Tutorial On IPTV and Its Latest Developments: January 2011
Tutorial On IPTV and Its Latest Developments: January 2011
Tutorial On IPTV and Its Latest Developments: January 2011
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Abstract—This tutorial presents on IPTV technology. providers. For traditional telephone service providers, Triple
Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is a system through which Play is delivered using a combination of optical fibre and
television services are delivered using the architecture and digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies to its residential
networking methods of the Internet Protocol suite over a
base. Cable television operators use a similar architecture
packet-switched network infrastructure. IPTV services may be
classified into three main groups: live television, time-shifted called hybrid fibre coaxial (HFC) to provide subscriber
programming, and video on demand. homes with broadband, but use the available coaxial cable
IPTV can be viewed on a display with a set-top box that rather than a twisted pair for the last mile transmission
accesses channels, subscription services, on demand and other standard. Subscriber homes can be in a residential
interactive multimedia services over a secure, end-to-end environment, multi-dwelling units, or even in business
operator managed broadband IP data network with desired offices.
QoS to the public with a broadband Internet connection.
From the service provider’s perspective, IPTV
This tutorial also discusses the IPTV architecture, network
technologies, implementation of IPTV, different types of STBs encompasses the acquisition, processing, and secure
that are being used with in New Zealand, the standards, delivery of video content over an IP based networking
different business models, hardware and software of IPTV. infrastructure. The type of service providers involved in
deploying IPTV services range from cable and satellite TV
I. INTRODUCTION carriers to the large telephone companies and private
I N 21st century the access with broadband internet and network operators in different parts of the world.
downstream data rates of several Megabit per second The Fig. 1 shows us a block diagram of simple IPTV
(Mbit/s) is making a steady progress. With the increasing system.
number of households are getting used to video streaming
and download, using the Internet Protocol (IP) to enable
interactive retrieval of video content from the Web. This
type of IP based television service is known as WebTV [1].
However, WebTV does not provide a guaranteed quality of
service (QoS). Therefore now the telecommunication
companies are making an attempt to overcome the
deficiencies of WebTV and launched the so-called IPTV.
A. What is IPTV? Fig.1: Simplified IPTV system [3]
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system where a
digital television service is delivered over Internet Protocol B. IPTV Features
network [2]. Werner [1] describes that “IPTV is not a well- IPTV has number of features. According to [4], these
defined term and may be a source or ambiguity and features are:
sometimes confusion”. (i) Support for interactive TV: The two-way capabilities
IPTV is a television service where content can be of IPTV systems allow service providers to deliver a wide
displayed on a display with a set-top box that accesses range of interactive TV applications such as standard live
channels, subscription services, on demand and other TV, high definition TV (HDTV), interactive games, and
interactive multimedia services over a secure, end-to-end high speed Internet browsing.
operator managed broadband IP data network with desired (ii) Time shifting: IPTV in combination with a digital
QoS to the public with a broadband Internet connection. video recorder permits the time shifting of programming
IPTV system may also include Internet services such as content.
Web access and VOIP where it may be called Triple Play (iii) Personalization: An end-to-end IPTV system supports
and is typically supplied by a broadband operator using the bidirectional communications and allows end users
same infrastructure. IPTV is not the Internet Video that personalize their TV viewing habits by allowing them to
simply allows users to watch videos over the Internet in a decide what they want to watch and when they want to
best effort fashion. IPTV technology offers revenue- watch it.
generating opportunities for the telecom and cable service (iv) Low bandwidth requirements: Instead of delivering
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III. IPTV BUILDING BLOCKS
The Fig. 3 shows the basic building blocks that are
required for implementing IPTV. The home gateway has to
have powerful processing power and enough network
bandwidth to provide networking service and to cope with
various customers. In order for a system operator to deliver
IPTV, it would require encoding, broadcast, and do the
appropriate management before the end user can connect
their set-top-box.
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(PoP) at the DSL access multiplex (DSLAM). The technical
challenge for IPTV is the short time delay during channel
hopping [1].
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as Web browsing, e-mail and viewing e-mail attachments, can have the access to TiVo internet features [14].
advanced multimedia codecs, home networking and PC A TiVo box acts like a digital tuner, giving the access to
connectivity including playback and rendering of content Freeview HD channels and the ability to record them. It will
stored on the PC (photos, music, and personal videos), also provide internet access to pay-per-view movies and TV
gateway functionality, instant messaging (IM), and real-time shows. Fig. 7 shows TiVo set-top box, remote controller and
voice over IP (VoIP). These types of advanced Wi-Fi wireless access device.
functionalities are in demand by end-users, enable
incremental network operator service opportunities, and
allow set-top box manufacturers to easily offer a large range
of differentiated devices [12].
