A PROJECT REPORT ON

PROJECT TITLE
GARBAGE OVERLOAD DETECTION SYSTEM

Submitted to the Savitribai Phule Pune University,Pune

In the partial fulfillment of the requirenments for the award of degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering)

BY
Student Name Exam No:

Student Name Exam No:

Student Name Exam No:

Student Name Exam No:

Under The Guidance of

Prof. Guide Name

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SHALAKA FOUNDATIONSS

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE 18- 19
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Entitled

PROJECT TITLE

Submitted by
Student Name Exam No:
Student Name Exam No:
Student Name Exam No:
Student Name Exam No:

is a bonafide work carried out by them under the supervision of GUIDE NAME
and it is approved for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Savtribai Phule
Pune university, Pune for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering

Prof. Guide Name Prof. R.A.Barapate

Guide H.O.D
Dept. of E&Tc Engg. Dept. of E&Tc Engg.

Prof. Y.R.Soman

Principal
Keystone School of Engineering,Pune
 Abstract
We generally see the debris/ waste material dumped along the pathways
at every place we travel. We see establishment of big garbage cans but
even the garbage from these cans is removed on time. The collection of
such waste are going to cause health issues for the people around and
are going to destroy the beauty of environment. The officials have to
continuously monitor each and every area for removing the waste on
time. We have observed that the municipal officer or the government
authorized person will monitor the status of dustbin. Or generally we
see that they have a regular schedule of picking up these garbage bins
or dustbins. This schedule varies as per the population of that place.
I
 Acknowledgments

Every orientation work has an imprint of many people and it becomes duty of author to
express deep gratitude for the same.

We would like to take this opportunity to express true sense of gratitude towards our
project guide Pof. for his valuable co-operation and guidance that gave us for
this project.

We would also like to thank our head of the department Prof......for inspiring us and
providing us all lab facilities with internet, which helped us with the project work.

We would also like to express our appreciation and thanks to all those who knowingly or
unknowingly have assisted us & encouraged us for our project

Student Name1

Student Name2

Student Name3

Student Name4
(B.E. E&Tc Engg.)
II
Contents

1 Synopsis 1

Project Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 Project Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Internal Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sponsorship and External Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Technical Keywords (As per ACM Keywords) . . . . . . . . . 2

Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Goals and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Relevant mathematics associated with the Project . . . . . . . 3

1.10 Names of Conferences / Journals where papers can be published 3

1.11 Review of Conference/Journal Papers supporting Project idea 4
1.12 Plan of Project Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Technical Keywords 5

Area of Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Technical Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
n 7

Project Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.2 Motivation of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4 Problem Definition and scope 9

Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Goals and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Statement of scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.2 Major Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.3 Methodologies of Problem solving and effciency issues . . . . 10

Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Hardware Resources Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

 Software Resources Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5 Project Plan 12

Project Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Reconciled Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Project Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Risk Management w.r.t. NP Hard analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.2.1 Risk Identi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Risk Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management 14

5.3 Project Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Project task set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.3.2 Task network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Timeline Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Team Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Team structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Management reporting and communication . . . . . . . 17

6 Software requirement speci cation 18

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Overview of responsibilities of Developer . . . . . . . . 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

User pro les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6.2.2 Use-cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2.3 Use Case View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Data Model and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.3.1 Data

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6.3.2 Data objects and Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Functional Model and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Data Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Activity Diagram: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Non Functional Requirements: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

State Diagram: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Design Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Software Interface Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7 Detailed Design Document using Annexure A and B 23

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.3 Data design (using Annexures A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Department of E & Tc Engineering 2016-17 IV
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Global data structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Temporary data structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Database description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Compoent Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

8 Project Implementation 27

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Tools and Technologies Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Methodologies/Algorithm Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Algorithm 1/Pseudo Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Algorithm 2/Pseudo Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Veri cation and Validation for Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . 28

9 Software Testing 29

Type of Testing Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Test Cases and Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

10 Results 31

Screen shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

11 Deployment and Maintenance 33

11.1 Installation and un-installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
11.2 User help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

