PRODUCT RESEARCH – BICYCLE

BACKGROUND
Bicycles are one of the world's most popular modes of transportation, with some 800 million
bicycles outnumbering cars by two to one. Bicycles are also the most energy-efficient vehicle
—a cyclist burns about 35 calories per mile (22 calories per km), while an automobile burns
1,860 calories per mile (1,156 calories per km). Bicycles are used not only for transportation,
but for fitness, competition, and touring as well. They come in myriad shapes and styles,
including racing bikes, all-terrain bikes, and stationary bicycles, as well as unicycles, tricycles,
and tandems.

HISTORY
As far back as 1490, Leonardo da Vinci had envisioned a machine remarkably similar to the
modern bicycle. Unfortunately, da Vinci did not attempt to build the vehicle, nor were his
sketches discovered until the 1960s. In the late 1700s a Frenchman named Comte de Sivrac
invented the Celerifere, a crude wooden hobby horse made of two wheels and joined by a
beam. The rider would sit atop the beam and propel the contraption by pushing his or her
feet against the ground.

In 1816 the German Baron Karl von Drais devised a steerable hobby horse, and within a few
years, hobby-horse riding was a fashionable pastime in Europe. Riders also discovered that
they could ride the device with their feet off the ground without losing their balance. And
so, in 1840, a Scottish black-smith named Kirkpatrick Macmillan made a two-wheel device
that was operated by a treadle. Two years later he traveled as many as 40 miles (64 km) at a
stretch during a record 140-mile (225 km) round trip to Glasgow. A couple decades later, a
Frenchman, Ernest Michaux, designed a hobby horse that utilized cranks and rotating pedals
connected to the front axle. The Velocipede, made with wooden wheels and an iron frame
and tires, won the nickname of the "boneshaker."

The 1860s proved to be an important decade for bicycle improvements with the inventions
of ball-bearing hubs, metal-spoked wheels, solid rubber tires, and a lever-operated, four-
speed gearshift. Around 1866 an unusual version of the Velocipede was created in England
by James Stanley. It was called the Ordinary, or Penny Farthing, and it had a large front
wheel and a small rear wheel. The Ordinaries were soon exported to the U.S. where a
company began to manufacture them as well. These bicycles weighed a hefty 70 pounds (32
kg) and cost $300—a substantial sum at the time.

By 1885, another Englishman, John Kemp Starley, created the Rover Safety, so called since it
was safer than the Ordinary which tended to cartwheel the rider over the large front wheel
at abrupt stops. The Safety had equally sized wheels made of solid rubber, a chain-driven
rear wheel, and diamond-shaped frame. Other important developments in the 1800s
included the use of John Boyd Dunlop's pneumatic tires, which had air-filled inner tubes that
provided shock absorption. Coaster brakes were developed in 1898, and shortly thereafter
freewheeling made biking easier by allowing the wheels to continue to spin without
pedaling.

During the 1890s bicycles became very popular, and the basic elements of the modern
bicycle were already in place. In the first half of the 20th century, stronger steel alloys
allowed thinner frame tubing which made the bicycles lighter and faster. Derailleur gears
were also developed, allowing smoother riding. After the Second World War, bicycle
popularity slipped as automobiles flourished, but rebounded in the 1970s during the oil
crisis. About that time, mountain bikes were invented by two Californians, Charlie Kelly and
Gary Fisher, who combined the wide tires of the older balloontire bikes with the lightweight
technology of racing bikes. Within 20 years, mountain bikes became more popular than
racing bikes. Soon hybrids of the two styles combined the virtues of each.

USES
From the beginning and still today, bicycles have been and are employed for many uses. In a
utilitarian way, bicycles are used for transportation, bicycle commuting, and utility cycling. It
can be used as a 'work horse', used by mail carriers, paramedics, police, messengers, and
general delivery services. Military uses of bicycles include communications, reconnaissance,
troop movement, supply of provisions, and patrol. See also: bicycle infantry.

