The Life of Dr. Jose P.

Rizal

JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO y ALONZO REALONDA

Jose Rizal
 He was named Jose in honor of San Jose (St. Joseph)
 While his surname Rizal meaning green fields
 Jose Rizal is the only one in the family who uses Rizal as surname
 He has a skinny physique and frail body
 7th child of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos.
 Has 1 brother and 9 sisters.

June 19, 1861
 The day Rizal was born at the town of Calamba, Laguna.

June 22, 1861

 He was baptized at the Calamba Catholic Church by the parish priest;
 Rev. Rufino Collantes a batangueño priest and
 Rev. Pedro Casañas as the sponsor. He is also a close friend of Rizal family and stood as Jose
Rizal’s “godfather”.

EARLY EDUCATION

EDUCATION AT CALAMBA

The Hero’s First Teacher

 Doña Teodora
o The mother of Rizal was his first non-formal teacher who teaches him the alphabet and
prayer at the age of 3.
 Private tutors of Rizal
 Maestro Celestino
o Amadeu Celestino was born on March 13, 1910
o Jose’s first tutor
 Maestro Lucas Padua
o Was the second tutor of Jose
 Leon Monroy
o live at Rizal’s house to became the hero’s tutor in Spanish and Latin. He was also a
classmate of Jose’s father Don Francisco.
o died 5 months later

UNCLE’S OF JOSE

 Uncle Jose Alberto

o Jose Alberto de Quintos Alonzo
 o Had studies for 11 years in a British school in inspired him to develop his artistic ability.
o Took care of teaching regular lessons to Jose. Give wise direction in the studies of Jose.
 Uncle Gregorio
o Gregorio de Quintos Alonzo
o A book lover, intensified his voracious reading of good book.
o Instilled the mind of Jose the love for education and that it was not easy to obtain
something until you put effort into it.
 Uncle Manuel Alberto
o Manuel de Quintos Alonzo
o A husky and athletic man, encouraged him to develop his frail body by means of physical
exercise.
o Developed Jose’s physique until he had a body of silk and steel and no longer a skinny
and sickly boy.
o He also taught Jose the love for open air and admiration to the beauty of nature.

EDUCATION AT BIÑAN

 JUNE 1869
o Jose Rizal left Calamba and goes to Biñan.
o Carromata
o and lodged into the house of Jose’s aunt.
 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
o “A Tall thin, long necked man, with sharp nose and body bent slightly forward” as Jose
described his teacher in Biñan.

First School Fight of Jose at Biñan

 Pedro – son of maestro Justiniano who bully Jose.

 Andres Saladan – battle Jose into an arm wrestling fight.

 It was also said that Rizal’s Average fights per day is equivalent to 2 fights everyday with the
Biñan Boys.

Juancho
 An old painter who is a father-in-law of the school teacher Maestro Justiniano.
 The one who freely gave Jose painting lessons.
 Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra has said to become apprentice of the artist old
Juancho.

December 17, 1870

 Jose left Biñan on Saturday afternoon, after one year and a half schooling in that town and
boarded the steamer Talim with Arturo Camps.
 Arturo Camps – a frenchman and a friend of Don Francisco who accompanied and took care
of Jose Rizal during its trip back to Calamba.
 RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD YEARS

 He has given the most tender care and love from his parents.
 His father built a Nipa cottage where he can play and watch for fowls, birds, and plants in the
garden.
 Daily angelus prayer
 Loves to walk during night time at the town plaza with his yaya or maid Ina Munda.
 He also loved to listen to his yaya’s stories about fairies, imaginary tales, folk stories, myths,
and legends.
 He also wanted to watch the moo in the sky from his azotea.
 He also owned a pony and use to have long rides with it in their place.
 He also walked and play with his big black dog named Usman
 Rizal also is good in hand tricks. (magic and puppets)
 At the age of 5 Jose began to draw with his pencil and mold it in clay and wax objects which
attracted him.

SORROWS AND TRAGEDIES IN RIZALS LIFE

 The Death of young Concha
- The death of Rizal’s younger sister Concepcion due to sickness.
- Has said to be the first sorrow of Rizal
 The malicious charge that caused a tremendous impact on Rizal’s life
- The accusation of Teodora Formosa (the wife of Jose Alberto) to the mother of
Rizal, in which Teodora Formosa stated that Dona Teodora and Jose Alberto her
husband tried to kill her by putting a poison to the food Dona Teodora gave to
her.
- Dona Teodora was arrested and forced to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz, a
distance of 50 km.
 The Cavite Uprising in 1872
 The harsh treatment Rizal’s town mates had to endure at the hands of Spanish guardia civil.
 The rude treatment of child and women.

RIZAL AT ATENEO AND UST (FIRST YEAR TERM 1872-1873)

 In 1872, Rizal was sent by his parents to Manila for further schooling.
 He passed the entrance examination on Christian doctrine, Arithmetic and Reading at the college
of San Juan de Letran, a dominican-owned school.
 After taking the examination, he returned home to Calamba to attend the town fiesta.
 Don Francisco, who first wanted Rizal to study at Letran changed his mind and decided to send
him to Ateneo instead.
 His supposed entrance to Ateneo Municipal (which became Ateneo de Manila later) was first
rejected by Father Magin Fernando, the college registrar, because Rizal was late for registration
and was sickly and undersized of his age of 11 years. However, his brother Paciano, a former aid
of martyred Father Jose Burgos, pleaded to Manuel Xerex Burgos to intercede. At last Jose Rizal
(his registered name at Ateneo) was admitted in the school but was assigned to sit at the last
row of the class.
 At the time Rizal studied at Ateneo, the school was located in Intramuros.
 Rizal boarded a house on caraballo street which was owned by a spinster Titay. Rizal boarded her
house in order to collect a part of the 300 pesos debt of Titay.
 The Jesuit system of education at Ateneo was more advanced than the other colleges in that
period. It trained rigid discipline and religious instruction and promoted physical culture,
humanitied and scientific studies. It offered courses in Bachelor of Arts and vocational courses.
Students heard mass in the morning before beginning classes. Classes in every subject were
opened and closed with prayers.
 Students were divided into two groups, the Roman Empire consisting of the internos (boarders)
and the Carthaginians Empire composed of externos (non-boarders). For the Romans, they have
red banners and for the Carthaginians, a blue banner. They were in constant competition for
supremacy in the class. The students wore a school uniform consisted of hemp-fabric trouser
and striped cotton coat.
 On his first day in class at Ateneo on June 1872, he heard mass at the college.
 Rizal's first professor at Ateneo was Father Jose Bech, a tall, thin man, an ascetic face, and a
sharp nose like-Greek.
 At first, Rizal was a Carthaginian occupying the end of the line but after one month, he became
the Emperor, the brightest pupil in the class and was awarded a religious picture as a prize - the
first prize he ever won at the Ateneo.
 During noon recesses, he took private lessons in Santa Isabel College to improve his Spanish. He
paid three pesos for extra Spanish lessons.
 During the second term at Ateneo, he only placed second in rank because he resented some of
the remarks of his profession - although all his grades were still marked excellent.
 Rizal returned to Calamba on March 1873 for summer vacation. But he did not enjoy the
vacation because his mother was in prison. To cheer his sadness, Neneng (Saturnina) his sister
brought him to Tanauan. Still, he was sad. Without telling his father, he went to Santa Cruz to
visit his mother in jail and showed his brilliant grades - which made her mother very happy.
 At the end of the summer vacation in 1873, Rizal returned to Manila to enroll in second year
term. This time he boarded inside Intramuros at No.6 Magallanes Street at the house owned by
Doña Pepang, an old widow.

SECOND YEAR TERM (1873-1874)

 During his second year term, some of his classmates were new at Biñan, under Maestro Cruz.
 At first, he neglected his studies because he was offended by the remarks of his teachers but
regained his lost class leadership and again became "emperor".
 At the end of the school year, he received excellent grades in all subjects and two gold medals -
one in topography and another in agriculture. He was later qualified as a surveyor and expert
assessor. He returned to Calamba in March 1874 for the summer vacation.