12 Conclusion and Future Scope 35

References 36

Annexure A Laboratory assignments on Project Analysis of Al-

gorithmic Design 39

Annexure B Laboratory assignments on Project Quality and

Reliability Testing of Project Design 41

Annexure C Project Planner 43

Annexure D Reviewers Comments of Paper Submitted 45

Annexure E Plagiarism Report 47

Department of E & Tc Engineering 2016-17 V
Annexure F Term-II Project Laboratory Assignments 49

Annexure G Information of Project Group Members 51

List of Figures

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

State transition diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Architecture diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
VII
List of Tables

4.1 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Risk Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Risk Probability de nitions [?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Risk Impact de nitions [?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A.1 IDEA Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

CHAPTER 1
SYNOPSIS
1.1 Project Title

Project Title GARBAGE OVERLOAD DETECTION SYSTEM

1.2 Project Option

1.3 Internal Guide

Prof. Internal Guide Name

1.4 Sponsorship and External Guide

Nil

1.5 Technical Keywords (As per ACM Key-words)

 ARDUINO UNO

 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
1.6 Problem Statement

 garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overflowing.

 It creates unhygienic conditions for people.
 Also it creates ugliness to that place.
 bad smell is also spread.

So to avoid such things we are implementing this project to get

 Proper waste disposal

 Garbage collection
 Cleaning maintenance consistency
 People’s participation in terms of waste disposal
 Garbage recycling
 People’s satisfaction about the solid waste management
2
1.7 Abstract
We generally see the debris/ waste material dumped along the pathways at every
place we travel. We see establishment of big garbage cans but even the garbage
from these cans is removed on time. The collection of such waste are going to
cause health issues for the people around and are going to destroy the beauty of
environment. The officials have to continuously monitor each and every area for
removing the waste on time. We have observed that the municipal officer or the
government authorized person will monitor the status of dustbin. Or generally we
see that they have a regular schedule of picking up these garbage bins or dustbins.
This schedule varies as per the population of that place.

1.8 Goals and Objectives

 Environment is highly polluted by untreated waste
 Smart GARBAGE management systems are present in developed
countries
 No smart system is present in developing countries To increase job
opportunity
 Automated process
 Time efficient
 Less system loss
 Predictable output
1.9 Relevant mathematics associated with the Project

System Description:

Input:- Ultrasonic Sensor

Output:- Mobile App

Mathematical formulation if possible

Success Conditions:

 check if bin full or not.

 Ultrasonic sensor check distance

Failure Conditions:

 If recommended input voltage not given then system fails.

1.10 Names of Conferences / Journals where papers

can be published

Following are the list of the conferences where paper can be published:
 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research
Development (IJAERD)
3
1.11 Review of Conference/Journal Papers sup-porting
Project idea
1. Paper Name:
Gsm Based Garbage And Waste Collection Bin Overflow Indicator

Authors: Ishwarya C, [2]Jayashree S, [3]Yesodha P (IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Vol-3

Issue-2 2017)

Review: In this paper, a smart garbage management system is proposed. This

system monitors the garbage overflow in garbage bin. In this project, the level of
garbage in the dustbin is detected with the help of sensor systems, and communicated
to the authorized person through GSM system. Infrared sensor (IR sensor) is used to
detect the level of garbage. Microcontroller is used to interface the sensor system
with the GSM system. An RFID is used to monitor the desired information related to
the garbage for different selected locations. It also monitors the attendance of the
authority person. With the use of conveyor belt and PH sensor the degradable and
non-degradable waste can be separated. Thus the collection and separation of garbage
is monitored efficiently.

2. Paper Name:
IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin

Authors: S.S.Navghane1 , M.S.Killedar2 , Dr.V.M.Rohokale3 .( International Journal

of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016)
Review: Many times, in our city we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at
public places are overloaded. It creates unhygienic conditions for people as well as
ugliness to that place leaving bad smell. To avoid all such situations we are going to
implement a project called IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection bins.
These dustbins are interfaced with microcontroller based system having IR wireless
systems along with central system showing current status of garbage, on mobile web
browser with html page by Wi-Fi. Hence the status will be updated on to the html
page. Major part of our project depends upon the working of the Wi-Fi module;
essential for its implementation. The main aim of this project is to reduce human
resources and efforts along with the enhancement of a smart city vision.