The bicycle is also used for recreational purposes, such as bicycle touring, mountain biking,
physical fitness, and play. Bicycle competition includes racing, BMX racing, track racing,
criterium, roller racing, sportives and time trials. Major multi-stage professional events are
the Giro d'Italia, the Tour de France, the Vuelta a España, the Tour de Pologne, and the Volta
a Portugal.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS
The bicycle has undergone continual adaptation and improvement since its inception. These
innovations have continued with the advent of modern materials and computer-aided
design, allowing for a proliferation of specialized bicycle types, improved bicycle safety, and
riding comfort.

Types
Bicycles can be categorized in many different ways: by function, by number of riders, by
general construction, by gearing or by means of propulsion. The more common types
include utility bicycles, mountain bicycles, racing bicycles, touring bicycles, hybrid bicycles,
cruiser bicycles, and BMX bikes. Less common are tandems, low riders, tall bikes, fixed
gear, folding models, amphibious bicycles, cargo bikes, recumbents and electric bicycles.
Unicycles, tricycles and quadracycles are not strictly bicycles, as they have respectively one,
three and four wheels, but are often referred to informally as "bikes" or "cycles".

Dynamics
A bicycle stays upright while moving forward by being steered so as to keep its center of
mass over the wheels. This steering is usually provided by the rider, but under certain
conditions may be provided by the bicycle itself.

The combined center of mass of a bicycle and its rider must lean into a turn to successfully
navigate it. This lean is induced by a method known as countersteering, which can be
performed by the rider turning the handlebars directly with the hands or indirectly by
leaning the bicycle.

Short-wheelbase or tall bicycles, when braking, can generate enough stopping force at the
front wheel to flip longitudinally. The act of purposefully using this force to lift the rear
wheel and balance on the front without tipping over is a trick known as a stoppie, endo, or
front wheelie.

Performance
The bicycle is extraordinarily efficient in both biological and mechanical terms. The bicycle is
the most efficient human-powered means of transportation in terms of energy a person
must expend to travel a given distance. From a mechanical viewpoint, up to 99% of the
energy delivered by the rider into the pedals is transmitted to the wheels, although the use
of gearing mechanisms may reduce this by 10–15%. In terms of the ratio of cargo weight a
bicycle can carry to total weight, it is also an efficient means of cargo transportation.

A human traveling on a bicycle at low to medium speeds of around 16–24 km/h (10–15
mph) uses only the power required to walk. Air drag, which is proportional to the square of
speed, requires dramatically higher power outputs as speeds increase. If the rider is sitting
upright, the rider's body creates about 75% of the total drag of the bicycle/rider
combination. Drag can be reduced by seating the rider in a more aerodynamically
streamlined position. Drag can also be reduced by covering the bicycle with an aerodynamic
fairing. The fastest recorded unpaced speed on a flat surface is 144.18 km/h (89.59 mph)

In addition, the carbon dioxide generated in the production and transportation of the food
required by the bicyclist, per mile traveled, is less than 1/10 that generated by energy
efficient motorcars.
LIST OF BICYCLE PARTS

 Axle: as in the generic definition, a rod that serves to attach a wheel to a bicycle and
provides support for bearings on which the wheel rotates. Also sometimes used to
describe suspension components, for example a swing arm pivot axle

 Bar ends: extensions at the end of straight handlebars to allow for multiple hand
positions

