to lock the
performer's feet to the stage, allowing them to lean forward. They were granted U.S. Patent
5,255,452 for the device.[429] The video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, but
in 1989 was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards[430] and won a Golden Lion Award for
its special effects. It won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[58]
He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988; in 2001 the award was renamed in his
honor.[431] The "Black or White" video simultaneously premiered on November 14, 1991, in 27
countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest audience ever for a music
video at the time.[158] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George
Wendt. It helped introduce morphing to music videos.[432] It was controversial for scenes in which
Jackson rubs his crotch, vandalizes cars, and throws a garbage can through a storefront. He
apologized and removed the final scene of the video.[148]
"In the Closet" featured Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson.[433] "Remember the
Time" was set in ancient Egypt, and featured Eddie Murphy, Iman, and Magic Johnson.[434] The video
for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, gained a record
11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations, and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and
"Best Art Direction".[435] The song and its video are Jackson's response to being accused of child
molestation in 1993.[436] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form. It has been
reported as the most expensive music video ever made, at $7 million;[437] Romanek has contradicted
this.[438] The "Earth Song" video was nominated for the 1997 Grammy for Best Music Video, Short
Form.[439]
Michael Jackson's Ghosts, a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan
Winston, premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. At over 38 minutes long, it held the Guinness
world record for the longest music video until 2013, when it was eclipsed by Pharrell Williams'
"Happy".[440] The 2001 video for "You Rock My World" lasts over 13 minutes, was directed by Paul
Hunter, and features Chris Tucker and Marlon Brando.[441] It won an NAACP Image Award for
Outstanding Music Video in 2002.[442]
In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected "Thriller" as the only music video to be
preserved in the National Film Registry, as a work of "enduring importance to American
culture".[443][444] Huey wrote that Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a
promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameos,
while breaking down racial barriers.[8]

Honors and awards


See also: List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson

Thriller platinum record on display at the Hard Rock Cafe, Hollywood in Universal City, California

Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, set in 1984

Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as a member of the Jacksons, and
in 1984 as a solo artist. He also won the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the
Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award and the Bambi Pop Artist of the
Millennium Award.[445] He was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The
Jackson 5 in 1997, and again as a solo artist in 2001.[446] In 2002 he was added to the Songwriters
Hall of Fame.[447] In 2010, Jackson was the first pop and rock 'n' roll performer inducted into
the Dance Hall of Fame,[448] and in 2014 he was posthumously inducted into the Rhythm and Blues
Music Hall of Fame.[449]
Jackson won hundreds of awards, more than any other popular music recording artist.[450] His awards
include many Guinness world records (eight in 2006 alone), including Most Successful Entertainer of
All Time,[363][364] 13 Grammy Awards[451] the Grammy Legend Award[452] and the Grammy Lifetime
Achievement Award,[453] and a record 26 American Music Awards (including the "Artist of the
Century" and "Artist of the 1980s").[215]—13 number-one singles in the US in his solo career—more
than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era[454]—and estimated sales of over 350 million records
worldwide[455][Note 1] making him one of the best-selling artists in music history.[456]
Jackson received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University in 1988.[457] On
December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a "moment of
significance".[458]

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