1.12 Plan of Project Execution

Using planner or alike project management tool.

 CHAPTER 2

TECHNICAL KEYWORDS
2.1 Area of Project

Project Area :- EMBEDDED SYSTEM/ IOT.

STATEMENT AND SCOPE

• Very simple to manage, control and regulate.

• The integrated system saves time.

• It is reliable system

• Enhanced security

• System can be used and applied anywhere due to ease of usage.

 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Ultrasonic IOT
sensor

Arduino
uno
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION
We have observed that the municipal
officer or the government authorized person
will monitor the status of dustbin. Or
generally we see that they have a regular
schedule of picking up these garbage bins
or dustbins. This schedule varies as per the
population of that place. It can be once in a
day or twice in a day or in some cases once
in two days. However we see that in case
there is some festival or some function, lots
of garbage material is generated by people
in that particular area. In such cases the
garbage dustbin gets immediately full and
then it overflows which creates many
problems. So in situations, with help of our
project the government authority person
can get SMS immediately.
3.1 Project Idea
The trend of making the manually controlled things automatic has
become a common practice these days. The process of making the
things automatic is being exploited in almost all the major fields of
life. Making things automatic reduces burden on the humans. The
cost and effort used in manually controlled products is much higher
than the automated systems.
Considering the fact, that the problem of efficient waste
management is one of the major problems of the modern times,
there is an utmost need to address this problem. The proper waste
management system is must for the hygienic society in general and
for world as a whole.
A threshold value is set in the controller. Ultrasonic sensor is used
to check the level of debris

3.2 Motivation of the Project

This system helps the common person to get tips to manage their
domestic garbage as well as helps to have clean and healthy
surroundings.

Create direct linkage between Municipal cooperation and public.

Helps farmer manage their farm waste.

Develop a new era of management technique among farmers.

Creating value from waste through a proper management.
3.3 Literature Survey

1. Gsm Based Garbage And Waste Collection Bin Overflow

Indicator

Author:- Ishwarya C, [2]Jayashree S, [3]Yesodha P (IJARIIE-

ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Vol-3 Issue-2 2017)

Abstract:- In this paper, a smart garbage management system is

proposed. This system monitors the garbage overflow in garbage
bin. In this project, the level of garbage in the dustbin is detected
with the help of sensor systems, and communicated to the
authorized person through GSM system. Infrared sensor (IR
sensor) is used to detect the level of garbage. Microcontroller is
used to interface the sensor system with the GSM system. An
RFID is used to monitor the desired information related to the
garbage for different selected locations. It also monitors the
attendance of the authority person. With the use of conveyor belt
and PH sensor the degradable and non-degradable waste can be
separated. Thus the collection and separation of garbage is
monitored efficiently.

2. IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin

Author:- S.S.Navghane1 , M.S.Killedar2 , Dr.V.M.Rohokale3 .(

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and
Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 5, Issue 5, May
2016)

Abstract:- - Many times, in our city we see that the garbage bins
or dustbins placed at public places are overloaded. It creates
unhygienic conditions for people as well as ugliness to that place
leaving bad smell. To avoid all such situations we are going to
implement a project called IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste
Collection bins. These dustbins are interfaced with microcontroller
based system having IR wireless systems along with central system
showing current status of garbage, on mobile web browser with
html page by Wi-Fi. Hence the status will be updated on to the
html page. Major part of our project depends upon the working of
the Wi-Fi module; essential for its implementation. The main aim of
this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with the
enhancement of a smart city vision.
4.7 Software Resources Required

Platform :

1. Operating System: WINDOWS 7

2. IDE: ARDUINO UNO

3. Programming Language C, C++ , JAVA

METHODOLOGY

The technical keywords related with our project are as follows:

 Arduino Uno:- The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based

on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

 Ultrasonic Sensor- Here we are using ARDUINO UNO as a

controller. A threshold value is set in the controller. Ultrasonic sensor
is used to check the level of debris
Arduino Uno

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328

(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not
use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2
(Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader S

RAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external
power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-
USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or
battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive
plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the
Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on
an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the
5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using
more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board.
The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows: •
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external
power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other
regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if
supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. • 5V. The
regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other
components on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board
regulator, or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply. • 3V3. A
3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw
is 50 mA. • GND. Ground pins.