 Bar plugs or end caps: plugs for the ends of handlebars

 Basket: cargo carrier

 Bearing: a device that facilitates rotation by reducing friction

 Bell: an audible device for warning pedestrians and other cyclists

 Belt-drive: alternative to chain-drive

 Bicycle brake cable: see Cable

 Bottle cage: a holder for a water bottle

 Bottom bracket: The bearing system that the pedals (and cranks) rotate around.
Contains a spindle to which the crankset is attached and the bearings themselves. There
is a bearing surface on the spindle, and on each of the cups that thread into the frame.
The bottom bracket may be overhaulable (an adjustable bottom bracket) or not
overhaulable (a cartridge bottom bracket). The bottom bracket fits inside the bottom
bracket shell, which is part of the bicycle frame
 Brake: devices used to stop or slow down a bicycle. Rim brakes and disc brakes are
operated by brake levers, which are mounted on the handlebars. Band brake is an
alternative to rim brakes but can only be installed at the rear wheel. Coaster brakes are
operated by pedaling backward

 Brake lever: a lever for actuating a bicycle brake

 Brake shifter or colloquially, brifter (see also Shimano Total Integration, Campagnolo
ErgoPower and SRAM Double Tap): combined shifter and brake lever control

 Braze-on: a fitting protruding from a frame to provide attachment, typically for cable
housings or tire pumps and similar accessories

 Cable guide: a fitting below the bottom bracket which guides a piece of bare
inner bowden cable around a corner

 Cable: a metal cable enclosed in part by a metal and plastic housing that is used to
connect a control, such as a brake or shifting lever, to the device it activates

 Cartridge bearing: a type of bearing that is not user-serviceable, but must be

replaced as a unit

 Cassette: a group of stacked sprockets on the rear wheel of a bicycle with a rear
derailleur

 Coaster brake or backpedal brake

 Chain: a system of interlinking pins, plates and rollers that transmits power from the
front sprocket(s) to the rear sprocket(s)

 Chainguard: Gear case cover for the entire chain either totally encasing (sometimes
containing oil) or 'incomplete'. Either way, designed to keep clothing from fouling the
chain. See also Skirtguard, Bashguard.

 Chainring: (one of the) front gear(s), attached to a crank

 Chainset: see Crankset

 Chainstay: a pair of tubes on a bicycle frame that runs from the bottom bracket to
the rear fork ends

 Chain tensioner: a device to maintain proper chain tension

 Chaintug: a device to aid in setting the proper chain tension

 Cluster: a bicycle cogset, either a freewheel, or cassette

 Cogset: the set of rear sprockets that attaches to the hub on the rear wheel
 Cone: holds bearings in place, pressed against the cup

 Cotter: pin for attaching cottered cranks

 Coupler: to connect tubing together

 Crankset or chainset: composed of cranks and at least one chainring

 Cup: receives ball bearings which roll along its inner surface; integrated on most
conventional hubs or can be pressed into older bottom bracket shells. See also Cone

 Cyclocomputer: an electronic accessory that measures and displays instantaneous

and cumulative speed and distance. Often provides other measurements such as heart
rate

 Derailleur hanger: a piece on the rear dropout that the derailleur attaches to.

 Derailleur: an assembly of levers, usually cable actuated, that moves the chain
between sprockets on a cassette or chainring assembly

 Down tube: tube on the bicycle frame that runs from the head tube to the bottom
bracket

 Dropout: a bicycle rear fork end that allows the rear wheel to be removed without
first derailing the chain. The term dropout is often incorrectly used to refer to any fork
end, but not all fork ends are dropouts

 Dustcap: any cap serving to keep dirt and contamination out of an assembly.
Common over crank bolts, often plastic

 Dynamo: bicycle lighting component, also known as generator

 Eyelet:

1) attachment point on frame, fork, or dropout for fenders, racks, etc.