SUMMER VACATION
 Losing no time, he went to Santa Cruz to visit his mother in the provincial jail with news of his
scholastic performance at Ateneo. His mother was very happy of his news.
 In the course of their conversation, his mother told her of her dream the previous night. Rizal
interpreted her dream that she would be relieved from prison after three months. Barely three
months, Doña Teodora was released from prison and happily went home to Calamba. Rizal's
prophecy about his mother became true.
 During his summer vacation, Rizal began to take interest in reading romantic tales, love stories,
romantic novels, fiction and non-fiction stories. His first favorite novel The count of Monte Cristo
 made a deep impression on him. He also read Travels in the Philippines written by Dr. Feodor
Jagor.

THIRD YEAR TERM (1874-1875)

 At the opening of the school year in June 1874, her mother arrived and joyously told him that
she was released from prison and Rizal's prediction came true.
 Despite the family's happiness, Rizal did not make an excellent showing unlike in the previous
year. Though he was excellent in all the subjects, he won only one medal in Latin. He did not win
the medal in Spanish. He was beaten by a Spanish student who could naturally speak in Spanish.
 By the end of March 1875, he returned to Calamba for a summer vacation.

FOURTH YEAR TERM (1876-1877)

 He returned to Manila in June 1876 for his fourth year term.
 He finished his last term in Bachelor of Arts and obtained the highest grades (excellent - 97% to
100%) in all subjects - Philosophy, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Language, Mineralogy, Zoology,
etc.
 He graduated as a valedictorian in commencement day held on March 23, 1877. He was nearly
16 years old.

EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS (UST)

 Both Paciano and Don Francisco wanted Rizal to enter a university but Doña Teodora opposed
the idea because the Spaniards might "cut-off his head".
 The Bachelor of Arts course during the Spanish time was only equivalent to high school diploma
or junior college course today.
 In April 1877, when Rizal was nearly 16 years old, he enrolled at UST. He took up Philosophy and
Letters because his Father liked it and he was uncertain as to what course he would pursue.
 At first, he was attracted to priesthood (he could have been a Jesuit priest). The Jesuit fathers
wanted him to take up farming but Rizal's choice was between Literature and Law and Medicine.
Having a talent for self-expression and a keen sense of justice he would have been a brilliant
lawyer.
 Having received Father Pablo Ramon's (Rector of Ateneo) advice to study medicine, he took up
medical course enrolling simultaneously in pre-medical course and regular medical course.
 While at UST, he also studied at Ateneo taking up vocational course leading to the title perito
agrimensor (expert surveyor). He excelled in all subjects in surveying course and obtained gold
medals in agriculture and topography.
 He passed the final examination in surveying course but the title was not issued to him because
he was only 17 years old, underage. The title was finally issued to him on November 25,1881.
 While at Ateneo pursuing the surveying course, he bacame active in extracurricular activities. He
was elected president of the Academy of Spanish Literature and Secretary of the Academy of
Spanish Literature. He was also a Secretary of the Marian Congregation.
 While at UST, he fell in love with three (3) women. During his first year, he fell in love with a
woman simply called "Miss L", a woman with a fair, seductive and attractive eyes. The romance
died a natural death because of the two reasons: (1) the sweet memory of Segunda Katigbak
(the first sweetheart of Rizal) was still fresh in his memory and (2) Rizal's father did not like the
family of "Miss L". The identity of "Miss L" was lost in history.
  During his sophomore year, he courted Leonor Valenzuela (Orang), a tall girl with regal bearing.
Rizal sent her love notes in invisible ink (combination of salt and water). Nevertheless, he taught
Orang to heat it over a candle or lamp so that the words may appear. But as with Segunda
Katigbak, he also stopped visiting the woman.
 During his junior year, Rizal had a romance with Leonor Rivera, of Camiling, Tarlac. Leonor Rivera,
a frail, pretty girl and a student of La Concordia College. Both Riza and Leonor were engaged.
Rizal used a sign name "Taimis" to camouflage their relationship from their parents.
 Rizal studied at UST from 1878 to 1882. His grade in the medical subjects consisted of 2
excellent, 3 very good, 8 good and 2 fair (Physics, General Pathology). The subjects of which he
got excellent grades were cosmology and metaphysics, theodocy, history of philosophy
(philosophy and letter all in Ateneo) and Chemistry amd Therapeutics in Medicine (UST). His
grades at UST College of medicine were not as impressive as what he got at Ateneo Philosophy
and Letters due to the hostility of the Dominican professors to him, backward method of
instructions (subjects were taught without laboratory experiments, laboratory apparatusses
were just kept inside the showcases for display purposes and racial discrimination against
Filipino students.
 During his college days at UST and Ateneo, Rizal was involved with brawls and Spanish brutality.
During the summer vacation in 1878, while walking on a dimly street not knowing the figure
close to him, he did not greet and say "Good evening". The vague figure (turned out to be
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil, struck Rizal's back with his sword. The wound, though not
serious, lasted for two weeks. He reported the incident to Pardo de Tavera, Spanish Governer
General, but nothing came out of his complaint.
 In another student brawl near Escolta in Manila, Rizal was wounded on the head. His Filipino
friends brought him bleeding and covered with dust to his boarding house, "Casa Tomasina",
Leonor Rivera, one of his sweethearts, washed and dressed his wound.
 Unlike in Ateneo, Rizal was unhappy in UST because the dominican university professors were
hostile to him: The Filipinos who were called "Indios" were discriminated against by the
Spaniards, and the method of instructios was obsolete and repressive.
 After completing the fourth year term in medicine, Rizal decided to study in Spain because he
could no longer endure the discrimination and oppression at UST and in Spain the professors
were more liberal than those at UST.

RIZALS FIRST TRAVEL

RIZALS DEPATURE FOR SPAIN
 After finishing the 4th year medical course in UST, Rizal decided to complete his study in Madrid.
 Aside from completing his study, Rizal has a secret mission- to observe keenly the life, culture,
language and customs, industries, commerce and laws of the European nation.
 Rizal’s departure was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish soldiers and friars.

SINGAPORE
MAY 3, 1882
 Rizal departed on board to the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.
 He uses the name Jose Mercado
 Rizal was the only Filipino in the steamer the other were Spanish, Britain and Indian Negros.
FROM SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO
MAY 8, 1882
• Salvadora docked at Singapore
• HOTEL DE LAPAZ- Rizal registered here and spent two days. He saw Botanical garden, Buddhist
temple and the founder of Singapore which is Tomas Stanford Raffles.
MAY 11, 1882
• He boarded the French ship DJEMNAH.
MAY 17, 1882
• He arrived at Point Galle – seacoast town in Ceylon which now called Sri Lanka. He described it
as lovely, quite, picturesque but also sad.

MAY 18, 1882

• He reached Colombo and he describe it as:
“Colombo is more beautiful, smart, elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila.’’
• ADEN- “The city hotter than Manila”.
-Rizal was amazed to see camel for the first time.
• CITY OF SUEZ - Rizal was impressed in the beautiful moonlight which reminded him of Calamba
and his family.

NAPLES AND MERSEILLES

JUNE 11, 1882
• He reached NAPLES
JUNE 12
• The steamer docked at the French harbor of Merseilles.
• Rizal stayed two and a half days.

BARCELONA
MAY 15- Rizal left Marseilles
JUNE 16- Rizal reached Barcelona
• AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country)- Rizal’s first article written on Spain soil. It was a nationalistic essay.
Under his pen name Laong-laan. It was published in two languages, Filipino and Spanish. The Filipino
version was translated by Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Rizal sent this article to his friend Basilio Moran a
publisher of Diariong Tagalog.
• DIARIONG TAGALOG- First Manila bulingual newspaper. Which is Spanish and Tagalog
LOS VIAJES(Travel)- Rizal second article for Diariong Tagalog.
SEPTEMBER 15- • Rizal received a letter from his brother Paciano about the outbreak of cholera in our
country. And he received again a sad news from Chenggoy, Rizal’s friend about the unhappiness of
Leonor Rivera.
• RIZAL LEFT BARCELONA IN THE FALL OF 1882.

LIFE IN MADRID
NOVEMBER 3, 1882
 • Rizal enrolled at the Universidad de Madrid with a two course which is Philosophy and art and
Medicine. He also studied painting and sculpture at the ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS IN SAN
FERNANDO
• Rizal only extravagant that time was investing some money for lottery. He also spent his leisure
time reading and writing and attending some reunions of Filipino students. He also practicing
fencing, shooting and gymnastics. On Saturday he's visiting Don Pablo Ortega Y Rey, he is a
former mayor of manila, who now lived in Madrid with his two child.
• CIRCULO HISPANO-FILIPINO - A society of Spaniards and Filipinos which Rizal joined shortly after
he arrived in Madrid 1882.
• ME PIEDEN VERSUS (They asked me for Verses)- Rizal wrote all letter upon the request of the
members. He personally declaimed it on new year’s eve. The poem is sad and about the cry of
his agonizing heart.

