Vicar Case

H5_Vicar_Sergio
Vicar International Construction vs FEB Leasing and Finances

456 SCRA 588
GR No. 157195 April 22, 2005
FACTS
A Complaint for unjust enrichment and damages, filed in the Regional Trial Court of Makati by
herein petitioner, Vicar International Construction, Inc. (Vicar), against Respondent FEB Leasing and
Finance Corporation (now BPI Leasing Corporation) and the Far East Bank and Trust Company. In turn,
FEB Leasing and Finance Corporation filed a Complaint against Vicar, Carmelita Chaneco Lim and one
John Doe, for a sum of money, damages and replevin.
These Complaints stemmed from loans obtained from FEB by Vicar, a corporation engaged in the
construction business, for the purchase of certain heavy equipment. In obtaining the loans, Deeds of
Absolute Sale with a lease-back provision were executed by the parties. In those Deeds, Vicar appears to
have sold to FEB the equipment purchased with the loan proceeds and, at the same time, leased them
back. For the total loan of P30,315,494, Vicar claims to have paid FEB an aggregate amount of
P19,042,908 in monthly amortizations. Nevertheless, FEB maintains that Vicar still had an outstanding
balance of about P22,000,000, despite the extrajudicial foreclosure of sixty-three (63) subdivision lots.
These lots, comprising an aggregate area of 20,300 square meters in Calamba, Laguna, were used by the
corporation as additional collateral. As a consequence, the auction sale produced P17,000,000 which,
Vicar claims, should have been applied to its loans.
In the course of the second (replevin) case, the trial court issued several Orders pertaining to the
possession/custody of eight (8) units of the subject equipment. In an Order, the regional trial court (RTC)
quashed the property counter bond filed by Vicar and denied the latter’s Motion to Dismiss the
Complaint, which was grounded on forum shopping. In an Order, the RTC denied the corporations
Motion for Reconsideration and Motion for Voluntary Inhibition of the trial judge.
Vicar filed a Petition for Certiorari before the Court of Appeals, to stop the implementation of
the Writ of Replevin issued against the subject equipment. The Petition was, however, instantly
dismissed by the CA in its herein assailed Resolution because the Verification and the Certification
against forum shopping had been executed by Petitioner Carmelita V. Lim without any showing that she
had the authority to sign for and on behalf of petitioner-corporation. The day after receiving its copy of
the Resolution, Vicar filed an Omnibus Motion for Reconsideration and for Admission of the Attached
Secretary’s Certificate. Nevertheless, the CA denied the Omnibus Motion, hence this petition.
ISSUE
Whether or not, the Court of Appeals erred in summarily dismissing the Petition for Certiorari
due to the delay of the certification of the secretary.
RULING
No.
Petitioners assert that Carmelita V. Lim was duly authorized to execute, for and on behalf of
Vicar, the Verification and Certification against forum shopping. Attached to the Petition and signed by
Petitioner Lim was the Verification/Certification, in which was explicitly stated the authorization and
affirmation. Their counsel allegedly believed in good faith that the secretary’s Certificate was attached to
the Petition. Petitioners submit that the foregoing circumstances constitute compelling reasons to justify
setting aside the procedural defect. Further, citing Yap v. Baldado, they contend that their posthaste
submission of the secretary’s Certificate, albeit after the filing of their Petition, constitutes substantial
compliance with the requirements of the law. Finally, they aver that pursuant to the policy of the law to
afford parties the fullest opportunity to establish the merits of their case, the CA should have given due
course to their Petition.
Further, citing several cases excusing noncompliance with the requirement of a certificate of
non-forum shopping, the Court held that with more reason should the instant petition be allowed since
petitioner herein did submit a certification on non-forum shopping, failing only to show proof that the
signatory was authorized to do so. The Court further said that the subsequent submission of the
Secretary’s Certificate, attesting that the signatory to the certification was authorized to file the action on
behalf of petitioner, mitigated the oversight. Under those circumstances, the Court held that there was
at least substantial compliance with, and that there was no attempt to ignore, the prescribed procedural
requirements, except that the petition was not accompanied by a board resolution or a secretary’s
certificate that the person who signed it was duly authorized by petitioner to represent it in the case.
The Certificate was submitted to the CA on the day right after it had denied the Petition. Such swiftness
of action indicates that the Resolution -- authorizing Petitioner Lim to file the Petition and execute the
Verification and the Certification against forum shopping on behalf of Petitioner Vicar -- did exist at the
time the Petition was filed. Such fact also lends credence to the assertion of petitioners that it was only
due to inadvertence and oversight that they failed to attach the Secretary’s Certificate to their Petition
for Certiorari. The Court stresses once more that technical rules of procedure should be used to
promote, not frustrate, justice. While the swift unclogging of court dockets is a laudable objective, the
granting of substantial justice is an even more urgent ideal. Rules of procedure are but tools designed to
facilitate, not obstruct, the attainment of justice.

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Vicar International Construction vs FEB Leasing and Finances

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