2) a hole through which a spoke nipple passes through the rim so it may attach to a
spoke

 Electronic Gear-Shifting System: not simply a type of shifter or a type of derailleur, a

complete system with switches instead of levers, wires instead of Bowden cables, and
motor-driven derailleurs that must all work together

 Fairing: a full or partial covering for a bicycle to reduce aerodynamic drag or to

protect the rider from the elements
 Fender or mudguard: curved pieces of metal or plastic above the tires which catch
and redirect road spray thrown up by the tires, allowing the rider to remain relatively
clean. May come in pairs

 Ferrule: a metal or plastic sleeve used to terminate the end of a cable housing

 Fork: a mechanical assembly that integrates a bicycle's frame to its front wheel and
handlebars, allowing steering by virtue of its steerer tube

 Fork end: paired slots on a fork or frame at which the axle of the wheel is attached.
See also Dropout

 Frame: the mechanical core of a bicycle, the frame provides points of attachment for
the various components that make up the machine. The term is variously construed, and
can refer to the base section, always including the bottom bracket, or to base frame,
fork, and suspension components such as a shock absorber

 Freehub: a ratcheting assembly onto which a cog or cassette is mounted that allows
the bicycle to coast without the pedals turning

 Freewheel: a ratcheting assembly that incorporates one or more cogs and allows the
bicycle to coast without the pedals turning

 Gusset: plates added to the outsides of frame tubes to strengthen joints. These are
more commonly seen on BMX and mountain bikes

 Hanger: part of frame or an attachment to the frame to which the derailleur is

attached (see Derailleur hanger)

 Handlebar: a lever attached, usually using an intermediary stem, to the steerer tube
of the fork. Allows steering and provides a point of attachment for controls and
accessories

 Handlebar plug: see Bar plugs

 Handlebar tape: a tape wound around dropped handlebars so as to provide padding

and grip, usually cork or cloth, sometimes foam rubber

 Head badge: manufacturer's or brand logo affixed to the head tube

 Head tube: the tube of a bicycle frame that contains the headset

 Headset: the bearings that form the interface between the frame and fork steerer
tube

 Hood: the rubber brake lever covering on bikes with drop style handle bars
 Hub: the core of a wheel; contains bearings and, in a traditional wheel, has drilled
flanges for attachment of spokes

 Hub dynamo: a generator inside one of the hubs for powering lights or other
accessories

 Hub gear: a gearbox mounted inside the hub, 3-speed is common, 5, 7 are available
("Sturmey-Archer") and Rohloff make a 14-speed hub. Cable operated by one or two
cables

 Indicator: a turn signal

 Inner tube: a bladder that contains air to inflate a tire. Has a Schrader,
"Woods"/"Dunlop" or Presta valve for inflation and deflation

 Jockey wheel: one of two small sprockets of the rear derailleur that guides the chain

 Kickstand: a folding attachment used for assisting a bicycle to stand up on its own.
Usually mounts to frame near bottom bracket, sometimes near rear dropouts

 "Lawyer lips": also called a "lawyer tab", a retention device on the dropouts of the
front fork to prevent inadvertent loss of the front wheel in the case it is not properly
secured

 Locknut: a nut designed not to loosen due to vibration

 Lockring: a ring, usually metal, of varying design, that serves to retain a component
in place

 Lug: a metal connector used to align frame components where they join each other

 Luggage carrier: any accessory equipment designed to carry tools, gear or cargo

 Master link: a bicycle chain accessory that allows convenient removal and
reconnection of an installed bicycle chain without the need for a chain tool

 Nipple: a specialized nut that most commonly attaches a spoke to a wheel rim. In
some systems, it provides attachment to the hub

 Pannier: cloth zippered storage bags that mount to sides of luggage racks.
Pronounced pan-ear, or pan-yer (an old English word, which is derived from an old
French word)

 Pedal: mechanical interface between foot and crank arm. There are two general
types; one secures the foot with a mechanical clamp or cage and the other has no
connection to lock the foot to the pedal.
 Peg: short metal tube, about 6 inches (15 cm) long and 2 inches (5.1 cm) fastened to
one or both ends of the wheel axles to either enable the rider perform certain tricks or
provide a place for extra riders to stand or rest

 Portage strap: a strap (usually made of leather) attached to the inside of the bike
frame, designed to make carrying the bike over one's shoulder easier

 Quick release: a skewer with a lever on one end that loosens when the lever is
flipped. Used for releasing wheels and seat posts