FIRST VISIT TO PARIS 1883

MARCH 1883 - Rizal joined Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid.
JUNE 21, 1884- Rizal completed his study in medicine the Liciente in Medicine.
JUNE 19, 1885 - Rizal's 24th birthday
-Rizal was awarded the degree of Liciente in Philosophy and Letters with the rating of
excellence
JUNE 25, 1885 - Rizal’s salute to Luna and Hidalgo. Rizal was invited to make a speech at the National
Exposition of fine arts in Madrid because two Filipino artist won at that event.
OCTOBER 1885
• MAXIMO VIOLA - Rizal had a stop-over at the Barcelona before he'd gone to Paris. He met his
friend Maximo Viola, a member of rich family from Bulacan.
• SENIOR EUSEBIO COROMINAS – He befriend the editor of La Publisidad because of his work
Caroline Question which has a controversial issue for publication.
NOVEMBER 1885
• Rizal went to Paris and Germany to specialize in Ophthalmology. He went to Paris and live there
for 4 months and become an assistant to Dr. Wecket a French ophthalmology.
• He went to Luna's studio during his free time and he help him by posing for his painting like on
the death of Cleopatra he posed as an Egyptian priest and at the Blood Compact as a sikatuna
• ALINMANG LAHI (Any Race)- a patriotic song Written by Rizal.
FEBRUARY 3, 1886
• Rizal left gay Paris to go to Heidelberg. He lived with a German law student but also leave and
stay at the dorm near the university. Rizal was a good chess player that time and because of that
he became popular and got a lot of German friends. It also said that he left Paris because living a
life there is so very expensive.
• Dr. Otto Becker - Distinguish German ophthalmologist where in Rizal work as an assistant in the
University Eye Hospital.
• Dr. Karll Ulmer - a kind Protestant pastor where Rizal stayed, who became his good friend and
admire.
JUNE 25, 1886
• HE RETURNED TO HEIDELBERG
JULY 31, 1886
• Rizal wrote his first letter in German to professor Blumentritt.
• Professor. Ferdinand Blumentritt - Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria
• Aritmetica (Arithmetic), Rizal sent this book to Blumentritt and it was published in two
languages. (Spanish and Tagalog in 1868 by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez.)
 • Blumentritt, an Austrian ethnologist, became the best friend of Rizal.

HEIDELBERG to LEIPZIG
August 6, 1886
• Heidelberg held its 5th centenary celebration.
August 9, 1886
• Rizal left Heidelberg.
August 14, 1886
• Rizal arrived in Leipzig.
• He attended some lectures at the University of History and Psychology
• He befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel (German Historian)and Dr. Hans Meyer, (German Anthropologist)

While in LEIPZIG
August 14, 1886
• Rizal translated Schiller's William Tell from German into Tagalog.
• He also translated Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy tales into Tagalog.

DRESDEN
October 29, 1886
• Rizal left Leipzig for Dresden.
• He met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of the Anthropologist and Ethnological Museum
• Heard the mass and impresses him.

DRESDEN to BERLIN
November 1, 1886
• Rizal left Dresden by train and reached Berlin in the evening.
• He met for the first time:
1. Dr. Feodor Jagor, Author of Travels in the Philippines
2. Dr. Rudolf Virchow, German Anthropologist
3. Dr. Hans Virchow, Professor of Descriptive Anatomy
4. Dr. W. Joest, noted German Geographer
5. Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger, German Opthalmologist

• Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society and Geographical
Society of Berlin.

LIFE IN BERLIN
• Rizal became impressed with Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and absence of racial race.
• Led a methodical and frugal life.
• Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger and attended lectures at night.
• Took private lessons in French under Madam Lucie Cerdole
• He promenaded along Unter den Linden

Reason for staying in Berlin:

1. To gain further knowledge in Opthalmology
2. Further his studies of sciences and languages
3. Observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation
 4. To associate with famous German scientists
5. To publish his novel Noli Me Tangere

RIZAL's GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA

May 11, 1887
• Accompanied by Maximo Viola, Rizal left Berlin to visit the cities of Europe, including Dresden, Munich,
Nuremberg, Ulm, Lausanne, and Geneva.
• They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
• Went to floral exhibit and Impressed by a painting of "Prometheus Bound."
• They met Dr. Feodor Jagor.
• Rizal and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt.

RIZAL, VIOLA at LEITMERITZ, BOHEMIA

May 13, 1887
• Rizal and Viola on boad a train reached Leitmeritz, Bohemia.
• Professor Blumentritt received their wire and met Rizal and Viola warmly.
• For the first time, Rizal and Blumentritt met in person and greeted each other in fluent German.
• Blumentritt, helped two tourist to get a room at Hotel Krebs and stayed in Leitmeritz.
• They went to a beer garden in Bohemia.
• He met Dr. Carlos Czepelak, a Polish Scholar.

IN THE CITY OF PRAGUE

May 17, 1887
• Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train on their way to the City of Prague.
• They met Dr. Willkomm.
• The two were welcomed by the family of Dr. Willkomm and showed the city's historic spots.
• They visited Tomb of Copernicus, Museum of Natural History, Bacteriological Laboratories, Cave of San
Juan Nepomuceno and Catholic Saint was imprisoned and many more.
• They went to Brunn City, and according to Viola, "nothing of importance happened during their visit."

IN VIENNA
May 20, 1887
• They went to Vienna "The Queen of Danube."
• They met Norfenfals, great novelist in Europe.
• They stayed in Hotel Metropole.
• They met friend of Blumentritt, Masner and Nordmann.
• They left Vienna in May 24, 1887.

DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ

May 24, 1887
• Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of the Danube River.
• Passenger on river boats use paper napkin, which was novelty to him.
• Viola said, "Paper napkin more hygienic and economical than cloth napkin."

LINTZ to SALZBURG, to MUNICH and to NUREMBERG.

• They traveled to Salzburg then Munich after that they went to Nuremberg, one of the oldest cities of
Germany.
In Munich
• They stop for a while to taste the famous Munich Beer.
In Nuremberg
• Impressed by the manufacture of dolls.
• Visited the Ulm.
• They went to Stuttgart and Baden.
• Rheinfall (Cascade of the Rhine), The waterfall of Rheinfall was considered as "The most beautiful
waterfall of Europe."

In Switzerland
• They stayed June 2-3, 1887 at Schaffhausen, Switzerland
• Continued their tour to Basel, Bern and Lausanne.

In GENEVA
June 6, 1887
• Rizal and Viola reached Geneva, Switzerland.
• Rizal wrote to Blumentritt about the Igorot Exposition and how he felt about it.
June 19, 1887
• Rizal treated Viola in his 26th birthday.

In ITALY
June 23-24, 1887
• Rizal and Viola parted ways, Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal continue his tour in Italy.
• From Italy, he visited Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence.

In ROME
June 27, 1887
• Rizal reached Rome, the "Eternal City" and the "City of the Caezars."
• He wrote Blumentritt that Rome is a sanctuary of heroes.
• He had sightseeing on his favorite places like.
• He did not enter cafes and the cafe singers.

In VATICAN
June 29, 1887
• Rizal visited for the first time the Vatican, the "City of the Popes" and the Capital of Christiandom.
• Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul.
• Rizal wrote his father, announcing that he was home coming.

RIZAL RETURNED HOME FROM ABROAD

• After 5 years of sojourn in Europe, he decided to return home to the Philippines.
• Paciano, Silvestre, Ubaldo, Chengoy and other friends warned him not to return home because of
publication of his "Noli Me Tangere"
• Rizal was determined to return home.
July 3, 1887
• Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a french port and boarded Djemnah.
• This steamer have 50 passengers.
• Rizal was the only one who can talk many languages.
July 30, 1887
• In Saigon, he transferred to another steamer Haiphong which was bound for Manila.
August 2, 1887
• Haiphong left Saigon for Manila.

Homecoming
August 8, 1887
• Rizal returned in calamba.
• He established medical clinic.
• Rizal was called the great doctor from Germany "Doctor Uliman."
• Rizal's earnings in:
- P900 few months as a physician
- P5,000 medical fee by Feb 1888
• Rizal opened a gymnasium for the youth and introduced Europeans sport.
• Failure of Rizal
• He Painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba.

