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    Drug Profile:: Drug Therapeutic Class Mechanism of Action

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    shayma
    Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent active tuberculosis infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in mycobacteria. It is administered orally or intramuscularly, with dosage depending on weight and whether treating latent or active TB. Common side effects include nausea, weakness, and liver toxicity. It should be used cautiously in those with liver disease or alcohol use, and is contraindicated in those with a history of isoniazid-associated hepatic injury.

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    Drug Profile:: Drug Therapeutic Class Mechanism of Action

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    shayma
    151 views3 pages
    Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent active tuberculosis infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in mycobacteria. It is administered orally or intramuscularly, with dosage depending on weight and whether treating latent or active TB. Common side effects include nausea, weakness, and liver toxicity. It should be used cautiously in those with liver disease or alcohol use, and is contraindicated in those with a history of isoniazid-associated hepatic injury.

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    Drug profile on isoniazid

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    isoniazid

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    Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent active tuberculosis infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in mycobacteria. It is administered orally or intramuscularly, with dosage depending on weight and whether treating latent or active TB. Common side effects include nausea, weakness, and liver toxicity. It should be used cautiously in those with liver disease or alcohol use, and is contraindicated in those with a history of isoniazid-associated hepatic injury.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    151 views3 pages

    Drug Profile:: Drug Therapeutic Class Mechanism of Action

    Uploaded by

    shayma
    Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent active tuberculosis infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in mycobacteria. It is administered orally or intramuscularly, with dosage depending on weight and whether treating latent or active TB. Common side effects include nausea, weakness, and liver toxicity. It should be used cautiously in those with liver disease or alcohol use, and is contraindicated in those with a history of isoniazid-associated hepatic injury.

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    DRUG PROFILE:

    DRUG Isoniazid
    THERAPEUTIC CLASS Anti-tuberculosis

    MECHANISM OF ACTION:
    Isoniazid is a prodrug and must be activated by bacterial catalase. Once activated, isoniazid
    inhibits the synthesis of mycoloic acids, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall.
    Isoniazid is bactericidal to rapidly dividing mycobacteria, but is bacteriostatic if the mycobacteria are
    slow-growing.[38] It inhibits the cytochrome P450 system and hence acts as a source of free radicals.

    PHARMACOKINETICS:
    Absorption: Rapid and complete; rate can be slowed with food

    Half-life: fast acetylators: 30-100 min;


    slow acetylators: 2-5 hr
    1st order or 2nd order elimination: 1st order elimination
    Route of administration preferred: Oral if not possible then IM
    Hepatic or renal clearance: Renal

    INDICATIONS / SPECTRUM:
     Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria

     Isoniazid is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections.
     It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the
    bacteria (people with positive TB skin test).

    DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:


    Adult Dose: Latent Tuberculosis Infection
    >30 kg: 300 mg PO qDay x9 months

    Active Tuberculosis Disease


    5 mg/kg PO/IM qDay, not to exceed 300
    mg qDay

    Pediatric Dose: Latent Tuberculosis Infection


    10-15 mg/kg PO qDay; not to exceed 300 mg/day

    Active Tuberculosis Disease


    10-15 mg/kg PO qDay; not to exceed 300 mg/day
    Duration of treatment: 6-9 months
    Route of administration: Intramuscular administration is intended
    whenever administration by oral route is not
    possible.
    Diluent:

    INTERACTIONS:
    Effect on liver enzyme: It increases ALT and AST levels
    Drugs: Ketoconazole, levostatin, naloxegol etc
    Herbs/mineral/food: Fish, cheese, zinc , iron etc
    Disease: Acute liver diseases , alcoholism
    Pregnancy and lactation Pregnancy Category: C (C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh
    risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or
    neither animal nor human studies done.)
    Lactation: distributed into milk but safe for nursing infants

    SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE DRUG REACTION:


     Stomach  dizziness
     Weakness  Slurred speech
     Loss of apetite  Hyper reflexia

    WARNINGS/PRECAUTIONS:

    Severe and sometimes fatal hepatitis may occur within the first 3 months of treatment and many
    months after treatment. Risk is related to age and increased with daily alcohol consumption.

    CONTRAINDICATION:
     Previous INH hepatic injury or reaction; acute liver disease; pancreatitis.
     Isoniazid is contraindicated in patients who develop severe hypersensitivity reactions, including
    drug-induced hepatitis; previous isoniazid-associated hepatic injury

    COUNCELLING:

    Take isoniazid on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
    Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time.
    Donot skip a dose or else resistance will develop against the drug
    Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost
    time for your next scheduled dose.

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