 Rack: a rack that attaches behind the seat, usually with stays to the rear dropouts,
that serves as a general carrier

 Reflector: reflects light to make bicycle evident when the illuminated by headlights of
other vehicles. Usually required by law but held in disdain by many cyclists

 Removable training wheels: used for assisting balance. Comes in pair. Useful for first
time bicyclists

 Rim: that part of a wheel to which the tire is attached and often forms part of the
braking mechanism

 Rotor:

1) the disc component of a disc brake.[1]

2) another name for a detangler - a device that allows the handlebars and fork to revolve
indefinitely without tangling the rear brake cable.

 Safety levers: extension levers, and interrupt brake levers. Used to apply brakes in
order for the bicycle to slow down or suddenly stop

 Saddle or Seat: what a bicyclist sits on

 Seat rails: a metal framework over which saddle covering is stretched. The seat post
attaches to the seat rails by means of a clamp

 Seat lug: a frame lug on the top of the seat tube serving as a point of attachment for
a clamp to secure the seat post

 Seat tube: the roughly vertical tube in a bicycle frame running from the seat to the
bottom bracket

 Seat bag: a small storage accessory hung from the back of a seat

 Seatpost: a post that the seat is mounted to. It slides into the frame's seat tube and
is used to adjust ride height depending how far into the seat tube it is inserted
 Seatstay: frame components, small diameter tubes running from top of seat tube to
rear dropouts

 Shaft-drive: alternate to chain-drive

 Shifter: gear shifting control

 Shock absorber: for bicycles with suspensions, a device that limits the rate at which
suspension rebounds after absorbing an impact

 Side view mirror: aids in looking at the sides prior to moving slowly or turning to the
left or to the right

 Skirt guard or coatguard: a device fitted over the rear wheel of a bicycle to prevent a
long skirt, coat or other trailing clothes or luggage from catching in the wheel, or in the
gap between the rim and the brakes

 Spindle: an axle around which a pedal rotates; threaded at one end to screw into
crank arms

 Spoke: connects wheel rim to hub. Usually wire with one end swaged to form a head
and one threaded end. A typical wheel has 36 spokes

 Sprocket or cog: wheel with teeth that meshes with the chain; one of the wheels in
the cogset or crankset

 Steerer tube: a tube on top of a fork that is inserted through frame and serves as an
axle by means of which bicycle can be steered

 Stem: a bracket used to attach handlebars to steerer tube of fork. Usually secured by
pinch bolts

 Tire: as in common usage. Usually pneumatic. A tubular tire is glued to the wheel
rim; most tires use tubes, but tubeless tires and rims are increasingly common

 Toe clips: a metal or plastic cage attached to a pedal. Usually has an adjustment
strap. Secures foot to pedal for increased control and more effective transfer of power
from foot to drive chain

 Top tube: frame member leading from steerer tube to seat tube

 Valve stem or simply valve: port for adding or releasing air from the inner tube. Two
types are commonly used: Presta and Schrader. A third type, the Woods/Dunlop valve,
can still be found in Europe and Asia.

 Wheel: as in common usage. Traditionally and most commonly spoked

 Wingnut: for attaching wheels before the development of the quick release skewer

BICYCLE ACCESSORIES
Touring bicycle equipped with front and rear racks, fenders/mud-guards, water bottles in
cages, four panniers and a handlebar bag.

Some components, which are often optional accessories on sports bicycles, are standard
features on utility bicycles to enhance their usefulness, comfort, safety and visibility.
Mudguards, or fenders, protect the cyclist and moving parts from spray when riding through
wet areas and chainguards protect clothes from oil on the chain while preventing clothing
from being caught between the chain and crankset teeth. Kick stands keep bicycles upright
when parked, and bike locks deter theft. Front-mounted baskets, front or rear luggage
carriers or racks, and panniers mounted above either or both wheels can be used to carry
equipment or cargo. Pegs can be fastened to one, or both of the wheel hubs to either help
the rider perform certain tricks, or allow a place for extra riders to stand, or rest.[citation
needed] Parents sometimes add rear-mounted child seats, an auxiliary saddle fitted to the
crossbar, or both to transport children. Training wheels are sometimes used when learning
to ride.