RIZAL’S SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD

February 03, 1888
 He was 27 years old, practicing physician and a recognized man of letters.
 Steamer: a boat or ship that is powered by steam.
 Rizal was forced to leave his country for the second time.
 Rizal left Manila for Hongkong on board the ZAFIRO.
 He was sick and sad to leave Calamba.

February 07,1888
 The steamer made a brief stop-over at Amoy (Xiamen)
 Rizal did not get off his ship at Amoy

Three reasons:
 He was not feeling well
 It was raining hard
 He heard that the city was dirty

February 08, 1888

 He arrived in Hongkong and stayed at Victoria Hotel.
 According to Rizal, it was a small but very clean city.
 He was welcomed by Filipino residents like Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio and Manuel
Yriarte. They were former exiles from the Philippines because of the events in 1972.
 While in Hongkong, He observed the noisy celebration of the Chinese New Year: Continuous
explosion of firecrackers
 The noisy audience and music in a Chinese theatre, the marathon lauriat party. He also visited
hongkong cemeteries.
  The Dominican order was the richest religious order in hongkong.
 Dominican order- the order of preachers, is a mendicant catholic religious order founded by the
Spanish priest.

February 18, 1888

•Rizal and Basa visited Macao and boarded the ferry steamer, Ku-kiang.
•The city was small, low and gloomy.
•They stayed at the home of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros.
•Rizal and Basa visited many places like: Theatre, Casino, Cathedral, Churches, Pagodas, Botanical
gardens and Bazaars
•They saw the famous Grotto of Camoens, Portugal's national poet.
 There were many junks, sampans but few steamers.
 The city looked sad and almost dead.
 Don Juan Francisco Lecaros- a Filipino married to a Portuguese lady. Rich and had a wide garder
planted with trees and flowering plants.

February 20, 1888

•Rizal and Basa returned to Hongkong after their two-day sojourn in Macao on board again on the
steamer Ku-Kiang.

February 21, 1888

•They went back to Hongkong and Rizal stayed in Hongkong for almost two weeks.
•While in Hongkong, Jose Sainz de Varonda, a spaniard, was commisioned by the Spanish authorities
to spy on Rizal
 Sainza de Veranda- a former secretary of Gov. Terrero.
February 22, 1888
 Passengers: 2 portuguese, 2 chinese, several british and an American woman protestant
missionary.
 His cabin mate was a british protestant missionary who lived in china for 27 years.

February 22, 1888

•Rizal left Hongkong alone on board the Oceanic an Americal steamer for Japan.
•He liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed but did not liked the food there.

February 28, 1888

•Rizal arrived in Yokohoma Japan and registered at the Grand hotel.
February 29, 1888
 He proceeded to Tokyo and stayed there for six days. (Took a room at Tokyo hotel)
 Japan was to him the "Land of the Cherry Blossoms" because of its natural beauty and charming
manners of the Japanese people.
 Rizal was visited and invited by Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation.
 Although Rizal looked like a Japanese, he did not know the Japanese Language.
 He decided to learn the Japanese language.
 He also studied Kabuki and visited the museum, libraries, art galleries and shrines and villages.
 He was not impressed with the mode of transportation because the rickshaws were drawn by
men.
 He met Seiko-san (O-Sei-San)
 Rizal was impressed of Japan’s culture: the beauty of the country, kimono, hospitality, gift-giving,
politeness thru bowing, few beggars on the streets, few thieves, clean houses, and the Japanese
are happy and industrious people.
 He moved over the Spanish legation because: Staying with Spaniards would save him money and
he believed that he had nothing to hide from them.
 Few days he was able to speak the language.
 Seiko Usui, a pretty Japanese girl and the only daughter of a Japanese samurai. (served as Rizal’s
guide, interpreter, and tutor.)
 They almost met daily as they visited interesting spots of the city.
 Stayed for a month and a half. (45 days)
 He left japan very sad.

April 13, 1888

•Rizal boarded the Belgic.
•He met a passenger, Techo Suchere.
 Techo Suehiro- was a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of human rights. Who
was jailed in his country for his articles and principles and was exiled.
 The ship carried 643 chinese people and other nationalities.

April 28, 1888

• Rizal and Techo arrived in San Francisco Port.
• All passengers were not allowed to land
• After a week of quarantine, they were permitted to land but the Chinese and Japanese of the
second and third class remained on board.
 The ship was placed on a quarantine on the ground that it came from the far east where cholera
epidemic was alleged to be raging.
 Rizal soon discovered that placing the ship under quarantine was promoted by politics
 The american authorities were against cheap labor from china that displaced american laborers
in railroads construction.

May 4, 1888
  Was the day when rizal and other passengers were permitted to land.
 Rizal registered at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco and stayed there for two days.
 At this time the President of United States was George Cleveland.

May 6, 1888
•Rizal left San Francisco to Oakland by ferry boat.
•In Oakland, he took his supper at Sacramento for 75 cents.
 Distance of 9 miles (Sunday at 4:30 pm)
 Slept in his coach.

May 7, 1888
•Rizal boarded a train for a trip across the continent.
•His transcontinental trip ended on Sunday, May 13 at 11:10 am.
 May 7- at Reno, nevada
 May 8- utah, ogden, denver
 May 9- colorado
 May 10- nebraska
 May 11- chicago
 May 12- canada
 May 13- albany

Two years after rizal’s visit to america, jose alejandro, his roommate in Brussels asked rizal on his sad
and good impressions of america.
Rizal’s impression about america
1. Positive
• America was a progressive nation.
• America is a land of great opportunity especially for immigrants
• -it has huge farms, industries and factories
• -It has natural beauty
• -it has a high standard of living
2. Negative
• racial prejudice of the americans which was inconsistent with its principles of liberty, freedom
and democracy.
• a colored man cannot marry a white man
• there were hatred against the chinese.
• “America is the land par excellence of freedom but only for whites.”

May 13, 1888

 •Rizal reached New York on a Sunday morning and stayed three days in the city.
•He called the city, "The Big Town".
•He visited the memorial of George Washington and other scenic and historic places.

May 16, 1888

•He left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome, the second largest ship of the world
during his time.
•Rizal entertained the american and european passengers with his marvelous skills with yo-yo as an
offensive weapon.
May 24, 1888
•Rizal arrived in Liverpool
•Rizal visited the colossal Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island.

May 25, 1888

•Rizal went to London.
•He stayed as a guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor.
•He moved to a boarding house owned by Beckett family.
•He became good friends with Dr. Reinhold Rost.
•Rost was impressed with his manners and called him. "Una Perta De Hombre." Or pearl of a man.
Three reasons why he chose to live in london.
 To improve his knowledge in english
 To study Dr. Antonio de morga’s book succesos de las islas filipinas, which is found in the british
museum.
 London was safe from the spaniards.

Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- an exile of 1872 and a practicing lawyer in london.
Dr. Reinhold Rost- a librarian of the ministry of foreign affairs and an authority on malayan languages
and customs. A sanskrit scholar, the greatest scholar of that century.

May 25, 1888

 He received news from Calamba.
 His greatest achievement in London was annotating of Morga's book.

News he received consists of:

 Persecution of filipino patriots who signed “Anti-Friar petition of 1888”
 Persecution of calamba tenants
  Senators attacking rizal
 Manuel hidalgo, saturnina’s husband was exiled to bohol.
 Laureano viado, his friend, was arrested for possesing copies of noli
 Rev. Vicente Garcia’s favorable defense of the noli.

September 1888
•Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to search for more historical materials in the Bibliotheque
Nationale.
•Rizal was entertained by Juan Luna and His wife.
Luna’s wife is Pas pardo de tavera, they proudly showed to him their little son Andres (nickname
luling)

December 11, 1888

 Rizal went to Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona.
 He met Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, two titans of the Propaganda Movement.
 Met for the first time (marcelo and mariano)

December 24, 1888

•Rizal returned to London and spent Christmas and New Year's Day with the Becketts.
•Rizal sent a Christmas gift to Blumentritt, a bust of Emperador Augustus and a bust of Julius Caesar
to another friend. Dr. Carlos Czepetak.
•The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox. The ventriloquist- a Christmas gift from Rizal's landlady,
Mrs. Beckett.

