Surface-Modification of Sio Nanoparticles With Oleic Acid: Zongwei Li, Yongfa Zhu
Surface-Modification of Sio Nanoparticles With Oleic Acid: Zongwei Li, Yongfa Zhu
Surface-Modification of Sio Nanoparticles With Oleic Acid: Zongwei Li, Yongfa Zhu
Abstract
SiO2 nanoparticles modified by oleic acid (OA) were prepared using surface-modification method in this work. Infrared
spectroscopy (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were used to investigate the
structure of the modified SiO2 nanoparticles. Effects on coverage and dispersion in oil by OA concentration were also studied.
The results indicate that OA-modified SiO2 nanoparticles are capable of dispersing stably in mineral oil and the OA is bonded to
the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles through esterification. The optimal reaction temperature and the proportion of OA to SiO2 were
established.
# 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
0169-4332/03/$ – see front matter # 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00259-9
316 Z. Li, Y. Zhu / Applied Surface Science 211 (2003) 315–320
2. Experimental
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Equipments
corresponding to carboxylate appears. Thus, it can be From Fig. 1(b)–(e), the strength of peak at
concluded that the OA, –COOH has reacted with –OH 3430 cm1 corresponding to –OH on the surface of
on the surface of SiO2, and the product is carboxylate. the SiO2 nanoparticles decreases in turn, while the
However, in Fig. 1(b)–(f), the appearance of peak strength of peak at 2926 and 2855 cm1 correspond-
3430 cm1 shows that –OH on the surface of the SiO2 ing to long alkyl chain of OA and the peak at
nanoparticles has not reacted with OA completely. Thus, 1590 cm1 corresponding to –COO increase in turn.
the process of reaction can be described as following The strength of those peaks in Fig. 1(e) are almost the
same as which in Fig. 1(f), indicating that the super-
SiO2 ðOHÞn þ yHOOCC17 H33 fluous OA did not combine with SiO2 nanoparticles
! SiO2 ðOHÞny ðOOCC17 H33 Þy þ yH2 O: in samples E and F.
Fig. 3. XPS spectra of OA-modified SiO2 nanoparticles. (a) typical survey of modified SiO2 nanoparticles, (b) close-up survey at C1s, and
(c) close-up survey at O1s.
318 Z. Li, Y. Zhu / Applied Surface Science 211 (2003) 315–320
Fig. 5. TEM image of OA-modified SiO2 nanoparticles (a and b) and non-modified SiO2 nanoparticles (c and d).
that the hydrophobic long alkyl chain on the surface of Table 1 shows the effect of OA/SiO2 on dispersive
particles improve the dispersive capacity of nanopar- capacity of nanoparticles. It is seen from Table 1 that
ticles in non-polar organic solvents and the –OH on samples A–C are hard to disperse in non-polar organic
the surface of nanoparticles make them easy to dis- solvents, and samples D–F have good dispersive capa-
perse in polar alcohol. city in those solvents. The stability order of samples
Table 1
Effect of OA/SiO2 on dispersion of nanoparticles
A 4.5 þ þ þ þþ þþþþ
B 9.1 þþ þþþ þþ þþþ þþþ
C 13.6 þþþ þþþþ þþ þþþþ þþþ
D 31.8 þþþþ þþþþ þþþ þþþþ þþ
E 68.2 þþþþ þþþþ þþþþ þþþþ þþ
a
Key: þ, un-disperse; þþ, partial-disperse; þþþ, disperse; and þþþþ, stable-disperse.
320 Z. Li, Y. Zhu / Applied Surface Science 211 (2003) 315–320
Table 2
Effect of reaction temperature on dispersion of nanoparticles
in plasticizer is following: 24 h < A < B < 48 h < ing Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry
DF. That indicates that the OA is insufficient in of Education, P.R.C. and supported by the Excellent
samples A–C but superfluous in samples E and F, so Young Teacher Program of MOE, PR China.
the optimal proportion of OA to SiO2 in reactants is
about 20%.
Table 2 shows the effect of reaction temperature on References
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