Toe-clips and toestraps and clipless pedals help keep the foot locked in the proper pedal
position and enable cyclists to pull and push the pedals. Technical accessories include
cyclocomputers for measuring speed, distance, heart rate, GPS data etc. Other accessories
include lights, reflectors, mirrors, racks, trailers, bags, water bottles and cages, and bell.[52]
Bicycle lights, reflectors, and helmets are required by law in some geographic regions
depending on the legal code. It is more common to see bicycles with bottle generators,
dynamos, lights, fenders, racks and bells in Europe. Bicyclists also have specialized form
fitting and high visibility clothing.

Bicycle helmets can reduce injury in the event of a collision or accident, and a suitable
helmet is legally required of riders in many jurisdictions. Helmets may be classified as an
accessory or as an item of clothing.

Bike trainers are used to enable cyclists to cycle while the bike remains stationary. They are
frequently used to warm up before races or indoors when riding conditions are unfavorable.

Bicycles can also be fitted with a hitch to tow a trailer for carrying cargo, a child, or both.
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS
The bicycle has had a considerable effect on human society, in both the cultural and
industrial realms.

In daily life
Around the turn of the 20th century, bicycles reduced crowding in inner-city tenements by
allowing workers to commute from more spacious dwellings in the suburbs. They also
reduced dependence on horses. Bicycles allowed people to travel for leisure into the
country, since bicycles were three times as energy efficient as walking and three to four
times as fast.

In built up cities around the world, urban planning uses cycling infrastructure like bikeways
to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. A number of cities around the world have
implemented schemes known as bicycle sharing systems or community bicycle programs.
The first of these was the White Bicycle plan in Amsterdam in 1965. It was followed by
yellow bicycles in La Rochelle and green bicycles in Cambridge. These initiatives complement
public transport systems and offer an alternative to motorized traffic to help reduce
congestion and pollution. In Europe, especially in the Netherlands and parts of Germany and
Denmark, bicycle commuting is common. In Copenhagen, a cyclists' organization runs a
Cycling Embassy that promotes biking for commuting and sightseeing. The United Kingdom
has a tax break scheme (IR 176) that allows employees to buy a new bicycle tax free to use
for commuting.

Bicycles offer an important mode of transport in many developing countries. Until recently,
bicycles have been a staple of everyday life throughout Asian countries. They are the most
frequently used method of transport for commuting to work, school, shopping, and life in
general. In Europe, bicycles are commonly used. They also offer a degree of exercise to keep
individuals healthy.

Bicycles are also celebrated in the visual arts. An example of this is the Bicycle Film Festival, a
film festival hosted all around the world.

Environmental impact
One of the profound economic implications of bicycle use is that it liberates the user from oil
consumption.(Ballantine, 1972) The bicycle is an inexpensive, fast, healthy and
environmentally friendly mode of transport. Ivan Illich stated that bicycle use extended the
usable physical environment for people, while alternatives such as cars and motorways
degraded and confined people's environment and mobility.[105] Currently, two billion
bicycles are in use around the world. Children, students, professionals, laborers, civil
servants and seniors are pedaling around their communities. They all experience the
freedom and the natural opportunity for exercise that the bicycle easily provides. Bicycle
also has lowest carbon intensity of travel.[106]
Religious implications
The proper Islamic bicycle for the Iranian women is a topic of heated discussion in both
Sunni and Shia Islam.

INDIAN CYCLE BRANDS

1. ATLAS CYCLE
Six Decades of Cycling Revolution

Atlas name is synonymous with the cycling revolution in India. Since 6 decades; the
Company has enjoyed a position of eminence and leadership in the Bicycle industry. This was
made possible because Atlas constantly strived to move ahead with never ending zeal,
technological upgradations, backward and forward integration and user friendly innovations.