December 31, 1888

 A Patriotic society was established and inaugurated called Associacion de La Solidaridad with
Rizal chosen as honorary president.
 President: Galicano Apacible
 Vice President: Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Secretary: Manuel Santa Maria
 Treasurer: Mariano Ponce
 Accountant: Jose Ma. Panganiban

January 14, 1889

 Rizal wrote Blumentritt of his proposal establish the "International Association Filipinologists."
Blumentritt gladly supported him.

January 28, 1889

  Rizal wrote a letter addressed to the members of the Associacion La Solidaridad.
 He expressed his thanks of making him honorary president. In his letter he stressed, among
others, that the individual should give way to the welfare of society and he should not expect
rewards or honors for what he does.

February 15, 1889

 Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona.
 La Solidaridad- forth nightly periodical which served as the organ of the Propaganda Movement.

La Solidaridad purpose:
 It aims to work for a peaceful political and social reforms in the ph.
 To portray the deplorable conditions of the ph so that spain may remedy them.
 To oppose the evil forces of reaction
 To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
 To champion the legitimate aspirations of the filipino people to life, democracy and
happiness.

Rizal congratulated lopez and his associates in founding la solidaridad. However, he advised lopez
that great care should be taken in publishing only the truth.

March 19, 1889

 From London, Rizal went to Paris. He organized his compatriots into a society called KIDLAT club.
 Purpose of the society: Bring together the young filipino in the french capital so that they could
enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of the paris universal exposition.

March 25, 1889

 Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers) was the first article of Rizal which appeared in La
Solidaridad.

 The article was about the hindrances/ reasons why our agriculture was not improving, First
reason: natural disaster, Second: the people.

May 06, 1889

 Rizal and his friends attended the opening ceremonies of the Universal Exposition of Paris.
 The exposition drew a vast crowd of tourists and people of more than 200,000.
 The greatest attraction of the exposition was the eiffel tower which was built by Alexander Eiffel,
a famous french engineer.
 An international Art competition was held in which Felix R. Hidalgo painting won second
prize.Felix Pardo de tavera and juan luna’s paintings obtained third prize while rizal’s entry (a
bust) did not qualify for the exhibition.
June 24, 1889
 Rizal stood as baptismal godfather to a baby girl born to Juan Luna and Paz Paedo de Tavera.
 Rizal chose the name of the baby girl, “Marie de la paz, blanca, laureana, hermenegilda juana y
pardo de tavera”

August 1889
Rizal scheduled the holding of the inaugural convention of the "International Association of
Filipinologists” in Paris.
Aim is to study the ph from the scientific and historical point of view.
 President: Dr. Ferninand Blumentritt (Austrian)
 Vice president: Mr. Edmund Plauchat (French)
 Counselor: Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-german)
 Counselor: Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor. (Fil-spanish)
 Secretary- Rizal (Filipino)

The inaugural convention did not materialize bc the french govern. Discouraged the holding of
conferences by private org during the period of the international exposition.

September 21, 1889

 Rizal founded another society during the Universal Exposition in Paris. The society was called
Redencion de los Malayos. (Redemption of the Malays) or with initials R.D.L.M Society.
 Rizal rigidly guarded its secret existence.
 Some of its members were Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio, dorente, marcelo h. Del pilar,
mariano ponce, baldomero roxas, and father jose maria chongco (filipino priest)

December 25, 1889

 Rizal and Jose Albert planned to have a sumptuous dinner by preparing a Christmas dinner.
 It consist of fried chicken, rice and vegetable. The dinner was the last christmas dinner of rizal in
paris.

He left paris for two reasons

1. The cost of living in paris was very high and his money was dwindling
2. The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works, especially the writing of his second
novel El filibusterismo.

January 15, 1890

 Rizal complained of a terrible headache but he was not stricken with flu which was an epidemic
raging Europe at that time.
January 28, 1890
 Rizal arrived in Brussels, Belgium. Jose Albert accompanied him to Brussels. He also lived with
Jose Alejandro.
 They lived in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two
Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie).
 Later Albert, Left the city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro, an engineering student.

June 20, 1890

 Rizal wrote Marcelo H. Del Pilar to serve as the Lawyer in a land case that was appealed by the
Rizal family to the Supreme Court in Spain. The Rizal family lost the case against the Dominicans
in Manila.

July 09, 1890

 Rizal wrote Mariano Ponce of Graciano Lopez Jaena’s plan of going to Cuba

 He said that Graciano should not go to Cuba to die of yellow fever instead he should go back to
the Philippines to allow himself to be killed in defense of his deals.

July 18, 1890

 Rizal also wrote Ponce of his determination to go home because of the suffering that affect his
family.

 His parents, relatives, and friends in the Philippines were persecuted.

 But his friends, Blumentritt, Basa and ponce warned him of danger. He changed his mind of
going home because he heard from Paciano that they lost the agrarian case.

July 29, 1890

 Rizal again wrote Ponce on his desire to leave Brussels to go to Madrid.

 While Rizal was in Brussels, he had an amorous relationship with Suzanne Jacoby, a petite
Belgian girl who fell in love with Rizal.
 She cried when Rizal left toward the end.

Early in august 1890

 Rizal arrived in Madrid. He immediately sought the help of the Filipino Colony, The Association-
Hispona-Filipina and the Liberal Spanish newspapers.
 In order to protest the injustices committed by Governor General Valeriano Weyler and the
Dominican friars against the calamba people.
August 19, 1890
 Rizal received a sad news on the untimely death of his friend, Jose Ma. Panganiban.
 Jose Ma. Panganiban: a talented bicolano and co-workers in the propaganda movement.
Panganiban died in Barcelona on this date after a lingering illness.

August 30, 1890

 Rizal attended a social reunion of the Filipinos in Madrid.
 Juan luna, who was no longer sober and was jealous of rizal because he was frustrated in his
romance with Nellie Boustead. He made unsavoury remarks against Nellie. Rizal who have high
sense of chivalry heard luna's unsavoury remarks.
 He challenged the latter to a duel. The Filipinos who were present during the occasion pacified
the two pointing out to both that such a duel would jeopardize their cause in spain.
 When luna became sober, he realized his bad remarks against Nellie and thereafter apologized
to rizal. Rizal accepted his apology and the two became friends again.
 On another occasion, Rizal challenged Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy. Retana used to
attact the Filipinos including Rizal in various newspapers in Madrid and other cities in spain. Also,
Retana published in the newspapers that Rizal’s family had not paid their rents to the Dominican
orders so that they were ejected from their lands in calamba.

Angered by the insult of Retana, Rizal challenged him to a duel. To save his own skin, Retana, at once
published a retraction and an apology in the newspapers.

September 1890
 Rizal’s family received a Dominicans order to dispossess (alisan ng pag-aari) the land from
them.
 Dominican Order also known as the order of Preachers is a merchant Catholic religious order
by the Spanish priest Dominic.
 It is because of the article wrote by Wenceslao E. Retana- (Rizal’s bitter enemy of the pen, a
talented Spanish scholar, was then a press agent of the friars in Spain. He used to attack the
Filipinos in various newspapers in Madrid and other cities in Spain.) In La Epoca-(a liberal
weekly newspaper that operated in Guatemala for four months in 1988), asserting that the
family of Rizal did not paid their rents.
 The Calamba Tenants were persecuted (inusig, pinahirapan, ginulo).
 Since then, the family of Rizal lived in the house of Narcisa-Antonio Lopez’s wife.
 Because of what happened in the Family of Rizal, he wanted to go home. Pero pinigilan siya
ng kaniyang mga kaibigan na sina Basa, Blumentritt at Ponce dahil delikado daw.
 Hindi na din tumuloy si Rizal dahil sa natanggap niyang sulat na natalo daw yung agrarian
case nila.
December 1890
 Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing her marriage to an English man -Henry
Kipping (the choice of her mother) and asking for forgiveness.
 Rizal, who was engaged with Leonor Rivera, was left heart broken.
 Later Part of December
 Rizal and M.H del Pilar were rivals for supremacy.
 Rizal tried to imbue compatriots with his own idealism- (high standards of: morality, dignity and
spirit of sacrifice, unfortunately, hindi nagustuhan ng ibang supporters niya na ang gusto ay alak,
babae at sugal kaya lumipat sila del pilar.

