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To Find Refractive Index of Different Liquids Using Hollow Prism

The document describes an experiment to determine the refractive index of various liquids using a hollow prism. The refractive index is calculated using the formula n = [sin(A+D/2)]/sin(i), where n is the refractive index, A is the angle of the prism, D is the angle of minimum deviation, and i is the angle of incidence. Observations are recorded for benzaldehyde, water, and dilute sulfuric acid at various angles of incidence. The experimental refractive indices are calculated and compared to the actual values, finding them to be close but not exact. Precautions for the experiment are also outlined.

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sanjana
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77 views

To Find Refractive Index of Different Liquids Using Hollow Prism

The document describes an experiment to determine the refractive index of various liquids using a hollow prism. The refractive index is calculated using the formula n = [sin(A+D/2)]/sin(i), where n is the refractive index, A is the angle of the prism, D is the angle of minimum deviation, and i is the angle of incidence. Observations are recorded for benzaldehyde, water, and dilute sulfuric acid at various angles of incidence. The experimental refractive indices are calculated and compared to the actual values, finding them to be close but not exact. Precautions for the experiment are also outlined.

Uploaded by

sanjana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIM

To find refractive index of different liquids using hollow prism.


THEORY
Refraction:
The refractive index of the liquid is given by the formula:

Where,

n = Refractive index

A = Angle of prism

D = Angle of minimum deviation

i = Angle of incidence
MATERIALS
 Hollow glass prism

 Various liquids like water, dil. sulphuric acid, benzaldehyde etc.

 Bell pins

 Drawing board
PROCEDURE

• Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of drawing pins.

• Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

• Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

• Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and place 2
pins so that they appear to be in the straight line.

• Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid, on the marked outline ABC.

• Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins appear
to be in same line.

• Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so obtained.

• Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

• Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of incidence.


OBSERVATIONS
1. BENZALDEHYDE

Sno. A (angle of prism) i (angle of D (angle of


incidence) deviation)
1. 60 30 45

2. 60 35 42

3. 60 37.5 40

4. 60 39 42

5. 60 40 45

n = [sin(60+40)/2]
sin(30)
= 1.504

2. WATER

Sno. A (angle of prism) i (angle of D (angle of


incidence) deviation)
1. 60 35 25

2. 60 40 20

3. 60 45 22

4. 60 50 25

5. 60 55 28
n = [sin(60+22)/2]
sin(30)
=1.306

3. DIL. SULPHURIC ACID

Sno. A (angle of prism) i (angle of D (angle of


incidence) deviation)
1. 60 20 33

2. 60 30 30

3. 60 35 25

4. 60 40 29

5. 60 45 30

n = [sin(60+25)/2]
sin(30)
= 1.351
RESULT
Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
 Actual : 1.546
 Experimental : 1.504

 Water
 Actual : 1.33
 Experimental : 1.306

 Dil. Sulphuric acid


 Actual : 1.355
 Experimental : 1.351
PRECAUTIONS
• Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

• Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

• Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

• Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

• Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and incident ray.


BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Wikipedia.org
 Google.com
 Physicsforlife.com
 Earthphysics.com

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