International Journal of Applied Research 2017; 3(6): 1098 -1101

ISSN Print: 2394-7500

ISSN Online: 2394-5869
Impact Factor: 5.2
Analysis of antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera
IJAR 2017; 3(6): 1098-1101
www.allresearchjournal.com
Lam in urban and coastal area
Received: 12-04-2017
Accepted: 13-05-2017
Nimmi Babychan, Dr Reshma JK, Sophia Mole L and Sakhi
Nimmi Babychan Prabhachandh
All Saint's College Trivandrum,
Kerala, India
Abstract
Dr Reshma JK Moringa oleifera is a plant which has high amount of Antioxidant properties and have greater ability to
All Saint's College Trivandrum, reduce the oxidative stress and maintain the cell functioning. This study compared total phenol, total
Kerala, India flavonoid, total Alkaloid, total Terpenoid, Total Saponins, Total Tannin, content and antioxidant
properties between urban and coastal Moringa oleifera The total phenol content in Urban Moringa
Sophia Mole L oleifera is 0.67 mg/L and coastal area is 0.4mg/L. The total flavonoid content in Urban Moringa
All Saint's College Trivandrum, oleifera is 1.3 mg/L and coastal area is 1.1 mg/L. The total Tannin content in Urban Moringa oleifera is
Kerala, India 0.02 mg/L and coastal area is 0.01 mg/L. The Total Saponin content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 2.3
mg/L and Coastal area is 2.6 mg/L. The Total Terpenoid content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 0.05
Sakhi Prabhachandh mg/L and Coastal area is 0.16 mg/l. The Total Alkaloid content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 0.5% and
All Saint's College Trivandrum,
Coastal area is 0.3%.
Kerala, India

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, coastal area, Antioxidant properties, oxidative stress

Introduction
Moringa oleifera is a plant (shrub) which belongs to the Moringaceae family. It contributes
several immensive Antioxidant properties. Plant parts are widely used for many Medicinal
purposes. The plant leaf is used for forage for animals, manure, and also used as a domestic
cleansing agent. The non-sticking Moringa seed oil is used as a lubricant in the field of
industrial products such as perfumes, cosmetics, and medicines. Several anti-microbial, anti-
bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic properties have been reported in the
Moringa oleifera plants. It is widely used as a good source of food preparation. Plant leaves
has immensible amount of amino acids, carotenoids, vitamin C, and calcium.
When Human body undergoes oxidative stress. Which may induce the production of free
radicals in the body and which cause imbalance in the cell metabolism. In order to stabilise
the cell metabolism antioxidants are much more needed to resist against the oxidative stress
and the production of free radicals. Phenols are aromatic compounds which has strong
antioxidant activity. phenols are cancer resistant. The determination of phenols are done by
the method by using spectrophotometer by using Folin- ciocalteau reagent. Flavonoids are
compounds which is secondary metabolites shows greater antioxidant activity. Around 6000
Flavonoids has been identified through out the plant kingdom. Phenolics and Flavonoids
contains polyphenols, cinnamic acid, and other organic acids. These may reduce the
production of free radicals in the body. Tannins are compounds which is an astringent and
widely distributed in the plant species which act as a production from predation and
pesticide. Alkaloids are compounds which are produced by microbes, fungi, flora and fauna,
which helps in the protection of plant species. It posses a bitter taste and harmful to other
organisms when ingested. It posses several properties such as anti-microbial, anti-asthmatic,
and anti-cancerous. Saponins are compounds which protect the plant species from the attack
of microbes and fungi. They are amphipathic glycosides and they form soap like froth in the
solvents and found in most of the plant species. Terpenoids gives aromatic properties to the
plants. Which include scent, flavours, colours, etc. All these antioxidants are essential to the
Correspondence plant for the extensive growth of that plant species.
Nimmi Babychan
All Saint's College Trivandrum,
Kerala, India
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International Journal of Applied Research