January 01 1891
 Nag cause ito ng pagkakawatak watak ng mga Pilipino dun sa Madrid, kaya napagdesisyunan
niyang idecline or isuko yung gusto niyang posisyon.
 Rizal retired from the propaganda movement at nag focus nalang siya sa publication ng second
novel niya, practiced his medical profession and more vigorous campaign for his country.

February 01, 1891

 Dahil sa dami ng problema ni rizal nun, naisip niya munang magpahinga, pumunta siya sa
Biarritz-an elegant seaside town on Southwestern France.
 He stayed a guest at the Boustead family. He fell in love with nelly. With the encouragement
of Luna, Rizal courted her. But the relationship did not work because of the two reasons:
1. Rizal refused to give up his Catholic Faith and be converted to Protestants and
2. Nelly’s mother did not want him to be Son-in-law.
3.
February 04, 1891
 M.H del Pilar teased Rizal to change the ‘O’ in Noli Me Tangere to ‘E’ to become Nelly.

February 07, 1891

 The Filipinos put up RESPONSABLE- a leader who would act as spokesman of the Filipino and
also to determine the editorial policy of La Solidaridad.
 2/3 of votes
  Rizal graciously declined his coveted position because he did not want his countrymen to be
divided.

March 29, 1891

 The eve of his departure from Biarittz to Paris. He finished the writing of the manuscript of El
Fili, however he planned to revised some chapters.

April 04, 1891

 Rizal wrote to his friend Jose Ma. Basa, who was in Hongkong of his desire to go to the British
Colony-British empire-worldwide system of dependencies- colonies, protectorates and territories
 He also requested Basa to advance him the amount for a first steamer ticket from Europe to
hongkong.

April 15, 1891

 Rizal went back to Brussels where he was happily received by the jacoby land ladies and by
petite Suzanne (the Belgian who in loved with him).

May 01, 1891

 Rizal notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila na icancel yung kanyang monthly allowance
at ibigay para sa edukasyon ng mga batang Filipino sa Europe.
 Kasunod ng pag retire niya sa Propaganda movement, tinigil na din niya yung pagsulat niya sa La
solidaridad.

May 30, 1891

 Rizal almost completed the revision of El Fili and readied it for printing.

June 13, 1891

 Rizal informed Basa that he was negotiating with a printing firm of his Fili- Meyer Van Loo Press
(No. 66 Viaanderen Street)-offered the lowest price of printing.

July 05, 1891

 Rizal left Brussels for Ghent- a famous university city in Belgium.
  Rizal moved to Ghent because the cost of printing there, is cheaper than in Brussels.
 He also escaped from the attraction of Petite Suzanne.
 Lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose Alejandro- a roommate who years later became a
general during the Filipino-American war of 1899-1900.
 Printing of Fili
 Print Fili on installment basis.
 Rizal pawned his jewels for the down payments.
 Money from the sold copies of Morga’s Successors in Manila
 Funds are still not enough.
 Printing suspended on august 6, 1891 but similar to the circumstances of Noli in 1886 berlin,
Valentin Ventura sent Rizal money to continue the printing.

August 7, 1891
 Rizal received a letter from Del Pilar to write again for La Solidaridad, but Rizal denied it.
 Rizal has three reasons for denying it: 1. He need time to work on his book, 2. He wanted other
Filipinos to work and 3. He wanted the latter to be alone on top of the association in Madrid.
 It has advantages also for del pilar: both set them free and increase his prestige.

October 03,1891
 After the publication of the Fili, Rizal left Ghent for Paris.
 Nagpaalam sa mga kaibigan.

October 14, 1891

 He went to Marseilles- (second largest city of france. ) with boxes of morga and fili.

October 18, 1891

 Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne and bound to hongkong. He brought with him 600 copies
of Fili and a recommendation letter from juan luna to Manuel Camus.

November 20, 1891

 He arrived in hongkong, met his friends like jose basa and decided to reside at no. 5 D’ Agular st.
No. 2 Rednayola Terrace.
  He opened his Medical clinic there.
 Reasons why Rizal left Europe and decided to reside in hongkong: 1. Life was unbearable in
Europe because of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in spain. 2. To
be near his idolized Philippines and Family.

December 01, 1891

• Rizal wrote his parents asking their permission to return home.
• Manuel Hidalgo sent Rizal a letter revealing the despair and sorrow of his family.
• He was desperately sad for he could not help his persecuted family and relatives.

December 24, 1891

• His Family escaped from the Philippines to avoid persecution and arrived at Hongkong to join
with him.

December 25, 1891

• After a long time, he finally be with his family and had a family reunion despite of their
problems.

January 31, 1892

• Rizal wrote Blumentritt, recounting their pleasant life in hongkong.

March 7, 1892
• Rizal went to Sandakan on board the ship Menon.
• To negotiate with the British Authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony.
• It was successful because the borneo authorities were willing to give the Filipino colonist a acres
of land, a beautiful harbor and a good government.
April 20, 1892
• Rizal went back in hongkong.
• Rizals friend including lopez jaena expressed their desire to join the colony.
• Manuel hidalgo, his brother in law objected to the colonization project for it was anti-
nationalistic or disloyal act to have a colony.
May 1892
• Rizal wanted to return home to Manila to confer with General Despujol regarding the 1. Borneo
Colonization project and 2. to establish the Liga Filipina in Manila. And 3. to prove that Eduardo
de lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he(Rizal), was being comfortable and safe in
hong kong, and had abandoned the country’s cause.
• Borneo colonization project- was to move the landless family to North Borneo (Sabah), owned
island and curve out of its virgin wildness “a New Calamba”.
• La Liga Filipina: the most important he wrote the constitution which has Five objectives:
• 1. Unite the Filipinos homogenous body.
• 2. Mutual protection in everyone and necessity defense against all violence and justice.
• 3. Encouragement of instructions.
• 4. Commerce and agriculture among Filipinos.
• 5. Study and applications of reforms.

June 1892
• He wrote “La Mano Roja”. Denouncing the frequent outbreak of international fires in Manila.
• Ceasefire

June 21, 1892

• Rizal and his sister Lucia left Hongkong for manila.
• On the same day, there was a secret file in Manila against him.
• He was on a trap.

June 26, 1892

• Rizal and sister Lucia arrived in Manila.

June 27, 1892

• Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban station to visit his friends.

June 28, 1892

 • Rizal returned by train to manila.
• The homes he visited were also visited by the guardia civil which seized(confiscate) some copies
of the noli and fili and some “subversive” pamphlets.

June 29, 1892

• Rizal had his interview with Governor general Despujol at 7:30 in the morning and ended at 9:15
in the evening.

June 30, 1892

• Rizal came back to see again governor general despujol and talked about the question of borneo.
• Governor general was opposed to it and told him to come back Sunday.

July 3, 1892
• Rizal and governor Despujol discussed many things.
• Rizal thanked the governor general for lifting the exile of his sisters.
• Rizal was told by the governor general to return on july 6.
• On the evening of this date, rizal attended a meeting of the patriots on ylaya st. tondo manila, at
the home of Doroteo Ongjunco

July 6, 1892
• Rizal went to the Malacanang Palace to resume his series of interviews with the governor-
general.
• during the interview, the governor-general suddenly showed him some printed copies of the
Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) which were allegedly found in Lucia’s case.
• It is under the authorship of P. jacinto (Rizal’s pen name) and printed by the imprenta de los
Amigos del Pais, Manila.
• The Pobres Frailes were a satire against the rich Dominican friars who enriched themselves
contrary to their vow of poverty.
• Rizal denied owning these leaflets.
• Despite such denial, he was arrested and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew
and aide of the governor-general

July 07, 1892

 The Gaceta de Manila published the story of Rizal’s arrest.
 It caused commotion among the Filipinos, especially the newly organized Liga Filipina.
 On the same day, Governor- General issued a decree deporting Rizal to Dapitan.
 The Decree mentioned the reasons for deportation as follows:
1. The books and articles published by Rizal showed disloyalty to Spain, anti-Catholic and anti-
friars.
2. A bundle of handbills found in one of his packages after his arrival in manila entitled, Pobres
Frailes Satirized the Filipinos and anti-religious order.
3. El filibusterismo was dedicated to the GomBurZa which the Spanish authorities considered
as traitors, and
4. Rizal was pursuing the salvation of the Filipino through their separation from the mother
country (Spain).

July 15, 1892

- Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for dapitan.