4 Million Bicycles

Atlas is proud to be one of the top bicycle producing companies in the world, with a capacity
to produce 4 million bicycles per year. Today, Atlas has earned not only brand loyalty but also
millions of satisfied customers in India and abroad. This is corroborated by the fact that Atlas
Bicycles are being used in several countries. Atlas always tries to access customer needs and
add value to the product. By following a philosophy of continual upgradation and
improvement, it has adorned a culture that embraces quality. The company has also been
accredited with ISO-9001-2015 certification from British Standards Institution.

A Global Phenomenon

formed strong strategic alliances overseas. By offering a wide range of products for almost all
segments and age groups, it has strived to be extremely market friendly and thus emerging
as an internationally preferred brand.

The Road Ahead

Keeping pace with the spirit of Racing Ahead of Times, Atlas is constantly trying to innovate
and offer products with a firm commitment to meet the emerging customer needs and
thereby enhancing its brand image and acceptability in the global market place.

PRODUCTS
2. AVON CYCLES
In 1948, AVON Cycles Ltd. , has emerged as one of the largest cycle manufacturers in India.
Today, more than 200 different models of best cycles that embodies Luxury, Style & Freedom
and catering to all age groups rolls in our state-of –art assembly in Ludhiana, in Punjab
province of India.

Manufactured using cutting edge technology and backed by continuous Research &
Development, AVON cycles has achieved significant expertise in delivering best bicycles
according to the evolving consumer preferences. Apart from AVON range of bicycles, our
company also manufactures trendy CYCLUX series, the bicycle engineered for the city as well
as great outdoors. The house of AVON cycles also brings you internationally acclaimed
French designed CRONUS range for the discerning cycling enthusiast.
The AVON cycles are sold & serviced by network of exclusive dealership in all major towns in
India.

PRODUCTS

3. HAMILTON BICYCLES
Bicycles are the foundational products of Metro Exporters. We began our operations in 1964
through production of bicycles. Needless to say, nearly five decades later, we have gained
unmatched experience and expertise in the design, development and production of bicycles.

Hamilton Industries (an ISO-9002 certified sister company) undertakes the manufacture of
our bicycle products. Similarly, bicycle parts are manufactured at two other group
companies Mira Cycles and Venus Engineering Works & Foundry. This network is further
augmented by over 100 small and medium manufacturing units that manufacture units as
per our high standards. This strong base allows us to cater to the ever-growing needs of our
customers around the world.

From design and production to quality control, packaging and on through to shipping, they
have earned a privileged reputation for reliability and excellence in bicycles.
From bicycles for children and roadster bicycles to sports and mountain bicycles, our
comprehensive portfolio of bicycles is designed to meet every biking need of our customers
around the globe.

Our experience in sourcing bicycles has endowed us with the capability to develop a
complete range of bicycle components and Accessories.aspx.

PRODUCTS

Roadster Model (PH)

• Roadster Model (RL)

MTB Mountain Bike

• Electro
• Excel
• Formu One
• Leopard

SLR (Sports Light Roadster)

• Hamilton (26"Gents)
• SLR JET Deluxe (26" Gents)
• Hi-End Bicycles

Hi-End Bicycles
• Hi Klass
• Hi Karrbon

Children's Bicycle
• Avigo
• Jag Freestyle

4. HERO CYCLES
Established in 1956 in Ludhiana, Hero Cycles started with manufacturing cycle components
slowly paving its way onto becoming the one of the ‘Best Cycle Brand’ in India. Today, Hero
Cycles is undoubtedly the largest manufacturer of bicycles in India producing 5.2 million
cycles per annum.

Starting from a small unit to creating a huge global footprint, Hero Cycles production unit in
Ludhiana is fully equipped with an in-house R&D facility producing major bicycle
components within its premise under stringent quality parameters complying with all global
standards.