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output,
using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at
5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an
internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In
addition, some pins have specialized functions: • Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. TThese pins are
connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial
chip . • External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger
an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See
the attachInterrupt() function for details. • PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11.
Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. • SPI: 10 (SS),
11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication,
which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently
included in the Arduino language. • LED: 13. There is a built-in LED
connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on,
when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e.
1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts,
though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF
pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have
specialized functionality: • I 2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI)
communication using the Wire library. There are a couple of other pins on the
board: • AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with
analogReference(). • Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller.
Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the
board.
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a
computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328
provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital
pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega8U2 on the board channels this serial
communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on
the computer. The '8U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and
no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, an *.inf file is required..
The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual
data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the
board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-toserial chip and
USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0
and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the
Uno's digital pins. The ATmega328 also support I2C (TWI) and SPI
communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use
of the I2C bus

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download).
Select "Arduino Uno w/ ATmega328" from the Tools > Board menu
(according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the
reference and tutorials. The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes
preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without
the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the
original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files). You can also bypass the
bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit
Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details. The
ATmega8U2 firmware source code is available . The ATmega8U2 is loaded
with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by connecting the solder
jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting the
8U2. You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU
programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use
the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU
bootloader).
ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Ultrasonic sensors are

devices that use electrical–
mechanical energy
transformation to measure
distance from the sensor to
the target object.
Ultrasonic waves are
longitudinal mechanical
waves which travel as a
sequence of compressions
and rarefactions along the
direction of wave
propagation through the
medium. Apart from
distance measurement,
they are also used
in ultrasonic material
testing (to detect cracks,
air bubbles, and other
flaws in the products),
Object detection, position
detection, ultrasonic
mouse, etc.
These sensors are
categorized in two types
according to their working
phenomenon –
piezoelectric sensors and
electrostatic sensors. Here
we are discussing
the ultrasonic sensor
using the piezoelectric
principle. Piezoelectric
ultrasonic sensors use a
piezoelectric material to
generate the ultrasonic
waves.
An ultrasonic
sensor consists of a
transmitter and receiver
which are available as
separate units or
embedded together as
single unit. The above
 image shows the ultrasonic
transmitter and receiver.
In this tutorial you
will learn how to interface
Ultrasonic Distance
Measurement Sensor with
AT89S52. Ultrasonic
ranging module HC -
SR04 provides 2cm -
400cm non-contact
measurement function.the
ranging accuracy can reach
to 3mm. The modules
includes ultrasonic
transmitters, receiver and
control circuit.I also
Provide you complete
Project code you can
download it from the
bottom of the page.

Now working of HC-SR04

as follow:

1. Send 10us HIGH pulse on

TRIG pin of HC-SR04.
2. The sensor sends out a “sonic
burst” of 8 cycles.and detect
whether there is a pulse signal
back.If there is an obstacle in-
front of the module, it will
reflect the ultrasonic burst.
3. If the signal is back, ECHO
output of the sensor will be in
HIGH state (5V) for a
duration of time taken for
sending and receiving
ultrasonic burst. Pulse width
ranges from about 150μS to
25mS and if no obstacle is
detected, the echo pulse width
will be about 38ms.
 Pin out of HC-SR04:

HC-SR04 Front view

 VCC – 5V Power supply.

 TRIG – Trigger Pin connect
to the P1.1 of AT89S52.
 ECHO – Echo Pin connect to
the P1.0 of AT89S52.
 GND – -0V Ground.
Timing Diagram of HC-
SR04:

Timing Diagram of HC-

SR04
 CHAPTER 5

PROJECT PLAN
5.1 Project Estimates

Use Waterfall model and associated streams derived from assignments

1,2, 3, 4 and 5( Annex A and B) for estimation.