July 17, 1892

- After two days of sailing, the steamer Cebu reached Dapitan at 7 pm of July 17.
- Captain Delgras handed Rizal to captain Ricardo carnicero, the Spanish commandant of Dapitan.
- That same night, Rizal was exiled in Dapitan for a period of four years from july 17, 1892- july 31,
1896.

The Beginning of the Exile

 The steamer Cebu carried a letter of Father Pablo Pastells. The letter was given to Father Antonio
Obach. It was stated in the letter that Rizal could live in the parish convent only if he would agree
to publicly retract his errors concerning the religion, make his statements Pro-Spanish, perform
church rites, make general confessions of his past life, and to conduct himself like a Spanish
subject and a man of religion.

 Rizal lived in the house of Captain Carnicero, Spanish Commandant at Dapitan, and they later on
became good friends as Capt. Carnicero believed that Rizal had fine qualities and personalities,
and not a filibuster.

 Capt. Carnicero gave Rizal a freedom to go anywhere but to report only once a week to his office,
he even allowed Rizal to ride his chestnut horse.
  Rizal wrote his impressions about the kind commandant in his poem “A Don Ricardo Carnicero”
on the occasion of his birthday on August 26, 1892.

September 21, 1892

 Rizal, Captain Carnicero, and Francisco Equilior (Spanish resident of Dipolog, neighboring the
town of Dapitan), jointly owned the ticket that won the second prize in a lottery.
 The lottery ticker number 9736 won the exact amount of P20, 000.00, and Rizal’s exact share
were P6, 200.00.
 Rizal’s share was used to the following:
o 4, 000.00 – he used when he bought agricultural lands in nearby Talisay.
o 2, 000.00 – was given to his father.
o 200.00 – was given to his friend Basa from Hongkong.

Rizal’s Debated with Father Pastells

 Rizal had long scholarly debate with Father Pastells regarding the religion from September 1,
1892 to April 1893 as Father Pastells tried to convince him and bring Rizal back to the fold of
Catholicism. But Rizal denied it, through his letter to Father Pastells, Rizal revealed his anti-
Catholic ideas because of his bitterness towards the Spanish friars who committed certain
abuses.
 According to Rizal, “individual judgement is a gift from God and everybody should use it like a
lantern to show the way and that self-esteem, if moderated by judgment, saves man from
unworthy acts”. He also argued that the pursuit of truth may lie in different paths, and thus,
“religion may vary, but they all lead to the light”.
 Although Rizal did not like Father Pastells’ interpretation of Catholic dogmas, Rizal still attends
Father Pastells’ masses, celebrates fiestas and Christmas in a Catholic way. Despite of their
differences, Father Pastells and Rizal remained good friends.
 As a token for their debate, Father Pastells gave Rizal a book by Thomas Kempis entitled
“Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of Christ). As a return, Rizal gave him a bust of St. Paul which he
had made.

Rizal Challenged a Frenchman to a Duel

 While Rizal was still debating with Father Pastells by means of exchanging letters, Rizal became
involved in a quarrel with Mr. Juan Larder, a French and businessman. Mr. Larder purchased
many logs from the lands of Rizal but these were poor qualities. Rizal got mad with the letter
that Mr. Larder sent to Antonio Miranda. Rizal challenged Mr. Larder to a duel.
 Antonio Miranda convinced Mr. Larder not to accept the challenge from Rizal because he knew
that Rizal is a wise person and he would win the challenge despite of Rizal being the skinny, small
type person. Mr. Larder was convinced so he wrote a letter to Rizal saying he was sorry and Rizal
accepted it.
 Father Sanchez failed to convince Rizal to return to the Catholic field and discard his unorthodox
views on the Catholic religion. Father Sanchez was Rizal’s favorite teacher when he was in
Ateneo, he was also the only priest that stand for Rizal’s novel Noli Me Tangere publicly.
  Rizal gave Father Sanchez a manuscript entitled “Estudios sobre la lengua” means “Studies on
the Tagalog Language” which he wrote dedicated to his favorite teacher.

August 1893
 Rizal’s mother and sister Maria arrived in Dapitan and lived with him for 1 and half year. Rizal
operated his mother’s right eye
 His mother disobeyed his instructions resulting for her right eye to be infected. Rizal operated
her again and the operation became successful.

November 3, 1893
 Rizal was living peacefully and happily at his house in Talisay, a kilometer away from Dapitan. His
family came to see Rizal and decided to live with him. On the same day, a certain 30 years old
“Pablo Mercado” from Cagayan de Misamis pretended as a relative of Rizal.
 Rizal reported Pablo Mercado to Capt. Sitges from commandancia. It was later revealed
throughout the investigation done by Anastascio Adriatico ordered by Capt. Sitges that Pablo
Mercado is Florencio Namanan who is a 30 years old from Cagayan De Misamis. Florencio
Namanan was hired by the Spanish friars for 75.00 to become their spy to Rizal and steal Rizal’s
writings and letters that will reveal his revolutionary movement.

Rizal’s Life in Dapitan

 Rizal lived in exile far-away in Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao which was under the
missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuit from 1882-1896. This 4year interregnum in his life was
tediously unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements.

(Dapitan gave him opportunity to practice medicine, pursue scientific study etc. and also Rizal help to
promote the development of the community.)

June 15, 1896

 Dr. Pio Valenzuela plan to came in Dapitan secretly just to see Rizal and to inform Rizal about the
plan of Katipunan.

 (Pio Alenjandro y Valenzuela, join in Katipunan at age of 23, can’t be consider as a hero or a
traitor.)

 Katipunan was founded by Andres Bonifacio.

 (The father of Philippine revolution, Leader of Katipunan)

June 21, 1896
 Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan in evening, then Valenzuela told rizal about the plan of katipunan
and said that they need the help and support of Rizal.

 Rizal refuse to help.

Rizal had 3 reasons not to help.

1. he does not like the bloody revolution,
2. he believes that Filipino people was not ready for a war,
3. he had honor word to the Spaniards that he would not do anything against to them.)

July 30, 1896

 Rizal offered his medical service in Cuba, because there was an outbreak of yellow fever
epidemic, he wrote Governor General Ramon Blanco.

 In this date Rizal was given a go signal to go on Cuba.

July 31, 1896

 Rizal bid goodbye to Dapitan and he was accompanied by Josephine, Narcissa, and Angelica.

August 6, 1896
 The España arrived on manila bay.

 Then the governor General Blanco ordered to transfer Rizal to the Spanish Cruise Costilla.

(Gov. Gen. Blanco said that Rizal was a guest not a prisoner to avoid conflict, Rizal stay in Spanish cruise
Costilla for almost a month from (august 6-september 2,1896.)

August 19, 1896

 The Katipunans plot to the overthrow the Spanish rule was discovered by Fray Mariano Gil.

August 26, 1896

 The Cry of Balintawak was founded by Bonifacio.

August 30, 1896

 Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked San Juan (Battle of San Juan)
  Gov. General Blanco proclaimed a state war in the first 8 provinces.

(Manila as province, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.)

September 2, 1896
 Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay which was to sail for Barcelona, Spain.

September 7, 1896
 Rizal arrived in the Singapore in the evening of September 7.

 Rizal was unaware arrested.

(Rizal was arrested because Gov. Blanco said that Rizal is a leader of revolutionary movement.)

September 30, 1896

 Rizal Became a prisoner in his cabin.

October 3, 1896
 The steamer arrived in Barcelona about 10 o’clock in the evening.

October 6, 1896
 At 3:00 am, Rizal was awakened and being escorted to the infamous prison-fortress monjuich.

 At 2:00 pm, Rizal was told that he would be shipped back to manila.

 At 8:00 pm, Rizal was taken and the ship left the Barcelona.

October 11, 1896

 They took the diary of Rizal but there’s nothing inside that can be dangerous, then they search
the cabin of Rizal and nothing was found.

November 2, 1896
 At this time news report in Rizal’s predicament reached his friend in Europe and Singapore.

 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez request Atty. Fort to institute the writ of habeas corpus
for removal of Rizal from the steamer.
(Atty. Fort is an English lawyer from Singapore, Unfortunately the request declined because Spaniards
said that the ship is a warship.)

November 3, 1896
 The steamer colon reaches the Manila.

 The Spanish authorities wants to get evidence against Rizal. They arrested some close friends of
Rizal and brutally tortured and also the own brother of Rizal was cruelly tortured.

(they get nothing to Paciano, the brother of Rizal.)