At present, Hero cycles exports to over 70 countries including Germany, Poland, Africa, and
Finland with an approximate network of over 250 suppliers and 2800 dealerships. Moreover,
Hero Cycles is ISO9001 & ISO14001 Certified from BVC of UK and recognised by the R&D
department by the Govt. of India.

Hero Cycles has also entered into Mid Premium, Premium & Super Premium segment under
the brand names Hero Sprint, Hero Sprint Pro & UT (formerly called Urbantrail). As part of
strategy to further cement its position in the fast-growing premium cycling segment in India,
Hero Cycles also acquired Firefox Bikes - India’s largest premium bicycle brand. Firefox Bikes
has an established presence Pan-India through a network of 160 outlets, has been growing
at a 3-year CAGR of 35%.

PRODUCTS

5. TI CYCLES OF INDIA
TI Cycles was established by the Murugappa Group in collaboration with Tube Investments (UK) in
1949. Since then, the company has transitioned from being just a bicycle manufacturer to becoming
an industry expert in mobility and well-being solutions. Today with its core promise of Fun, Fitness
and Freedom, TI Cycles is the leader of the ‘specials’ segment with nationwide presence through a
network of around 11,500 primary and secondary dealers, 4 zonal offices and 4 warehouses. It
manufactures 4 million cycles a year from 3 plants across India – Chennai in the South, Nasik in the
West and Noida in the North.

Best known for its flagship bicycle brands – BSA, Hercules, Montra and Mach City, TI Cycles has a
series of firsts to its credit – the first MTB, the first geared bike, the first Shox model, the first girls’
bike, the first kids’ bike, the first light roadster and the first carbon frame bike. The first Hercules
bicycle was rolled out in 1951 and four more brands were added to the portfolio – Phillips in 1959,
BSA in 1964, Montra in 2011 and Mach City in 2015.

With over six decades of experience in offering consumers a range of bicycles and fitness equipment,
TI Cycles has constantly come up with new trends to suit evolving consumer needs. Today, the BSA
Hercules Exclusive Stores format serves as a role model for other bicycle outlets in the country. The
Track & Trail stores offer an international range of bikes for the serious cyclist and serve as a
testament to the company’s consumer focussed approach. Another pioneering move made by the
company was the introduction of brand Montra. Specifically aimed at the professional cyclist, a range
of faster, lighter and stronger bikes of international standards was manufactured for the first time in
India.

Living up to its dynamic vision of going beyond bicycles, TI Cycles has also forayed into the world of
fitness with its brand BSA Workouts. Keeping with its long standing vision to constantly explore,
innovate and evolve, TI Cycles is all set and ready to ride the trends of the future through innovative
products, unique retail formats and new areas of businesses.

 BSA

PRODUCTS
 HERCULES

PRODUCTS
 MACH CITY

PRODUCTS

LEATHER CYCLE ACCESSORIES

1. FS BIKE
 PRODUCT MANUFACTURED IN POLAND WITH USE OF POLISH MATERIALS
 HAND MADE PRODUCTION
 SELECTED HIGH QUALITY LEATHER
 STAINLESS STEEL ADD-ONS
 YKK SNAPS
 BICYCLE HOOKS FROM LEADING GERMAN PRODUCER
 QUALITY AND FUNCIONALITY

Collections
 BICYCLE BAGS
 DOUBLE PANNIERS
 ACCESSORIES

 BICYCLE BAGS
 DOUBLE PANNIERS

 ACCESSORIES
o CHAIN AND LEATHER BIKE LOCK

o TOOL KIT
WALNUT
Founded in 2009 by Geoffrey Franklin, Walnut combines thoughtful modern design with old-world
craft. Everything we make is hand-built to work beautifully and age gracefully in our Portland, Oregon
workshop.

CYCLE ACCESSORIES