Materials and methods Estimation of terpenoids

The present study is based on the comparison between urban 0.8 gm of plant leaf extract was taken in a test tube. 10 ml of
and coastal Moringa oleifera. Moringa oleifera is a most methanol was poured in the extract. The extract was shaken
widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa which is the well and then 5 ml solution was filtered then 2 ml of
only genus in the family. chloroform and 3 ml of sulphuric acid was poured in the leaf
sample solution. The reddish precipitate is formed and then
Sample collection read the absorbance at 538 nm against linalool in methanol
Fresh samples of leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam belonging as blank.
to family Moringaceae were collected from Urban and
Coastal area. Results and discussion
High amount of Antioxidant Activities are found in the
Estimation of antioxidants compounds like Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins,
Estimation of phenols Alkaloids, Terpenoids, which induce resistriction to the
1gm of sample is collected in a beaker and add 80% oxidative stress by scavenging the free radicals by
methanol and kept it for 20 minutes and grind the mixture producing electrons. Antioxidant activity and phenolic
and filter it to the centrifuge tube. Centrifuge the samples at content are interlinked. The total phenol content in urban
5000rpm for 12 minutes. Collect the supernant make it as a Moringa oleifera is 0.6 ±1099 0.03 mg/g and coastal area is
known volume by using methanol. 0.1 ml sample is taken in 0.4±10990.01 mg/g which is less than urban area. The total
the aliquot and make it to 3ml using methanol. Pour 0.5 ml Flavonoid content in urban area is 1.3±10990.006 mg/g and
FC reagent in to it and add 2ml 20%Na2Co3 kept the coastal area is 1.1±10990.003 mg/g which is less than urban
sample in to a water bath till the white precipitate occurs. area. The determination of Flavonoid content is described in
When the precipitate is formed. Centrifuge it for 7000 rpm the Goyal et al; 2007 [9]. The Tannin content in urban
for 5 minutes. Take the absorbance at 650nm against the Moringa oleifera is 0.02±10990.003 mg/g and coastal area
blank. is 0.01±10990.007 mg/g which is less than urban area. The
determination of Tannin content in Moringa oleifera is
Estimation of flavonoids discussed in perixoto et al; 2011 [24]. The total saponin
Take 0.5 ml of plant extract and add 0.5 ml of distilled water content of Moringa oleifera in urban area is 2.3±10990.03
to it then pour 0.3 ml if 5% NaNo2 solution and then mg/g and coastal area is 2.6±10990.06 mg/g which is
incubate it for 5 minutes at 25*c and after incubation add greater than urban area. The Terpenoid content in urban
0.3 ml of 10% Aluminum chloride and 2 ml of 1M sodium Moringa oleifera is 0.05±10990.005 mg/g and coastal area
Hydroxide was added and absorbance was calculated as 510 is 0.16±10990.009 mg/g which is greater than urban area.
nm with quercetin as a standard The Alkaloid content of urban area is 0.5% and coastal area
is 0.3%. The determination of antioxidant properties in
Estimation of tannins Moringa oleifera is discussed in sankhalkal et al; 2014 [28].
1gm of plant extract was kept in 50% methanol. Keep it for
20-28 hrs. Centrifuge the extract and supernant was Conclusion
collected. Add 5 ml of Vanillin Hydrochloride reagent in to From the present study, conclusion is that the leaf extract of
it and absorbance was measured at 500 nm. After 20 M. oleifera Lam exhibit high antioxidant properties. The
minutes A standard graph was prepared with 20-100 ug plant extracts contains large amounts of flavonoids,
solution phenolics, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The study
showed that both the urban and coastal Moringa oleifera
Estimation of alkaloids plants are a source of significant natural antioxidants and
In a 250 ml beaker add 5g of Moringa oleifera leaf powder may be useful in protection against oxidative stresses. Urban
and add 20% acetic acid and keep it for 5 hrs. The solution Moringa oleifera shows more antioxidant activity in
was filtered and the volume is refuced to one quarter by comparison to coastal Moringa oleifera Lam. Thus, there
using water bath. Then Ammonium Hydroxide solution was exist a strong correlation between the increased antioxidant
added to the extract drop by drop until the precipitate is enzyme activity in both the urban and coastal Moringa
formed and the sample is kept for some time to settle out. oleifera plants.
Then the precipitate was separated out and weighted. The
percentage of Alkaloid was identified. Acknowledgment
We would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude
Estimation of saponins to Dr. Reshma J.k, Head of the Department, Post Graduate
50 ml of plant extract is taken in a beaker add add 250 ml of Department of Environmental sciences, all saint's college,
distilled water in to it and Then 250 ml of Vanillin reagent Thiruvananthapuram for her able guidance, encouragement
(800 mg of Vanillin in 100 ml of 99.5% ethanol) was added and cooperation in under taking the research work. I also
to the beaker and 2.5 ml of 75% sulphuric acid is poured extend my sincere gratitude to the other faculty members of
and the solution is kept in the water bath for 60*c for 10 the college. The teaching and non-teaching staffs of the
minutes it was cooled by using cooled water and the college are also deeply acknowledged.
absorbance was measured at 544 nm. Diosgenin was used as
a standard.

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International Journal of Applied Research

Table 1: Antioxidant content in urban and coastal Moringa oleifera Lam

Experiment Urban Mean ±1100 Stadard dev. Coastal Mean± Standard dev
Total phenols (mg/ml) 0.67±11000.03 0.42±11000.01
Flavonoids (mg/ml) 1.3±11000.006 1.1±11000.003
Tannins (mg/ml) 0.02±11000.003 0.01±11000.007
Saponins (mg/ml) 2.3±11000.03 2.6±11000.06
Terpenoids (mg/ml) 0.05±0.005 0.16±0.009
Alkaloids (%) 0.5 0.3

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