November 20, 1896

 The Documentary and testimonial evidence against Rizal were presented.

 The documentary evidences were:

1. Antonio Luna's letter to Mariano ponce.

2. Rizal's letter to his Family.

3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s letter to Deodato Arellano.

4. The Poem Kundiman

5. Carlos Oliver's to unidentified person.

6. A Marsonic Document.

7. Dimasalang's letter (Rizal's penname) to Tenluz.

8. Dimasalang's letter (Rizal) letter to unidentified committee.

9. Anonymous undated letter to the editor of the Hongkong telegraph

10. Ildefonso laurel's letter to Rizal.

11. Ildefonso laurel's letter to Rizal dated September 3, 1896.

12. Marcelo H. Del Pilar's letter to Dn Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zoleta).

13. Transcript of a speech pingkian (Emilio Jacinto).

14. Transcript of speech tik-tik (Jose Turiano Santiago).

15. Laong laan's (Rizal) poem "Talisay".

November 26, 1896

  After the preliminary investigation, colonel olive transmitted the records of the case to Gov.
General Blanco, who was there upon transmitted them to Don Nicolas De La Pena, the judge
advocate general.

December 8, 1896
 Rizal chose his defender from list of 100 first and second lieutenants in the spanish army.

 He chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade.

(He chose luis taviel de Andrade because it is the brother of his friend Jose taviel de Andrade his body
guard in Calamba 1887.)

December 11, 1896

 Rizal was accused of 3 crimes, 1 rebellion, 2 seditions and 3 illegal associations.

 (The founding of La Liga Filipina, an “illegal organization” Whose single aim was to “Perpetrate
the crime of rebellion”. Rebellion which he promoted through his previous activities. Sedition is
about his writings the El Fili ang Noli.)

December 15, 1896

 Rizal wrote manifesto to his people to stop shedding blood and to achieve their liberties by
mean of education and industry.

 Rizal's Manifesto was not issued to the people.

December 25, 1896

 Rizal's Last Christmas.

 Rizal wrote a letter to Lt. Taviel de Andrade that his case is hopeless one.

December 26, 1896 at 8:00 a.m.

 The one-sided trial that would sentence Rizal to death officiated by the Spanish military court
was held at the Cuartel de Espana in Intramuros.

The Trial of Rizal

 The trial was opened by Judge Advocate Dominguez who explained the case against Rizal.

 Prosecuting Attorney Alcocer delivered speech summarizing the charges against Rizal and urged
the court to give the verdict of death which made the Spanish spectators applauded noisily.
  Defense Councel Taviel de Andrade took the floor and the eloquent defense of Rizal and
admonished the members of the military.

 Lt. Col. Togores Arjona, the president considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared.

 Judge Advocate General Nicolas de la Pena affirmed the death verdict.

December 28, 1896

 Governor General Polavieja approved the decision of the court – martial and ordered Rizal to be
shot at the back by a firing squad on December 30, 1896 at 7:00 in the morning at Bagumbayan
field (Luneta).

 Rizal have visitors, and his first visitors were Father Miguel Sadero Mata (Rector of Ateneo
Municipal) and Father Luiz Viza, Jesuit teacher.

December 29, 1896

 at 6:00 AM: Rizal was read his verdict by Captain Rafael Dominguez: To be shot the next day at
7:00 AM at the Luneta de Bagumbayan (Rizal Park).

 At 7:00 AM: Rizal was transferred to the chapel cell adorned by religious images to convince
him to go back to the Catholic fold. His first visitors were Jesuit priests Fathers Miguel Saderra
Mata and Luis Viza.

 At 7:15 AM: After Fr. Saderra left, Rizal asked Fr. Viza for the Sacred Heart statuette which he
carved when he was an Ateneo student. From his pocket the statuette appears.

 at 8:00 AM: Fr. Viza was relieved by Fr. Antonio Rosell who joined Rizal for breakfast. Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade joins them.
 at 9:00 AM: Fr. Federico Faura, who once said that Rizal would lose his head for writing the Noli
Me Tangere, arrived. Rizal told him, “Father you are indeed a prophet.”

 at, 10:00 AM: Fathers José Vilaclara and Estanislao March visited Rizal, followed by a Spanish
journalist, Santiago Mataix of El Heraldo de Madrid, for an interview.

 at 12:00-3:30 PM: Rizal’s time alone in his cell. He had lunch, wrote letters and probably
his cell. He had lunch, wrote letters and probably wrote his last poem of 14 stanzas which he
wrote in his flowing handwriting in a very small piece of paper. He hid it inside his alcohol stove.
The untitled poem was later known as Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell). In its second stanza,
he already praised the revolutionaries in the battlefield for giving their lives “without doubt,
without gloom.”
  at 3:00 PM: According to an account of the agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia guarding Rizal’s
cell, Rizal signed what seems to be the document retracting his anti-Catholic writings and his
membership in masonry. This event is a contentious issue among Rizal experts.

 at 4:00 PM: Visit of Rizal’s mother, Teodora Alonso. Then Rizal’s sister Trinidad entered to get
her mother and Rizal whispered to her in English referring to the alcohol stove, “There is
something inside.” They were also accompanied by Narcisa, Lucia, Josefa, Maria and son
Mauricio Cruz. Leoncio Lopez Rizal, Narcisa’s eleven-year-old son, was not allowed to enter the
cell. While leaving for their carriages, an official handed over the alcohol stove to Narcisa. After
their visit, Fathers Vilaclara and Estanislao March returned to the cell followed by Father Rosell.

 at 6:00 PM: Rizal was visited by the Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon.
Father March left Father Vilaclara to be with the two.

 at 8:00 PM: Rizal’s last supper where he informed Captain Dominguez that he already forgave
those who condemned him.

 at 9:30 PM: Rizal was visited by the fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of Manila, Don Gaspar Cestaño
with whom Rizal offered the best chair of the cell. According to accounts, the fiscal left with “a
good impression of Rizal’s intelligence and noble character.

 At 10:00 PM: The draft of the retraction sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop Bernardino
Nozaleda (1890-1903) was submitted by Father Balaguer to Rizal for signature. Another shorter
retraction was prepared by Father Pio Pi which was acceptable to Rizal. Rizal wrote his own
retraction in which he abjured masonry and his religious ideas which were anti-Catholic, it is now
controversial document because it has 4 versions.

December 30, 1896

 5:00 AM: Rizal took his last meal. According to stories told to Narcisa by Lt. Luis Taviel de
Andrade, Rizal threw some eggs in the corner of a cell for the “poor rats,” “Let them have their
fiesta too.” Rizal also wrote to his family and to his brother.

 at 5:30 AM: Teary-eyed Josephine Bracken and Josefa Rizal came. According to the testimony of
the agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia, Josephine and Rizal were married. Josephine was gifted
by Rizal with the classic Thomas á Kempis book Imitations of Christ in which he inscribed, “To my
dear and unhappy wife, Josephine, December 30th, 1896, Jose Rizal.” They embraced for the
last time.

 at 6:00 AM: Rizal wrote his father, Francisco Mercado “My beloved Father, Pardon me
 Francisco Mercado “My beloved Father, pardon me for the pain with which I repay you for
sorrows and sacrifices for my education. I did not want nor did I prefer it. Goodbye, Father,
goodbye… Jose Rizal.” To his mother, he had only these words, “To my very dear Mother, Sra.
Dña Teodora Alonso 6 o’clock in the morning, December 30, 1896. Jose Rizal.”
 at 6:30 AM: Death march from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan begins. 4 soldiers with bayoneted
rifles lead the procession followed by Rizal, Taviel de Andrade, Fathers Vilaclara and March and
other soldiers. They passed by the Intramuros plaza, then turned right to the Postigo gate then
left at Malecon, the bayside road now known as Bonifacio Drive.

 at 7:00 AM: Rizal, after arriving on the execution site at the Luneta de Bagumbayan, was
checked with his pulse by Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo. It was perfectly normal. Rizal once wrote, “I
wish to show those who deny us patriotism that we know how to die for our duty and our
convictions.

 at 7:03 AM: With the captain shouting “Fuego!” Shouts rang out from the guns of eight indio
soldiers. Rizal, being a convicted criminal was not facing the firing squad. As he was hit, he
resists and turns himself to face his executors. He falls down, and dies facing the sky.

Rizal died at the age of 35 years old, 5 months, 11 days.