Also to provide secure delivery of satellite data
in IPTV systems, service providers charge subscribing fee
by scrambling the program in conditional access system Fig. 7 TiVo Set-top-Box, wireless adopter and remote controller [15]
using control words. At the receiver end, smart card is used
to decrypt the control words and transfer them back to set- Some of the TiVo STB features are summarised below.
top box to descramble the scrambled program. Therefore, (i) Vital statistics: The TiVo box is 42cm long, 32cm wide
secure communication between set-top box and smart card and 7.5cm tall.
is closely related with the benefit of service providers and (ii) Hard disk: 320 GB (up to 250 hours Standard
the legal rights of users [13]. Definition or 120 hours of High Definition, dependent on
Current set-top box development is driven by service station broadcast formats recorded).
provider requirements and customer demand for new (iii) Composite video and stereo out, HDMI output.
features. Priorities for service providers include the capacity
to deploy, using minimal capital expenditures, new revenue- TiVo features for Telecom customers [16] are;
generating services and multimedia and entertainment- (i) The HD DVR allows viewer to play, pause or rewind live
oriented applications on a set-top box to meet changing TV and record two programmes at once.
customer requirements over time. Service providers also (ii) The 14-day on-screen TV Guide makes it easy to
need to ensure that copyrighted content is protected from schedule the recording of free-to-air programmes and see
unauthorized distribution. To accommodate these what’s coming up on the box. The Now Playing list shows
expectations, the set-top box operating system platform all the programmes that viewer have already recorded.
must be extensible and remotely upgradeable, and include (iii) The Season Pass Manager automatically records every
both rich multimedia technologies and fundamental security episode of the favourite series for the whole season.
features, such as access control. (iv) The WishList search finds and records programmes that
feature viewers’ favourite actor, director, team or topic.
A. Basic Functions (v) Viewer can restrict programmes, lock channels or set
The main job of the STB is to receive the incoming IPTV ratings to shows that are unsuitable for children with TiVo
signal and convert it to a video signal that can be displayed KidZone.
on the viewers’ television. This also provides the user (vi) Using the remote scheduling tool via the internet,
interface that allows viewers to select the video viewer can set their TiVo to record when they are away
programming to be viewed. To do these tasks STB has the from home.
following functional elements [5]:
C. My Sky HDI Set-top-box
(i) Network Interface, to receive the IPTV signals and The MySky HDi is a Personal Video Recorder (PVR),
transmit user commands. just like the original MySky box. The “i” in MySky HDi
(ii) Video and audio outputs, which are connected to the refers to interactive offerings; ie: the box is allowed to
viewers’ video display and speaker system. receive internet-delivered television (IPTV) from Sky [17].
(iii) User interface, both on the front panel of the STB and Another feature that differs from the old Sky box is that the
by way of an on-screen display and remote control. stunning High Definition output delivers to HDMI-capable
(iv) Conditional access hardware/software, to support secure TV sets.
viewing of valuable content. The new box has twice the theoretical capacity of the
(v) Hard disk drive, for recording video programs. original MySky (320 Giga Bytes vs 160 Giga Bytes).
However, in practice, consumers can only access 160GB to
B. TiVO Set-top-box store recorded programmes and the remainder is for
Telecom New Zealand and Hybrid TV has the exclusive operating system software and to store pay-per-view
rights of TiVo products and only its broadband customers programming downloaded to the box.
49
The MySky HDi comes with four tuners, but only two are http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=Zz8IYrcApPoC&pg=PA131&dq
=current+IPTV&hl=en&ei=gcOtS-
enabled in the first release. So initially you’ll be able to vNF4W6swP6pfz2Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1
record two Sky channels at once, just as the existing box &ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=current%20IPTV&f=false
offers [17]. [8] http://www.playoutintelligence.com/2007/11/on-definitions-iptv-and-
not-so-iptv/
The My Sky HDI Set-top-Box shown in Fig. 8 has the
Accessed on 25.03.2010
resolution of 1080i and Sound of 5.1 Dolby [18]. [9] J. Goldberg and T. Kernen, “Network structure – the internet, IPTV
and QoE”, Cisco System, EBU Technical Review, October 2007
[10] The Needs for standards
http://www.isma.tv/technology/white-papers/Paper-IBC-
FleuryJF_finalPROTECTED.pdf.
Accessed on 28.04.2010
Fig. 8 My Sky HDI Set-top-Box and the remote controller [18] [11] J. Hjelm, “Why IPTV? Interactivity, Technologies and Services”,
Wiley publications, 2008
[12] O. Fontana, “Internet Protocol Set-top-boxes”, Microsoft
Corporations, May 2004
D. TelstraClear Set top box [13] Ji-Seon Lee ; Hyun Sook Rhee ; Dong Hoon Lee ; “Efficient and
According to [19] TelstraClear STB has the following Secure Communication between Set-Top Box and Smart Card in
features. IPTV Broadcasting”, IEEE conference,2008
[14] “TiVO for Telecom”, Consumer Latest, Issue 496
(i) 3 Tuners - This allows viewer to record 2 HD (High http://www.consumerblogs.org.nz/tech/2009/09/tivo-for-
Definition) channels whilst watching another HD channel telecom.html#more
OR to watch a pre-recorded programme while recording 2 Accessed on 28.04.2010
[15] TiVO STB, http://www.stoppress.co.nz/news/2009/09/tivo-does-deal-
others. with-telecom/
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The best options to cover all the best audio formats. Accessed on 3.4.201
(vii) Supports future internet video delivery. [19] TelstraClear STB, http://www.telstraclear.co.nz/sub-
sites/homemedia/what.htm
Accessed on 28.4.2010
VIII. CONCLUSION [20] W. Simpson, “Video Over IP: A Practical Guide to technology and
applications”, Focal Press, UK, 2006
IPTV is an evolving technology platform to provide [21] Digital watermarking
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[24] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_network
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