5.1.1 Reconciled Estimates

5.1.1.1 Cost Estimate

5.1.1.2 Time Estimates

5.1.2 Project Resources

Project resources [People, Hardware, Software, Tools and other

resources] based on Memory Sharing, IPC, and Concurrency derived
using annexures to be referred.
15
16
5.3 Project Schedule

5.3.1 Project task set

Major Tasks in the Project stages are:

Task 1:

Task 2:

Task 3:

Task 4:

Task 5:

5.3.2 Task network

Project tasks and their dependencies are noted in this diagrammatic form.
5.3.3 Timeline Chart
 CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

SPECIFICATION

6.1 ARDUINO IDE

Installing the Drivers for the Arduino Uno

 Plug in your board and wait for Windows to begin it’s

driver installation process
 After a few moments, the process will fail, despite its best
efforts

 Click on the Start Menu, and open up the Control Panel

 While in the Control Panel, navigate to System and

Security. Next, click on System

 Once the System window is up, open the Device Manager

 Look under Ports (COM & LPT). You should see an open
port named “Arduino UNO (COMxx)”. If there is no COM
& LPT section, look under ‘Other Devices’ for ‘Unknown
Device’
 Right click on the “Arduino UNO (COMxx)” or “Unknown
Device” port and choose the “Update Driver Software”
option
 Next, choose the “Browse my computer for Driver
software” option
  Finally, navigate to and select the Uno’s driver file, named
“ArduinoUNO.inf”, located in the “Drivers” folder of the
Arduino Software download (not the “FTDI USB Drivers”
sub-directory). If you cannot see the .inf file, it is probably
just hidden. You can select the ‘drivers’ folder with the
‘search sub-folders’ option selected instead.
 Windows will finish up the driver installation from there

Launch and Blink!

After following the appropriate steps for your software install, we

are now ready to test your first program with your Arduino board!
 Launch the Arduino application
 If you disconnected your board, plug it back in

 Open the Blink example sketch by going to: File >

Examples > 1.Basics > Blink

 Select the type of Arduino board you’re using: Tools >

Board > your board type
 Select the serial/COM port that your Arduino is attached
to: Tools > Port > COMxx
  If you’re not sure which serial device is your Arduino, take
a look at the available ports, then unplug your Arduino and
look again. The one that disappeared is your Arduino.
 With your Arduino board connected, and the Blink sketch
open, press the ‘Upload’ button

 After a second, you should see some LEDs flashing on

your Arduino, followed by the message ‘Done Uploading’
in the status bar of the Blink sketch.
 If everything worked, the onboard LED on your Arduino
should now be blinking! You just programmed your first
Arduino!

Select the type of Arduino board you’re using: Tools > Board >
your board type
 Select the serial port that your Arduino is attached to:
Tools > Port > xxxxxx (it’ll probably look something like
“/dev/tty.usbmodemfd131” or “/dev/tty.usbserial-131” but
probably with a different number)
 If you’re not sure which serial device is your Arduino, take
a look at the available ports, then unplug your Arduino and
look again. The one that disappeared is your Arduino.
 With your Arduino board connected and the Blink sketch
open, press the ‘Upload’ button
 After a second, you should see some LEDs flashing on
your Arduino, followed by the message ‘Done Uploading’
in the status bar of the Blink sketch.
 If everything worked, the onboard LED on your Arduino
should now be blinking! You just programmed your first
Arduino!
 CHAPTER 12

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE

SCOPE

This project shows a general overview of IOT Base garbage

management system project that are masterminded by their
expected services. It also covers the survey of various technologies
which emphatically support the home automation systems in
reliable way. This system also helps to monitor the fake reports and
hence can reduce the corruption in the overall management
system. This reduces the total number of trips of garbage collection
vehicle and hence reduces the overall expenditure associated with
the garbage collection. It ultimate helps to keep cleanness in the
society. In future we can add the smart garbage management
system makes the garbage collection more use of solar panels in
such systems may reduce the energy consumption.. A waste
collecting and monitoring team which is deployed for collection of
garbage from the city can be guided in a well manner for collection.
Also we can use GSM and GPS for trace the location.
REFERENCES
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Junmei, Li Wenbin,
Yang Liu,
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 Arebey M.,Hannan,
M.A. ; Basri, H. ,
Abdullah, H. “Solid
waste monitoring and
management using
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”IEEE Student
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Research and
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 Fridtjof Siebert.
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 Guy L. Steele.
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 G. Koren and D.
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